MIL-STD-1411B_8_June_2010.pdf

AMSC N/A FSC 8120

INCH-POUND

MIL-STD-1411B

8 June 2010

SUPERSEDING

MIL-STD-1411A

22 July 2002

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

STANDARD PRACTICE

INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF

COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS

ii

FOREWORD

1. This standard practice is approved for use by all departments and agencies of the Department of Defense (DoD).

2. MIL-STD-1411B, "Inspection and Maintenance of Compressed Gas Cylinders", presents definitions, general requirements, and detailed procedures for the inspection, maintenance, and recharging of government-owned cylinders for the procurement of compressed gases. The standard presents guidelines that recognize and define precise variations from plant to plant. It is a standard practice for the inspection and maintenance of compressed gas cylinders, which are defined in procurement specifications that may present confusing or unclear inspection and maintenance methods. It is intended to resolve problems encountered by compressed gas suppliers and government procurement and inspection activities in agreeing on acceptable procedures for servicing compressed gas containers.

3. MIL-STD-1411B addresses receiving and serviceability inspection and sets standards for acceptance and rejection of gas cylinders. It establishes procedures for internal and external maintenance. It classifies and details the recharging of cylinders and the purging and evacuating of air and residual gas from previous charging. Details are presented as guidelines for cylinder handling.

4. Instructions are given for condemnation and disposal of cylinders declared to be unfit for further use as pressure vessels.

5. The intent of this document is to provide government agencies and the compressed gas industry supporting the government with a standard practice for cylinder inspection and maintenance that is compatible with government requirements as well as industry practice.

6. This revision has resulted in many changes but the most significant are:

a. Revised sections of this document, where applicable, to include the use of ultrasonic examination (UE) for compressed gas cylinder inspection and maintenance. The primary focus of this revision was to prescribe which instances UE may or may not be used in lieu of the currently required hydrostatic testing, as well as any additional inspection or preparatory requirements necessary to insure continued safe use, reliability and cylinder longevity.

b. Added paragraph 5.3.2.1, requiring cylinder neck threads to be cleaned upon the removal of a valve and prior to any subsequent process.

c. Revised paragraph 5.3.2.6.3 to limit the use of anti-seize thread compound for valve installation and require valve inlet threads to be cleaned prior to applying tape or thread compound.

d. Revised paragraph 5.4.1 to increase the required number of pre-charging evacuations for cylinders in aviator breathing oxygen (ABO) service to three.

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7. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to the Defense Supply Center Richmond, ATTN: DSCR-VEB, 8000 Jefferson Davis Highway, Richmond, VA 23297-5616 or emailed to STDZNMGT@dla.mil. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST database at https://assist.daps.dla.mil/.

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CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH PAGE

FOREWORD ....................................................................................................... ii

1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 Procedures

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General

2.2 Government documents

2.2.1 Specifications and standards

2.2.2 Other government publications

2.3 Non-government publications

2.4 Order of precedence

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Acetylene cylinders

3.2 Authorized repair and rebuild facilities

3.3 Borescope

3.4 Calibrated cylinder

3.4.1 Calibrated cylinder for hydrostatic testing

3.4.2 Calibrated cylinder for ultrasonic examination (UE)

3.5 Color code

3.6 Composite and fiberglass containers

3.7 Compressed Gas Association (CGA)

3.8 Compressed gas cylinders

3.9 Compressed gases

3.10 Condemned cylinders

3.11 Cryogenic fluids

3.12 Cylinder service pressure and proof pressure

3.13 Cylinders subjected to fire

3.14 Department of Transportation (DOT)

3.15 Disposable cylinders

3.16 Dissolved gas

3.17 Drawn seamless cylinders

3.18 Filling density

3.19 Hydrostatic testing

3.20 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

3.21 Medical gases

3.22 Nonshatterability

3.23 Office of Hazardous Materials Safety

3.24 Periodic test status

3.25 Permanent and liquefied gases

3.26 Pressure relief device (PRD)

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CONTENTS

3.27 Product item description (PID)

3.28 Registered facility

3.29 Spun cylinders

3.30 Tare weight (TW)

3.31 Ultrasonic examination (UE)

3.32 Water capacity

3.33 Welded and brazed cylinders

3.34 Wire wrapped cylinders

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Standard procedures

4.1.1 Receiving inspection

4.1.1.1 Rejection and condemnation

4.1.2 Serviceability inspection

4.1.2.1 Rejection and condemnation

4.1.3 Maintenance

4.1.3.1 Rejected and condemned cylinders

4.1.4 Cylinder charging

4.1.4.1 Rejection and condemnation

4.2 Special procedures

5. DETAIL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Receiving inspection

5.1.1 Cylinder identification permanent markings

5.1.1.1 Serial number

5.1.1.2 DOT specification and service pressure

5.1.1.3 Identification symbol

5.1.1.4 Government ownership

5.1.1.5 Nonshatterability (NONSHAT)

5.1.1.6 Tare weight

5.1.1.7 Water capacity

5.1.1.8 Periodic test status

5.1.2 Dimensions

5.1.3 Color code, paint, and stenciling

5.1.4 Cylinder valve protection cap

5.1.5 Cylinder valves

5.1.6 Change in service

5.1.7 Damaged cylinders

5.1.8 Foreign cylinders

5.1.9 Substandard cylinders

5.1.10 Recording of services at receiving inspection

5.2 Serviceability inspection

5.2.1 Residual gas and moisture control

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5.2.2 External inspection

5.2.2.1 Paint inspection

5.2.2.2 Valve protection cap inspection

5.2.3 Valves and PRDs

5.2.3.1 PRDs

5.2.3.1.1 PRD CG-1 (rupture disk)

5.2.3.1.2 PRD CG-2 and CG-3 (fusible plug)

5.2.3.1.3 PRD CG-4 and CG-5 (combination rupture disk-fusible plug)

5.2.3.1.4 PRD CG-7 (spring loaded, reseating PRD)

5.2.4 Inspection of flanges

5.2.5 Inspection of footrings

5.2.6 Periodic test date inspection

5.2.6.1 Hydrostatic testing or UE

5.2.6.2 External visual inspection

5.2.7 General internal cylinder evaluation

5.2.7.1 Hammer test

5.2.7.2 Odor test

5.2.7.2.1 Odor test procedure

5.2.7.2.2 Classification of odor

5.2.7.2.3 Odor detection personnel

5.2.8 Sulfur hexafluoride cylinder internal inspection

5.2.9 Chlorine cylinder internal inspection

5.2.10 Rejection and condemnation

5.2.11 Recording of required services at serviceability inspection

5.3 Cylinder maintenance

5.3.1 Periodic testing

5.3.1.1 Hydrostatic test and UE

5.3.1.1.1 Special filling limit test

5.3.1.1.2 Ten-year periodic test

5.3.1.2 External visual inspection

5.3.2 General cylinder maintenance

5.3.2.1 Neck threads cleaning

5.3.2.2 Droplight testing

5.3.2.2.1 Light source

5.3.2.2.2 Test procedure

5.3.2.2.3 Inspection of blind area

5.3.2.2.4 Interpretation of visual inspection

5.3.2.3 Cylinder structural maintenance

5.3.2.3.1 Government cylinders DOT 3A and DOT 3AA

5.3.2.3.2 Government cylinders DOT 4 and DOT 8

5.3.2.3.3 Heat treatment of cylinders

5.3.2.4 Internal cylinder surface cleaning

5.3.2.4.1 Aqueous solution detergent washing

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5.3.2.4.1.1 Procedure

5.3.2.4.1.2 Alternate procedure

5.3.2.4.2 Organic solvent washing

5.3.2.4.3 Vapor degreasing of cylinders

5.3.2.4.3.1 Procedure for vapor degreasing

5.3.2.4.4 Mechanical cylinder cleaning

5.3.2.4.4.1 Shot blast

5.3.2.4.4.2 Rolling iron abrasives

5.3.2.4.4.3 Mandrel and chain

5.3.2.4.5 Heat treatment cleaning

5.3.2.4.5.1 Procedure

5.3.2.5 Internal cylinder drying

5.3.2.5.1 Ambient air drying

5.3.2.5.2 Hot nitrogen gas drying

5.3.2.5.3 Vacuum and heat drying

5.3.2.6 Valves and PRDs

5.3.2.6.1 Valve maintenance

5.3.2.6.1.1 Handwheels, packing glands, bonnet nuts, and valve seats

5.3.2.6.1.2 Valve inlet and outlet connections

5.3.2.6.1.3 Valve outlet caps and plugs

5.3.2.6.2 PRDs

5.3.2.6.3 Valve installation

5.3.2.6.4 Valve replacement and disposal

5.3.2.6.5 Cylinder plugs in lieu of valve

5.3.3 General maintenance of acetylene cylinders

5.3.3.1 Acetone adjustment

5.3.4 Chlorine cylinder maintenance

5.3.5 Special handling

5.3.6 External cylinder surface maintenance

5.3.6.1 Cylinder valve protection caps

5.3.6.2 Paint, decal, and rust removal

5.3.6.2.1 Release of compressed gas in 150 °F stripping solution

5.3.6.2.2 Caustic stripping

5.3.6.2.3 Water rinsing of caustic solutions

5.3.6.3 Metal surface pretreatment

5.3.6.4 Prime coating

5.3.6.5 Finish coating

5.3.6.6 Touch-up painting

5.4 Cylinder charging

5.4.1 Charging cylinders with permanent gas (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, helium, air, and carbon monoxide) viii

5.4.2 Charging cylinders with liquefied gases

5.4.2.1 Charging ammonia cylinders

5.4.2.2 Charging chlorine cylinders

5.4.2.3 Charging fluorocarbon refrigerant cylinders

5.4.2.4 Charging cylinders with LPG

5.4.2.5 Charging cylinders with fuel gas mixtures

5.4.2.6 Charging carbon dioxide cylinders

5.4.2.7 Charging sulfur hexafluoride cylinders

5.4.3 Charging cylinders with acetylene

5.4.4 Leakage test

5.4.4.1 Leak testing for aviator's breathing oxygen (ABO) cylinders

5.4.5 Special tag for filled cylinders procured by the military medical services...44

6. NOTES

6.1 Intended use

6.2 Subject term (key word) listing

6.3 Changes from previous issue

TABLES

I PRD designations II Inspection and maintenance procedure III K factor and maximum elastic expansion (EE)

l. SCOPE

1.1 Scope. This standard defines the requirements and procedures for the inspection, maintenance, and charging of government-owned cylinders by gas suppliers. This standard is intended to assure that the cylinders are serviced to meet safety standards and to assure that the quality of the gas supplied is not degraded by a government container. This standard is also applicable to cylinders that require reconditioning, repair, and rebuilding to assure a level of renewal that meets the needs of the government and industry in gas handling. This standard is also to be a guide when cylinders are sorted, graded, and classified for storage, salvage, or disposal in depot facilities.

1.1.1 Procedures. Procedures should be as follows:

a. Receiving inspection.

b. Serviceability inspection.

c. Cylinder and valve maintenance and repair.

d. Cylinder purging and recharging.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed.

2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and standards form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

FEDERAL SPECIFICATION

TT-C-490 - Chemical Conversion Coatings and Pretreatments for

Ferrous Surfaces (Base for Organic Coatings)

FEDERAL STANDARD

FED-STD-595 - Colors Used in Government Procurement

COMMERICAL ITEM DESCRIPTIONS

A-A-3165 - Lacquer, Gloss, for Aircraft Use A-A-58092 - Tape, Antiseize, Polytetrafluorethylene A-A-59860 - Valves, Cylinder, Gas (for Compressed or Liquefied Gases)

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS

MIL-C-8514 - Coating Compound, Metal Pretreatment, Resin-Acid DOD-P-15328 - Primer (Wash), Pretreatment (Formula No. 117 for Metals)

(Metric) MIL-DTL-17376/1 - Caps and Flanges, Compressed-Gas Cylinder: Caps MIL-DTL-17376/3 - Caps and Flanges, Compressed-Gas Cylinder: Flanges, High

Pressure MIL-PRF-25567 - Leak Detection Compound, Oxygen Systems MS26545 - Cylinders; Steel; Compressed Gas; Non-Shatterable; Seamless;

1800 PSI, and 2100 PSI

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD

MIL-STD-101 - Color Code for Pipelines and for Compressed Gas Cylinders

(Copies of these documents are available online at https://assist.daps.dla.mil/ or from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

2.2.2 Other government publications. The following other government publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT)

DOT-SP 14313

(Copies of this document are available online at http://hazmat.dot.gov/sp_app/special_permits/spec_perm_index.htm or from the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety, Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration, Department of Transportation, Attention: PHH-31, Washington, D.C. 20590.)

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA)

NASA-STD-6001 - Flammability, Odor, Offgassing, and Compatibility

Requirements and Test Procedures for Materials in Environments that Support Combustion

(Copies of this document are available online at http://standards.nasa.gov/ or from NASA Technical Standards, EL01, MSFC, AL 35801 (Phone: 205-544-2448).)

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR)

49 CFR 173 - Shippers - General Requirements for Shipments and

Packagings 49 CFR 178 - Specifications for Packagings

(Copies of these documents are available online at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/ or from the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954.)

2.3 Non-government publications. The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL

ASTM D2029 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Content of

Electrical Insulating Gases by Measurement of Dew Point ASTM D2200 - Standard Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation

Standards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces

(Copies of these documents are available from http://www.astm.org/ or from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.)

COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. (CGA)

CGA C-1 - Methods for Hydrostatic Testing of Compressed Gas Cylinders CGA C-5 - Wall Stress Requalification Criteria for High Pressure

Seamless Steel Cylinders CGA C-6 - Standards for Visual Inspection of Steel Compressed Gas

Cylinders CGA C-20 - Methods for Ultrasonic Examination of Metallic, DOT and TC

3-Series Gas Cylinders and Tubes CGA G-4.1 - Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Service CGA S-1.1 - Pressure Relief Device Standards – Part 1 – Cylinders for

Compressed Gases CGA TB-17 - Test Methods for Evaluating Paints and Coatings on Refillable

Steel Compressed Gas Cylinders CGA V-1 - Standard for Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and Inlet

Connections

(Copies of these documents are available from http://www.cganet.com/ or from the Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923.)

MASTER PAINTERS INSTITUTE (MPI)

MPI Reference 9 - Exterior Alkyd Enamel

(Copies of this document are available from http://www.paintinfo.com/mpi/ or from Painting & Decorating Contractors of America - National Office (PDCA), 3913 Old Lee Highway, Suite 33- B, Fairfax, VA 22030-2433.)

2.4 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Acetylene cylinders. Acetylene cylinders are fabricated in accordance with DOT 8 or DOT 8AL specifications. They are low-pressure cylinders limited in service pressure to 250 psig and equipped with PRDs that will melt at 212 °F to relieve internal pressure in case of excessive heat or fire. Acetylene is a flammable gas that will detonate on impact. Because of this property, the compressed acetylene gas must be finely divided and cushioned if safe handling is to be achieved. An efficient way to meet this requirement is to dissolve acetylene gas in a liquid. Acetone is the solvent of choice. For increased safety and to guard against separation of a volume of acetylene, the steel cylinder is filled with a porous inert material. An acetylene cylinder charged with acetone, under 250 psig pressure, will absorb up to 400 times the volume of the liquid acetone in acetylene gas.

3.2 Authorized repair and rebuild facilities. 49 CFR limits repair and rebuild activities very specifically. Repair and rebuilding can only be performed by a manufacturer of these types of DOT cylinders or by a repair facility approved by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC 20590-0001.

3.3 Borescope. A borescope is an inspection device that can be of great assistance in inspecting questionable cylinders. This optical device, which is similar to a periscope, can, by a system of lenses, mirrors, and high intensity light, effectively place the eye inside the cylinder and even magnify the surface under inspection.

SAFETY PRECAUTION: Any light source that enters the cylinder must be one designed for use in an explosive environment.

3.4 Calibrated cylinder. A calibrated cylinder is a device used to insure that measurements made by cylinder testing equipment are accurate to an established standard. A calibrated cylinder is an instrument of calibration and must be handled with care to guard against dents, over-pressurizing, and corrosion.

3.4.1 Calibrated cylinder for hydrostatic testing. The calibrated cylinder used in hydrostatic testing is a cylinder that has been pre-stressed until the expansion pattern becomes reproducible up to a given predetermined pressure. A cylinder with known expansion characteristics for given pressures is used as a standard to calibrate a hydrostatic test setup.

3.4.2 Calibrated cylinder for ultrasonic examination (UE). The calibrated cylinder used in UE is typically a section of an actual cylinder that is used as a means of providing ultrasonic reflections of known characteristics. This is accomplished by precisely machining specified defects into the selected cylinder that simulate areas of corrosion, isolated pits, line corrosion, and cracks. Cylinders with these simulated defects are used for the calibration of the UE system.

3.5 Color code. The government has developed its own system of color-coding for its pipeline and compressed gas cylinders under MIL-STD-101. These color identification codes are mandatory along with the name of the gas, as applicable, stenciled longitudinally and opposite on the exterior surfaces of a government-owned cylinder. When vendor-owned cylinders are used, MIL-STD-101 is not mandatory, except for medical gas cylinders, which are always color coded in accordance with MIL-STD-101.

3.6 Composite and fiberglass containers. Composite containers are generally cylindrical in design with enough metal in the sidewalls and heads to withstand the longitudinal stress of internal pressure ratings. The hoop stress of the cylinder is shared with fiberglass wrappings closely adhering to the exterior walls. High strength-to-density ratios are achieved by adding multiple layers of fiberglass filament at controlled tension and bonded into a composite unit with epoxy resin. The whole structure must be protected against moisture penetration to assure a stable design and extended life. The composite must undergo hydrostatic testing intact because removal of the fiberglass reinforcement would destroy the strength designed into the vessel.

Fiberglass containers are also manufactured with gas-tight liners in which the liners are not depended upon to ensure the integrity of the pressure vessel.

3.7 Compressed Gas Association (CGA). The CGA is an industry association that is actively involved in preparing safety standards for the handling and shipping of compressed gases. Important CGA pamphlets that are referenced in 49 CFR include CGA C-1 and CGA C-6. These documents are also referenced in this standard. Other CGA documents are referenced as applicable.

3.8 Compressed gas cylinders. Compressed gas cylinders are closely regulated by specification for construction and test in 49 CFR 178, subpart C. The government uses seamless cylinders in all high pressure applications (above 900 psig service pressures) and in some low pressure applications, such as in chlorine service. Seamless cylinders may be fabricated by billet piercing and plate drawing or by spinning processes in accordance with DOT 3A and DOT 3AA specifications. The government generally uses DOT 4 and DOT 8 cylinders in low pressure applications (not to exceed 500 psig). They are fabricated by welding or brazing shells drawn from plate stock for specified maximum service pressures.

3.9 Compressed gases. Compressed gases are defined as elements or compounds and mixtures of elements or compounds that will be contained in the gaseous state with a gauge pressure of at least 25 psig at 70 °F or 119 psig at 130 °F. If the gas is flammable, the lower pressure limit is 25 psig at 100 °F.

3.10 Condemned cylinders. Condemned cylinders will be forwarded to the Inventory Manager (IM) and Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO), or as directed by contract for degrading and disposal. Condemned cylinders will include cylinders that are degraded by damage, corrosion, exposure to fire, cylinders specifically listed by government or industry standards as cylinders not in accordance with current DOT regulations, or cylinders that have failed hydrostatic testing or UE. Condemned cylinders also include the rejected cylinder that cannot be maintained or repaired and returned to useful service.

3.11 Cryogenic fluids. Cryogenic fluids are defined as permanent compressed gases that have been cooled below their boiling point (below -150 °F) and liquefied. Evaporation of the integral fluid and insulated containers maintain the stability of cryogenic fluids in storage.

Examples are liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.

3.12 Cylinder service pressure and proof pressure. The service pressure for each cylinder is permanently marked on the cylinder immediately following the DOT specification (DOT 3AA 2015 or DOT 4BA 240). For the purpose of this document, high-pressure cylinders are those with a marked service pressure of 900 psig or greater; low-pressure cylinders are those with a marked service pressure less than 900 psig. At manufacture, each cylinder is tested at its proof pressure. The service pressure is the maximum pressure for a given cylinder in normal gas service. The proof pressure is the pressure (5/3 x service pressure) at which a cylinder is hydrostatically tested. Low-pressure cylinders may be proof tested at two times the service pressure in accordance with the modified hydrostatic test method listed in 49 CFR 178.814. The working pressure of cylinders charged with permanent gasses will drop as the contents are released. Cylinders charged with liquefied gas will hold a constant working pressure related to the temperature and the vapor pressure for the specific liquefied gas as long as liquid remains in the cylinder.

3.13 Cylinders subjected to fire. Government cylinders subjected to fire are not returned to service, however, commercial cylinders neither over 0.25 percent carbon nor over 0.90 percent manganese need not be reheat-treated, but must pass hydrostatic retest. Acetylene cylinders neither over 0.25 percent carbon nor over 0.90 percent manganese are inspected for damage to the porous filler. If no damage is found in the shell and the porous filler is undamaged, the cylinder may be returned to service without reheat treatment or hydrostatic test.

All other cylinders are reheat-treated, reconditioned, and tested in accordance with 49 CFR 173.34g before returning to gas service.

3.14 Department of Transportation (DOT). DOT is the federal agency responsible for the requirements of shipping hazardous materials, including compressed and liquefied gases. In this capacity, DOT maintains Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which covers most of the detailed shipping requirements for compressed gases. Additional regulations for air and sea shipments are included in Titles 14 and 46, respectively. Government cylinders are considered subject to the CFR by this standard, however, the CFR provides special allowance for emergency military shipments. Special privilege in no way relieves the military of certifying the safety of these shipments. The responsibility for 49 CFR, formerly maintained by the Interstate Commerce Commission, has been transferred to the Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, which is part of the Department of Transportation. Therefore, all ICC prefixes for cylinder specifications remain acceptable and all new cylinders will be marked with DOT prefixes

(see 5.1.1.2). Prefix, specification, and service pressure (ICC 3AA 2015 or DOT 3AA 2015) will be marked in accordance with the current issue of 49 CFR, as applicable.

3.15 Disposable cylinders. Disposable cylinders are fabricated for a specific gas distribution. They are fabricated and used in accordance with the DOT 39 specification.

Disposable cylinders are low-pressure containers and are tested at the vapor pressure of the gas of intended use at 130 °F or at 180 psig, whichever is greater. Cylinders of each lot are pressure tested to destruction, which cannot occur at less than two times the test pressure in any application. Disposable cylinders are fabricated for one-trip use from the commodity supplier to utilization by the user.

3.16 Dissolved gas. A dissolved gas is defined as a compressed gas that will be absorbed or will be dissolved in a liquefied medium. Acetylene gas dissolved in acetone is a system that will dissolve as much as 400 volumes of acetylene gas in one volume of acetone liquid under 250 psig of gas pressure at 70 °F.

3.17 Drawn seamless cylinders. Drawn seamless cylinders are made by heating a billet of steel and piercing it with a mandrel. The cylinder is progressively drawn by hydraulic press to the desired shell size. Drawn seamless cylinders are also made from pre-cut steel disks and drawn in hydraulic presses to the desired size and shape. The wall thickness is controlled in accordance with the DOT 3A or DOT 3AA specification for a given service pressure application.

The shell is again heated and spun as a swinging arbor shapes the shoulder and neck for closure of the upper end. The neck is drilled and tapped and fitted with a valve as applicable for intended use. Low-pressure seamless cylinders may have a foot ring welded directly to the bottom of the pressure bearing portion of the cylinder for protection against wear and for stability. High-pressure cylinders cannot be welded or heated after fabrication at any time, except by the manufacturer of similar cylinders. Neck rings are pressed and peened in place and are maintained without the use of heat.

3.18 Filling density. The term "filling density" should designate the percent ratio of the weight of gas in a container to the weight of water (water capacity) the container will hold at 60 °F. Percent filling density for a specific liquefied gas should be in accordance with 49 CFR.

To determine the actual filling density (amount of gas that will safely fill a specific cylinder), the water capacity of the cylinder is multiplied by the decimal equivalent of the percent filling density for the gas of intended use. This filling density, correctly applied, will protect a cylinder against the excessive pressures of thermal expansion up to 130 °F, either from the increased pressure from the gaseous state or from the fluid expansion of the liquid state, as applicable.

For example, the critical temperature for carbon dioxide with a filling density of 68 percent is

87.8 °F. Below 87.8 °F carbon dioxide will liquefy, but above 87.8 °F a liquid state cannot exist regardless of pressure. The filling density has been carefully selected for each liquefied gas to take into account potential safety hazards.

3.19 Hydrostatic testing. The hydrostatic pressure tests are performed on cylinders every five years for most services to determine fitness for further use. During the hydrostatic test, a cylinder is stressed with water pressure to a value determined by the cylinder specification and the marked service pressure. The total expansion of the cylinder and the value of permanent expansion after the pressure is released are recorded. The permanent expansion is subtracted from the total expansion to calculate the elastic expansion. An acceptable cylinder will have a permanent expansion less than ten percent of its total expansion. A proper hydrostatic test is the basis for a valid estimate of the average wall thickness of the cylinder, and therefore a measure of the erosion of the walls in corrosion processes. Hydrostatic pressure test procedures are defined under 49 CFR. Additional details for hydrostatic test procedures are presented in

CGA C-1.

3.20 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). LPG is a term defining certain combinations of hydrocarbon gases such as butane, propane, isobutane, and butane-propane as mixtures. These compounds, under their own contained vapor pressure, will maintain a liquid state at the temperature of 70 °F. LPGs are compounds with molecules containing three or four carbon chains and are the fraction of petroleum separation falling between the natural gases and the gasolines. Natural gas is made up of methane and ethane, one- and two-carbon chain molecules, which have high pressure properties. Longer chain molecules including the N-pentanes are removed with the gasolines. LPGs have specific gravities ranging from 0.300 to 0.630, with better than 95 percent falling between 0.508 and 0.584. Propane has a boiling point of -44 °F.

Liquefied propane in a container at 70 °F will maintain a pressure head of approximately 100 psig.

3.21 Medical gases. Gases used by the government medical services for medical purposes are oxygen, nitrous oxide, and ethylene oxide-dichlorodifluoromethane mixture (sterilant). Whenever appropriate in this standard, the term "medical gas" should alert the contractor to certain necessary precautions, particularly concerning materials employed in oxygen valves.

3.22 Nonshatterability identification. Nonshatterability is the property of the metal in a cylinder that causes it to remain in one piece rather than to fragment when a cylinder bursts from excessive pressure or when pierced by a high velocity projectile. Nonshatterable cylinders will be identified by one of the following markings stamped into the metal of the cylinder:

"NONSHATTERABLE", "NONSHAT", or "SHATTERPROOF". DOT 3AA cylinders 4 inches or larger in diameter are accepted as nonshatterable, and all cylinders manufactured after June 1944 stamped 51-C-31 (INT) or 51-C-31 are accepted as nonshatterable. Cylinders identified as SPS 844 (INT), SPS 1022 (INT), 51-C-26 (INT), 51-C-41 (INT), 51-C-26, and 51-C-27 should be considered nonshatterable. Other cylinders have been determined to be nonshatterable through testing procedures and are so marked (see 5.1.1.5).

3.23 Office of Hazardous Materials Safety. Important assignments for the compressed gas industry are the approval of cylinder repair, rebuild, remanufacture, and testing facilities, the approval of hydrostatic test and UE facilities for cylinder testing, the approval of pressure relief device (PRD) designs for pressure vessels, and the control of cylinder identification markings.

These responsibilities are assigned to the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety, Office of Hazardous Materials Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation under 49 CFR 173.300a and 49 CFR 173.34.

3.24 Periodic test status. Cylinders are periodically tested by hydrostatic test procedures, UE or subjected to an external visual examination. Cylinders should undergo periodic testing and hydrostatic testing according to 49 CFR 173.34. Periodic UE can be performed in lieu of hydrostatic testing when allowed by DOT special permit. The periodic cycle for UE is the same as that for hydrostatic testing for any given cylinder and gas service.

The government permits external visual examination of low-pressure cylinder services for LPGs and some fluorocarbon gas cylinders. These cylinders are permanently marked with the letter "E" after the date of the inspection. Certain low-pressure cylinders may be retested after 12 years, then every 7 years by the modified hydrostatic test method with the test followed by the symbol "S".

3.25 Permanent and liquefied gases. A permanent gas is defined as a compressed gas that will not liquefy between 25 psig and 2500 psig at 70 °F. These gases have boiling points below -150 °F. Examples are oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. A liquefied gas is defined as an element or compound that exists as a liquid at 70 °F under pressure ranging from 25 psig to 2500 psig. Examples are chlorine, propane, and fluorocarbon refrigerants.

3.26 Pressure relief device (PRD). The PRD is a pressure sensitive or a temperature sensitive mechanism that will protect the container against rupture by controlled release of the compressed gas. Release may be due to pressure rupture of a rupture disk or by pressure activating a spring-loaded relief valve. Release in the case of a fusible metal plug will be due to heat in the immediate environment greater than the melting point of the base metal (165 °F or 212 °F). A combination device made up of a disk backed with fusible metal is designed to be used where container contents will not be released unless the necessary heat to activate the fusible metal and pressure in the burst range of the disk exist at the same time. This provides better control over inadvertent loss of contents. A combination PRD is never used on containers approved for charging 10 percent above marked service pressure (see 5.3.1.1.1). Approved PRDs and applications are detailed in the CGA S-1.1. A-A-59860 outlines PRDs in government applications as identified in table I.

TABLE I. PRD designations.

PRD # CGA S-1.1 Type and description

0 - None required 1 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 1800 psig (12400 kPa) 2 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 2015 psig (13890 kPa) 3 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 2265 psig (15620 kPa) 4 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 2400 psig (16550 kPa) 5 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 3000 psig (20680 kPa) 6 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 3500 psig (24130 kPa) 7 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 4000 psig (27580 kPa) 8 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 4500 psig (31000 kPa) 9 CG-1 Rupture disk PRD-Service (cylinder) pressure of 6000 psig (41350 kPa)

10 - Prohibited1 11 CG-2 Fusible plug PRD for service (cylinder) pressures through 500 psig (3450 kPa), 165 °F (74 °C) nominal 12 CG-3 Fusible plug PRD for service (cylinder) pressures through 500 psig (3450 kPa), 212 °F (100 °C) nominal

TABLE I. PRD designations - Continued.

PRD # CGA S-1.1 Type and description

13 CG-4 Combination rupture disk and fusible plug PRD for service (cylinder) pressures of 1800 psig (12400 kPa) through 2265 psig (15616 kPa), 165 °F (74 °C)

14 CG-5 Combination rupture disk and fusible plug PRD for service (cylinder) pressures of 1800 psig (12400 kPa) through 2265 psig (15616 kPa), 212 °F (100 °C)

15 CG-7 Spring loaded, reseating PRD2--Service (cylinder) pressure 225 psig (1550 kPa) 16 CG-7 Spring loaded, reseating PRD--Service (cylinder) pressure 240 psig (1653 kPa) 17 CG-7 Spring loaded, reseating PRD--Service (cylinder) pressure 260 psig (1790 kPa) 18 CG-7 Spring loaded, reseating PRD--Service (cylinder) pressure 300 psig (2066 kPa) 19 CG-7 Spring loaded, reseating PRD--Service (cylinder) pressure 400 psig (2755 kPa)

1 The use of PRDs is prohibited in certain gas service applications by 49 CFR 173.301.

2 A spring loaded, reseating PRD (CG-7) is also known as a pressure relief valve (PRV).

3.27 Product item description (PID). When a government agency procures a commodity, it must first be identified by a PID and be included as an approved Federal Item Identification arranged in narrative or tabular form determined appropriate. The PID includes specification and other reference numbers, when applicable. Unless specification numbers are qualified by a suffix or note, the item complies with the latest revision or amendment.

3.28 Registered facility. 49 CFR requires that each hydrostatic test facility be registered with the DOT before it is placed in operation testing cylinders. This registration is a control on the installed equipment for safety and accuracy. Facilities performing UE must also be registered with the DOT and receive a special permit before they are placed in operation testing cylinders.

3.29 Spun cylinders. Spun cylinders are fabricated from seamless tube stock of a diameter and wall thickness of the specified cylinder. A predetermined length is placed in a lathe and spun, and both ends are closed by heating and shaping. In shaping, the side wall is flowed inward until all the slag and edge stock are brought to the center of the cylinder top and bottom. The top shoulder is shaped and handled much like a drawn cylinder. It is drilled and tapped for proper valve inlet threads. The bottom is bumped back for standing stability and the center is broached free of slag and oxides. In a controlled atmosphere, the metal is again flowed inward and closure is completed by inert welding. If a failure in closure occurs, the bottom, which is heavier than the side walls due to inward flow of steel, will be drilled, tapped, and plugged to effect an acceptable closure in accordance with 49 CFR. Spun cylinders are in general use in the government system in DOT 3A and DOT 3AA applications.

3.30 Tare weight (TW). Tare weight is used to determine the quantity of gas commodity required to charge a cylinder by weight. The tare weight of a compressed gas cylinder includes the empty cylinder with its valve, but does not include the valve protection cap. Tare weight is generally marked in pounds and tenths of pounds, following the letters "TW", for liquefied gas applications. The tare weight of cylinders in acetylene service is required to be permanently marked on the cylinder, flange, or cylinder collar. The tare weight of cylinders in acetylene service includes the acetone and filler material. Tare weight markings on acetylene cylinders are generally indicated by a whole number for pounds and a whole number in 4-ounce increments.

Acetylene cylinders 10 cubic feet or less are marked with a whole number for pounds and the exact whole number for ounces.

3.31 Ultrasonic examination (UE). UE tests are performed on cylinders every five years for most services to determine fitness for future use. Cylinders that undergo UE testing must follow the same periodic retesting schedule in accordance with 49 CFR for cylinders of the same type and gas service undergoing hydrostatic testing. During the UE test, the entire side wall of a cylinder is scanned using ultrasonic transducers at various angles to measure the wall thickness and detect defects described as area corrosion, pits, line corrosion or cracks. During the scan, the wall thickness and any defects are recorded. A proper UE test can form the basis for acceptance or condemnation of a cylinder. An acceptable cylinder will have a wall thickness equal to or greater than the minimum wall thickness (Tmin) as defined by the manufacturer, and no critical defects as they are defined by the criteria of the authoritative agency. General UE test methods are described in CGA C-20. More specific details for UE test procedures can be found in DOT-SP 14313.

3.32 Water capacity. Water capacity defines the internal volume of a cylinder. Water capacity is an optional marking on government-owned cylinders. High-pressure cylinders for permanent gases (3A and 3AA) are generally made to a standard displacement in cubic inches and at given conditions will contain a specific volume of gas. Charging is limited by the service pressure permanently marked on the cylinder. To determine the contents of a cylinder of standard nominal capacity, determine the pressure and temperature of the gas and find the corresponding capacity in cubic feet at standard conditions from an approved pressure/ temperature/capacity chart. A standard 9-inch x 51-inch cylinder with a water capacity of 2640 cubic inches will contain 200 cubic feet of oxygen compressed to 2015 psig at 70 °F.

Water capacity for low-pressure liquefied gases (DOT 4BA, DOT 4BW, and DOT 4E cylinders) is the weight of water required to completely fill the cylinder. This weight is used to calculate the filling density for a specific gas from limits specified in 49 CFR.

3.33 Welded and brazed cylinders. Welded and brazed cylinders are fabricated in accordance with DOT 39, DOT 4, and DOT 8 specifications. These cylinders are intended for use in low pressure applications in service pressures up to a maximum of 500 psig.

Specifications DOT 4BA, DOT 4BW, DOT 4E, and DOT 4B fall in this grouping. According to specification, a longitudinal seam is allowed or not allowed. In the latter case, two shells are drawn into cups and a single circumferential welded or brazed seam closes their joining edges.

Maintenance of DOT series 4 cylinders by welding is permitted throughout their useful life by repair and rebuild shops that have been certified by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety, Office of Hazardous Materials, U.S. Department of Transportation as defined in 49 CFR 178.35.

3.34 Wire wrapped cylinders. Wire wrapped cylinders use up to three layers of steel wire over its outside surface to provide nonshatterability in high pressure application. The wire wrapping must be removed for the cylinder to undergo hydrostatic testing.

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Standard procedures. The general requirements for handling government-owned cylinders cover the procedures for inspection, maintenance, and recharging required to assure that the container used with a gas commodity will maintain the purity set forth in the applicable commodity specification and will assure that the compressed gas can be safely handled by personnel. Procedures for cylinder handling should be as listed in table II and as detailed in section 5. Procedures shall be in accordance with 49 CFR. When an established procedure, such as the CGA C-1 and C-6 is applicable, it will be referred to and shall be used in detail as a guideline for acceptable practice. A compressed gas or cylinder service contract will include a PID with the applicable gas specification. In addition, the level of cylinder reconditioning required will be specified. Unless otherwise specified in the contract or work order, maintenance will include valve maintenance, internal cylinder maintenance, hydrostatic testing or UE, external cylinder maintenance as required, and cylinder evacuation to a minimum of 3 inches of mercury as detailed in 5.3. When specified, a contractor should be able to perform or supply authorized repair and rebuild functions (see 3.2) in order to qualify as an acceptable contractor of gas commodity or cylinder service, as applicable by this standard.

4.1.1 Receiving inspection. Government-owned cylinders shall be inspected to assure conformance to the PID provided in the shipping document. Cylinders received by a contractor for reconditioning or recharging with a specific gas or received by a government agency for grading and storage shall be inspected for legible and accurate identifications, markings, dimensions, color-coding, and stenciling. Inspection shall ensure the presence of a valve protection cap, as applicable, the proper cylinder, valve, and valve outlet, and that the cylinder is in the gas service as specified.

4.1.1.1 Rejection and condemnation. At receiving inspection, all cylinders shall be accepted for serviceability inspection and cylinder maintenance as required, except as follows:

a. Cylinders with dimensions or capacities not as specified in the item description shall be rejected and returned to the government.

b. Cylinders with other than government ownership markings shall be rejected and returned to the government for disposition.

c. Any cylinder that cannot be upgraded within a supplier's authorized capability for maintenance, repairing, or rebuilding shall be rejected and returned to the government.

d. Cylinders damaged and unworthy of repair or rebuild procedures shall be rejected and metal stamped "condemned" and returned to the government.

NOTE: All condemned cylinders, as defined above, shall be metal stamped "condemned" with a justification and returned to the government for disposition by the IM and DRMO, or as directed by contract.

TABLE II. Inspection and maintenance procedure.

Cylinder gas service

D etailed requirem ents

A cetylene

Fuel gas m ix

A ir - hum an respiration

A ir - industrial

A rgon - inert

B utane - propane

C arbon dioxide

C arbon m onoxide

C hlorine

Fluorocarbons

H elium

- inert

H ydrogen

Inert nitrogen O .F.

Inert nitrogen O .T.

O xygen - A

B O xygen - technical

O xygen - m edical

M ethyl brom ide

Sulfur hexafluoride

A m m onia anhydrous

D etailed requirem ents

Detailed requirements 5. 5.

Receiving inspection complete except as listed

5.1 5.1.1.5 5.1.1.7 5.1.6

5.1.1.5 5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.5 5.1.1.7 5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.5 5.1.1.5 5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7

5.1.1.5 5.1.1.7 5.1.1.5 5.1

Serviceability inspection 5.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2

Residual gas and moisture control 5.2.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.1

External inspection 5.2.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.2

Paint inspection 5.2.2.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.2.1

Valve protection cap inspection 5.2.2.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.2.2

Valves and PRDs 5.2.3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.3

PRDs 5.2.3.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.3.1

Inspection of flanges 5.2.4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.4

Inspection of footrings 5.2.5 X X X X X X X 5.2.5

Periodic test date inspection 5.2.6 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.6 Hydrostatic testing 5.2.6.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.6.1

Ultrasonic examination¹ 5.2.6.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.6.1

External visual inspection 5.2.6.2 X X X X X 5.2.6.2

General internal cylinder evaluation 5.2.7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.7

Hammer test 5.2.7.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.7.1

Odor test 5.2.7.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.7.2

Sulfur hexafluoride cylinder internal inspection 5.2.8 X 5.2.8

Chlorine cylinder internal insp. 5.2.9 X 5.2.9

Rejection and condemnation 5.2.10 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.10

Recording required services 5.2.11 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.2.11

M

IL-STD

-1411B

TABLE II. Inspection and maintenance procedure - Continued.

D etailed requirem ents

A cetylene

Fuel gas m ix

A ir - hum an respiration

A ir - industrial

A rgon - inert

B utane - propane

C arbon dioxide

C arbon m onoxide

C hlorine

Fluorocarbons

H elium

- inert

H ydrogen

Inert nitrogen O .F.

Inert nitrogen O .T.

O xygen - A

O xygen - m edical

M ethyl brom ide

Sulfur hexafluoride

A m m onia anhydrous

D etailed requirem ents

Cylinder maintenance² 5.3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3

Periodic testing 5.3.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.1

Hydrostatic test 5.3.1.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.1.1 Ultrasonic examination¹ 5.3.1.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.1.1

External visual inspection 5.3.1.2 X X X X X X 5.3.1.2

General cylinder maintenance 5.3.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.2 Neck threads cleaning 5.3.2.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.2.1

Droplight testing 5.3.2.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.2.2

Cylinder structural maintenance 5.3.2.3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.2.3

Internal cylinder surface cleaning 5.3.2.4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.2.4

Internal cylinder drying 5.3.2.5 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.2.5

Valves and PRDs 5.3.2.6 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.2.6

Gen. maint. of acetylene cylinders 5.3.3 X 5.3.3

Chlorine cylinder maintenance 5.3.4 X 5.3.4

Special handling 5.3.5 X X X X X 5.3.5

External cylinder surface maint. 5.3.6 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.6

Cylinder valve protection caps 5.3.6.1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.6.1

Paint, decal, and rust removal 5.3.6.2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.6.2

Metal surface pretreatment 5.3.6.3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.6.3

Prime coating 5.3.6.4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.6.4

Finish coating 5.3.6.5 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.6.5

Touch-up painting 5.3.6.6 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.3.6.6

Cylinder charging 5.4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.4

Permanent gases 5.4.1 X X X X X X X X X X X 5.4.1

Liquefied gases 5.4.2 X X X X X X X X 5.4.2

Ammonia gas 5.4.2.1 X 5.4.2.1

M

TABLE II. Inspection and maintenance procedure - Continued.

D etailed requirem ents

A cetylene

Fuel gas m ix

A ir - hum an respiration

A ir - industrial

A rgon - inert

B utane - propane

C arbon dioxide

C arbon m onoxide

C hlorine

Fluorocarbons

H elium

- inert

H ydrogen

Inert nitrogen O .F.

Inert nitrogen O .T.

O xygen - A

O xygen - m edical

M ethyl brom ide

Sulfur hexafluoride

A m m onia anhydrous

D etailed requirem ents

Chlorine gas 5.4.2.2 X 5.4.2.2

Fluorocarbon refrigerants 5.4.2.3 X 5.4.2.3

Liquefied petroleum gases 5.4.2.4 X 5.4.2.4

Fuel gas mixtures 5.4.2.5 X 5.4.2.5

Carbon dioxide gas 5.4.2.6 X 5.4.2.6

Sulfur hexafluoride gas 5.4.2.7 X 5.4.2.7

Acetylene gases 5.4.3 X 5.4.3

Leakage test 5.4.4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5.4.4

Leak testing for ABO cylinders 5.4.4.1 X 5.4.4.1

NOTES:

1 Cylinders manufactured in accordance with…