DAFI 90-1701 Installation energy and water mgt 17 DEC 2020.pdf

BY ORDER OF THE

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

INSTRUCTION 90-1701

17 DECEMBER 2020

Special Management

INSTALLATION ENERGY AND WATER

MANAGEMENT

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: This publication is available digitally on the e-Publishing website at:

http://www.e-publishing.af.mil for downloading or ordering.

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

OPR: SAF/IEE

Supersedes: AFI90-1701, July 16, 2009

Certified by: SAF/IE

(Mr. Mark Correll)

Pages: 28

This instruction implements the installation energy and water-related portions of Department of the Air Force Policy Directive (DAFPD) 90-17, Energy and Water Management. This

Instruction applies to all Department of the Air Force organizations and activities, to include all civilian employees and uniformed members of the Regular Air Force, Space Force, Air National

Guard and Air Force Reserve, located on an Air Force installation or facility. Ensure all records generated as a result of processes prescribed in this publication adhere to Department of the Air

Force Instruction (DAFI) 33-322, Records Management and Information Governance Program, and are disposed in accordance with the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule, which is located in the Air Force Records Information Management System. Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the office of primary responsibility using the Air Force

Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route Air Force Forms 847 from the field through major command publications or forms managers. This publication may be supplemented at any level, but all supplements must be routed to the OPR of this publication for coordination prior to certification and approval. The authorities to waive wing- or unit level requirements in this publication are identified with a Tier (“T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3”) number following the compliance statement. See DAFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management, for a description of the authorities associated with the Tier numbers. Submit requests for waivers through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier waiver approval authority, or alternately, to the requestor’s commander for non-tiered compliance items. Compliance with the attachments in this publication is mandatory.

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SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This document has been substantially rewritten and must be completely reviewed. The rewrite is based on updates to Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction (DoDI) 4170.11, Installation

Energy Management, and DAFPD 90-17. Outdated requirements have been removed and new terms have been clarified. The revisions include new guidance on energy and water resource management, energy and water resilience, project development, and project funding.

Additionally, the instructions regarding the use of fuel and energy for aviation assets have been removed.

Chapter 1—OVERVIEW 4

1.1. Overview

1.2. Primary Focus

1.3. Installation Energy

1.4. Water

1.5. Operational Energy

Chapter 2—ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 5

2.1. Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment and Energy

(SAF/IE)

2.2. Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Operations (AF/A3)

2.3. Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Logistics, Engineering, and Force

Protection (AF/A4)

2.4. Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center (AFIMSC)

2.5. Major Command and Direct Reporting Unit Commanders

2.6. Installation Commanders

2.7. Mission Owners

2.8. Base Civil Engineers

2.9. Installation Energy Managers

2.10. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau

Chapter 3—INSTALLATION ENERGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT 12

3.1. Overview

3.2. Facility and Process Energy

3.3. Demand-side Management Programs

DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020 3

3.4. Expeditionary Energy

3.5. Non-tactical Ground Vehicles

Chapter 4—CATEGORIZING INSTALLATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION 14

4.1. Overview

4.2. General rules

Chapter 5—ENERGY AND WATER PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. 15

5.1. Required plans

5.2. Infrastructure Metering and Data Management

Chapter 6—ENERGY AND WATER PROJECTS 19

6.1. Overview

6.2. Attributes of resilience

6.3. Primary Power Generation Systems

6.4. Third-Party Contracts

6.5. Energy Resilience and Conservation Investment Program (ERCIP)

6.6. Incentives and Rebates

6.7. Energy Monitoring and Utility Control Systems

6.8. Non-Air Force Assets

Chapter 7—EXTERNAL STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATIONS 24

7.1. Overview

7.2. External standards

7.3. Third Party Certifications

Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 25

4 DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW

1.1. Overview. This publication establishes directive guidance and procedures for installation energy and water management across the Department of the Air Force (DAF). Air Force units at all levels must ensure compliance with the energy and water requirements in this instruction. (T-

1).

1.2. Primary Focus. The primary focuses of the energy and water management programs are to provide mission assurance through energy and water assurance. All projects should be undertaken with a focus on enhancing DAF energy and water resilience.

1.3. Installation Energy. Installation energy includes facility energy, process energy, expeditionary energy, and the energy and fuel used by non-tactical ground vehicles and aerospace ground equipment servicing non-aviation assets. Installation energy management includes energy use, conservation, resilience, and assurance.

1.4. Water. For this DAFI, water includes both potable and non-potable water used in facilities and processes, to include industrial, landscaping, and agricultural uses. Water management includes water use, conservation, and resilience. It does not include quality or water rights requirements. Waste water is not covered under this DAFI.

1.5. Operational Energy. All fuel and energy required for aviation assets and aerospace ground equipment servicing aviation assets are categorized as operational energy and are addressed under AFI 90-1702, Operational Energy. Water is not included under operational energy.

DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020 5

Chapter 2

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1. Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment and Energy

(SAF/IE).

2.1.1. Serves as the principal advisor to the Secretary of the Air Force on all energy and water-related issues, in accordance with DAFPD 90-17.

2.1.2. May delegate responsibilities for the management of the Air Force installation energy and water program to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Environment, Safety, and Infrastructure.

2.1.3. Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Environment, Safety, and

Infrastructure (SAF/IEE).

2.1.3.1. Serves as the single point of contact for DAF installation energy and water issues for Congress, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), DoD components, and other federal agencies. Such issues may include, but are not limited to, energy and water resilience, efficiency, generation, conservation, and innovation.

2.1.3.2. Establishes and executes the overarching DAF installation energy and water program management structures. These structures should focus on ensuring energy and water resilience to meet Air Force mission requirements.

2.1.3.3. Develops and maintains the DAF’s installation energy and water master plan

(see paragraph 5.1.1).

2.1.3.4. Provides coordination, integration, and oversight of installation energy and water policy, strategy, projects, and issues, to include assessments of the resourcing and execution requirements of DAF installation energy and water programs, for use by

SAF/IE.

2.1.3.5. Develops metrics, processes, and frameworks to analyze installation energy and water investments and project execution.

2.1.3.6. Develops internal and external installation energy- and water-related awareness programs.

2.1.3.7. Provides recommendations to SAF/IE on matters related to installation energy and water strategy, guidance, direction, and oversight (including governance). SAF/IEE will provide this for all such matters pertaining to the formulation, review, and execution of plans, policies, programs, and budgets.

2.1.3.8. Provides inputs to positions regarding federal, state, and local legislation and regulations that affect installation energy and water.

2.1.3.9. Develops policies and directive guidance related to facility, process, and vehicle and ground support equipment energy and water resilience, including installation prioritization, based on the priorities and requirements of combatant and major commands.

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2.1.3.10. Develops, in coordination with the Air Force Directorate of Civil Engineers

(AF/A4C), the overarching DAF strategies, priorities, goals, and metrics for installation energy and water consumption and resilience.

2.1.3.11. Develops energy- and water-related policy for contingency basing and aerospace ground equipment servicing non-aviation assets.

2.1.3.12. Establishes requirements and structure for installation energy plans, which should include water planning (see paragraph 5.1.2), and water systems risk and resilience assessments (see paragraph 5.2.7).

2.1.3.13. Provides oversight on energy resilience and water systems risk assessments and exercises.

2.1.3.14. Submits programmatic reports related to installation energy and water on behalf of the DAF to OSD and other outside organizations. For such reporting requirements, SAF/IEE will maintain and distribute internal guidance and guidance originating from outside the Air Force (e.g., OSD). On behalf of the DAF, SAF/IEE will ensure compliance with the energy and water reports required by this DAFI and its references.

SAF/IEE may delegate this to other DAF organizations.

2.1.3.15. Approves annual overarching installation energy and water execution plans.

2.1.4. Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations (SAF/IEI).

2.1.4.1. Coordinates installation energy- and water-related opportunities identified through the community partnership program with SAF/IEE to avoid conflict with installation energy plans.

2.1.4.2. Coordinates installation energy- and water-related availability and sustainment requirements identified through the strategic basing program with SAF/IEE to ensure basing considerations and decisions are addressed in installation energy and water planning documents.

2.1.4.3. Supports installation energy and water resilience programs and projects with real estate transactions where appropriate, including coordinating with SAF/IEE on real estate issues pertaining to energy and water initiatives on DAF installations.

2.2. Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Operations (AF/A3). AF/A3 provides

SAF/IEE access to critical mission requirements with potential energy or water needs under the mission assurance construct.

2.3. Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Logistics, Engineering, and Force Protection

(AF/A4).

2.3.1. Establishes policy and guidance necessary to execute the requirements and initiatives related to installation energy and water management, ground vehicles, and support equipment. This role is identified in Headquarters Air Force Mission Directive 1-38, Deputy

Chief of Staff of the Air Force for Logistics, Engineering, and Force Protection. The policies and guidance are subject to policies established by SAF/IE, and exclude roles and responsibilities delegated to the Air National Guard.

2.3.2. May delegate responsibilities related to facility energy to AF/A4C and responsibilities related to ground vehicles to Air Force Directorate of Logistics (AF/A4L).

DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020 7

2.3.3. Collaborates with AF/A3 and major commands to identify the task critical assets required to execute missions and the infrastructure required to support those assets.

Communicate results to the appropriate organizations and personnel (e.g., Headquarters Air

Force, major commands, installation commanders) for consideration for future projects.

2.3.4. Air Force Directorate of Civil Engineers (AF/A4C).

2.3.4.1. Oversees, in coordination with SAF/IEE, policies and program resource requirements necessary to execute the facility energy program.

2.3.4.2. Develops programming and execution guidance for facility energy investments.

2.3.4.3. Establishes training and performance requirements for installation energy managers.

2.3.4.4. Develops directive guidance related to acquiring and providing utilities, including facility-related control systems and the consumption and assurance of commodities.

2.3.4.5. Establishes DAF-specific doctrine related to facility energy and water resource management.

2.3.4.6. Facilitates energy and water improvements at contingency locations, such as materiel and non-materiel improvements in energy generation and in energy and water storage, distribution, and consumption.

2.3.4.7. Develops and maintains the planning, resourcing and execution guidance for energy resilience assessments and exercises, in accordance with paragraph 5.2.6, and water systems risk and resilience assessments and exercises, in accordance with paragraph 5.2.7

2.3.5. Air Force Directorate of Logistics (AF/A4L).

2.3.5.1. Provides policy and guidance necessary to manage the Air Force non-tactical fleet, as defined in paragraph 1.3

2.3.5.2. Establishes procedures and processes to collect data for non-tactical fleet reporting requirements.

2.3.5.3. Identifies opportunities to optimize fleet performance and reduce associated costs.

2.3.5.4. Coordinates with SAF/IEE and AF/A4C on the infrastructure requirement necessary to support the non-tactical fleet.

2.3.6. Air Force Directorate of Security Forces (AF/A4S) provides information on the risks to Air Force utility systems from malevolent acts.

2.4. Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center (AFIMSC).

2.4.1. Provides resource advocacy for Air Force facility energy and water management programs.

2.4.2. Provides program element monitoring to support the Air Force’s planning, programming, and budgeting execution process.

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2.4.3. Assists Headquarters Air Force in delivering the capabilities to implement facility energy strategic policy and guidance.

2.4.4. Develops annual investment requirements, utilizing available energy and water funding sources, such as direct financed, Energy Resilience and Conservation Investment

Program (ERCIP), and third-party financing opportunities.

2.4.5. Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC).

2.4.5.1. Serves as the execution agent for Air Force facility energy and water management programs, except for roles and responsibilities identified for the Air

National Guard (ANG) Civil Engineering Technical Service Center (CETSC) in paragraph 2.10

2.4.5.2. Establishes and maintains a public-facing entry point (commonly known as a

“storefront”), through the Air Force Office of Energy Assurance, for future facility energy and water projects. This will serve as the single point of entry for any private or public organization looking to develop energy and water projects on Air Force installations.

2.4.5.3. Develops an annual installation energy and water execution plan, with tailored goals and output-based metrics, to enable achievement of the Air Force’s installation energy and water priorities and goals, and execute upon SAF/IEE approval.

2.4.5.4. Notifies SAF/IEE and AF/A4C of any unique technical requirements (i.e., military-specific requirements beyond accepted voluntary consensus and industry standards) for Air Force projects. Provides appropriate technical recommendations and guidance to the field.

2.4.5.5. Aids installations in training qualified personnel to serve as installation energy managers.

2.4.5.6. Develops and executes programs that result in facilities designed, constructed, operated, maintained, and renovated to achieve optimum performance and help maximize an installation’s energy and water efficiency. AFCEC should execute these programs according to sustainable design principles while contributing to mission assurance.

2.4.5.7. Ensures installation energy and water vulnerability assessments and audits are performed on Air Force installations to assess the risk of disruptions and, where applicable, assist with any remedial actions approved by the installation commander to remove unacceptable risks.

2.4.5.8. Establishes non-directive guidance for facility energy and water management programs.

2.4.5.9. Manages third-party financing opportunities in coordination with installation personnel, in accordance with paragraph 6.5

2.4.5.10. Conducts resiliency and business opportunity assessments for potential facility energy and water projects.

2.4.5.11. Advocates for resiliency or energy assurance value through the project lifecycle.

DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020 9

2.4.5.12. Maintains non-directive facility energy and water playbooks identifying best practices and processes across installation energy and water programs.

2.5. Major Command and Direct Reporting Unit Commanders.

2.5.1. Provide installation commanders and AFIMSC with overarching priorities, mission requirements, and high-level perspectives to assist with installation energy and water planning.

2.5.2. Coordinate with AF/A3, AF/A4, and AFIMSC to identify the task critical assets required to execute missions and the infrastructure required to support those assets.

2.6. Installation Commanders.

2.6.1. Determine investment needs and priorities for all assets located on the installation (to include tenants) to enhance installation energy and water resilience. When more than one unit utilizes a proposed project site, installation commanders will coordinate in the best interest of overall installation energy and water resilience, in conjunction with mission requirements.

(T-2).

2.6.2. Provide the mission vision to all subordinate commanders and installation development vision supporting this to the base civil engineer. (T-3).

2.6.3. Ensure installation energy plans are developed and maintained. (T-0).

2.6.4. Encourage mission owners and the base civil engineer to exercise systems to ensure capabilities and identify vulnerabilities.

2.6.5. Approve remedial actions to reduce or remove unacceptable risks resulting from installation energy and water vulnerabilities. Work with the appropriate organizations (e.g., Headquarters Air Force, major commands, AFIMSC) to implement remedial actions. (T-1).

2.6.6. Approve risk and resilience assessments and emergency response plans for Air Force-owned community water systems. (T-0).

2.6.7. Support DAF reporting responsibilities per paragraph 2.1.3.14 by providing data about and access to installation assets as required. This approach may vary depending on the requirement, but will typically be reported to AFCEC in accordance with paragraph 5.2.8

2.7. Mission Owners. As delegated by installation commanders, mission owners on Air Force installations will collaborate with the base civil engineer and other appropriate stakeholders to identify mission requirements with potential vulnerabilities due to disruptions of energy or water.

(T-1).

2.8. Base Civil Engineers.

2.8.1. Oversee and manage installation energy and water programs, initiatives, and projects.

(T-3).

2.8.2. Collaborate with local energy and water utility providers to identify and address potential installation energy and water vulnerabilities, in partnership with SAF/IEE, AF/A4C, AFCEC, and ANG CETSC as needed. (T-3).

2.8.3. Collaborate with mission owners and other stakeholders to identify mission requirements with potential vulnerabilities due to a disruption of energy or water. (T-1).

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2.8.4. Provide and deliver necessary utilities to installation locations and facilities consistent with mission requirements as addressed under Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 32-1061, Providing Utilities to U.S. Air Force Installations.

2.8.5. Designate installation energy managers to be responsible for implementing the installation-level requirements of all applicable statutes and Air Force directive guidance.

2.8.6. Facilitate the development and annual maintenance of the installation energy plan.

2.9. Installation Energy Managers.

2.9.1. Design and implement installation-level programs in support of DAF installation energy and water goals. (T-0).

2.9.2. Provide required project documentation, including site data packages and evaluation criteria, to AFCEC or other appropriate parties (e.g., ANG CETSC, U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers), to ensure project execution is proceeding appropriately. (T-2).

2.9.3. Identify and develop opportunities, and submit to the Air Force Office of Energy

Assurance via the storefront or the ANG CETSC for inclusion into execution tools, such as third-party performance contracts, and to installation planners for inclusion in installation planning documents. (T-3).

2.9.4. Use metered consumption data for baselining, benchmarking, reporting, preventive maintenance, demand response, installation energy and water awareness, project performance compliance, energy and water analyses, and project development. (T-0).

2.9.5. Report installation energy and water data using the Air Force approved energy management reporting information technology system(s), as determined by AFCEC. (T-0).

2.9.6. Develop and execute campaigns to encourage awareness of installation energy and water program requirements, goals, and achievements. (T-3).

2.9.7. Maintain awareness of and execute responsibilities to provide utilities to installations, as addressed under AFMAN 32-1061. (T-1).

2.9.8. Work with mission partners to communicate energy requirements, identify efficiency opportunities and implement improvements.

2.10. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau. Develop policies, instructions, and guidance unique to Air National Guard energy and water programs and oversee management of those programs through the ANG CETSC.

2.10.1. Provides resource advocacy for Air National Guard facility energy and water management programs.

2.10.2. Provides program element monitoring to support the Air National Guard’s planning, programming, and budgeting execution process.

2.10.3. Assists Headquarters Air Force in delivering the capabilities to implement facility energy strategic policy and guidance.

2.10.4. Develops annual investment requirements, utilizing available energy and water funding sources, such as direct financed, Energy Resilience and Conservation Investment

Program (ERCIP), and third-party financing opportunities.

DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020 11

2.10.5. Serves as the centralized program management office for Air National Guard facility energy and water projects.

2.10.6. Supports the planning and programming function for future Air National Guard facility energy and water projects, and serve as the single point of entry for any private or public organization looking to develop energy and water projects on Air National Guard installations.

2.10.7. Develops an annual installation energy and water execution plan, with tailored goals and output-based metrics for Air National Guard installations, to enable achievement of the

Air DAF’s installation energy and water priorities and goals.

2.10.8. Aids installations in training qualified personnel to serve as installation energy managers.

2.10.9. Notifies SAF/IEE and AF/A4C of any unique technical requirements (i.e., military-specific requirements beyond accepted voluntary consensus and industry standards) for Air

Force projects. Provides appropriate technical recommendations and guidance to the field.

2.10.10. Develops and executes programs that result in facilities that are designed, constructed, operated, maintained, and renovated to achieve optimum performance and maximize installation energy and water efficiency according to sustainable design principles while contributing to mission assurance.

2.10.11. Ensures installation energy and water vulnerability assessments and audits are performed on Air National Guard installations to assess the risk of disruptions and, where applicable, assist with any remedial actions approved by the installation commander to remove unacceptable risks.

2.10.12. Establishes non-directive guidance for facility energy and water management.

2.10.13. Manages third-party financing opportunities for Air National Guard installations in coordination with installation personnel, in accordance with paragraph 6.5

2.10.14. Conducts resiliency and business opportunity assessments for potential facility energy and water projects.

2.10.15. Advocates for resiliency or energy assurance value through the project lifecycle.

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Chapter 3

INSTALLATION ENERGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

3.1. Overview. The DAF, under the direction of SAF/IEE, will establish and manage an overarching program to ensure the approach to installation energy and water resilience is in line with mission requirements. (T-0).

3.1.1. The intent of the installation energy and water program is to develop and maintain effective management practices and processes in accordance with mission-derived priorities.

3.1.2. The DAF should identify assets and infrastructure dependencies critical to mission execution, capabilities, and core functions.

3.1.3. The DAF, under the oversight of SAF/IE, will ensure energy and water management programs address legal and policy requirements covered under DoDI 4170.11. (T-0). Unless otherwise noted, DoDI 4170.11 covers the T-0 requirements identified in this AFI.

3.2. Facility and Process Energy.

3.2.1. Facility and process energy are often linked and should be addressed together, whenever possible.

3.2.1.1. Facility energy is consumed in real property and provides for the comfort of building occupants. It is managed by the mission support function, as the host installation.

3.2.1.2. Process energy is used to produce an output in mission activities such as industrial production, computational labs, and test programs. It is managed by the mission owner, as a tenant on the installation.

3.2.2. Mission owners, in coordination with installation energy managers, shall work together to identify all major energy and water consuming task critical assets, facilities, and infrastructure under their responsibility, based on guidance and direction from AF/A3 and

AF/A4. (T-1).

3.2.3. Control systems must be cyber-secure and manage installation energy and water supply and demand, support installation energy and water resilience, and improve mission assurance. (T-0).

3.2.4. As part of installation energy and water management, SAF/IEE will provide guidance on how the Air Force can consider the installation’s energy and water requirements. (T-1).

This includes making reliability and sustainability trade-offs, and in balancing energy and water needs with other drivers, such as readiness, cost, and performance.

3.3. Demand-side Management Programs.

3.3.1. Air Force installations are authorized to participate in demand-side management and load management programs with third parties (e.g., electric utilities, independent system operators, and state agencies) and their authorized contractors.

3.3.2. Demand-side programs provide incentives to reduce electric power demand during peak usage periods.

DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020 13

3.3.3. SAF/IEE will monitor participation in demand-side management programs.

Installations participating in such programs must demonstrate a reduction in installation energy use and cost as well as cybersecurity without compromising mission requirements or security. (T-1).

3.4. Expeditionary Energy. The Air Force, led by SAF/IEE, will assess and manage energy-and water-related risks at expeditionary locations. (T-1). These risks can be to operations, training, and testing, to include assets, supporting infrastructure, equipment, supplies, platforms, and personnel.

3.5. Non-tactical Ground Vehicles.

3.5.1. The Air Force, under the direction of AF/A4L, will acquire, manage, and effectively maintain a right-sized (i.e., mission-driven) and energy-efficient fleet of non-tactical vehicles. (T-1).

3.5.1.1. New vehicle purchases shall be low greenhouse gas emitting light duty and medium duty passenger vehicles. (T-0). If no such vehicle is available to meet the functional need, the acquiring organization must obtain a waiver from SAF/IEE. (T-1).

3.5.1.2. At least 75 percent of light-duty vehicle leases and acquisitions must be alternative fuel vehicles, in accordance with 42 United States Code Section 13212. (T-0).

Emergency, law enforcement, and national defense vehicles are exempt under this requirement. (T-0).

3.5.1.3. At a minimum, the Air Force should strive to maintain 2015 target levels for petroleum reduction and alternative fuel use.

3.5.2. Any built infrastructure requirements or impacts on facility energy, such as the installation of electric vehicle supply equipment, will be coordinated with SAF/IEE and

AF/A4C by AF/A4L. (T-1).

3.5.3. AFI 24-302, Vehicle Management, provides additional details concerning the management of the Air Force tactical and non-tactical vehicle fleets.

14 DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020

Chapter 4

CATEGORIZING INSTALLATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION

4.1. Overview. The Department of the Air Force is frequently required to categorize facility or process energy consumption to meet reporting requirements.

4.1.1. This categorization is for energy reporting purposes only; it does not apply to water consumption or fuel consumed by ground vehicles, equipment, or aviation assets. AFI 24-

302 further categorizes Air Force ground vehicles, while AFI 90-1702 governs operational energy.

4.1.2. All energy used at an expeditionary location (e.g., electricity and fuels used in facilities, grounds vehicles, common support equipment, and processes) is categorized as expeditionary energy. Expeditionary energy is a subset of installation energy, but is often exempt from reporting requirements.

4.1.3. SAF/IEE will issue annual business rules related to how installation energy should be categorized for reporting purposes. (T-1).

4.2. General rules. The following general consumption reporting rules apply:

4.2.1. Installations may consume facility, process, and operational energy.

4.2.2. If more than 50 percent of the energy use for a particular asset (e.g., building, aircraft, or ground vehicle) fits in one category, then the asset’s entire energy use should fall under that category. This initial baseline should be re-examined as needed and adjusted to support data availability.

4.2.3. Energy used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems and lighting specifically needed for a process, such as a data center or industrial equipment, is considered process energy.

4.2.4. Energy consumed during basic military and skills training is categorized as installation energy and not considered operational energy. All buildings, assets, and vehicles on bases used solely for basic military and initial skills training are categorized as either facility or process energy (both under installation energy).

DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020 15

Chapter 5

ENERGY AND WATER PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT.

5.1. Required plans. The Department of the Air Force will develop and maintain a comprehensive plan at the DAF-level and a separate plan at each installation, focused on achieving energy and water goals. (T-0). Installation planning and reporting requirements may include the use of metrics and encompass other issues that may impact energy and water management (e.g., cybersecurity).

5.1.1. DAF Installation Energy and Water Plan.

5.1.1.1. The DAF, led by SAF/IEE, will develop a comprehensive plan to identify department-level installation energy and water strategic priorities, targets and performance goals. (T-0).

5.1.1.2. Regarding the development of performance goals and implementing the plan, the

Air Force should consider at a minimum:

5.1.1.2.1. Opportunities to enhance installation energy and water resilience to ensure the Air Force has the ability to prepare for and recover from energy or water disruptions that impact mission assurance on military installations.

5.1.1.2.2. Opportunities to increase the efficiency of the installation’s energy and water consumption and reduce future demand.

5.1.1.2.3. Opportunities to pursue alternative energy initiatives, including the use of alternative fuels and hybrid-electric drive in vehicles and common support equipment.

5.1.1.2.4. Opportunities for the construction, lease, operation, and maintenance of high-performing buildings.

5.1.1.2.5. Cost effectiveness, cost savings, and net present value of alternatives.

5.1.1.2.6. The value of diversification of types and sources of energy and water used.

5.1.1.2.7. The value of economies-of-scale associated with fewer energy types used.

5.1.1.2.8. The value of the use of renewable energy sources.

5.1.1.2.9. The potential for an action to serve as an incentive to reduce energy or water consumption or adopt an improved energy or water performance measure.

5.1.1.2.10. Opportunities for improving installation energy and water resilience.

5.1.1.2.11. Opportunities to leverage third-party financing to address installation energy and water needs.

5.1.2. Installation energy plans.

5.1.2.1. Each installation will develop an installation energy plan. (T-0). The plans will incorporate detailed plans for energy and water resilience capabilities to ensure available, reliable and quality utilities for each of the installation’s critical missions. (T-0). The

16 DAFI90-1701 17 DECEMBER 2020

plans will be developed in accordance with the template maintained by AFCEC, through the Air Force Office of Energy Assurance. (T-1).

5.1.2.2. The plan will incorporate applicable cybersecurity plans for any identified energy or water project, including any installation or modification of operational technology encompassing platform information technology, control systems, or facility-related control systems. (T-1).

5.1.2.3. Plans may incorporate the installation’s implementation and execution strategy(ies) for energy and water conservation and potential generation opportunities available to that installation. The strategies and opportunities should support the enhancement of an installation’s energy and water resilience and evaluated based on resilience attributes (see paragraph 6.2).

5.1.2.4. Detailed installation energy and water plans should be developed utilizing asset management principles and incorporated as a component plan to installation development plans. Installation development plans are addressed under AFI 32-1015, Integrated

Installation Planning.

5.1.2.5. Where utility systems are privatized, and where feasible, system owners should be made aware of the installation energy plans.

5.1.2.6. Installation energy plans will be reviewed and updated annually, and maintained on web-based platform (e.g., AFCEC’s Comprehensive Planning Platform). (T-0).

5.2. Infrastructure Metering and Data Management.

5.2.1. To execute the most resilient, effective, and efficient installation energy and water program, the Air Force should use enabling systems, to include: advanced metering infrastructure; facility energy audits; and smart building and base energy management operating systems.

5.2.2. All enabling systems must comply with cybersecurity requirements. (T-0).

5.2.3. Mission Assurance and Critical Infrastructure.

5.2.3.1. To ensure installation energy and water resilience, AF/A3 will determine task critical assets requirements and AF/A4 will conduct the appropriate analysis for these requirements when metering data are not available (e.g., an engineering facility energy load analysis). (T-1).

5.2.3.2. Task critical asset requirements should be reviewed and updated by AF/A3 on an annual basis.

5.2.3.3. The critical requirements and facility energy loads may be used to comply with guidelines for emergency preparedness requirements and the identification, design, and implementation of energy generation systems, infrastructure, equipment, fuel, and testing.

5.2.4. Advanced Metering Electricity, Natural Gas, Water, and Steam.

5.2.4.1. AFCEC will establish and maintain an advanced metering capability (minimal requirements include near real-time measurements of consumption and daily data reports at the installation level) for electricity, natural gas, water, and steam. (T-0).

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5.2.4.2. Application of meters and sub-meters is required as a management enhancement tool for awareness of utility loads and identification of potential cost saving opportunities. (T-0).

5.2.4.3. Installations commanders with privatized utilities should ensure system owners are aware of any suggested metering projects that could potentially affect their systems.

5.2.5. Energy Audits.

5.2.5.1. The DAF, under the direction of AFCEC, will execute annual comprehensive energy audits for approximately 25 percent of Air Force covered facilities, so at least once every four years each of those facilities will be audited. (T-0). Covered facilities are those installations and buildings that include central utility plants and distribution systems and other energy intensive operations that constitute at least 75 percent of facility energy used by the Air Force.

5.2.5.2. AFCEC is responsible for conducting the audits, under the oversight of

SAF/IEE.

5.2.5.3. The audits are to identify cost effective infrastructure improvements to enhance energy and water resilience, with a secondary consideration for improving energy and water efficiency.

5.2.5.4. Results of the audits will be used to certify compliance with auditing requirements, identify potential energy and water improvement projects, provide other installations with potential issues and best practices, and monitor Air Force progress towards energy and water goals. (T-1).

5.2.5.5. Utilize alternative financing opportunities, such as energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) and utility energy service contracts (UESCs), to conduct energy audits where possible.

5.2.6. Energy Resilience Assessments and Exercises. Installations commanders will ensure periodic energy resilience assessments of energy systems for critical mission operations and supporting infrastructure are conducted. (T-0). Black start exercises (i.e., “pull-the-plug” events) are required as part of these assessments. (T-0).

5.2.6.1. Resilience assessments will demonstrate the installation’s capabilities to continue critical mission operations in the event of a power or water outage, and will address the DoD metrics and standards for energy resilience assessments. (T-0).

5.2.6.2. Black start exercises may also include additional upfront analysis or tabletop studies.

5.2.6.2.1. Analyses, tabletop studies, and exercises should highlight previously-unidentified areas of risk (e.g., cyber) to missions, capabilities, and installations.

5.2.6.2.2. Annual exercises will be planned in coordination with mission or capability owners to ensure a risk management strategy is in place for one-of-a-kind capabilities or high value assets. (T-3).

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5.2.6.3. At a minimum, energy resilience assessments will be conducted in accordance with guidance maintained by SAF/IEE and AF/A4C. (T-1).

5.2.6.4. Installation commanders will ensure any findings from these assessments and exercises will be incorporated into installation energy plans. (T-1). Findings will be utilized to develop projects to mitigate resilience risks and increase resilience posture. (T-

1). Installation commanders will ensure any corrective action required to resolve any areas of non-compliance. (T-1).

5.2.7. Water Systems Risk and Resilience Assessments (RRAs) and Exercises.

5.2.7.1. Installations with DAF-owned community water systems serving more than

3,300 people must develop and maintain risk and resilience assessments and emergency response plans, in accordance with Public Law 115-270, America’s Water Infrastructure

Act of 2018. (T-0).

5.2.7.2. At a minimum, the assessments will assess risks to the water system, specifically the requirements included under Public Law 115-270. (T-0).

5.2.7.3. These assessments and plans will need to be reviewed, and updated where appropriate, at least once every five years. (T-0). The assessments and plans must be completed in accordance with the requirements and structure developed by SAF/IEE. (T-

1).

5.2.7.4. Installations commanders will ensure periodic water resilience assessments and exercises of water systems are conducted for critical mission operations and supporting infrastructure. (T-1).

5.2.7.4.1. Water resilience or shortage events should be exercised as part of periodic assessments to identify gaps in planning and plan feasibility. Exercises should highlight unknown areas of risk to missions and installations.

5.2.7.4.2. Exercises should include, at minimum, drawing water from all water sources, exercise agreements with lateral agencies, conducting a table top exercise under the direction of the base civil engineer with key offices and leadership.

5.2.8. Data Collection, Management, and Reporting.

5.2.8.1. Installation energy managers will provide energy and water data to AFCEC to incorporate into department-wide databases for use in program management and analysis and to meet higher level reporting requirements. (T-0). AFCEC will provide all offices identified in Chapter 2 with the ability to query these databases, if requested.

5.2.8.2. The Air Force, led by AFCEC, should analyze performance data and audit findings to establish baselines for measuring progress, analyze trends in consumption, and benchmark performance against similar buildings.

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Chapter 6

ENERGY AND WATER PROJECTS

6.1. Overview. Energy and water projects will focus on meeting mission requirements, improving resilience, and providing the best value for the DAF. (T-1). The DAF is technology agnostic and can consider any technologies related to energy or water resilience, conservation, or generation. Energy and water projects are those efforts, to include material and non-material solutions, primarily designed to research, generate, produce, transmit, distribute, store, operate, or conserve energy or water.

6.2. Attributes of resilience. The DAF should use the following three preventative attributes and two performance attributes to evaluate the resilience aspects of energy and water projects.

These aspects are conversationally referred to as the “5 Rs.”

6.2.1. Preventative attributes.

6.2.1.1. Robustness incorporates concept of reliability and refers to ability to withstand disturbances.

6.2.1.2. Redundancy involves having excess capacity and back-up systems, which enable the maintenance of core functionality in the event of disturbances.

6.2.1.3. Resourcefulness is the ability to adapt to crises, respond flexibly, and neutralize negative impacts.

6.2.2. Performance attributes.

6.2.2.1. Response is the ability to mobilize quickly in the face of crises.

6.2.2.2. Recovery is the ability to regain a degree of normality after event, including ability of a system to be flexible and to evolve to deal with new circumstances.

6.3. Primary Power Generation Systems.

6.3.1. Primary power generation systems play an important role in creating and maintaining energy resilience at DAF installations. By providing an onsite power supply, these systems diversify the installation’s power supply and can help ensure energy for critical missions.

6.3.2. The DAF’s preference is for primary power generation systems to be owned and operated by third parties.

6.3.2.1. Should an installation commander recommend the development of a DAF-owned primary power generation system, the installation commander must obtain a waiver from SAF/IEE prior to project development. (T-1). This includes instances where the installation commander recommends entering into third-party funded contracts which results in government ownership and management of such a system at the conclusion of the contract.

6.3.2.2. For a waiver to be obtained, the proposed system must be included in the installation energy plan and expected to enhance the energy resilience of an installation.

(T-1).

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6.3.3. Primary Power Generation System Sustainment.

6.3.3.1. When developing a project with a primary power generation system that will be owned by the Air Force, the developing organization should prepare an operations and maintenance (O&M) plan. O&M plans are critical to maintaining energy resilience.

6.3.3.2. The developing organization should include the estimated annual costs for the plan, the appropriation that will be utilized to resource the O&M effort, and an agreement to fund the sustainment effort for the entirety of the project’s lifecycle. This analysis should be included in the life-cycle cost analysis of the project.

6.3.3.3. Systems that will be conveyed to the Air Force as a result of ESPCs and UESCs should have similar post-conveyance O&M plans.

6.3.3.4. The Air Force is required by the Office of Management and Budget Circular A-

11, Preparation, Submission and Execution of the Budget, to have the title to the system on or before the end of the ESPC or UESC in order for the project to qualify for annual scoring. (T-0).

6.4. Third-Party Contracts.

6.4.1. The Air Force prefers to use alternative financing mechanisms, such as ESPCs and

UESCs, to finance energy and water projects, as opposed to direct funding.

6.4.2. Whenever economically feasible, the Air Force should use third-party financing mechanisms to fund energy or water projects. Those projects should provide increased energy or water resilience, an acceptable rate of return, or improvements in energy and water infrastructure.

6.4.3. Prior to awarding a third-party contract, the central program management office for that contract (e.g., AFCEC for ESPCs) will conduct an evaluation to ensure the contract is in the Air Force’s best interests to fund the project using third-party funds, as opposed to directly funding the project. (T-1).

6.4.4. ESPCs and UESCs.

6.4.4.1. ESPCs and UESCs will be used when they are supported by robust business case analyses and are useful to meet Air Force energy goals. (T-1).

6.4.4.2. The business case analysis should include appropriate community planning factors, the expected lifespan(s) of facilities to be improved, interest rates, technological risks, opportunity costs and risks and other appropriate business considerations.

6.4.4.3. AFCEC serves as the central Program Management Office for ESPCs and

UESCs. AFCEC will centrally manage and oversee all ESPC and UESC projects, to include providing reviews and approvals for all stages of the projects and maintaining responsibility for budgets, schedules, and compliance requirements. (T-1). SAF/IEE retains oversight of third-party performance contracts.

6.4.4.4. SAF/IEE will maintain an approval and cancellation process for ESPCs following submittal of the ESPC proposal to AFCEC via the Air Force Office of Energy

Assurance. (T-1).

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6.4.4.4.1. Phase one decision point. AFCEC will validate installation commander concurrence with the potential scope effort. (T-1). Validation shall include concurrence with impacted tenants. (T-1). The installation commander will approve the project to move forward with a notice of opportunity and subsequent preliminary assessment. (T-1).

6.4.4.4.2. Phase two decision points. The installation commander and AFCEC will review the preliminary assessment proposed scope. (T-1). The installation commander will approve the project to move forward into the investment grade audit

(IGA) or feasibility study. (T-1).

6.4.4.4.3. Cancellation after the IGA. Should the installation commander recommend cancellation after the IGA occurs, the installation commander must provide a cancellation notification to SAF/IEE. (T-1). The notification should include an explanation of level of effort, timeline, and detailed cause for cancellation. If the Air

Force cancels viable projects after the IGA, the installation will not be authorized to select high return projects from an IGA report and accomplish those projects as independent government funded projects. (T-1). The installation may pursue those if the cancellation is at the request of the energy services company.

6.4.4.5. All ESPCs and UESCs on Air National Guard installations should be coordinated with ANG CETSC prior to opportunity development (e.g., prior to the release of the notice of opportunity). This coordination should be conducted to ensure the projects are in line with ANG goals and priorities.

6.4.5. Power Purchase Agreements.

6.4.5.1. Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) are contract tools which enable private entities to install, own, operate, and maintain energy generation equipment on or near

Department of the Air Force property (i.e., behind the meter). Under the agreement, the

DAF will purchase electricity or thermal energy through a long-term contract with specified energy prices.

6.4.5.2. AFCEC serves as the central Program Management Office for PPAs, except for

Air National Guard responsibilities.

6.4.6. Enhanced Use Leases.

6.4.6.1. An enhanced use lease (EUL) is a real estate action designed to optimize Air

Force resources and obtain value from “non-excess” capacity. AFI 32-9003, Granting

Temporary Use of Air Force Real Property, provides instructions on such leases.

6.4.6.2. EULs can be used to develop on-site energy projects and can be used in combination with an ESPC, UESC, or PPA.

6.4.6.2.1. Projects which involve an enhanced use lease and yielding energy primarily for use by an installation should be executed as a PPA project, as opposed to an EUL.

6.4.6.2.2. Projects primarily yielding energy for third party off-take (or back to energy grid) use should be executed as EUL projects.

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6.4.6.3. If a proposed lease involves a project related to energy production, the Air Force is required to obtain OSD certification prior to contract award that the project is consistent with all applicable and pertinent DoD energy policies, per 10 United States

Code Section 2662. (T-0). SAF/IEE will work with Air Force organizations to notify and obtain OSD certification. (T-0).

6.4.7. Utilities Privatization.

6.4.7.1. Utilities privatization is one method for modernizing and…