Rose_Bowl_Water_and_Sewer_AMP_Report_2022.08.22.pdf

Rose Bowl Operating Company

1001 Rose Bowl Drive

Pasadena, CA 91104

Kimley-Horn and Associate, Inc.

660 South Figueroa Street

Los Angeles, CA, Suite 2050

Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California

August 22, 2022

Sewer and Water Asset Management Report

Prepared for

Prepared By

Rose Bowl Operating Company 1 Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan August 22, 2022

Table of Contents Executive Summary

1 Introduction

1.1 Rose Bowl Location and Setting

1.2 Rose Bowl History

1.3 Rose Bowl Operations

1.4 Rose Bowl Capital Improvement Program

2 Asset Management Plan, Goals and Objectives

2.1 Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan

2.2 Asset Management Goals and Objectives

2.3 Asset Management Policy

2.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities

3 Inventory and Condition Assessment

3.1 Sewer Line Asset Inventory

3.2 Water Line Asset Inventory

3.3 Replacement Cycles

3.4 Replacement Costs

3.4.1 Funding Opportunities

3.4.2 Implementation Strategies

4 Conclusion

5 References

Table of Figures Figure 1.1 Rose Bowl Facility Vicinity Map Figure 2.1 Approximate assessment area

Table of Tables Table 2.1 Asset Management Goals and Objectives Table 2.2 Roles and Responsibilities Table 3.1 Sewer line pipe total length by pipe material Table 3.2 Sewer line pipe total length by pipe size Table 3.3 Sewer line data by year in service Table 3.4 Total sewer line pipe length by pipe material and pipe age Table 3.5 Water line pipe total length by pipe material Table 3.6 Water line pipe total length by pipe size Table 3.7 Water line data by year in service

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Table 3.8 Total water line pipe length by pipe material and pipe age Table 3.9 Sewer pipe line PVC replacement costs by pipe size Table 3.10 Water pipe line replacement costs by pipe size Table 3.11 Sewer pipe line replacement costs by pipe age Table 3.12 Water pipe line replacement costs by pipe age Table 3.13 Sewer Pipeline Within and Beyond 50-Year Design Life Table 3.14 Water Pipeline Within and Beyond 50-Year Design Life

Appendices A. Sewer and Water Raw Data B. Sewer Pipe Length Calculations C. Water Pipe Length Calculations D. Sewer Line ROM Cost Estimation Calculations E. Water Line ROM Cost Estimation Calculations

Abbreviations CAL University of California, Berkeley Caltech California Institute of Technology CI cast iron CIP Capital Improvement Plan City City of Pasadena DI ductile iron DIP ductile iron pipe DWSRF Drinking Water State Revolving Fund DWSRF Drinking Water Stater Revolving Fund EPA Environmental Protection Agency I-110 Interstate 110 I-210 Interstate 210 ISRF Infrastructure State Revolving Fund mgd million gallons per day MLS Major League Soccer

NCAA National Collegiate Athletic Association NFL National Football League PVC polyvinyl chloride RBOC Rose Bowl Operating Company SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SGR state of good repair SR-134 State Route 134 SRF State Revolving Fund Stadium Rose Bowl Stadium UCLA University of California, Los Angeles US United States USC University of Southern California VCP vitrified clay pipe WIFIA Water Infrastructure and Innovation Act

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Executive Summary The Rose Bowl Stadium is a sports and entertainment facility benefiting not only to the City of Pasadena, but the greater Los Angeles area. It is a historical site with local, national, and world-wide presence, with a long and prestigious history. Updating the Rose Bowl Stadium, while maintaining the historical aesthetic, keeps the Stadium modern and amenities current with other venues.

Of equal importance, is maintaining infrastructure facilities, that while in most cases are not visible on a day-to-day basis but are essential for the Stadium to operate smoothly and without consequence.

Underground utilities often have an “out of sight, out of mind” character. With this approach, “silent” deterioration of pipe lines can result in seemingly spontaneous damage and impairment. Any disruption to the water service or sewer service, for example, has the potential to require the Stadium to shut down while repairs are made. Emergency repairs typically are more costly and can have significant impacts to event operations and schedule, again having monetary consequences.

At the time of this report, the Rose Bowl Stadium celebrates it’s 100-year anniversary, and most Rose Bowl Stadium underground water and sewer lines are more than 50-years old, exceeding the industry standard for design life or useful life. Using pipe age and material as metrics, and assuming the oldest pipe lines have the highest risk of failure, a quantitative approach can be implemented to estimate the time frame and the length of pipe that should be addressed. Having a well-informed, structured program to track and manage assets is the most effective way to address potential issues before damage occurs.

Monitoring and planning for infrastructure maintenance proactively, versus reactively, provides a responsible and economical approach that can be utilized in planning exercises to manage infrastructure improvements most effectively.

The analysis presented herein provides the Rose Bowl Operating Company with:

· an Asset Management Program for water service and sewer service lines,

· potential funding sources, and

· a recommended implementation and phasing plan, The results are based on compiled and processed pipe data, recent budgets for capital improvements, in combination with current material and construction costs.

Results of this investigation and analysis show that many of the Rose Bowl Stadium water and sewer pipe lines have been in service for as many as 85 years, exceeding the typical industry standard design life of 50 years.

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rose Bowl Location and Setting

The Rose Bowl (Stadium) is located at 1001 Rose Bowl Drive in the City of Pasadena (City), on the south side of Interstate 210 (I-210) and west of State Route 134 (SR-134). The City of Pasadena is located approximately 10 miles northeast of the City of Los Angeles in the County of Los Angeles (Draft EIR Figure 2.0-1 Regional Location). Regional access to the City is provided by SR-134, I-210, Interstate 110 (I-110), and Interstate 710 (I-710). Main access points to the Stadium are Rosemont Avenue, Seco Street, Salvia Canyon Road, West Washington Drive, and Rose Bowl Drive.

The Stadium and associated facilities are located within the Arroyo Seco area on the western edge of the City, as shown in Figure 1.1. The Arroyo Seco is a deeply cut canyon that links the San Gabriel Mountains and the Los Angeles River and is comprised of three sections, the Upper, Central, and Lower Arroyos. The Rose Bowl is located in the Central Arroyo, which extends from the Colorado Street Bridge at the south to I-210 at the north. It is generally bounded by Arroyo Boulevard and Arroyo Terrace on the east and Linda Vista Avenue on the west. The neighborhoods to the east and west are residential. The Central Arroyo comprises approximately 470 acres and is the most developed section of the Arroyo Seco.

In 2009, the Central and Lower Arroyo areas were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a district.

Figure 1.1 Rose Bowl Facility Vicinity Map

Rose Bowl Stadium

Image Source: Rios.com

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The Stadium facility is operated and managed by the Rose Bowl Operating Company (RBOC). The RBOC is organized as a department with its own board under the City of Pasadena’s charter. The board members have representation among the seven city districts, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), mayor, city manager, city council, Tournament of Roses, RBOC, and legal counsel.

The focus of this study is on the Rose Bowl Stadium area within the confines of the security fence. The study area includes the following components:

· Stadium

· Pavilion

· Administration Building

· Restrooms

· Concession buildings

· Storage and maintenance yard

· South plaza

· Adjacent parking lots and roadways

The Rose Bowl recreation area also includes the Brookside Golf Course and Clubhouse, the Recreation Loop, Brookside Park, the Kidspace Children’s Museum, the Rose Bowl Aquatic Center, the Rosemont Pavilion, the Jackie Robinson baseball and softball diamonds, tennis courts, an amphitheater, recreation and equestrian trails and multipurpose fields and parks. These aforementioned areas and uses are not included in this study.

1.2 Rose Bowl History

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football game, now known as the Rose Bowl Game, was played annually at Tournament Park though January 1922, located adjacent to the campus of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of the current Rose Bowl Stadium location. The Rose Bowl Game organizer, the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association, realized the temporary stands were inadequate for a crowd of more than 40,000, and sought to build a better, permanent stadium.

The Stadium was designed by architect Myron Hunt in 1921. His design was influenced by the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut, which opened in 1914. The Arroyo Seco was selected as the location for the Stadium because the original outdoor athletic Stadium near Caltech was running at near full capacity at 40,000 seats. The decision was made by the Tournament of Roses to build a new Stadium.

The Rose Bowl began construction on February 27, 1922, and was completed October 1922. The nearby Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum also was under construction during this time and would be completed in May 1923, shortly after the Rose Bowl was completed. Originally built as a horseshoe, the Stadium was expanded several times. The southern stands were completed in 1928, enclosing the Stadium into a complete bowl.

The press box was updated before the 1962 Rose Bowl with an elevator and two rows. The Press Box was refurbished for UCLA's move in 1982 and the 1984 Summer Olympics. In 2011 and 2012, the press box was undergoing renovation as part of the larger renovation. Work proceeded during the 2011 football season and was expected to be completed before the UCLA Bruins' first home game in 2012. Some unforeseen problems had been encountered due to the Stadium's age and some renovations done in the early 1990s. Most of the planned renovations were completed in 2013. Additional new restrooms, the historic field hedge, new entry-gate structures, ribbon boards & additional new concession stands were later added. The Stadium started "The Brick Campaign" to help pay for some of the cost of the

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A large 30 feet tall by 77 feet wide LED video display board was added to the north end of the Stadium as a part of the renovation. The field's alignment is nearly north–south, offset slightly northwest, and the elevation at street level is approximately 830 feet (255 m) above sea level.

The seven-story Terry Donahue Pavilion is named for the former UCLA football head coach, who is the most successful coach in UCLA and Pac-12 history. It houses the press boxes, broadcast booths, premium seating, boxes and suites. The radio and TV booths were renamed "The Keith Jackson Broadcast Center" in December 2015. Jackson, the former ABC-TV sportscaster, coined the phrase "The Granddaddy of Them All" for the Rose Bowl game.

The Stadium's name was alternatively "Tournament of Roses Stadium" or "Tournament of Roses Bowl", until being settled as "Rose Bowl" before the 1923 Rose Bowl game, in reference to the unusually named Yale Bowl.

1.3 Rose Bowl Operations

The Rose Bowl Stadium plays host to a number of events throughout a typical year including the annual Rose Bowl Game on January 1st, UCLA Football Games, Rose Bowl Flea Market, soccer sporting events, and other entertainment events. The Rose Bowl Stadium has a regular annual attendance of approximately 1.4 million visitors for any given year. This number is anticipated to be much greater when mega-events are scheduled.

Rose Bowl Game

The Rose Bowl Game is typically held on the first of January except where the date lands on a Sunday when the game is played the next day. The game features a traditional matchup of conference winning teams from the Big Ten and Pac-12. In addition, the Rose Bowl Game also plays host to the national college championship game is in the rotation of Stadium venues. The game has showcased numerous Heisman Trophy Winners, national champions, and All-American student athletes.

UCLA Football Games

The Rose Bowl has been the home of UCLA football since 1982. The Rose Bowl was completed in 1922 and was first used for the University of Southern California (USC) – University of California, Berkeley (CAL) game that same year. Although the Stadium has held well over 100,000 fans over the years, the current seating capacity is 91,136. The regular collegiate football season runs from September through November.

Flea Market

For over 50 years, the Flea Market at the Rose Bowl occurs on the second Sunday of every month. Now run by RG Canning Attractions, the event attracts up to 20,000 buyers and sellers every month. The marketplace also sells more than antiques. Among its tables of past treasures, attendees find new and useful products; learn about important services offered by local companies; engage in a number of arts and crafts activities; and explore the vast array of food booths.

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Soccer Sporting Events

Though best known as an American football stadium, the Rose Bowl is also one of the most popular soccer (association football) venues in the world. The Stadium hosted the prestigious 1994 FIFA World Cup Final (an event watched by over 700 million people worldwide), the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final (the most attended women’s soccer match in history), and the 1984 Olympic Gold Medal Match, making it the only venue in the world to host all three of international soccer's major championship matches. The United States (US) men's national soccer team has played 17 games at the Rose Bowl, the fourth most of any venue. It has hosted five US women’s national team matches. It has also hosted the Major League Soccer (MLS) Cup 1998 and the 2002 and 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup Finals. Mexico has played a number of friendlies in the Stadium against nations other than the United States.

In the past, it was also the home ground of two North American Soccer League clubs, the Los Angeles Wolves in 1968 and the Los Angeles Aztecs in 1978 and 1979. From 1996 through 2002, the Stadium was the home ground of the Los Angeles Galaxy MLS club.

The Rose Bowl is one of two stadiums to have hosted the FIFA World Cup finals for both men’s and women’s teams. The Rose Bowl hosted the men's final in 1994 and the women's final in 1999. The only other stadium with this honor is the Råsunda Stadium near Stockholm, Sweden, which hosted the men's final in 1958 and the women's final in 1995. Both Rose Bowl finals were scoreless after double extra time and decided on penalty shootouts.

The Rose Bowl also hosted group stage matches of the Copa América Centenario in 2016. It also hosted several matches including the final of the 1984 Olympics men's soccer tournament. On July 27, 2016, the Rose Bowl hosted a 2016 International Champions Cup match between Chelsea and Liverpool. Chelsea won the match 1–0. The Rose Bowl also hosted a 2018 International Champions Cup match between F.C. Barcelona and Tottenham Hotspur where Barcelona won 5–3 in penalty kicks after a 2–2 draw. It has also regularly featured CONCACAF Gold Cup matches including two finals.

Other Entertainment Events

The Rose Bowl has played host to a number of entertainers, concerts, and events such as the Rolling Stones, BTS, Americafest, Arroyo Seco Weekend, and other public events. The Stadium has also hosted local high school football teams and graduation ceremonies. Although the Rose Bowl was built specifically for football, it was used for portions of the 1932 Olympic Games and was also the soccer venue for the 1984 Olympics. The Rose Bowl has also been the venue for five National Football League (NFL) Super Bowls; 1977, 1980, 1983, 1987, and 1993. The 1980 NFL Super Bowl XIV game, held at Rose Bowl, holds the record for the largest Super Bowl attendance.

1.4 Rose Bowl Capital Improvement Program

A Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) contains all the planned individual capital projects, equipment purchases, and major studies for a local government, in conjunction with construction and completion schedules, and in consort with financing plans. The CIP plan provides a working blueprint for sustaining and improving the community’s facilities and infrastructure. It coordinates strategic planning, financial capacity, and physical development.

A CIP has two parts – a capital budget and a capital program. The capital budget is the upcoming year’s spending plan for capital items. The capital program is a plan for capital expenditures that extend typically five to ten years beyond the capital budget.

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The Rose Bowl maintains and implements an annual capital improvement program, which is part of the City’s overall CIP. The program includes identification of capital and maintenance expenditures; capital planning; capital budgeting development and execution; capital financing; and asset management.

The latest available CIP for the Rose Bowl include fairway improvements at Brookside Golf Course;

Brookside Clubhouse Upgrades; and preventative maintenance and major improvement projects at the Rose Bowl. (See Appendix A – FY 2021-2025 Capital Improvement Program Rose Bowl Improvements).

These improvements are budgeted for approximately $8 million.

It is anticipated that the findings of this study for potential sewer and water line upgrades and replacements will be considered for upcoming CIP inclusion and implementation.

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2 ASSET MANAGEMENT PLAN, GOALS AND

OBJECTIVES

2.1 Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan

An asset management plan identifies the desired level of service at the lowest life cycle cost for rehabilitating, repairing, or replacing the assets associated with a specific facility or infrastructure. Another way to look at an asset management plan is a mechanism for maintaining a desired level of customer service at the best appropriate cost. This is often referred to as state of good repair (SGR). The SGR is the condition in which a capital asset is able to operate at a full level of performance. A capital asset is in a state of good repair when that asset:

1. Is able to perform its designed function,

2. Does not pose a known unacceptable safety or public health risk,

3. Meets or recovers its lifecycle investments.

For the purposes of this report, the study focuses on the sewer and water facilities within the Rose Bowl Stadium. Sewer and water systems are made up of assets. Most of these assets are buried and are “invisible” while others may be visible. Sewer system assets may include ponds, mechanical plants, pumps, lift stations, valves, collection lines, force mains, manholes and any other components that are necessary to operate the sewer system.

Water system assets may include wells, pipes, valves, storage tanks, pumps, water treatment plants, meters, and any other components that are necessary to operate the water system. As either sewer or water system ages and deteriorates, the assets will lose value over time. As this happens, the level of service that the utility’s customers desire may become compromised. With operation and maintenance costs increasing, the utility may have extreme costs that it cannot afford.

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Figure 2.1 Approximate assessment area

Sewer

The City of Pasadena’s Department of Public Works operates and maintains its own sanitary collection system. The City’s sanitary collection system consists of approximately 328 miles of gravity pipelines, serving the majority of parcels within the City’s 23.1 square mile limits, and conveys an annual average wastewater flow of approximately 14 million gallons per day (mgd). The City’s wastewater collection system conveys untreated wastewater to the Los Angeles County Sanitation District trunk sewer system via 92 separate connections. The system has three City-owned lift stations and seven privately owned lift stations.

The Rose Bowl sewer system is connected to the City’s sewer collection system. There are off-site flows from the northeast that connect to a main truck line that captures effluent from restrooms, concession stands and other occupied spaces. The main discharge point is at the south end of the brick plaza where flows are combined into one 12-in sewer main. Because the facility operates on a varying and fluctuating event schedule, wastewater peak flows typically follow scheduled events.

Incremental upgrades over the last 10-12 years have occurred as a result of the last capital program that included the construction of the locker room in the south plaza, pavilion, and concourse improvements.

Approx. Study Limits

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Water

Pasadena Water and Power is the municipal utility that serves the citizens and community of Pasadena.

The water is imported by the Metropolitan Water District and consists of a blend of water from Northern California and the Colorado River. Groundwater comes from the Raymond Groundwater Basin and is pumped out of ten deep wells located throughout the City of Pasadena. A modest amount of water is purchased from neighboring water agencies that combine surface water and groundwater. The Hahamongna Watershed Park is approximately 1,300 acres of open space extending up the Arroyo Seco Canyon from Devil’s Gate Dam. There are four water wells within the Hahamongna Watershed Park basin owned by the City of Pasadena. The Devil’s Gate Dam is used for flood protection and as a water reservoir to recharge the Raymond Basin Aquifer. The Devil’s Gate Dam is owned by Los Angeles County Department of Public Works.

The Rose Bowl water system is metered at the east side near Gate B. The water system within the Stadium is a mixed system in that domestic water, fire water, and irrigation systems are combined and run through one pipe network that loops around the Stadium.

The water system has been incrementally improved over the past 10-12 years as a result of the last capital program that included the construction of the locker room in the south plaza, pavilion, and concourse improvements.

2.2 Asset Management Goals and Objectives

Historically, the Rose Bowl has not had a formal asset management program for sewer and water infrastructure. Sewer and water replacements and upgrades took place when major capital programs required either additional capacity or relocation. In addition, because of the aging pipe network, infrastructure was replaced on an as needed or reactive basis rather than following a prescribed plan.

There have been numerous incidences when sewer or water pipes would break, and the repair would have to take place under an emergency condition. Rather than continue to chase and react to infrastructure failures, the Rose Bowl has opted to prepare a sewer and water asset management plan to assist in future repairs and replacement of sewer and water infrastructure. The goals and objectives to meet those goals are listed in Table 2.1Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Asset Management Goals and Objectives

Asset Management Goal Objectives

1 Maintain assets in SGR to deliver reliable, quality service

· Meet standards for maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement.

· Establish performance targets in relation to SGR measures consistent with local agency practices.

· Develop Business Processes and tools to report and monitor asset inventory, conditions, and performance.

2 Prioritize available resources to meet SGR requirements

· Prioritize maintenance in relation to capital improvements.

· Incorporate asset management criteria into Rose Bowl long range and capital investment prioritization for asset rehab/replacement.

· Leverage agency-wide resource planning to ensure sufficient funding to achieve a SGR.

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Asset Management Goal Objectives

· Incorporate optimization process where feasible and cost effective.

· Manage backlog of capital repair needs to an accepted level.

3 Provide data to promote asset management and incorporate life cycle cost management in planning, design, and delivery of capital and operating projects

· Support development of data and decision support tools for Rose Bowl processes to provide value in a timely manner.

· Align procurement policies with lifecycle cost management.

· Establish formal asset management turnover procedures.

4 Maintain condition of assets to support safety and security

· Leverage best Rose Bowl practices across departments.

· Develop risk-based asset register to integrate with project prioritization and keep it current

5 Provide transparent, organization-wide direction and leadership to support Rose Bowl asset management

· Develop Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan.

· Provide clear governance roles and responsibilities for Rose Bowl.

· Develop and retain a highly trained Rose Bowl workforce and specialty consultants and contractors.

· Advance awareness, dialogue, and cooperation across Rose Bowl departments regarding asset management.

2.3 Asset Management Policy

At the time of the preparation of this report, the Rose Bowl does not currently have an adopted asset management policy. Typically, policies would follow and support the above-mentioned goals and objectives. For the purposes of this report, a general overview of the purpose and scope of such policy are presented for consideration by the RBOC.

The purpose of an asset management policy is to formalize and support the implementation of the sewer and water asset management plan, maintain assets in a state of good repair, and communicate the plan to all relevant stakeholders. All known Rose Bowl sewer and water assets are identified herein in this report. It is understood that the Rose Bowl strives to maintain a state of good repair through financial stewardship and reinvestment, transparency, and promoting a culture that supports asset management.

2.3.1 Roles and Responsibilities

At the RBOC, the maintenance of water and sewer facilities falls on the operations group. As of the date of this report, the following individuals listed have roles and responsibilities directly related to the sewer and water operations.

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Table 2.2 Roles and Responsibilities

Name Title Role George Cunningham Chief Operations Officer Jenessa Castillo Senior Director of Operations Brian Gomez Cathy Lama Jerry Garcia

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3 INVENTORY AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT

This study reviewed as-built and record plans from the RBOC’s data archives. Data from the following sources were used to compile the water and sewer maps used in this report:

· 2016 Utility Survey

· City of Pasadena water maps

· Plumber water surveys

· Water and sewer as-builts dating back to 1922

· Sewer repair documents

· Recent capital construction plans from the locker room expansion, new pavilion, and concourse improvements

Given the impracticality of excavating and potholing to visually inspect each pipeline, data from the as-built archives was used to provide a condition assessment. The date of the as-built or record plan is assumed to be the year installed date which in turn provides the estimated pipeline age.

Based on the data received from the Rose Bowl was compiled into a GIS map and the pipelines quantified with respect to service type, pipe size, pipe length and pipe age. The tables in the following sections summarize the data. The full data tables for each utility are located in Appendix A. Additionally, all data tabulated in this Section has been illustrated in a series of maps highlighting the parameters discussed herein. These five exhibits are included in Appendix A.

3.1 Sewer Line Asset Inventory

Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 provide the total length of sewer pipe categorized by pipe size and year in service, respectively. Pipe data tables are included in Appendix B.

The compiled sewer line research and data reveal that the sewer line system within the Rose Bowl Stadium is made up of approximately 10,164 linear feet of pipe which is comprised of many pipe materials and pipe sizes. Sewer system pipe materials include cast iron, concrete, HDPE, PVC, vitrified clay pipe (VCP), and respective total pipe lengths and percent of total for each material are summarized in Table 3.1. The results shows that the most common pipe material in the existing sewer line system is VCP, making up 59% of the total system. The next common pipe materials are HDPE and cast iron and concrete, making up 16% and 15%, respectively, of the total system. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix B.

Table 3.1 Sewer line pipe total length by pipe material

Pipe Material Total Pipe Length (ft) Percent of Total Pipe Cast Iron 1,643 16% Concrete 1,472 15%

HDPE 305 3%

PVC 706 7%

VCP 6,038 59%

The sewer line pipe data has been compiled and categorized by pipe size in diameter in inches. Table 3.2 provides the total length of sewer pipe and percent of total, categorized by pipe diameter. The table shows that 10-in diameter pipe in the most common sizes and makes up approximately 30% of the total

Rose Bowl Operating Company 15 Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan August 22, 2022 system. The next most common pipe sizes are 8-in and 6-in, making up 24% and 22%, respectively, of the total system. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix B

Table 3.2 Sewer line pipe total length by pipe size

Pipe Size (Diameter in inches) Total Pipe Length (ft) Percent of Total Pipe 4” 1,579 15% 6” 2,251 22% 8” 2,417 24% 10” 3,034 30% 12” 883 9%

The sewer line pipe data has been compiled and categorized by Year in Service date, or year the pipe system was installed and came online, where Year in Service correlates to a pipe’s age. Table 3.3 summarizes the total length of pipe that was installed within a given timeframe. The table shows that 50% of all the sewer line pipes in the Rose Bowl Stadium are 75 years of age or older. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix B.

Table 3.3 Sewer line data by year in service

Year in Service (Range) Pipe Age as of 2022

Total Pipe Length (ft)

Percent of Total Sewer Line Pipes

1947 or earlier 75+ yrs 5,101 50% 1948 - 1972 50 – 74 yrs 480 5% 1973 - 1992 30 – 49 yrs 2,663 26% 1993 - 2012 10 – 29 yrs 1,113 11% 2013 - 2022 0 – 9 yrs 807 8%

More than half of the sewer line pipes, 55%, at the Rose Bowl are beyond the typical 50-year design life which represents a significant maintenance and potential liability cost for the Rose Bowl. The costs of pipe maintenance and replacement costs can have a wide range depending on the material of pipe removed and installed. To further examine the sewer line data, each age bracket is broken up by pipe material in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4 Total sewer line pipe length by pipe material and pipe age

Pipe Age as of 2022

Cast Iron Concrete HDPE PVC VCP

Total Length by Age

Percent of Total

75+ yrs 1,262 1,472 - 122 2,245 5,101 50% 50 - 74 yrs 381 - - - 99 480 5% 30 – 49 yrs - - - - 2,663 2,663 26% 10 – 29 yrs - - 30 211 872 1,113 11% 0 – 9 yrs - - 275 373 159 807 8%

Total Length by Material

1,643 1,472 305 706 6,038 10,164 100%

Percent of Total 16% 15% 3% 7% 59% 100%

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The table shows that nearly half of the sewer lines exceeding the 50-year design life total approximately 5,600-linear feet, and are made up of several pipe materials: VCP, cast iron, concrete, and PVC, in order of pipe quantity. Of these materials, nearly half of the 5,600 LF is made of VCP. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix B.

3.2 Water Line Asset Inventory

The compiled water line research and data reveal that the water line system within the Rose Bowl Stadium is made up of approximately 21,258 linear feet of pipe which is comprised of many pipe materials and pipe sizes. Water system pipe materials include cast iron, copper, ductile iron, galvanized steel, PVC, and respective total pipe lengths and percent of total for each material are summarized in Table 3.5. The results shows that the most common pipe material in the existing water line system is galvanized steel and cast iron, making up 59% of the total system. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix C.

Table 3.5 Water line pipe total length by pipe material

Pipe Material Total Pipe Length (ft) Percent of Total Pipe Cast Iron 5,165 24% Copper 2,047 10%

Ductile Iron 3,600 17% Galvanized Steel 7,541 35%

PVC 2,258 11%

PVC C900 647 3%

The water line pipe data has been compiled and categorized by pipe size in diameter in inches. Table 3.6 provides the total length of water pipe and percent of total, categorized by pipe diameter. The table shows that 2-in and 6-in diameter pipe are the most common sizes and make up approximately 39% of the total system. Notably, nearly half of the system, 43%, is made up of larger pipes having diameters of 6-in, 8-in, and 12-in. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix C.

Table 3.6 Water line pipe total length by pipe size

Pipe Size (diameter in inches) Total Pipe Length (ft) Percent of Total Pipe 0.75” 912 4%

1” 2,722 13% 1.25” 777 4% 1.5” 443 2% 2” 4,461 21%

2.5” 619 3% 3” 1,103 5% 4” 1,052 5% 6” 3,803 18% 8” 3,255 15% 12” 2,111 10%

The water line pipe data has been compiled and categorized by Year in Service date, or year the pipe system was installed and came online, where Year in Service correlates to a pipe’s age. Table 3.7 summarizes the total length of pipe that was installed within a given timeframe. The table shows that 52% of all the water line pipes in the Rose Bowl Stadium are 75 years of age or older. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix C.

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Table 3.7 Water line data by year in service

Year in Service (Range)

Pipe Age as of 2022

Total Pipe Length (ft)

Percent of Total Water Line Pipes

1947 or earlier 75+ yrs 11,121 52% 1948 - 1972 50 – 74 yrs 313 1% 1973 - 1992 30 – 49 yrs 1,351 6% 1993 - 2012 10 – 29 yrs 6,302 30% 2013 - 2022 0 – 9 yrs 2,171 10%

The majority of water line pipes are beyond the typical 50-year design life which represents a significant maintenance and potential liability cost for the Rose Bowl. The costs of pipe maintenance and replacement costs can have a wide range depending on the material of pipe removed and installed. To further examine the water line data, each age bracket is broken up by pipe material in Table 3.8. The table shows that 35% of the Rose Bowl’s water lines are made of galvanized steel, which also happens to all fall within the pipe age range of 50 years of age or greater. The second most prominent pipe material is cast iron, making up 24% of the total pipe at the Rose Bowl. Tabulated calculations are detailed in Appendix C.

Table 3.8 Total water line pipe length by pipe material and pipe age

Pipe Age as of 2022

Cast Iron Copper Ductile

Iron Galvanized

Steel PVC PVC C900 Total Percent of Total 75+ yrs 3,236 36 31 7,290 528 - 11,121 52%

50 – 74 yrs - 62 - 251 - - 313 1% 30 – 49 yrs 1,342 9 - - - - 1,351 6% 10 – 29 yrs 587 1,369 3,396 - 454 496 6,302 30% 0 – 9 yrs - 571 173 - 1,276 151 2,171 10%

Total Length by Material

5,165 2,047 3,600 7,541 2,258 647 21,258 100%

Percent of Total Pipe 24% 10% 17% 35% 11% 3% 100%

3.3 Replacement Cycles

In this study, the life cycle of sewer and water pipeline replacement is 50 years, as is widely accepted within the industry. Newer modern materials like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) claim greater timeframes. As pipes age, their conveyance effectiveness decreases. The following section examines the sewer and water pipeline life cycle, and replacement with respect to the existing infrastructure at the Rose Bowl.

Pipeline Life Cycle

There are typically five phases of the life cycle of a pipe. The following is a general overview of a typical life cycle of a sewer or water pipeline. Points made in this general overview may or may not apply to the RBOC. Variances may occur but the attributes and characteristics of pipeline rehabilitation and replacement process remain similar. The five phases are detailed in the following.

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Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan August 22, 2022

1. Planning and Design

Ideally, planning starts years before construction begins. As soon as the pipeline proponent determines the project is economically viable, the planning and design process can begin. That initial scoping phase estimates length of pipe by identifying the locations of the start and end points by laying out an anticipated pipe line alignment. An analysis is conducted to help determine the diameter of the pipeline and number of above-ground facilities required.

Then, preliminary routing and design activities can begin. These include but are not limited to:

· Conversations and consultations with landowners, local communities, and other stakeholder groups to gather input for route selection,

· Selecting a route and determining the physical structure for the pipeline,

· Choosing locations of any associated facilities, such as meters, vaults, manholes and other appurtenances,

· Assessing potential environmental impacts, historical resources, current and traditional land use, and,

· Front-end engineering design, such as civil/structural and strength analyses, choice of materials and risk assessments. Utility investigation is typically undertaken to identify and avoid conflicts during design.

2. Application and Approval

Regulatory applications contain all the appropriate information to assure the regulator that the project is necessary, safe for people and the environment, and that appropriate consultations, assessments and sound engineering were done. Submissions include but are not limited to:

· The proposed route,

· Details of consultations with landowners, communities, and stakeholder groups, and,

· Descriptions of the terrain and environment that the pipeline will traverse.

Pipeline proponents will also outline steps to mitigate environmental impacts, e.g., noise and light pollution, construction timing and mitigation for restricted activity periods, steps to manage invasive species, protection of traditional use of lands and resources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and reclamation procedures.

4. Construction (including pre-construction planning)

During the pre-construction and construction phases, it is particularly important for the proponent to apply preventative measures to avoid or mitigate environmental impacts. Measures previously outlined on paper must now come to life to ensure the pipeline is built to meet all safety standards and regulatory requirements.

On the technical side, project proponents must ensure the pipeline is engineered, constructed, and operated in accordance with local, state, and federal standards.

4. Commissioning and Operation

Commissioning is the term used to describe the process of bringing the newly constructed pipeline ‘online’, making it ready to receive product. It takes place after the new pipeline is tested with water to a pressure higher than the maximum operating pressure of the pipeline. This step confirms there are no

Rose Bowl Operating Company 19 Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan August 22, 2022 leaks. Water lines are often disinfected and tested during this phase. Sewer lines are inspected via CCTV for quality.

In the operations phase, engineering is primarily focused on inspection to ensure the pipeline’s integrity.

Environmental considerations include, but are not limited to:

· Reducing noise and light pollution during routine activities,

· Erosion and sediment control,

· Rare species conservation,

· Air emissions management, and

· Mitigating and responding to contaminants in soil and water.

Emergency management is also of particular importance during the operation stage.

5. Retirement (or Decommissioning)

The final stage is decommissioning or retirement. In consultation with landowners, the pipeline company at this stage must adequately assess the potential land, environmental and safety impacts in its decision on whether to remove the pipeline completely, remove the pipeline partially, leave the pipeline in place, or a combination of these methods.

The pipeline life cycle is complicated and demands industry-leading expertise and resources. This is critical to help ensure that the energy end users rely on for their quality of life continues to be transported safely and responsibly.

3.4 Replacement Costs

Sewer Pipeline Replacement

Prior to 1980, clay pipes were common among new construction. PVC piping came into widespread use during the 1970s and has been the go-to material for new sewer lines since the 1980s. Between 1860 and 1970, however, another type of material was common for sewer lines, orangeburg pipe. Orangeburg pipe is constructed from several layers of wood pulp and pitch. It is the shortest-lived sewer line material, with a life expectancy of 30-50 years. Clay pipes typically have a useful life of 50-60 years, while PVC pipes are expected to last 100 years before requiring replacement.

During its lifetime, sewer lines face many potential adversities. The weight of the soil above the pipe can change due to drought, compaction from buildings, parked vehicles above the line, or other surface improvements. If the weight bearing on the pipe becomes too great, it can cause the pipe to collapse. If the soil shifts due to drought or erosion, the pipe may become dislocated, allowing wastewater to leak into the sub soil. Tree roots pose a substantial threat to sewer line integrity. When tree roots encounter a sewer pipe, they can easily breach even the toughest material and grow into the pipe, causing blockage.

Sewer line deterioration can occur more quickly than expected due to the wear and tear resulting from overuse or misuse of the plumbing system. Food debris, garbage, grease, fat, and soap scum can build up inside the sewer line over time, reducing its functional volume and putting the facility at risk for a sewer clog, backup, or other damage.

If the sewer line is too severely damaged or aged too much for repair to effectively solve the issue, sewer line replacement is the best solution. Trenchless re-piping is the simplest way to replace a sewer line.

During this service, the contractor will dig a hole at each end of the sewer line to be replaced, then pull a machine through the existing line. The machine simultaneously destroys the existing pipe and produces

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Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan August 22, 2022 new pipe in its place, eliminating the need to dig up the site to remove the old sewer line or lay the new pipe. The new pipe, which cures in place, is durable and long-lasting, while the small holes required to facilitate the trenchless re-piping process can be easily refilled to leave no lasting sign on the property.

Laterals will need to be tied into specific locations and a full test of the system will need to be performed.

Within the last decade, sewer lateral pipe installation has consisted of VCP, PVC, and HDPE pipe material, with PVC and HDPE as the go to industry accepted material

Water Pipeline Replacement

The main water line is arguably the most important part of a facility’s plumbing. It carries fresh water from the city’s supply line into the facility. It is located underground where it cannot be seen and can last up to 50 years when installed properly. If it fails, however, significant direct and indirect damage can occur and have chain reaction consequences such as a drop in pressure, a higher water bill, or a sink hole may development.

There are a variety of indicators that an existing water main requires repair or replacement. A typical first sign is an unusually high water bill. This can signify that the water main is leaking, and more water is being drawn from the supply line than is being utilized. Another sign is a sudden drop in water pressure throughout the facility. This can also be caused by a severe leak in the line, which means that the water is not reaching the outlets in the facility in the same quantity as with an intact line.

Other signs may include flooding in the facility near the location of the water main line or discolored water in the facility at water outlets and faucets. These signs may indicate the need for repair and ignoring them could increase the severity of the issue and cause complications to compound.

It is industry standard practice that the water main line is located at least three feet beneath the ground surface, but depending on the soil, climate, and water supply line depth, the main line depth may need to be deeper. With trenchless digging, this is typically not a major cost factor, but if a trench is required to lay the line, costs can significantly increase as the trench excavation depth increases.

In most instances, the water main installation is trenchless whenever possible. A hole is bored at the start of the water line and a second hole at the end. A cable is used to create a tunnel between the two holes, and the pipe is snaked into place. In some instances, the old pipe may be reused, and a sleeve is inserted into the pipe, which seals up the holes and cracks. Alternatively, the old pipe may be pulled out, using a similar process to the new pipe being installed.

The two ends of the pipe are connected, one to the main valve and the other to the water shutoff at your facility. Occasionally, the main valve is located beneath a sidewalk or other location at the facility. If so, it needs to be dug up to make the connection. This varies tremendously by location, which is why the installation always begins with a thorough inspection of the area, usually using cameras and other detection technologies to see where everything is located.

If the line cannot be replaced using the trenchless method, the most common alternative is to use an excavator to dig up the old line. In this method, a large open trench is dug for the length of the replacement and with a width 2 to 3 times the width of the pipe. Once the line is uncovered, it is then manually removed and replaced, then the trench will be backfilled in. An in-kind replacement surface should be part of the work. Depending on the depth of the pipe, trench shoring may be required.

Trenchless installations can be completed in less time, in most cases, than the process of digging, backfilling, and paving or landscaping the trench.

Rose Bowl Operating Company 21 Rose Bowl Sewer and Water Asset Management Plan August 22, 2022

Cost Analysis

Many factors impact the cost of new lines including pipe size, length, material, and method of installation.

While cost is one factor to consider, other issues include city regulations, climate, and the type of soil present on site are other factors. Some agencies have specific guidelines for the exact pipe and size that can be used, while others allow the project team to make choices based on water needs, soil type, or other site-specific parameters. Currently, typical sewer line pipe materials are PVC and VCP, and typical water line pipe materials are PVC and ductile iron pipe (DIP). Other pipe materials include cast iron, concrete and HDPE for sewer, and galvanized piping, brass, and copper for water.

As nearly all sewer and water pipe installations are currently PVC, VCP, and DIP, a rough order of magnitude unit cost for these pipe materials have been calculated. The pipe material cost range has been calculated based on comparisons and extrapolations on 2021 Caltrans Cost Data, recent project data, published data, and best engineering judgement. Calculations for unit cost determination are detailed in Appendix E. As cast iron, concrete, galvanized piping, brass, and copper are typically used only in cases where special considerations are called for, cost data has not been investigated for these materials in this report.

PVC is typically the least expensive material and can be used for sewer or water utilities, and is tough, durable, and minimally impacted by soil but should not be used in very hot climates. It is generally easy and fast to install as the product is relatively light-weight and flexible. The material cost range is approximately $23 to $115 per linear foot, for C900 PVC with pipe sizes ranging from 0.75-in to 12-in.

VCP is most commonly used for sewer gravity mains as it is durable with a greater longevity and is resistant to most chemicals in sewage. Material and installation costs are greater with costs ranging between $50 to $400 for pipe sizes ranging between 4-in to 12-in.

DIP for water lines is sturdier than PVC having a greater impact strength, burst strength, and stress strength than PVC. DIP can be used in expansive and unstable soils. However, material and installation are more costly.