Attachment 0007 Draft MIL-STD Tactical Microgrid Standard (20220506)_DISTRO A.pdf

MIL-STD-XXX

DRAFT 6 May 2022

NOTE: This draft, dated 6 May 2022, prepared by the Preparing Activity CR4, has not 1 been approved and is subject to modification. DO NOT USE PRIOR TO APPROVAL. 2 (Project Number: TBD). 3

MIL-STD-XXX 5

DRAFT 6

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 8

INTERFACE STANDARD 9

TACTICAL MICROGRID 11

COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL 12

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for Public Release: Distribution Unlimited

AMSC N/A FSC 6115 22

METRIC

i

FOREWORD 24

a. This standard is [not yet] approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the 25

Department of Defense (DoD) 26

b. This standard establishes criteria to enable the interoperability of hardware and 27 software necessary to operate a tactical microgrid on the battlefield with respect to the 28 design, intelligent control, stability and performance, security, safety of personnel, 29 and the protection of the tactical microgrid system and equipment. 30

c. This standard defines the tactical microgrid architecture using open standards to 31 support a modular, highly cohesive system structure in order to leverage the 32 collaborative innovation of industry, academia, and government participants along 33 with stakeholders. 34

d. This document is intended to be free of Essential Patent Claims. Although 35 development of this standard was made with the active participation of the Private 36 Sector, non-government contributors have certified that they have declared all 37 essential patent claims found in this standard. 38

e. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to PM 39 E2S2 C/O Tom Dooley, United States Army CCDC C5ISR PRD, 40 Thomas.C.Dooley.civ@mail.mil. [In future, this will change to the final Defense 41 Standard (MIL-STD) document owner.] 42 ii

Table of Contents 45

1. SCOPE. .................................................................................................................................... 6 46

1.1. Scope. ............................................................................................................................... 6 47

1.2. Purpose. ............................................................................................................................ 6 48

1.3. Application. ...................................................................................................................... 6 49

1.4. Classification. ................................................................................................................... 6 50

1.5. Limitations. ...................................................................................................................... 6 51

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................... 6 52

2.1. General. ............................................................................................................................ 6 53

2.2. Government documents.................................................................................................... 7 54

2.2.1. Specifications, standards, and handbooks. ................................................................ 7 55

2.2.2. Other Government documents, drawings, and publications. .................................... 7 56

2.3. Non-Government Publications. ........................................................................................ 8 57

2.4. Order of Precedence. ...................................................................................................... 10 58

3. DEFINITIONS. ..................................................................................................................... 10 59

3.1. Acronyms. ...................................................................................................................... 10 60

3.2. Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 12 61

3.2.1. Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). .................................................................... 12 62

3.2.2. Backwards compatibility. ....................................................................................... 12 63

3.2.3. Command. ............................................................................................................... 12 64

3.2.4. Configuration. ......................................................................................................... 13 65

3.2.5. Device. .................................................................................................................... 13 66

3.2.6. Distribution. ............................................................................................................ 13 67

3.2.7. Essential patent. ...................................................................................................... 13 68

3.2.8. Exciter. .................................................................................................................... 13 69

3.2.9. Fingerprint............................................................................................................... 13 70

3.2.10. Generating source. ............................................................................................... 13 71

3.2.11. Grid...................................................................................................................... 13 72

3.2.12. Interconnection. ................................................................................................... 13 73

3.2.13. Interface. .............................................................................................................. 13 74

3.2.14. Interoperability. ................................................................................................... 13 75

3.2.15. Inverter. ............................................................................................................... 13 76

3.2.16. Legacy equipment. .............................................................................................. 13 77

3.2.17. Load. .................................................................................................................... 13 78 iii

3.2.18. Load shedding. .................................................................................................... 13 79

3.2.19. Operator. .............................................................................................................. 13 80

3.2.20. Power Device. ..................................................................................................... 13 81

3.2.21. Open standard. ..................................................................................................... 14 82

3.2.22. Performance. ....................................................................................................... 14 83

3.2.23. Point of Connection (POC). ................................................................................ 14 84

3.2.24. Ring-bus off-line. ................................................................................................ 14 85

3.2.25. Setting.................................................................................................................. 14 86

3.2.26. Source (SRC)....................................................................................................... 14 87

3.2.27. Storage device. .................................................................................................... 14 88

3.2.28. Tactical microgrid (TMG). .................................................................................. 14 89

3.2.29. Tactical Microgrid Controller (TMC). ................................................................ 14 90

3.2.30. User. .................................................................................................................... 14 91

3.2.31. War-fighter. ......................................................................................................... 14 92

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 14 93

4.1. General. .......................................................................................................................... 14 94

4.2. Types of Tactical Microgrid Equipment. ....................................................................... 14 95

4.2.1. Type I - Power Generation Sources. ....................................................................... 14 96

4.2.2. Type II – Energy Storage Systems. ......................................................................... 15 97

4.2.3. Type III – Feeder Systems. ..................................................................................... 15 98

4.2.4. Type IV – Distribution Systems. ............................................................................ 15 99

4.2.5. Type V – Control Systems. ..................................................................................... 15 100

4.2.6. Type VI – Loads. .................................................................................................... 15 101

4.2.7. Type VII – Power Conversion. ............................................................................... 15 102

4.3. Interoperability. .............................................................................................................. 16 103

4.4. Standalone Use. .............................................................................................................. 16 104

4.4.1. Type I Power Generation Sources and Type II Energy Storage Equipment. ............. 16 105

4.4.2. Type III Feeder and Type IV Distribution Systems Equipment. ............................ 16 106

4.5. Degraded Operation. ...................................................................................................... 16 107

4.6. Monitoring and Control. ................................................................................................. 16 108

4.7. Cybersecurity. ................................................................................................................ 16 109

4.7.1. Risk Management Framework (RMF). ................................................................... 16 110

4.7.2. Operational Resilience. ........................................................................................... 17 111

4.7.3. Access to firmware/software. .................................................................................. 17 112 iv

4.8. Tactical Microgrid Architecture. .................................................................................... 18 113

4.8.1. Common Microgrid Control System. ..................................................................... 18 114

4.8.2. Common Microgrid Monitoring System. ............................................................... 18 115

4.8.3. Levels of Control. ................................................................................................... 18 116

4.8.4. Tactical Microgrid Control (TMC) Redundancy. ................................................... 18 117

4.8.5. Communications Architecture. ............................................................................... 19 118

4.9. Data Model. .................................................................................................................... 19 119

4.9.1. Device Identity. ....................................................................................................... 20 120

4.9.2. Device Roles. .......................................................................................................... 20 121

4.9.3. Platforms. ................................................................................................................ 21 122

4.9.4. Data flows. .............................................................................................................. 21 123

4.9.5. Publishers and Subscribers. .................................................................................. 22 124

4.9.6. Topic and Message Flow. ....................................................................................... 22 125

4.9.7. Data Types. ............................................................................................................. 22 126

4.9.8. Data Flow Patterns. ............................................................................................... 23 127

4.9.9. Instances. ................................................................................................................. 24 128

4.9.10. Timing ................................................................................................................ 24 129

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................ 25 130

5.1. Safety .............................................................................................................................. 25 131

5.2. Human Engineering........................................................................................................ 25 132

5.3. TMG Equipment Roles and Responsibilities ................................................................. 25 133

5.3.1. Type I – Power Sources .......................................................................................... 25 134

5.3.2. Type II – Energy Storage ........................................................................................ 27 135

5.3.3. Type III – Feeder Systems ...................................................................................... 28 136

5.3.4. Type IV – Distribution Systems ............................................................................. 29 137

5.3.5. Type V – Control Systems ...................................................................................... 30 138

5.3.6. Type VI – Loads ..................................................................................................... 33 139

5.3.7. Type VII – Power Conversion ................................................................................ 34 140

5.4. Communications Interface ............................................................................................. 35 141

5.4.1. Application Layer. .................................................................................................. 36 142

5.4.2. Presentation Layer. ................................................................................................. 36 143

5.4.3. Session Layer. ......................................................................................................... 36 144

5.4.4. Transport Layer. ...................................................................................................... 36 145

5.4.5. Network Layer. ....................................................................................................... 36 146 v

5.4.6. Physical Layer. ........................................................................................................ 36 147

6. NOTES .................................................................................................................................. 36 148

6.1. Intended Use. .................................................................................................................. 36 149

6.2. Acquisition requirements. .............................................................................................. 36 150

6.3. Tailoring guidance.......................................................................................................... 36 151

6.4. Subject term (key word) Listing..................................................................................... 37 152

1. SCOPE. 155

1.1. Scope. This standard establishes the communication and control interface requirements 156 for Tactical Microgrids (TMGs) to enable TMG components to operate as a single entity to 157 provide electricity in a tactical environment. This standard defines the component interfaces of 158 the hardware and software necessary to provide intelligent control, power quality, electrical 159 stability, electrical performance, safety of personnel, security, and protection. 160

A tactical microgrid is a warfighter-operated and maintained power system consisting of 161 a mobile, flexible group of interconnected power generation sources, distribution, energy 162 storage, and load devices that act as a single, controllable system to provide electricity on the 163 battlefield. 164

1.2. Purpose. The purpose of this DOD standard is to define an open communication and 165 control architecture for TMGs to facilitate: 166

a. Interoperability between manufacturers of tactical microgrid components 167

b. Safety of personnel and equipment 168

c. Backwards compatibility with legacy equipment wherever possible 169

d. Security of the tactical microgrid communication network and controllers 170

e. Reduction of procurement, operational, sustainment, and maintenance costs 171

1.3. Application. This standard is applicable to tactical microgrid systems, subsystems, and 172 individual equipment. While this standard provides interoperability and design criteria guidance, 173 it is not intended to limit innovation in the design or selection of specific hardware, software, 174 materials, and processes. 175

1.4. Classification. The Tactical Microgrids are made up of the following types of equipment: 176

Table 1-1 Types of Equipment in a Tactical Microgrid 177

Types of Equipment in a Tactical Microgrid Type I Power Generation Sources (e.g. Engine-Generator sets, Solar, Wind, etc.)

Type II Energy Storage Systems, (e.g. batteries, capacitors, etc.)

Type III Feeder Systems (e.g. 3 phase inputs with 3 phase outputs) Type IV Distribution Systems, (e.g. 1 or 3 phase inputs with 1 phase outputs) Type V Control Systems w/ Communications and cabling Type VI Loads (e.g. Improved Environmental Control Units) Type VII Power Conversion

1.5. Limitations. This document does not define test procedures that verify compliance with 179 this standard. This document is not to be referenced as the sole source for cybersecurity 180 requirements. 181

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 182

2.1. General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this 183 standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or 184 recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to 185 ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all 186 specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not 187 they are listed. 188

2.2. Government documents. 189

2.2.1. Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and 190 handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise 191 specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. 192

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARDS 193

MIL-STD-464 Electromagnetic Environmental Effects, Requirements For Systems

MIL-HDBK-759 Human Engineering Design Guidelines

MIL-STD-633 Standard Family of Mobile Electric Power Generating Sources General Description Information and Characteristic Data

MIL-STD-810 Test Method Standard: Environmental Engineering Considerations And Laboratory Tests

MIL-STD-882E System Safety

MIL-STD-1332

Definitions of Tactical, Prime, Precise, and Utility Terminologies for Classification of the DOD Mobile Electric Power Engine Generator Set Family

MIL-STD-1472 Human Engineering

MIL-STD-1651

Insert Arrangements for SAE-AS50151, MIL-DTL-22992 (Classes C, J, and R), MIL-DTL-83723 (Series II) and SAE- AS95234 Circular Electrical Connectors

MIL-DTL-22992 Connectors, Plugs and Receptacles, Electrical, Waterproof, Quick Disconnect, Heavy Duty Type, General Specification For

MIL-DTL-53126

A SUPP 1 Power Distribution, Illumination Systems, Electrical General

Specification for

MIL-L-85762A Lighting, Aircraft, Interior, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible

(Copies of these documents are available online at http://quicksearch.dla.mil.) 194

2.2.2. Other Government documents, drawings, and publications. The following other 195 Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent 196 specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the 197 solicitation or contract. 198

AR385-10 The Army Safety Program

CECOMTR-96-2 Earth Grounding Pamphlet A Guide to Proper Earth Grounding Methods and Procedures for use with

Tactical System DODI 8500.01 Cybersecurity

NIST SP 800-39 Managing Information Security Risk: Organization, Mission, and Information System View

NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations

SP 800-57 Part 1 Rev. 5 Recommendation for Key Management: Part 1 – General

NIST SP 800-82 Rev. 2 Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security NIST SP 800-193 Platform Firmware Resilience Guidelines Technical Manual No. 3- 34.46/Marine Corps Reference Publication 3- 17.7K

Theater of Operations Electrical Systems

(Copies of these documents are available online.) 199

2.3. Non-Government Publications. The following documents form a part of this document to 200 the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those 201 cited in the solicitation or contract. 202

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) 203

ANSI/NEMA C84.1-2006

American National Standard for Electric Power Systems and Equipment - Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz)

(Copies can be obtained at https://ansi.org/) 205

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS 207

ASTM F1166 - 07(2013)

Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities

(Copies can be obtained at https://www.astm.org/) 209

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS (IEEE) 211

IEEE STD C62.41.2-2002 Recommended Practice on Characterization of Surges in Low-Voltage (1000 V and less) AC Power Circuits

IEEE-519-1992 Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems

IEEE-1547-2003 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems https://ansi.org/ https://www.astm.org/

IEEE-260.1 Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement IEEE Std.100 Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms

0BIEEE 754-2008 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic

IEEE 802.1X-2010

Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks-- Port-Based Network Access Control

IEEE STD 945-1984

Recommended Practice for Preferred Metric Units for Use in Electrical and Electronics Science and Technology.

IEEE 1003.1-2017

Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(TM))

IEEE-1588-2008 Precision Time Protocol (Copies can be obtained at https://www.ieee.org/) 213

INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE 215

RFC-768 User Datagram Protocol RFC-2460 Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification

(Copies can be obtained at https://www.ietf.org/) 217

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION 219

ISO/IEC 14496-22:2019 Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 22: Open Font Format

(Copies can be obtained at https://www.iso.org/) 221

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC) 223

61000-3-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)

61131-3 Programming Industrial Automation Systems : Concepts and Programming Languages, Requirements for Programming Systems, Decision-Making Aids

61850 Communication Networks and Systems in Substations (Copies can be obtained at https://www.iec.ch) 225 https://www.ieee.org/ https://www.iso.org/ https://www.iec.ch/

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION TELECOMMUNICATION 227

STANDARDIZATION SECTOR (ITU-T) 228

Rec I.371 Traffic control and congestion control in B-ISDN (Copies can be obtained at https://www.itu.int) 230

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) 232

NFPA-70 National Electrical Code NFPA-70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace

NFPA 704 Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response

(Copies can be obtained at https://nfpa.org/) 233

OBJECT MANAGEMENT GROUP 235

2.4.1 Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML), Infrastructure

Specification

4.2 Interface Definition Language (IDL)

1.4 OMG Data Distribution Service

(Copies can be obtained at https://www.omg.org/) 236

SAE INTERNATIONAL 238

SAE J1939-73 Diagnostics Application Layer (Copies can be obtained at https://www.sae.org/) 240

2.4. Order of Precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a 242 conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this 243 document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and 244 regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 245

3. DEFINITIONS. 246

3.1. Acronyms. 247

https://www.itu.int/ https://nfpa.org/ https://www.omg.org/ https://www.sae.org/

ACRONYM DEFINITION

AC Alternating Current AN Application Note

ANSI/NEMA American National Standards Institute / National Electrical Manufacturers Association

API Application Programming Interface AR Army Regulation DC Direct Current

DDS Data Distribution Service DER Distributed Energy Resource DOD Department of Defense DODI Department of Defense Instruction ECU Environmental Control Unit EIO Energy Informed Operations

GCRA Generic Cell Rate Algorithm IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IoT Internet of Things IP Internet Protocol

IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6 ISO International Organization for Standardization IT Information Technology

JSON JavaScript Object Notation MBS Maximum Burst Size MC Microgrid Controller

MIL-STD-XXX Defense Standard MMC Master Microgrid Controller NEC National Electrical Code

NFPA National Fire Protection Association NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NSN National Stock Number OMG Object Management Group

ACRONYM DEFINITION

OpenFMB™ Open Field Message Bus

OSI Open Systems Interconnection OT Operational Technology

PCR Peak Cell Rate PTP Precision Time Protocol QoS Quality of Service RFC Request For Comment RMF Risk Management Framework RMS Root Mean Squared ROM Read Only Memory RoT Root of Trust

SDLC System Development Lifecycle SP Special Publication TM Technical Manual TLS Transport Layer Security TMG Tactical Microgrid TMC Tactical Microgrid Controller TMS Tactical Microgrid Standard TPM Trusted Platform Module UDP User Datagram Protocol UI User Interface

VAC Volts AC XML Extensible Markup Language

3.2. Definitions 250

3.2.1. Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). A device that automatically adjusts the 251 synchronous generator’s excitation to regulate the voltage output to either a predetermined level 252 or based on a stable reference, for example, the sinusoidal output Root Mean Squared (RMS) 253 voltage. 254

3.2.2. Backwards compatibility. The ability of a system or component to operate with 255 previously-fielded systems or components of the system. 256

3.2.3. Command. An action with an immediate effect that the system must attempt to execute. 257 A failure results in an error. 258

3.2.4. Configuration. A collection of devices and connections that complete a TMG system. 259

3.2.5. Device. A standalone component that is part of the TMG system, including generating 260 sources, Tactical Microgrid Controller (TMC), distribution, storage, and loads. 261

3.2.6. Distribution. All the equipment necessary to distribute power from the sources to the 262 loads, including protective devices, boxes, and cabling. Distribution equipment include both 263 Type III Feeder Systems and Type IV Distribution Systems. 264

3.2.7. Essential patent. A patent required to be obtained in order to produce a standard 265 compliant product. 266

3.2.8. Exciter. A device that provides electric current to produce the rotor’s magnetic field in a 267 generator, for example, a battery or small generator. 268

3.2.9. Fingerprint. A data type that assigns a unique identity to each TMS device, associated 269 with a single specific device role. 270

3.2.10. Generating source. Equipment which consumes fuel to provide power to the TMG, 271 typically synchronous diesel generators. 272

3.2.11. Grid. General term for a system of components connected together. In this standard, grid 273 refers to either a Utility Power Grid or a Microgrid. 274

3.2.12. Interconnection. Process of connecting military generation and distribution equipment to 275 a powered or un-powered Power System. 276

3.2.13. Interface. The point where two systems meet and interact. 277

3.2.14. Interoperability. The ability to act coherently, effectively, and efficiently to achieve 278 tactical, operational, and strategic objectives. The devices must communicate, provide, and use 279 services and information between systems, regardless of manufacturer or version, without the 280 need for operator intervention. 281

3.2.15. Inverter. Device that changes a direct current power source into an alternating current or 282 voltage source. 283

3.2.16. Legacy equipment. In this standard, refers to any and all military generation, 284 distribution, storage, and load equipment deployed before the release of this standard. 285

3.2.17. Load. A user device that is powered by the TMG. 286

3.2.18. Load shedding. Distribution disconnects one or more loads when the generators are 287 overloaded until the overloaded condition is removed. 288

3.2.19. Operator. A war-fighter tasked to install, run, and maintain the tactical microgrid. 289

3.2.20. Power Device. A standalone component that is part of the TMG system, including 290 generating sources, distribution, storage, and loads. A power device does not include the TMC. 291

3.2.21. Open standard. Standards made available to the general public that are developed (or 292 approved) and maintained via a collaborative and consensus driven process. 293

3.2.22. Performance. The capability of a device when observed under particular conditions. 294

3.2.23. Point of Connection (POC). The power connection between any power device and the 295

TMG. 296

3.2.24. Ring-bus off-line. A ring-bus microgrid configuration where one bus segment is 297 connected but unpowered and kept as a spare. In the event a bus segment is cut, the spare bus 298 segment would be energized. 299

3.2.25. Setting. Modifies either the software or hardware behavior of the device. 300

3.2.26. Source (SRC). A device that provides energy to the microgrid, including both generating 301 and renewable sources. 302

3.2.27. Storage device. A system that saves and stores energy to be used at a later time. 303

3.2.28. Tactical microgrid (TMG). A tactical microgrid is a warfighter-operated and maintained 304 power system consisting of a mobile, flexible group of interconnected power generation sources, 305 distribution, storage, and load devices that act as a single, controllable system to provide 306 electricity on the battlefield. Intended to be self-contained and readily deployable, the TMG may 307 utilize alternative energy resources, energy storage, and be capable of interfacing with other 308 grids. 309

3.2.29. Tactical Microgrid Controller (TMC). A device, which an operator can access to set up, 310 run, or maintain the system, which can communicate with other devices and automatically 311 change their settings. 312

3.2.30. User. A war-fighter allowed to view the current state and make minor changes to the 313 tactical microgrid. 314

3.2.31. War-fighter. Military personnel with primary skills in combat that may have limited staff 315 with generator experience. War-fighters can be both users and operators. 316

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 317

4.1. General. The Tactical Microgrid (TMG) is the essential tool needed to reduce fuel 318 consumption while producing and distributing mission critical electricity on the battlefield. The 319 TMG must have the ability to produce and distribute electricity in a tactical environment 320 effectively, and efficiently to enable the Warfighter to meet mission needs. This section provides 321 general requirements for tactical microgrid interface and design to meet this need. 322

4.2. Types of Tactical Microgrid Equipment. There are basic components necessary for a 323 tactical microgrid. Each component or end item has specific functions to enable the microgrid to 324 function. These components are classified in para 1.4 and Table 1-1. The basic functions and 325 requirements are summarized in the following paragraphs. 326

4.2.1. Type I - Power Generation Sources. Type I - Power Generation Sources are end items 327 designed to produce electricity for the TMG. Each item has the capability to operate as an 328 individual power source or can be synchronized to provide power as a TMG. As an individual 329 power source, they can be used to provide power to a single load such as a shelter or radar 330 system. As an element of the TMG, multiple power sources can be synchronized and controlled 331 to turn on and off based on the load on the TMG. Type I equipment includes, but is not limited 332 to, typical diesel engine driven generator sets, alternative energy power sources such as solar, 333 wind, fuel cells, etc. and hybrids. 334

4.2.2. Type II – Energy Storage Systems. Type II – Energy Storage Systems provide stability 335 to the TMG during transitions and peak shaving. Energy storage systems shall provide power 336 during the period when additional power is necessary but the power source has not been added to 337 the grid. In addition, energy storage systems shall function as an uninterruptable power supply 338 (UPS) or as a hybrid when paired with a power source for individual loads. Energy storage 339 systems shall include energy conversion to enable individual operation or connection to the 340 TMG. Individual operation means not functioning as part of the TMG but can function when 341 connected to a load. 342

4.2.3. Type III – Feeder Systems. Type III – Feeder Systems are a type of distribution 343 equipment which provide the interface or connection points to the TMG for the other types TMG 344 equipment. Feeder systems define the TMG grid itself. They can be added or subtracted to 345 define the electrical bus necessary to provide the power to the loads directly or through the 346 distribution systems. They can also provide energy conversion of power sources into the TMG 347 or loads out of the TMG. Feeder systems shall include the ability to manage the circuits through 348 independent control or through the use of Type V – Control Systems equipment. Feeder systems 349 shall have metering and monitoring systems incorporated to enable the Warfighter to manually 350 control the system and to automatically control the system using Type V Control Systems 351

4.2.4. Type IV – Distribution Systems. Type IV – Distribution Systems provide the power 352 from the TMGs through the Type III – Feeder Systems to loads which require individual circuits 353 for standard lighting and standard duplex receptacles. Type II equipment can be individual items 354 or integrated into various shelters. Distribution systems shall include the ability to manage the 355 circuits through independent control or through the use of Type V – Control Systems equipment. 356 Distribution systems shall have metering and monitoring systems incorporated to enable the 357 Warfighter to manually control the system and to automatically control the system using the 358 Type V Control Systems. 359

4.2.5. Type V – Control Systems. Type V – Control Systems provide power management for 360 the TMG. Control systems monitor various parameters of the TMG, such as current, and add or 361 subtract power generation sources and/or add or subtract load to ensure power is available. 362 Control systems shall monitor and protect the system in the event of overload or faults. Control 363 systems shall reside as an individual item or be built into the various types of TMG equipment. 364

4.2.6. Type VI – Loads. Type VI – Loads consume the power provided by the TMG. Standard 365 loads consume power but do not communicate with the TMG. Smart loads also consume power 366 but can communicate with the TMG to protect the TMG. Smart loads allow the TMG controller 367 to control their loads to prevent the grid from being overloaded. In addition, smart loads can 368 notify the TMG controller about their pending activation. This notification will allow the TMG 369 controller to ensure adequate power is available on the TMG for the additional load. 370

4.2.7. Type VII – Power Conversion. Type VII – Power Conversion systems enable Type I 371

Power sources and Type II Energy Storage systems which produce different voltages and/or are 372 Direct Current (DC), to connect to the TMG feeder bus. These systems convert the 373 source/storage power to the common TMG bus AC voltage. These system can be separate items 374 or can be integrated into the source/storage systems they support. 375

4.3. Interoperability. Individual equipment types specified above, shall communicate, and 376 interact with one another in order to interoperate as a TMG, regardless of manufacturer or 377 version, and without the need for operator intervention. Interactions include but are not limited 378 to starting and shutdown, synchronization, grid connection/disconnection, parallel operation to 379 include proper load sharing, load management, etc. Each item shall have standard power and 380 communication connections to enable this interoperability. 381

4.4. Standalone Use. 382

4.4.1. Type I Power Generation Sources and Type II Energy Storage Equipment. Type I Power 383 Generation Sources and Type II Energy Storage equipment shall be capable of operating 384 independently to provide power in a standalone or spot generation configuration. Power 385 generation sources and energy storage systems will be operated independent of the TMG for 386 loads not on the TMG. 387

4.4.2. Type III Feeder and Type IV Distribution Systems Equipment. Type III Feeder and IV 388 Distribution Systems equipment shall be capable of operation in an independent mode when they 389 are independent of a TMG. Feeder and Distribution systems will be operated independent of the 390 TMG if separated by a fault in the TMG or when providing power distribution for a standalone 391 power source. In addition, Type III and Type IV equipment shall be capable or operating in a 392 manual mode if automatic control is lost. 393

4.5. Degraded Operation. The TMG shall have the ability to degrade operations when 394 experiencing grid instability, faults, or failures. The TMG shall be capable of autonomous and 395 operator-implemented degraded operation during loss of communication events, equipment 396 failures, and emergency conditions. These capabilities include selective isolation of equipment 397 and segmentation of the grid into two or more smaller microgrids. The minimum degradation 398 will be to disable the TMG controls and operate components in spot generation configurations. 399

4.6. Monitoring and Control. All types of TMG equipment shall provide status, configuration 400 data, and control for individual equipment and the overall TMG to system operators. Access to 401 this data and information shall be provided through human machine interfaces on the individual 402 equipment and remote interfaces such as the Energy Informed Operations (EIO) dashboard or a 403 standard notebook computer. 404

4.7. Cybersecurity. Cybersecurity is essential to the operation of the TMG. Although the 405 ability to apply firmware/software upgrades is necessary, individual equipment shall be protected 406 from the introduction of malicious firmware/software into the systems directly or through remote 407 interfaces. 408 All types of TMG equipment shall conform to DOD Cybersecurity policy as specified in DODI 409

8500.01. Specific policy areas include: Risk Management, Operational Resilience, Integration 410 and Interoperability, Cyberspace Defense, Performance, Identity Assurance, and Information 411 Technology. 412

4.7.1. Risk Management Framework (RMF). Individual types of TMG equipment as well as 413 the overall TMG, shall comply with DOD Risk Management Framework policy defined in DODI 414

8510.01. The RMF shall be based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology 415 (NIST), RMF including Special Publication (SP) 800-39 Managing Information Security Risk: 416 Organization, Mission, and Information System View, SP 800-53 Rev. 5 Security and Privacy 417 Controls for Information Systems and Organizations, and SP 800-82 Rev. 2 Guide to Industrial 418 Control Systems (ICS) Security. The RMF applies across the System Development Lifecycle 419 (SDLC) of the individual items and how they communicate within the TMG. Applying 420 standards-based cybersecurity as early as possible in the SDLC can also help improve its 421 effectiveness at a reduced cost compared to waiting until later phases in the lifecycle. 422

4.7.2. Operational Resilience. Individual types of TMG equipment as well as the overall TMG, 423 shall ensure information, data, and services are available to other elements of the TMG. 424 Technology components (e.g., hardware and software) shall have the ability to reconfigure, 425 optimize, and recover with defense in depth. Attempts made to reconfigure, and recover shall be 426 logged in an audit file. 427

4.7.3. Access to firmware/software. Access control methods and procedures shall be 428 implemented to mitigate cyber threats to individual equipment. Strong identities, assured access, 429 trustworthy logging, and integrity-protected operations form the core list identified and defined 430 within this document: 431

a. Strong identities help maintain a trustworthy sense of what people, processes, and 432 devices are taking action within the system. 433

b. Assured access helps guarantee that authorized identities have appropriate access to 434 system resources in order to, for example, initiate commands or collect telemetry. 435

c. Trustworthy logging allows TMG Operators to operate and troubleshoot a running 436 system and cyber analysts to perform forensic analysis after a cyber-event has been 437 detected. 438

d. Integrity-protected operations ensure the trustworthiness of data and operations 439 within the system and help assure that accidental and malicious changes to the system 440 are detectable. 441

4.8. Tactical Microgrid Architecture. The components of the Tactical Microgrid are required 442 to interface with one another through a common power bus and microgrid control system 443 communications bus. The basic architecture is shown in Figure 1 Tactical Microgrid Schematic. 444 All types of TMG equipment shall conform to the following architecture requirements. 445

4.8.1. Common Microgrid Control System. Type V Control Systems shall interface with other 446 types of TMG equipment to provide automatic microgrid control of those devices. The control 447 communications shall be accomplished over an OSI Layer 1 medium that is capable of Ethernet 448 transmission. Standard connectors and cabling shall withstand environmental characteristics 449 specified herein. The communication bus shall be capable of being disconnected without 450 interrupting the operation of the TMG. 451

4.8.2. Common Microgrid Monitoring System. All types of TMG equipment shall have the 452 capability to provide operational data to a central monitoring system using an OSI Layer 1 453 medium that is capable of Ethernet transmission. Standard connectors and cabling shall 454 withstand environmental characteristics specified herein. The communication bus shall be 455 capable of being disconnected without interrupting the operation of the TMG. 456

4.8.3. Levels of Control. The Tactical Microgrid equipment shall have internal controls and be 457 capable of accepting TMG control from outside sources. The internal equipment controls enable 458 the individual equipment to perform their functions independent from a TMG. The TMG control 459 enables the primary functions of the TMG to be accomplished while connected to the individual 460 components. In order to prevent control issues, the TMG level of control shall not override the 461 internal control functions of the equipment. TMG level control shall activate/deactivate local 462 equipment controls to meet TMG functionality. 463

4.8.4. Tactical Microgrid Control (TMC) Redundancy. Electricity is mission critical in many 464 TMG applications. The TMG must provide continuous, reliable and stable electricity to the user. 465

Figure 1 - Tactical Microgrid Schematic

Type V Control Systems equipment provide the TMC. To ensure TMG reliability and stability, 466 there is a need to have redundant TMCs. Redundancy is accomplished by incorporating Master 467 and Standby modes into the TMC. This redundancy enables a second TMCs, operating in 468 standby mode, to maintain TMG function when the TMC in the master mode fails. The 469 relationship between TMCs is: 470

• All TMCs receive data from all devices. 471

• Only the TMC in the master mode can send commands or setting changes. 472

• Devices reject commands from other TMCs. 473

• Failure of the TMC in the master mode shall trigger the automatic selection of a different 474 TMC to operate in the master mode. TMCs in standby mode shall monitor the TMC in 475 the master mode commands and setting changes in order to maintain a stable grid when 476 they become active. The TMCs in standby mode will automatically take control using 477 these commands and settings until new commands and settings become necessary based 478 on operational data. 479

4.8.4.1.Protection coordination. All microgrid devices have some level of automated, threshold-480 based fault protection. Protection coordination sequences contactors and engages loads/sources 481 for power system black-start, circuit partitioning, and circuit re-closing. Protection coordination 482 also monitors power flows to prevent an over-current condition on a Type III feeder or Type IV 483 distribution bus. 484

4.8.5. Communications Architecture. All devices operating on the Tactical Microgrid shall 485 operate on a common Ethernet communications network. The selected communication protocols 486 are shown in Table 4.1. 487

Table 4-1: Tactical Microgrid Communications Stack (TMCS) 488

Layer TMS Implementation

Applications Microgrid Control

Data Objects TMCS Data Objects

Middleware Data Distribution Service (DDS)

Transport User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Network Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

Physical Ethernet (802.3)

4.9.Data Model. The data model is defined in terms of data flows and data types. Data flows 489 define the motion of messages while data types define the contents of messages, as some tactical 490 microgrid functions require coordination between devices. 491

The TMS data model includes all messages sent among TMS devices. These messages 492 are used to communicate all system health, status, command, and control information. They are 493 also recommended for communications with external networks. 494

The data model provides a common language used by all TMS devices. It is platform 495 independent to allow flexibility in device design and implementation. It contains detailed data 496 flow and data type definitions to guarantee interoperability between devices, regardless of make 497 or mode. 498

The data model allows for design and implementation flexibility while still taking into 499 account such considerations as security, performance, simplicity, interoperability, and 500 extensibility. 501

Tactical microgrid devices shall use this data model to implement all functions defined in 502 this standard. Having a common data model is essential for interoperability between devices. 503 Tactical microgrid devices may additionally use other communications to implement functions 504 not defined in this standard. If such additional communications add functionality that is within 505 the scope of this standard, then they should be proposed for inclusion in future revisions of this 506 standard. 507

The roles and responsibilities for the TMG elements are defined in Section 5.3, with 508 technical requirements defined in the appendices. Additional details are specified in the 509 accompanying Implementation Guide. 510

4.9.1. Device Identity. In the TMS data model, every device shall have a unique identity, 511 assigned by an Identity, which is bound to a single, specific device role that has a number of 512 built-in requirements and permissions. This approach simplifies the communications by 513 preventing any ambiguity about how roles may interact. Under all circumstances, every TMS 514 device role shall have its own unique Fingerprint. Since there will likely be multiple devices 515 assigned to the same role, such as generators, the Fingerprint data type assigns a unique identity 516 to each device, regardless of the device role. Data Types, such as Fingerprint, are discussed in 517 Appendix A and Appendix B. 518

4.9.2. Device Roles. Device roles are defined building blocks within the TMS that provide 519 modularized functionality. Each role is assigned based upon the device’s capabilities in the 520 TMS. Each device role is pre-defined in both functionality and power/communication interfaces 521 to provide modular flexibility. Pre-defined components and interfaces allow customizable 522 modularity in each TMS system to meet the unique needs of each microgrid installation. By 523 using the device roles to define specific functionalities in the microgrid, any number of devices, 524 regardless of capacity size, can be procured and assembled into a single TMS that meets the 525 mission needs. There are two types of device roles in TMS: Control Services and Power 526

Devices. Figure 2 below, shows the relationship between these roles. 527

Figure 2 TMS Device Roles 529

4.9.3.