W912BU24B0008-AM0001-Specs.pdf

AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION/MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT

Except as provided herein, all terms and conditions of the document referenced in Item 9A or 10A, as heretofore changed, remains unchanged and in full force and effect.

15A. NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNER (Type or print)

30-105-04 EXCEPTION TO SF 30

APPROVED BY OIRM 11-84

STANDARD FORM 30 (Rev. 10-83) Prescribed by GSA

FAR (48 CFR) 53.243

Amendment U00001 is to account for the following :

Technical Specifications :

(1) Bids Schedule, (2) SECTION 06 13 33 – PIPE SUPPORT SYSTEMS: Please delete this section in its entirety, and substitute the revised section 06 13 33, annotated Amendment No. 0001, attached hereto.

(3) SECTION 33 40 00 – STORMWATER OUTFALL PIPES: Please delete this section in its entirety, and substitute the revised section 33 40 00, annotated Amendment No. 0001, attached hereto.

b. CONTRACT DRAWINGS: (1) Please delete the following drawings in their entirety and substitute the revised drawings of the same numbers, with the latest revision date of 19 July 2024, attached hereto:

G-002 C-113 C-101 C-116 C-102 C-308

(2) Add drawing C-313 dated 19 Jul 2024

c. Please indicate receipt of this amendment on Standard Form 1442 (SOLICITATION, OFFER, AND AWARD) as Amendment No. 0001.

Failure to acknowledge all amendments may be cause for rejection of the Bidder. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.

1. CONTRACT ID CODE PAGE OF PAGES

J 1 2

16A. NAME AND TITLE OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)

16C. DATE SIGNED

BY

16B. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 15C. DATE SIGNED 15B. CONTRACTOR/OFFEROR

(Signature of Contracting Officer) (Signature of person authorized to sign)

8. NAME AND ADDRESS OF CONTRACTOR (No., Street, County, State and Zip Code) X W912BU24B0008

X 9B. DATED (SEE ITEM 11)

03-Jul-2024

10B. DATED (SEE ITEM 13)

9A. AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION NO.

11. THIS ITEM ONLY APPLIES TO AMENDMENTS OF SOLICITATIONS

X The above numbered solicitation is amended as set forth in Item 14. The hour and date specified for receipt of Offer is extended, X is not extended.

Offer must acknowledge receipt of this amendment prior to the hour and date specified in the solicitation or as amended by one of the following methods:

(a) By completing Items 8 and 15, and returning copies of the amendment; (b) By acknowledging receipt of this amendment on each copy of the offer submitted;

or (c) By separate letter or telegram which includes a reference to the solicitation and amendment numbers. FAILURE OF YOUR ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO BE RECEIVED AT THE PLACE DESIGNATED FOR THE RECEIPT OF OFFERS PRIOR TO THE HOUR AND DATE SPECIFIED MAY RESULT IN REJECTION OF YOUR OFFER. If by virtue of this amendment you desire to change an offer already submitted, such change may be made by telegram or letter, provided each telegram or letter makes reference to the solicitation and this amendment, and is received prior to the opening hour and date specified.

12. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA (If required)

13. THIS ITEM APPLIES ONLY TO MODIFICATIONS OF CONTRACTS/ORDERS.

IT MODIFIES THE CONTRACT/ORDER NO. AS DESCRIBED IN ITEM 14.

A. THIS CHANGE ORDER IS ISSUED PURSUANT TO: (Specify authority) THE CHANGES SET FORTH IN ITEM 14 ARE MADE IN THE

CONTRACT ORDER NO. IN ITEM 10A.

B. THE ABOVE NUMBERED CONTRACT/ORDER IS MODIFIED TO REFLECT THE ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES (such as changes in paying office, appropriation date, etc.) SET FORTH IN ITEM 14, PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORITY OF FAR 43.103(B).

C. THIS SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT IS ENTERED INTO PURSUANT TO AUTHORITY OF:

D. OTHER (Specify type of modification and authority)

E. IMPORTANT: Contractor is not, is required to sign this document and return copies to the issuing office.

14. DESCRIPTION OF AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION (Organized by UCF section headings, including solicitation/contract subject matter where feasible.)

10A. MOD. OF CONTRACT/ORDER NO.

U0001

2. AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION NO. 5. PROJECT NO.(If applicable)

6. ISSUED BY

3. EFFECTIVE DATE

23-Jul-2024

CODE

U.S. ARMY CORPS AND ENGINEERS - PHILA

1650 ARCH STREET

PHILADELPHIA PA 19103

W912BU 7. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than item 6)

4. REQUISITION/PURCHASE REQ. NO.

CODE

See Item 6

FACILITY CODE CODE

EMAIL: TEL:

X 1

W912BU24B0008

SECTION SF 30 BLOCK 14 CONTINUATION PAGE

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

SECTION 00 10 00 - SOLICITATION

The Issued By organization has changed from

US ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, PHILADELPHIA

POC: FREDERICK CONWAY, 1650 ARCH STREET 4TH F

PHILADELPHIA PA 19103-004

to

US ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, PHILADELPHIA

CONTRACTING DIVISION 1650 ARCH STREET, 4TH FL

PHILADELPHIA PA 19103-2004

(End of Summary of Changes)

IFB W912BU24B0008

Amendment No. 001

00 10 00-3

BIDDING SCHEDULE

(To be attached to SF 1442)

Item Estimated Unit Estimated

No. Description Quantity Unit Price Amount

BASE BID:

1. Mobilization and

Demobilization 1 JOB LS $____________

ATLANTIC CITY (Sta. 0+00 to Sta. 90+00):

2. Structures Monitoring 1 JOB LS $____________

3. Beachfill 922,000 CY $______ $____________

4. I-5 Crossover Base Material

9-inch Thickness 8,013 SF $______ $____________

5. I-5 Crossover Base Material

12-inch Thickness 10,966 SF $______ $____________

6. Sand Fence 3,394 LF $______ $____________

7. Sand Fence Removal and

Replacement 3,787 LF $______ $____________

8. Split Rail Fence 2,265 LF $______ $____________

9. Post and Rail Fence 286 LF $______ $____________

10. Dune Planting for

Wind Blown Area 3,173 SY $______ $____________

11. Dune Grass Planting (18") 14,778 SY $______ $____________

12. Dune Grass Planting (24") 4,101 SY $______ $____________

13. Name the State of New Jersey and the City of Atlantic City as “Additional Insured” under

General Liability Insurance 1 JOB LS $____________

VENTNOR CITY (Sta. 180+00 to Sta. 225+27):

14. Structures Monitoring 1 JOB LS $____________

15. Reconstruct Dune 858 CY $______ $____________

16. Sand Fence 382 LF $______ $____________

17. Dune Grass Planting (18”) 1,826 SY $______ $____________

18. Dune Grass Planting (24”) 1,596 SY $______ $____________

19. Name the State of New Jersey and City of Ventnor as

“Additional Insured” under

General Liability Insurance 1 JOB LS $____________

00 10 00-4

VENTNOR CITY (Sta. 225+27 to Sta. 270+00):

20. Structures Monitoring 1 JOB LS $__________

21. Beachfill 353,000 CY $______ $__________

22. Name the State of New Jersey and City of Ventnor as

“Additional Insured” under

General Liability Insurance 1 JOB LS $__________

MARGATE CITY (Sta. 270+00 to Sta. 354+50):

23. Structures Monitoring 1 JOB LS $__________

24. Reconstruct Dune 1,767 CY $______ $__________

25. Sand Fence 785 LF $______ $__________

26. Dune Planting for Wind Blown Areas 1,135 SY $______ $__________

27. Dune Grass Plantings (18”) 3,439 SY $______ $__________

28. Dune Grass Plantings (24”) 2,344 SY $______ $__________

29. Name the State of New Jersey and City of Margate as

General Liability Insurance 1 JOB LS $__________

LONGPORT BOROUGH (Sta. 354+50 to Sta. 429+33):

30. Structures Monitoring 1 Job LS $____________

31. Reconstruct Dune 663 CY $_______ $____________

32. I-5 Crossover Base

Material (12”) 12,892 SF $_______ $____________

33. Split Rail Fence 834 LF $_______ $____________

34. Dune Grass Plantings (24”) 354 SY $_______ $____________

35. Name the State of New Jersey and City of Longport as

General Liability Insurance 1 JOB LS $____________

TOTAL ESTIMATED BASE BID AMOUNT $__________________

00 10 00-5

OPTIONS

ATLANTIC CITY (Sta. 0+00 to Sta. 90+00):

36. Option 1 - Beachfill 200,000 CY $________ $____________

37. Option 2 - Beachfill 100,000 CY $________ $____________

38. Option 3 - Beachfill 50,000 CY $________ $____________

39. Option 4 – Stormwater Outfall Landward Pipe Repair: Station 28+44

(New Jersey Ave.) 1 JOB LS $____________

40. Option 5 – Stormwater Outfall Removal and Disposal: Station 28+44

(New Jersey Ave.) 1 JOB LS $____________

41. Option 6 – Stormwater Outfall Pipe Extension: Station 28+44

(New Jersey Ave.) 1 JOB LS $____________

42. Option 7 – Stormwater Outfall Pipe Repair: Station 40+16

(Virginia Ave.) 1 JOB LS $____________

ATLANTIC CITY (Sta. 90+00 to Sta. 180+00):

43. Option 8 - Beachfill 75,000 CY $________ $____________

44. Option 9 - Beachfill 50,000 CY $________ $____________

45. Option 10 - Beachfill 25,000 CY $________ $____________

46. Option 11 - Reconstruct Dune 1,070 CY $________ $____________

47. Option 12 – I-5 Crossover Base Material (12”) 17,890 SF $________ $____________

48. Option 13 – Sand Fence Removal and replacement 2,873 LF $________ $____________

49. Option 14 – Split Rail Fence 873 LF $________ $____________

50. Option 15 – Dune Grass Plantings (18”) 17,499 SY $________ $____________

51. Option 16 – Dune Grass Plantings (24”) 17,298 SY $________ $____________

00 10 00-6

VENTNOR CITY (Sta. 180+000 to Sta. 225+27)

52. Option 17 - Beachfill 75,000 CY $________ $____________

53. Option 18 - Beachfill 50,000 CY $________ $____________

54. Option 19 - Beachfill 25,000 CY $________ $____________

55. Option 20 – Sand Fence Removal and Replacement 592 LF $________ $____________

56. Option 21 – Dune Grass

Plantings (18”) 3,549 SY $________ $____________

57. Option 22 – Dune Grass

Plantings (24”) 3,378 SY $________ $____________

VENTNOR CITY (Sta. 225+27 to Sta. 270+00)

58. Option 23 - Beachfill 100,000 CY $________ $____________

59. Option 24 - Beachfill 50,000 CY $________ $____________

60. Option 25 - Beachfill 25,000 CY $________ $____________

MARGATE CITY (Sta. 270+00 to Sta. 354+50):

61. Option 26 – Beachfill 75,000 CY $________ $____________

62. Option 27 - Beachfill 50,000 CY $________ $____________

63. Option 28 - Beachfill 25,000 CY $________ $____________

64. Option 29 – Sand Fence Removal and Replacement 1,729 LF $________ $____________

65. Option 30 – Dune Planting for

Wind Blown Areas 1,642 SY $________ $____________

66. Option 31 – Dune Grass

Plantings (18”) 7,659 SY $________ $____________

67. Option 32 – Dune Grass

Plantings (24”) 6,216 SY $________ $____________

68. Option 33 – Stormwater outfall

Pipe removal and Disposal:

Station 311+65 (Nassau Ave) 1 Job LS $____________

69. Option 34 – Stormwater Outfall

Pipe Removal, Disposal, and Repair:

Station 328+14 (Vendome Ave) 1 Job LS $____________

00 10 00-7

LONGPORT BOROUGH (Sta. 354+50 to Sta. 429+33)

70. Option 35 - Beachfill 75,000 CY $________ $____________

71. Option 36 - Beachfill 50,000 CY $________ $____________

72. Option 37 - Beachfill 25,000 CY $________ $____________

73. Option 38 – Sand Fence Removal and Replacement 550 LF $________ $____________

74. Option 39 – Dune Grass

Plantings (18”) 2,383 SY $________ $____________

75. Option 40 – Dune Grass

Plantings (24”) 2,487 SY $________ $____________

TOTAL ESTIMATED BASE BID AND ALL OPTIONS AMOUNT $_________________

NOTES:

1. Bidders must bid on all items.

2. Bidders shall list the cost of additional premium, if any, to name the

State of New Jersey and the Cities of Atlantic City, Margate City, Ventnor

City, and Longport Borough as “Additional Insured” under General Liability

Insurance as noted in Section 01 30 00 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS, paragraph entitled “INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS”.

This page was intentionally left blank for duplex printing.

Amendment No. 0001

SECTION 06 13 33

PIPE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

The work covered by this section consists of furnishing all labor, materials, plant and equipment, and performing all operations required for installing and/or repairing stormwater outfall pipe support systems, as specified herein and as shown.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A123/A123M (2017) Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products

ASTM A153/A153M (2023) Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM A307 (2021) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength

ASTM A563 (2021; E 2022a) Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts

ASTM D25 (2012; R 2017) Standard Specification for Round Timber Piles

ASTM D450/D450M (2007; R 2018) Standard Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing

AMERICAN WOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (AWPA)

AWPA M1 (2021) Standard for the Purchase of Treated Wood Products

AWPA M2 (2019) Standard for the Inspection of Preservative Treated Wood Products for Industrial Use

AWPA M3 (2016) Standard for the Quality Control of Preservative Treated Products for Industrial Use

AWPA M4 (2023) Standard for the Care of Preservative-Treated Wood Products

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 1

AWPA M6 (2013) Brands Used on Preservative Treated Materials

AWPA U1 (2023) Use Category System: User Specification for Treated Wood

AWPA T1 (2023) Use Category System: Processing and Treatment Standard

SOUTHERN PINE INSPECTION BUREAU (SPIB)

SPIB 1003 (2014) Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)

MIL-P-21035 (1991; Rev B; Notice 2 2003; Notice 3 2021) Paint, High Zinc Dust Content, Galvanizing Repair (Metric)

U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)

FS MM-L-751 (Rev H) Lumber; Softwood

U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)

40 CFR 171 Certification of Pesticide Applicators

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

NOTE: Any submittals classified as "SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals" are submittals required to be submitted to, and approved by, the office indicated prior to mobilization to the contract work site. All other submittals, classified as "SD-02" through "SD-11," shall be submitted to, and approved or reviewed by, the office indicated prior to commencing the particular task to which the submittal is associated.

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Detailed Work Plan; G,DO

SD-02 Shop Drawings

Installation Drawings; G,DO Spliced Timber Strut Connections; G,DO

SD-07 Certificates

Preservative Treated Timber; G,DO MSDS and CIS; G,DO Pesticide Applicator; G,DO Equipment Description; G,DO

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 2

Hardware; G,DO

SD-11 Closeout Submittals

Pile Installation Record; G,DO Pile Installation Drawings; G,DO

1.4 DELIVERY, HANDLING, AND STORAGE

a. Inspect materials delivered to the site for damage, and unload and store with a minimum of handling. Do not store materials directly on the ground. Close-stack treated timber and lumber material in a manner that will prevent material from sagging or becoming crooked. Keep ground under and within 5 feet of such piles free of weeds, rubbish, and combustible materials. Protect materials from weather. Handle treated timber with ropes or chain slings without dropping, breaking outer fibers, bruising, or penetrating surface with tools. Do not use cant dogs, peaveys, hooks, or pike poles. Protect timber and hardware from damage. Handle materials in such a manner as to ensure delivery to the location of installation in a sound, undamaged condition.

b. Prior to performing the work in this section, submit a Detailed Work Plan for transporting, storing, inspecting, repairing, recording, and installing all materials. Include the means that will be taken to ensure that all pipe joints are located within a timber pile support system as shown. Include detailed drawings or sketches of templates or guides that will be used to properly locate the piles prior to installation.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

The producer must brand each treated pile, in accordance with AWPA M1, AWPA M2, AWPA M6, AWPA T1 and AWPA U1.

1.5.1 Preservative Treated Timber

The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of treated wood products. Submit an inspection report of an independent inspection agency approved by the Contracting Officer, that offers products that comply with applicable AWPA standards, and that the plant conforms to AWPA M3.

Identify treatment on each piece by the quality mark of an agency accredited by the Board of Review of the American Lumber Standard Committee. Inspect all preservative-treated wood visually to ensure there are no excessive residual materials or preservative deposits. Materials shall be clean and dry or it will be rejected because of environmental concerns. If Contracting Officer has reason to believe the preservative treatment of timber is of insufficient quality the Contractor may be required to test the timber in accordance with AWPA M2.

1.5.2 MSDS and CIS

Provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and Consumer Information Sheets (CIS) associated with timber preservative treatment. Comply with all safety precautions indicated on MSDS and CIS.

1.5.3 Pesticide Applicators

Provide certifications for all individuals (applicators) who will be

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 3 working with regulated wood preservative products on site. All applicators shall be certified by the State or Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (under the provisions of 40 CFR 171) to use wood preservatives, and have completed an approved EPA training program on the use of wood preservative products.

1.5.4 Delivery Inspection

Provide the necessary facilities at the work site for the proper inspection of new timber piles or cribbing upon delivery. Material inspected and found not to meet this specification shall be removed from the site and replaced at no additional cost to the Government. Do not incorporate materials damaged in transport from plant to site. Inspect all preservative-treated wood, visually to ensure there are no excessive residual materials or preservative deposits. Material shall be clean and dry or it will be rejected due to environmental concerns. Any material damaged after inspection may be subsequently rejected if damage is deemed sufficient for rejection by the Contracting Officer.

1.6 PLANT INSPECTION

The Government, at its discretion, reserves the right to inspect the treating process. Notify the Contracting Officer at least 3 weeks prior to beginning the treatment, stating where preservative treatment will be done. Allow Government inspector access to all parts of the plant. Allow inspection of all facets of the treating process.

1.7 SPLICED TIMBER STRUT CONNECTIONS

Design of all spliced timber connections. Design splice to provide a capacity equal to the larger of the tensile or compression capacity of the members being spliced. The ends of the members being spliced shall be cut to create a butt type connection before the splice is assembled, with no overlapping of members permitted. Submit drawings and calculations, certified by a registered professional engineer, describing the methods for splicing and attachment to timber pile supports. Drawings shall include material sizes and types, arrangement of members, and the sequence and method of installaion. Calculations shall include datea and references used.

1.8 PILE INSTALLATION DRAWINGS

Prepare record drawings that indicate pile locations with surveyed coordinates, and are fully coordinated with the pile driving records as the work progresses. Submit records within 15 calendar days after completion of installation

1.9 RESTRICTIONS ON WORK

All work on timber cribbing shall only be performed during daylight hours.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

2.1.1 Timber Piles

a. Provide pressure treated Southern Yellow Pine (SYP) clean-peeled piles

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 4 conforming to ASTM D25, except pile dimensions shall be as specified herein. Piles shall be pressure-preservative treated for marine piles as specified herein. Piles shall be in one piece. Splices are not permitted.

b. The nominal butt and tip circumference, measured 3 feet from the butt and 3 feet from the tip, shall be as shown. Each pile shall be marked at 1 foot intervals starting from the tip to the butt with a lumber crayon. The butt and tip of the piles shall be cut square with the long axis of the piles. Chamfering or shaving of the pile tips shall not be permitted.

2.1.2 Timber Cribbing

Timber cribbing, including bracing, spacers, shims and struts shall be Southern Yellow Pine, Stress Grade No. 1, and shall conform to SPIB 1003 and the applicable requirements of FS MM-L-751, and identified by the grade mark of a recognized association or independent inspection agency using the specific grading requirements of an association recognized as covering the species used. The association or independent inspection agency shall be certified by the Board of Review, American Lumber Standards Committee, to grade the species used. Cribbing shall be surfaced four sides and shall be pressure-preservative treated as specified herein. All timber dimensions shown on the drawngs are rough cut dimensions and timbers shall be provided to match the rough cut dimensions.

2.1.2.1 Pipe Supports

Timber cribbing shall be shop cut prior to preservative treatment. Cut each top, bottom and side timber cribbing pipe support conforming to the outside circumference of the outfall pipe as shown. After the preservative treatment and drying process of the cribbing, the tolerance of the cut conforming to the outside circumference of the pipe shall be plus or minus 1/8-inch. Cribbing not within specified tolerances shall be cause for rejection.

2.1.2.2 Spacers

Fabricate timber cribbing spacers using either: one piece of timber ripped to the exact width between the cribbing members, or using two pieces of timber ripped to equal dimensions, such that when adjoined they form a composite piece of the exact width. Glue and nail adjoined pieces, using exterior grade wood glue and galvanized nails. The nail pattern shall be such so that it does not interfere with the bolt pattern.

2.1.2.3 Preservative Treatment

Fabricate timbers before preservative treatment. Each piece of treated timber shall be branded, by the producer, in accordance with AWPA M6.

Treat wood to a uniform minimum net retention of 2.50 pounds per cubic foot using Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate (ACZA), or Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) in accordance with AWPA T1 and for use as specified in AWPA U1 for UCS category UC5B. All wood shall be air or kiln dried after treatment.

Do not incise surfaces of lumber that will be exposed. Brush coat areas that are cut or drilled after treatment with either the same preservative used in the treatment or with a 2 percent Copper Naphthenate solution in accordance with AWPA M4.

2.1.3 Hardware

a. Provide bolts with necessary nuts and washers, timber connectors, drift

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 5 pins, dowels, nails, screws, spikes, and other fastenings. Bolts, nuts, and drift pins, shall conform to ASTM A307, Grade A, hot-dipped galvanized. Plate/Beveled plate washers and nuts shall be hot-dipped galvanized conforming to ASTM A563. Provide hex head or carriage bolts with ogee washers under the nut and head. Ogee washers shall conform to ASTM A48 /A48m and shall be hot-dipped galvanized. Provide jam nuts or lock nuts as applicable. Provide timber connectors and other metal fastenings of type and size shown, sized to the bolt length required so that after tightening, bolts shall have less than 1-inch protruding beyond nut to avoid field cutting.

b. Submit a statement signed by an official authorized to certify on behalf of the manufacturer of the product, system, or material, attesting that the product, system or material meets specified requirements. The statement must be dated after the award of the contract, must state the Contractor's name and address, must name the project and location, and must list the specific requirements which are being certified.

2.1.3.1 Zinc-Coating

Galvanize steel specified or indicated by the hot-dip process in accordance with ASTM A123/A123M or ASTM A153/A153M, as applicable.

2.2 PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT

2.2.1 General

Prior to commencement of pile installation, submit detailed equipment description of all pile driving and jetting equipment to be used. Include sketches, details, and descriptions of the driving hammer, power plant, leads driving cap and cushion material, collars, jetting nozzle, water supply system, and other appurtenances.

2.2.2 Pile Driving Hammers

Pile driving hammers shall be steam, air or diesel drop, single-acting or double-acting type. The size and capacity of hammers shall be as recommended by the manufacturer for the pile weights and soil formation to be penetrated. The pile hammer shall be of sufficient weight and energy to install the specified pile without damage into the soils as indicated. The minimum driving energy of hammers shall be 8,700 foot-pounds. The maximum driving energy of hammers shall be 15,000 foot-pounds for piles of any length. Diesel powered hammers shall be operated at the rate recommended by the manufacturer throughout the entire driving period. Sufficient pressure shall be maintained at the hammer so that:

a. for double-acting hammers, the number of blows per minute during and at the completion of driving of a pile is equal approximately to that at which the hammer is rated.

b. for single-acting hammers, there is a full upward stroke of the ram.

2.2.3 Driving Cap or Helmet and Cushion Block

Driving cap or helmet shall be an approved design and shall be capable of protecting pile heads, minimizing energy absorption, and transmitting

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 6 hammer energy uniformly and consistently to piles. Place driving helmet or cap and cushion block combination between top of pile and the ram. Driving caps shall be of an approved design and shall be capable of protecting pile heads, minimizing energy absorption, and transmitting hammer energy uniformly and consistently to the piles. Driving cap shall fit snugly on the top of piles and shall employ a cushion block to prevent impact damage to piles. The cushion block may be a solid or laminated softwood block with the grain parallel to the pile axis and enclosed in a close-fitting steel housing. The thickness of the block shall be suitable for the length of pile to be driven and the character of subsurface material to be encountered. Generally, thicker blocks are required for longer piles and softer subsurface material. If block is damaged, split, highly compressed, charred or burned, or has become spongy or deteriorated, replace with new block. Under no circumstances will the use of small wood blocks, wood chips, rope, or other material permitting excessive loss of hammer energy be permitted.

2.2.4 Pile Collars

Collars or bands for protecting pile butts against splitting, brooming, and other damage while being driven shall be of an approved design.

2.2.5 Jetting Equipment

Equipment shall be designed so that the discharge volume and pressure are sufficient to freely erode the material under and adjacent to the piles.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

a. While the means, methods and sequence of construction under this contract are the responsibility of the contractor, unless otherwise specified, it is assumed that the Contractor, will install the outfall pipe supports and pipe in conjunction with the placement of the beachfill.

Additional beachfill, sheet piling or other materials or methods required due to erosion after the placement of beachfill material shall be provided by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Goverment.

b. Cut, bevel, and face timbers prior to plant preservative treatment. In addition to the contract clause titled "Accident Prevention", provide protective equipment for personnel fabricating, field treating, or handling treated materials. Refer to paragraph titled "MSDS and CIS".

3.2 REMOVALS

Remove timber cribbing and piles shown as being removed and dispose of off-site.

3.3 PILE INSTALLATION

Install piles in accordance with the approved work plan utilizing approved methods, equipment and materials. Select piles of uniform size for each bent. After inspection of each pile upon delivery and prior to use, inspect each pile in the leads prior to installation. Repair damaged piles in accordance with AWPA M4, unless the pile is damaged to such extent that it is rejected. Support piles laterally during driving, but do not unduly restrain from rotation in the leads. Place pile collars or bands around

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 7 the pile butt to prevent brooming. Install piles such that no more than 2 feet of each pile needs to be cut off. Cutting of piles, if required, shall be with pneumatic tools, sawing, or other means approved by the Contracting Officer. Bolt holes as indicated on the drawings shall be of the size that will insure a driving fit.

3.3.1 Pile Location

Accurately place piles at the locations and alignments both laterally and vertically to ensure that the pipe joints will be located within a support system as shown. Maintain correct location of piles by the use of templates, guides, or by other approved means. Pull and replace piles incorrectly placed at no additional cost to the Government.

3.3.2 Driving of Piles

Drive piles without interruption to the depth indicated on the contract drawings. During driving, operate pile driving hammers at the rate and conditions recommended by the hammer manufacturer.

a. Hammer Pressure: Maintain sufficient pressure at the hammer so that:

(1) for double-acting hammer, the number of blows per minute during and at the completion of driving of a pile is approximately equal to that at which the hammer is rated; and (2) for single-acting hammer, there is a full upward stroke of the ram. Replace the driving cap or cushion block whenever they become damaged, split, highly compressed, charred or burned, or have become spongy or deteriorated in any manner. Under no circumstances will the use of small wood blocks, wood chips, rope, or other material permitting excessive loss of hammer energy be permitted.

3.3.3 Jetting of Piles

Jetting may be used for placement of the piles. During the jetting operation, take all necessary precautions to ensure that the jetting nozzle does not advance ahead of the pile being jetted. Discontinue jetting when the pile tip is 3 feet above the indicated pile tip elevation, and drive the pile to the final penetration, or to the maximum of 5-10 blows per inch (after the pile has advanced a minimum of 1-inch), whichever occurs first.

Drive piles within 36 hours of jetting and as specified in Paragraph "Driving of Piles".

3.3.4 Tolerances For Installing Piles

A variation of not more than 1/4-inch per foot of pile length from the vertical for plumb piles or more than 1/2-inch per foot of pile length from the required angle for batter piles is permitted. The center of butts must be within 4 inches of the location indicated. Manipulation of piles is not permitted. Redrive heaved piles to the required tip elevation.

Remove and replace with new piles those damaged, misplaced, driven below the design cutoff, or driven out of alignment, or provide additional piles, driven as directed at no additional cost to the Government.

3.3.5 Pile Installation Record

a. Keep a complete and accurate record of each pile installed Indicate pile location, deviations from design location, tip and butt circumference, original length, mudline elevation, tip elevation, cutoff elevation, penetration in blows per 5 foot interval for the initial 20 foot length of

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 8 penetration, then penetration in blows per foot for the remaining penetration length, hammer data including rate of operation, make, and size, and unusual pile behavior or circumstances experienced during driving such as redriving, heaving, weaving, obstructions, spudding, predrilling, and unanticipated interruptions. Preprinted forms for recording pile driving data are attached at the end of this section. Make pile driving records available to the Contracting Officer at the job site, a minimum of 24 hours after each day of pile driving. Include in the construction records the wood species, preservative type, retention, and producer of installed treated piles. Submit records within 15 calendar days after completion of installation.

3.4 TIMBER CRIBBING AND STRUTS

a. Piles shall not be cut to permit fitting of cribbing or bracing. Cut and frame cribbing and struts so that joints will fit over contact surface. Open joints are unacceptable. Shimming is not allowed, unless otherwise shown. Secure cribbing, struts, braces, and piles in alignment.

Nailing of cribbing and struts to the piles prior to drilling holes for thru bolts will only be permitted through the vertical face of the cribbing. If necessary, use treated filler blocks to fill out between piles and cribbing. Drill bolt holes not more than 1/16 inch larger than diameter of bolt shank. Counterbore holes for bolt heads and washers as indicated. Attach cribbing to piles using thru bolts, washers, and nuts as shown. Holes shall not be drilled nor spikes driven into piles to support scaffolding.

b. In lieu of using beveled washers, a flat-bottomed, recessed shoulder may be counterbored for use with a flat washer. Depth of recessed shoulder shall not exceed 1/4 inch deeper than that depth required for uniform washer contact, perpendicular to bolt alignment. Diameter of recess shall be no greater than that clearance required for socket tool access for tightening.

3.5 BRACING

Align bents before bracing is placed. Provide bracing of sufficient length to provide a minimum distance of 8 inches between outside bolt and end of brace. Bracing shall bear firmly against piles or cribbing to which secured. Place fillers to avoid bending the bracing or cribbing more than one inch out of line when bolts or other fastenings are drawn tight. Make filler a single piece of the same treated lumber as that in the brace, with a width of at least 6 inches and a length of at least 12 inches. Bolt ends of bracing through pile, post, or cap with a bolt of at least the indicated diameter.

3.6 FASTENING

Vertical bolts shall have nuts on the lower end. Install bolts, washers and nuts at the locations shown. Retighten bolts immediately prior to final acceptance of the contract. Bolts shall have sufficient additional threading to provide at least 3/8 inch per foot thickness of timber for future retightening. Provide lock nut or jam nut as appropriate for exposed threads of bolts with nut installed. Size bolts so that after tightening, bolts shall have less than 1-inch protruding beyond nut.

Repair and recoat zinc coating if coating has been cut or damaged as specified herein.

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 9

3.7 FIELD TREATMENT

3.7.1 Timberwork

Field treat cuts, bevels, notches, refacing and abrasions made in the field in treated piles or timbers in accordance with AWPA M4, MSDS and CIS.

Timber subject to water spray or inundation shall be treated immediately after they are cut and before cut surface has been wetted. If wood preservatives are restricted use pesticides they shall be applied by a person certified through an EPA approved training program for the application of wood treatment products in accordance with 40 CFR 171, regulated under 7 U.S.C.A. Sections 136 to 136y, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and applicable standards. Trim cuts and abrasions before field treatment. Paint depressions or openings around bolt holes, joints, or gaps including recesses formed by counterboring, with several heavy applications of the same preservative treatment used to treat the piles, lumber or timber; and after bolt or screw is in place, fill with hot pitch or a bitumastic compound.

3.7.2 Piling Protection

In accordance with AWPA M4, immediately after pile tops are cut off, protect pile top with several heavy applications of the same preservative used to treat the pile, or a copper naphthenate solution containing a minimum of 2 percent copper metal. Seal ends with a heavy application of ASTM D450/D450M coal-tar pitch or other appropriate sealer.

3.7.3 Galvanized Surfaces

Repair and recoat zinc coating which has been field or shop cut, burned by welding, abraded, or otherwise damaged to such an extent as to expose the base metal. Thoroughly clean the damaged area by wire brushing and remove traces of welding flux and loose or cracked zinc coating prior to painting. Paint cleaned area with two coats of zinc oxide-zinc dust paint conforming to MIL-P-21035. Compound paint with a suitable vehicle in a ratio of one part zinc oxide to four parts zinc dust by weight.

3.8 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

The work specified in this section will not be measured for payment and all costs in connection therewith shall be included in the contract lump sum prices for the Bid Items titled "Option 4 - Stormwater Outfall Landward Pipe Repair: Station 28+44 (New Jersey Ave.)", "Option 5 - Stormwater Outfall Pipe Extension: Station 28+44 (New Jersey Ave.)", "Option 6 - Stormwater Outfall Landward Pipe Repair: Station 28+44 (New Jersey Ave.)", and "Option 7 - Stormwater Outfall Pipe Repair: Station 40+16 (Virginia Ave.)", "Option 33 – Stormwater outfall Pipe removal and Disposal:Station 311+65 (Nassau Ave)", and "Option 34 – Stormwater Outfall Pipe Removal, Disposal, and Repair: Station 328+14 (Vendome Ave)".

3.9 PILE DRIVING LOG

The following log is a preprinted form for recording pile driving data.

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 10

PILE DRIVING LOG

CONTRACT NO.__________________________ CONTRACT NAME_______________________

CONTRACTOR____________________________ TYPE OF PILE________________________

PILE NUMBER________________ PILE SIZE: BUTT/TIP: _________ LENGTH_________

GROUND ELEVATION______________________ CUT OFF ELEVATION___________________

PILE TIP ELEVATION____________________ VERTICAL (_____) BATTER 1 ON (_____)

SPLICES ELEVATION_____________________ COMPANY_____________________________

HAMMER: MAKE & MODEL__________________ WT. RAM_____________________________

STROKE________________________________ RAM RATED ENERGY____________________

DESCRIPTION & DIMENSIONS OF DRIVING CAP_____________________________________

CUSHION MATERIALS & THICKNESS_______________________________________________

INSPECTOR___________________________________________________________________

"DEPTH" COLUMN OF PILE DRIVING RECORD REFERENCED TO:

_____________________ CUT-OFF ELEVATION

_____________________ GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION

TIME: START DRIVING________ FINISH DRIVING_________ DRIVING TIME_________

INTERRUPTIONS (TIME, TIP ELEV. & REASON)____________________________________

JET PRESSURE & ELEVATIONS___________________________________________________

DRIVING RESISTANCE

DEPTH NO. OF DEPTH NO. OF DEPTH NO. OF

FT. BLOWS FT. BLOWS FT. BLOWS

0 _____ 18 _____ 36 _____ 1 _____ 19 _____ 37 _____ 2 _____ 20 _____ 38 _____ 3 _____ 21 _____ 39 _____ 4 _____ 22 _____ 40 _____ 5 _____ 23 _____ 41 _____ 6 _____ 24 _____ 42 _____ 7 _____ 25 _____ 43 _____ 8 _____ 26 _____ 44 _____ 9 _____ 27 _____ 45 _____ 10 _____ 28 _____ 46 _____ 11 _____ 29 _____ 47 _____ 12 _____ 30 _____ 48 _____ 13 _____ 31 _____ 49 _____ 14 _____ 32 _____ 50 _____ 15 _____ 33 _____ 51 _____ 16 _____ 34 _____ 52 _____ 17 _____ 35 _____ 53 _____

SHEET 1 OF 2

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 11

PILE DRIVING LOG

54 _____ 77 _____ 99 _____ 55 _____ 78 _____ 100 _____ 56 _____ 79 _____ 101 _____ 57 _____ 80 _____ 102 _____ 58 _____ 81 _____ 103 _____ 59 _____ 82 _____ 104 _____ 60 _____ 83 _____ 105 _____ 61 _____ 84 _____ 106 _____ 62 _____ 85 _____ 107 _____ 63 _____ 86 _____ 108 _____ 64 _____ 87 _____ 109 _____ 65 _____ 88 _____ 110 _____ 66 _____ 89 _____ 111 _____ 67 _____ 90 _____ 112 _____ 68 _____ 91 _____ 113 _____ 69 _____ 92 _____ 114 _____ 70 _____ 93 _____ 115 _____ 71 _____ 94 _____ 116 _____ 72 _____ 95 _____ 117 _____ 73 _____ 96 _____ 118 _____ 74 _____ 97 _____ 119 _____ 75 _____ 98 _____ 120 _____ 76 _____

DRIVING RESISTANCE IN BLOWS PER INCH FOR LAST FOOT OF PENETRATION:

DEPTH________ DEPTH________

1"___2"___3"___4"___5"___6"___7"___8"___9"___10"___11"___12"___

ELEV._______ ELEV.________

REMARKS___________________________________________________________________

CUT OFF ELEVATION: FROM DRAWING ________________

TIP ELEVATION = GROUND ELEVATION - DRIVEN DEPTH = ________________

DRIVEN LENGTH = CUT OFF ELEVATION - TIP ELEVATION = ________________

CUT OFF LENGTH = PILE LENGTH - DRIVEN LENGTH = ________________

SHEET 2 OF 2

-- End of Section --

SECTION 06 13 33 Page 12

SECTION 33 40 00

STORMWATER OUTFALL PIPES

PART 1 GENERAL

The work covered by this section consists of furnishing all labor, materials, plant and equipment, and performing all operations required for extending and/or repairing stormwater outfall pipes as specified herein and on the contract drawings.

1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A716 (2018; R 2022) Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe

ASTM C564 (2020a) Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

ASTM C920 (2018) Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA)

AWWA C110/A21.10 (2021) Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings

AWWA C111/A21.11 (2017) Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings

AWWA C115/A21.15 (2020) Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe With Ductile-Iron or Gray-Iron Threaded Flanges

AWWA C151/A21.51 (2017) Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast

AWWA C153/A21.53 (2019) Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings for Water Service

AWWA C600 (2017) Installation of Ductile-Iron Mains and Their Appurtenances

AWWA C606 (2022) Grooved and Shouldered Joints

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

EM 385-1-1 (2024) Safety -- Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Requirements

SECTION 33 40 00 Page 1

SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS (SSPC)

SSPC SP 2 (2018) Hand Tool Cleaning

1.2 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Detailed Work Plan; G,DO Shoring and Sheeting Plan; G,DO Dewatering Work Plan

SD-02 Shop Drawings

Outfall Pipe Modifications; G,DO

SD-03 Product Data

Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings; G,DO Universal Flexible Pipe Coupling; G,DO Elastomeric Sealant; G,DO Rubber Gaskets; G,DO Mechanical Joint Restraint

SD-07 Certificates

Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings; G,DO Universal Flexible Pipe Coupling; G,DO Elastomeric Sealant; G,DO Outfall Pipe Repairs

1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

1.3.1 Delivery and Storage

a. Materials delivered to site shall be inspected for damage, unloaded, and stored with a minimum of handling. Do not store materials directly on the ground. Keep the inside of pipes and fittings free of dirt and debris.

Before, during, and after installation, protect the pipe and fittings from any environment that would result in damage or deterioration to the material. Keep a copy of the manufacturer's instructions available at the construction site at all times and follow these instructions unless directed otherwise by the Contracting Officer. Store solvents, solvent compounds, lubricants, elastomeric gaskets, and any similar materials required to install pipe, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Solvents in use shall be discarded when the recommended pot life is exceeded.

b. Submit a detailed work plan for transporting, storing, inspecting, repairing, recording, and installing all materials specified in this section, prior to performing the work.

SECTION 33 40 00 Page 2

1.3.2 Handling

Handle pipe and accessories to ensure delivery to the timber pipe support systems in sound, undamaged condition. Carry pipe into position without dragging. Use of pinch bars and tongs for aligning or turning pipe will be permitted. Thoroughly clean the interior of pipe and accessories of foreign matter before being placed on the timber pile supports and keep the pipe clean during installation by plugging or other approved method.

Before installation, inspect the pipe for defects. Replace material found to be defective before or after installation with sound material at no additional cost to the Government. Store rubber gaskets that are not to be installed immediately in a cool, dark place.

1.4 SITE CONDITIONS

Bidders are expected to examine the site of the work in accordance with Contract Clause: SITE INVESTIGATION AND CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE WORK to determine the conditions affecting their operations. The entire work site is designated as a hard hat area in accordance with EM 385-1-1.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.5.1 Shoring and Sheeting Plan

Submit drawings and calculations, certified by a registered professional engineer, describing the methods for shoring and sheeting of excavations.

Drawings shall include material sizes and types, arrangement of members, and the sequence and method of installation and removal sealed by a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of New Jersey, at least 10 days prior to shoring and sheeting activities. Calculations shall include data and references used.

1.5.2 Dewatering Work Plan

Submit procedures for accomplishing dewatering work.

1.5.3 Utilities

Movement of construction machinery and equipment over pipes and utilities during construction shall be at the Contractor's risk. Excavate by hand when adjacent to or for excavations exposing a utility or other buried obstruction. Start hand excavation on each side of the indicated obstruction and continue until the obstruction is uncovered or until clearance for the new grade is assured. Support uncovered lines or other existing work affected by the contract excavation until approval for backfill is granted by the Contracting Officer. Report damage to utility lines or subsurface construction immediately to the Contracting Officer.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STORMWATER OUTFALL MATERIALS

2.1.1 Ductile Iron Pipe and Fittings (DIP)

a. Pipe, except flanged pipe, AWWA C151/A21.51, Thickness Class 52.

Flanged pipe, AWWA C115/A21.15.

SECTION 33 40 00 Page 3

b. Fittings: AWWA C110/A21.10 or AWWA C153/A21.53; fittings with push-on joint ends conforming to the same requirements as fittings with mechanical-joint ends, except that the bell design shall be modified, as approved, for push-on joint. Fittings shall have pressure rating at least equivalent to that of the pipe. Ends of pipe and fittings shall be suitable for the specified joints. Shape of pipe ends and fitting ends, gaskets, and lubricant for joint assembly, AWWA C111/A21.11 and the pipe manufacturer's recommendations.

2.1.1.1 Joints and Jointing Material

Provide push-on joints for pipe and fittings unless otherwise indicated.

a. Push-On Joints: Shape of pipe ends and fitting ends, gaskets, and lubricant for joint assembly as recommended in AWWA C111/A21.11.

2.1.2 Mechanical Joint Restraint

Provide mechanical joint restraint as shown on the plans. Mechanical joint restraint shall consist of multiple gripping wedges incorporated into a follower gland meeting the applicable requirements of AWWA C110/A21.10.

2.1.3 Universal Flexible Pipe Coupling

Universal flexible pipe coupling shall be a sleeve-type, made of elastomeric polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and designed to fit the outside diameter of the new ductile iron pipe. Coupling shall meet the applicable requirements of ASTM C564 and shall be furnished with stainless steel clamps for compression of the coupling to the pipes. Coupling material shall include an ultraviolet sunscreen, a fungicide preventative, and shall be resistant to ozone.

2.1.4 Elastomeric Sealant

Elastomeric sealant shall be a 2-component, premium grade, polyurethane-base in accordance with ASTM C920. Sealant primer and surface conditions shall be in accordance with the sealant manufacturer`s recommendation.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 RESTRICTIONS ON WORK

Existing stormwater outfall pipes to be modified or removed, shall remain in service at all times, unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer.

3.2 PIPE SUPPORTS

a. Outfall Pipe: Existing stormwater outfall pipes and portions of existing pipe support systems shall be removed, repaired, and modified at the locations, and to the extent, as indicated on the contract drawings and as specified in Section 06 13 33 OUTFALL PIPE SUPPORTS. New pipe support systems shall be constructed as indicated and as specified in Section 06 13 33 PIPE SUPPORTS to support the new and reused outfall pipe sections. Construction debris generated shall be disposed off-site in accordance with State and Federal regulations.

SECTION 33 40 00 Page 4

b. Submit a complete and accurate record of each outfall pipe repair within three days of completion of pipe installation. The record shall indicate the outfall number and station, the pile spacings, pipe sizes and lengths, member sizes, and materials used.

3.3 PROTECTION

3.3.1 Shoring

Provide shoring including sheet piling, and install it as necessary to protect workmen and adjacent structures and utilities. Shoring, bracing, and sheeting shall be designed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer. Remove shoring, bracing, and sheeting as excavations are backfilled, in a manner to prevent caving.

3.3.2 Drainage and Dewatering

Establish and maintain the drainage of outfall pipes at all times throughout the entire contract. Any excavation associated with the installation of the new pipes shall be graded to provide stable embankment slopes or sheeted and shored as specified herein.

3.3.3 Underground Utilities

Location of the existing utilities indicated is approximate. The Contractor shall physically verify the location and elevation of the existing utilities indicated prior to starting construction.

3.3.4 Machinery and Equipment

Movement of construction machinery and equipment over pipes during construction shall be at the Contractor's risk. Place a minimum of 5-foot of beachfill cover over outfalls prior to the use of equipment across these structures. Repair damage to existing outfalls due to the work operations at no additional cost to the Government.

3.4 EXCAVATION

Excavation will be unclassified regardless of the nature of the material encountered and shall…