Phase 2 report 19 Adams Street Waterbury.pdf

Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Adams Street, Waterbury

19 Adams Street Waterbury, Connecticut 06704

May 7, 2025

Prepared for:

Tichina Pemberton-Mann Real Estate Development Project Manager

Neighborhood Housing Services of Waterbury 193 Grand Street, 3rd Floor, 193 Grand Street, 3rd Floor, Prepared by:

Freeman Companies, LLC 36 John Street

Hartford, CT 06106

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

Purpose Scope of Work Previous Environmental Work

2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

General Surrounding Land Use Groundwater Classification Current and Past Uses of the Property

3 GEOLOGIC INFORMATION

Site Topography Wetlands Site Soils and Geology

4 REMEDIATION STANDARD REGULATIONS

Soil Remediation Criteria Groundwater Remediation Criteria Surface Water and Sediment Remediation Criteria Site Specific Conditions

5 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION ACTIVITIES

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Survey Soil Sampling, Screening and Analyses

6 SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL subsurface soil/FILL conditions Summary

7 SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Soil Data Usability

8 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Environmental Summary of RECs/AOCs Recommendations

9 LIMITATIONS

10 ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL SIGNATURE

TABLES

Table 1- Summary of Detected Analytes – Soil

Table 2- Summary of Detected Analytes – Groundwater

FIGURES

Figure 1 – Site Location Map

Figure 2 – Site Layout – Soil Boring / Monitoring Well Locations

APPENDICES

A Boring Logs/Well Construction Details

B Laboratory Analytical Reports - Soil

C Laboratory Analytical Reports - Groundwater

Phase II ESA

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

1 INTRODUCTION

Freeman Companies, LLC (Freeman) was retained by NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSING SERVICES OF WATERBURY to complete a Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) for the Adams Street, Waterbury project located at 19

Adams Street (the Site) in Waterbury, Connecticut. The Site consists of approximately 0.46 acres of land. The location of the Site is depicted on the Site Location Map based on the United States Geological Service map (Figure

1). The Site is currently developed as the Site is currently undeveloped. A residence was situated on the property prior to 2021. The residence had been damaged by fire prior to 2021. The building was demolished between 2021 and 2025. Previous investigations were conducted in 2015, 2016, 2020, and 2021.

The Phase II ESA scope-of-work was designed to meet the meet the requirements set forth in the ASTM

International (ASTM) Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site

Assessment Process, E1903-19. This practice covers a process for conducting a Phase II environmental site assessment of a parcel of property with respect to the presence or the likely presence of substances including but not limited to those within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability

Act (CERCLA) (e.g., hazardous substances), pollutants, contaminants, petroleum and petroleum products, and controlled substances and constituents thereof.

The Site is not being investigated and/or remediated under any State environmental program. In Connecticut, however, the “prevailing standards” for Site investigation and remediation include the Site Characterization

Guidance Document (SCGD) dated September 2007 and revised January 2015, and Sections 22a-133k-1 through

22a-133k-3 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies (R.C.S.A.), also known as the Remediation Standard

Regulations (RSRs).

Purpose

The investigation activities conducted at the Site were related to the findings of a Phase I ESA conducted by

Freeman in November 2015, a Phase II ESA conducted by Freeman in February 2016, a Phase I ESA conducted by

Freeman in November 2020, a Phase II ESA conducted by Freeman in April 2021, and a Phase I ESA conducted by

Freeman in October 2021. One Recognized Environmental Condition (REC) was identified. Specifically, excessive dumping/littering was observed at the 19 Adams Street property. Large areas of the Site were not observable due to structural damage, dumping, and/or debris on the property. Potential spills or releases may be present since the entirety of the property was not observed.

The purpose of the Phase II ESA was to collect sufficient information in order to determine whether a release has occurred at any of the identified RECs. A release is considered to have occurred if concentrations of Constituents of

Concern (COCs) are detected at a concentration above laboratory reporting, unless such detections can be shown to be attributable solely to naturally occurring or background conditions (i.e., metals).

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

Scope of Work

This report provides a summary of investigative methods and findings relative to this Phase II ESA conducted by

Freeman at the Site. Based on the identified RECs and/or AOCs, the following scope of work was developed:

• Oversee a ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey to clear utilities at boring locations.

• Oversee the advancement of up to eight (8) soil borings using direct push drilling methods.

• The collection and analysis of soil samples from each of the proposed soil borings. Select soil samples were to be analyzed for one or more of the following parameters: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by EPA

Method 8260, Extractable Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (ETPH) by the CT DPH approved method, and the Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) subset of SVOCs by EPA Method 8270, as appropriate.

• The preparation of a report documenting the findings of the investigation.

Previous Environmental Work

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment – Freeman, November 2015

• Freeman Companies conducted a Phase I ESA report for 16, 19, 22-24, 30, 21, and 35 Adams Street as well as 30

Grove Street.

• Three (3) RECs were identified at the Site:

o REC-1: A pile (approximately two dozen) of various used oil containers were located on the southern side of the 19 Adams Street property. While it was unclear on the exact purpose of the containers, there was evidence of spillage from the containers to the ground surface.

o REC-2: A former Printing and Machine Shop was located on the property immediately east of 24 and 30

Adams Street properties.

o REC-3: The property at 44 Grove Street contained a tile and sign manufacturer business that was located on the property boundary to 19 Adams Street.

• Based on the findings of this report, Freeman recommended an additional investigation be conducted on the parcels to address the above RECs.

• Asbestos and lead based paint may be present in the structures at 19 Adams Street and 30 Grove Street since the buildings were constructed in the early 1900s. A hazardous building materials investigation (HBMI) was recommended prior to demolition of the current buildings on the Site.

Phase II Environmental Site Assessment – Freeman, February 29, 2016

• Freeman Companies conducted a Phase II ESA for 16, 19, 22-24, 30, 31, and 35 Adams Street, as well as 30 Grove

Street. The investigation activities conducted at the Site were in part related to the findings of the Phase I ESA that was conducted at the Site by Freeman Companies in November 2015.

• Soil sampling activities were conducted on January 12, 2016, in which a total of ten soil borings were advanced within the Project Area as part of the investigation.

• With the exception of borings SB-1 and SB-7 all soil borings were advanced using a direct push drill rig.

o Refusal was encountered in a majority of the soil borings at depths ranging from 8-15 feet.

• Soil borings SB-1 and SB-7 were advanced using a hollow-stemmed auger drilling rig. Auger refusal was encountered ranging from 19-26 feet.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

• Following the completion of each soil boring and related soil sample collection activities, the resulting boreholes were either completed as a 1.5-inch diameter monitoring well (SB-1/MW-1 and SB-7/MW-2) or were backfilled with the drill cuttings that were generated from the borehole and/or with virgin well materials.

• Analytical results of the soil sample collected from SB-6 indicated a concentration of ETPH above remedial guidelines.

Laboratory analysis of the soil samples collected from borings SB-3, SB-7 and SB-8 indicated the presence of VOCs, PAHs, and/or ETPH at concentrations above default remedial guidelines. The soil sample collected from soil boring

SB-2 indicated the presence of carbon disulfide, which is a typical laboratory contaminant

• The sample results of the soil samples collected from SB-6 represent a release of motor oil from the pile of oil containers. The sample results from the soil samples collected from SB-3 and SB-8 appear to be related to building debris/urban fill which was identified within the soil borings. The sample results from SB-7 appear to be related to possible building debris (as demonstrated by the presence of wood debris) or a residual oil-based material.

• Based on the investigation, the following release areas were identified:

o Stack of oil containers – Area #1 at 19 Adams Street: A pile (approximately two dozen) of various used oil containers was located on the southern side of the property. While it was unclear on the exact purpose of the containers, there was evidence of spillage from the containers to the ground surface. Analytical results from the testing of soil within the area confirmed the presence of release. Based on observations, the release area will be contained to a small area and be surficial in extent.

o Building material/debris – Area #2 at 19 Adams Street: Boring logs from sampling locations at the rear of the property (SB-3 and SB-8) indicted the presence of black and white material debris at a depth of 6-8 feet.

Analytical results of samples collected from the material identified the presence of metals (primarily lead) and

SVOCs at concentrations below remedial guidelines. It is unclear what the material is, but likely was deposited as debris during the demolition of the structure formerly located at the rear of the property.

o Potential petroleum release – Area #3 at 16 Adams Street: Soil and groundwater sampling conducted at this location identified the presence of VOCs, SVOCs and ETPH in both soil and groundwater at concentration below remedial guidelines. The soil boring log from this location identified the presence of wood fragments at the same depth of where the impact was identified. This would indicate that the impact may be related to possible building debris, or a residual oil-based material associated with the former residential structure that was located at the site.

• Findings of the Phase II ESA identified minor releases to soil and/or groundwater from three (3) general locations within the project area. Only one (1) of the three (3) locations (SB-6) contained concentrations of constituents at a concentration exceeding remedial guidelines for soil. Based on the analytical results, although some minor impact to soil was identified on the 16 Adams and 19 Adams Street properties, overall site conditions did not identify the presence of any significant environmental impact. Urban fill material typically contains low concentrations of both petroleum hydrocarbons and metals.

• Groundwater sampling analytical results:

o MW-1: VOCs, Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), ETPH, and metals concentrations were detected below the remedial guidelines.

o MW-2: SOVCs, ETPH, and metals concentrations were detected below the remedial guidelines.

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment – Freeman, November 06, 2020

• Freeman Companies conducted a Phase I ESA for 16, 19, 22-24, 30, 31, and 35 Adams Street, as well as 30 Grove

Street.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

• One (1) Historical Recognized Environmental Condition (HREC) was identified at the Site. Records review indicated a previous release of twenty (20) gallons of #2 fuel oil which occurred from an above ground storage tank on December

23, 2006. According to the report under the CT DEEP spills database (#2006-08083), the spill was cleaned up and closed. The documented spill and subsequent cleanup was identified as an HREC on the Site.

• One (1) Recognized Environmental Condition (REC) was identified at the Site. During the site visit, excessive dumping/littering was observed at the 19 Adams Street property. 5-gallon buckets of unknown contents were observed in the collapsed shed behind the building, with wooden debris covering the majority of the area. The presence of 5-gallon containers may have contents that could impact the Site. Whole areas at 19 Adams Street were not observable due to structural damage, dumping, and/or debris on the property.

o This comes with the issue of potential spills or releases on the property as the entirety of it was not observed.

• Based on this Phase I ESA, Freeman recommended additional investigation be conducted on the 19 Adams Street parcel to address the above REC.

Limited Phase II Investigation – Freeman, April 05, 2021

• Freeman Companies conducted a Limited Phase II Investigation on 16, 19, 22-24, 30, 31, and 35 Adams Street, as well as 30 Grove Street because of dumping that was observed on Site.

• Soil sampling activities were conducted on March 19th, 2021, in which a total of four (4) surface soils samples were collected at the Subject Property.

o The soil samples were analyzed for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Extractable Total Petroleum

Hydrocarbons (ETPH).

• VOCs:

o Four (4) soils samples were analyzed for VOCs. VOCs were not detected above laboratory reporting limits in the four (4) sampled analyzed.

• ETPH:

o ETPH was detected at two (2) of the four (4) surface soil samples collected. The ETPH level in the two (2) samples exceeded CT RSR for RES DEC. No evidence of releases (discoloration, staining, sheen, odor, etc.) was observed on the Subject Property, however asphalt shingles were observed in a surficial manner on the soil. The ETPH detections may be related to the asphalt shingles on the Subject Property, or to an apparent minor surficial release.

o The impacted areas are likely to be surficial in the extent. These areas can be remediated at the time of redevelopment.

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment – Freeman, October 06, 2021

• Freeman Companies conducted a Phase I ESA report for 16, 19, 22-24, 30, 21, and 35 Adams Street as well as 30

Grove Street.

• One (1) Historical Recognized Environmental Condition (HREC) was identified at the Site. Records review indicated a previous release of twenty (20) gallons of #2 fuel oil which occurred from an above ground storage tank on December

23, 2006. According to the report under the CT DEEP spills database (#2006-08083), the spill was cleaned up and closed. The documented spill and subsequent cleanup were identified as an HREC on the Site.

• One (1) Recognized Environmental Condition (REC) was identified at the Site. During the Site visit, excessive dumping/littering was observed at the 19 Adams Street property. Whole areas at 19 Adams Street were not observable

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702 due to structural damage, dumping, and/or debris on the property. Potential spills or releases may be present since the entirety of the property was not observed.

• The REC identified in this Phase I ESA report was previously investigated in the April 2021 Phase II ESA investigation, and ETPH-impacted soil was found in the immediate subsurface soil on the 19 Adams Street property. Freeman recommended that soil management be conducted during Site redevelopment.

2 SITE DESCRIPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

General

The Site consists of one (1) parcel of land totaling approximately 0.46 acres. No buildings are located on the Site.

The Site is currently undeveloped. A residence was situated on the property prior to 2021. The residence had been damaged by fire prior to 2021. The building was demolished between 2021 and 2025. Previous investigations were conducted in 2015, 2016, 2020, and 2021.

Surrounding Land Use

The area in proximity to the Site consists primarily of undeveloped parcels, residences, churches, and a funeral home. The Site is generally bound by the following:

• To the North: Residences.

• To the South: An undeveloped property, Grove Street, and Chapel Memorial Funeral Home.

• To the East: Adams Street, followed by undeveloped properties; Refuge Church of Christ, and Bishop

Park and Martin Luther King Jr. Park

• To the West: First Lutheran Church ELCA, followed by Cooke Street.

Groundwater Classification

Based on review of the CT DEEP Water Quality Map, the property is located in a Class GB water quality area.

Current and Past Uses of the Property

The Site is currently vacant but was most recently used as a residence. Historical uses of the Site include single family residences.

3 GEOLOGIC INFORMATION

The physical conditions of the Site, including hydrological characteristics, are described in the following sections.

Site Topography

The topography of the Site is generally level.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

Wetlands

According to the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), there are no wetlands located on this site.

Site Soils and Geology

According to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey (WSS) for the State of

Connecticut (NRCS Webpage), the site is identified as primarily containing Urban Land Complex (306). A description of Urban Land Complex by the NRCS is as follows:

Urban Land Complex (306):

Urban Land Complex is described as moderately well drained to excessively drained soils that have been disturbed by cutting or filling, and areas that are covered by buildings and pavement.

4 REMEDIATION STANDARD REGULATIONS

The analytical results reported in this Phase II ESA have been compared to appropriate remediation criteria listed in the

CT DEEP’s RSRs. The RSRs (Sections 22a-133k-1 through 22a-133k-3 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies) form the basis for evaluation of site conditions with respect to environmental impacts and their associated risk factors to human health and the environment. The CT DEEP uses the RSRs to determine whether sufficient remediation has been conducted at sites that are required by statute, regulation, or administrative order to be remediated, or that are remediated through a formal voluntary remediation process.

The RSRs provide: (1) baseline specific criteria that may be used at any site to determine whether or not remediation is necessary, (2) self-implementing alternatives to the baseline criteria for specific circumstances, (3) self-implementing exceptions to the criteria for specific circumstances, and (4) an opportunity to request approval of site-specific alternatives to the self-implementing standards and the options for remediation from the CT DEEP Commissioner.

Soil Remediation Criteria

The CT DEEP soil remediation criteria integrate two risk-based goals: (1) Direct Exposure Criteria (DEC) to protect human health and the environment from risks associated with direct exposure (ingestion, dermal contact, inhalation) to contaminated soil; and (2) Pollutant Mobility Criteria (PMC) to protect groundwater quality from contaminants that migrate or leach from the soil to groundwater. Soils to which both criteria apply must be remediated to a level which is equal to the more stringent criteria.

Direct Exposure Criteria

Specific numeric exposure criteria for a broad range of contaminants in soil have been established by the CT DEEP, based on exposure assumptions relative to incidental ingestion of contaminants in soils. The DEC applies to accessible soil to a depth of 15 feet. The DEC for substances other than PCBs does not apply to inaccessible soil at a release area provided that, if such inaccessible soil is less than 15 feet below the ground surface, an environmental use restriction (EUR) is in effect with respect to the subject release area.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

Inaccessible soil generally means polluted soil which is the following:

• More than four feet below the ground surface.

• More than two feet below a paved surface comprised of a minimum of three inches of bituminous pavement or concrete.

• Beneath an existing building; or

• Beneath another permanent structure(s) approved by the CT DEEP Commissioner. Buildings can be constructed and/or clean fill can be placed over contaminated soils rendering them inaccessible.

Polluted soil is defined in the RSRs as containing concentrations of constituents above laboratory analytical reporting limits. “Contaminated soil” is not defined in the RSRs.

The CTDEEP has established two sets of DEC using exposure assumptions appropriate for residential land use

(DEC-RES) or for industrial and certain commercial land use (DEC-I/C). In general, all sites are required to be remediated to the residential criteria. If the industrial/commercial land use criteria are applicable and used, an EUR notification is required in accordance with the RSRs.

Pollutant Mobility Criteria

The PMC that are used for remediation determination of a site depends on the groundwater classification of the site.

The PMC generally apply to Site soil in the unsaturated zone, from the ground surface to the seasonal-high water table in GB classified areas. The criteria do not apply to environmentally isolated soils that are polluted with substances other than VOCs provided that an EUR is recorded for the release area which ensures that such soils will not be exposed (unless approved in writing by the CT DEEP Commissioner). Environmentally isolated soils are defined as certain polluted soils which are below the seasonal low water table, beneath an existing building and not a source of ongoing pollution. An EUR must be recorded for the site which ensures that such soils will not be exposed as a result of building demolition or other activities. Buildings can be constructed over polluted soils rendering them environmentally isolated.

Remediation based upon the listed PMC requires that a substance, other than an inorganic substance or PCB, in soil be remediated to at least that concentration at which the results of a mass analysis of soil for such substances does not exceed the PMC applicable to the groundwater classification (i.e., GA or GB) of the area in which the soil is located. An inorganic substance or PCB in soil must be remediated to at least that concentration at which the analytical results of leachate produced from Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) or Toxicity

Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) does not exceed the PMC applicable to the groundwater classification of the area in which the soil is located. As an alternative method for determining compliance with the PMC, the analytical results of leachate produced from SPLP or TCLP for most volatile, semi-volatile and petroleum compounds can be compared to the Groundwater Protection Criterion (GWPC) for such substance in GA areas, and

GWPC time 10 in GB areas.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

Groundwater Remediation Criteria

Groundwater remediation requirements are dependent upon the groundwater classification of the site, the discharge of groundwater to surface water bodies, and land use over the groundwater plume. The objectives of these standards are the following:

• Protect existing use of groundwater regardless of the area’s groundwater classification.

• Prevent further degradation of groundwater quality.

• Prevent degradation of surface water from discharges of contaminated groundwater; and

• Protect human health and the environment.

Several factors influence the remediation goal at a given site, including background water quality, the groundwater classification, the proximity of nearby surface water, existing groundwater uses, and the presence of buildings and their usage. When assessing general groundwater remediation requirements, all of these factors must be considered in conjunction with the major numeric components of the RSRs.

Groundwater Protection Criteria

Groundwater Protection Criteria (GWPC) apply to groundwater classified as GA or to groundwater classified as GB in areas influenced by a potable water supply or migrating into a Class GA area. For substances in groundwater in a

GA area, remediation to the background concentration may not be required if the concentration of each substance in a groundwater plume is equal to or less than the groundwater protection criteria and one of the following conditions exist:

• A public water supply distribution system is available within two hundred (200) feet of the parcel on which the release area is located, within two hundred (200) feet of all adjacent parcels, and within two hundred (200) feet of any parcel within the areal extent of the groundwater plume;

• Such groundwater plume is not located in an aquifer protection area; and

• Such groundwater plume is not located within the area of influence of any public water supply well;

or

• Prior to any soil or groundwater remediation, the groundwater plume is a diminishing state groundwater plume;

or

• Each substance in groundwater is remediated to a concentration equal to or less than the groundwater protection criteria, and further reduction of the concentrations of such substances to the background concentration cannot be achieved using sound engineering and hydrogeologic remediation practices.

Surface Water Protection Criteria

Surface Water Protection Criteria (SWPC) apply to a groundwater plume at the point where the plume discharges to a surface water body. These criteria are established to ensure that surface water quality is not impaired by the discharge of contaminated groundwater into a surface water body at contaminant concentrations above the Water

Quality Standards. The SWPC assume that the contamination in the plume will be diluted in the surface water body.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

Therefore, in cases where dilution does not take place, alternate criteria must be used. The remediation goal of a groundwater plume for surface water protection is the chronic aquatic life criteria in Table 3 of the Water Quality

Standards if 1) the plume discharges to a wetland or an intermittent stream or 2) the areal extent of the plume occupies more than 0.5% of the upstream drainage basin.

Groundwater Volatilization Criteria

The CT DEEP has established specific numeric exposure criteria for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in groundwater, based on exposure assumptions relative to vapor migration into buildings overlying a groundwater plume. Volatile organic substances in groundwater shall be remediated to a concentration that is equal to or less than the Groundwater Volatilization Criteria for residential properties (GWVC-RES). Each volatile organic substance in groundwater may be remediated to a concentration that is equal to or less than the industrial/commercial volatilization criteria for groundwater, provided that the subject area above the groundwater polluted with volatile organic substances 1) is not used for residential activity, 2) has limited access only to those individuals working at or temporarily visiting for industrial/commercial activity; and 3) an EUR is in effect for the subject area or the entire parcel, which restriction shall prohibit residential activity; and limit access only to those individuals working at or temporarily visiting for industrial/commercial activity. GWVC apply to volatile organic substances (other than volatile petroleum substances) within thirty (30) feet or less of the ground surface and within thirty (30) feet or less of the lowest portion of a building under which groundwater is polluted with such substances and to volatile petroleum substances, within ten (10) feet or less of the ground surface and within ten (10) feet or less of the lowest portion of a building under which groundwater is polluted with such substances. Remediation to the GWVC may not be required if the substances in groundwater exceeding volatilization criteria are not at the water table.

In GB groundwater classified areas, SWPC and GWVC apply. GWPC would apply as well if the area was influenced by a potable water supply.

Surface Water and Sediment Remediation Criteria

The RSRs do not currently have specific surface water or sediment remediation requirements. Concentrations of contaminants in surface water can be compared to the chronic aquatic life criteria in Table 3 of the Water Quality

Standards. Concentrations of contaminants in sediment are compared to background sample results in order to determine if impact has occurred. Pollution in surface water and sediment is addressed on a case-by-case basis to determine if the requirement to address polluted surface water and sediment is triggered.

Site Specific Conditions

Based on Site specific information, soil data shall be regulated by DEC-RES and PMC-GB. Groundwater data shall be regulated by SWPC and GWVC-RES.

5 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION ACTIVITIES

The primary objective of the Phase II ESA was to conduct an investigation of identified RECs and AOCs in order to determine whether there has been a release(s) to the environment associated with previous/current activities conducted at

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702 the Site. To achieve the stated objective, the subsurface investigation activities were designed to include both environmental setting and contaminant identification investigations.

The approach, procedures, and results of the Site investigation activities are presented for each REC and AOC as appropriate.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Survey

A GPR survey was conducted at the Subject Site on March 21, 2025 by CorBuilt LLC. The purpose of the survey was to clear utilities at boring locations.

Soil Sampling, Screening and Analyses

The primary purpose of the soil characterization portion of the Phase II ESA was to define the nature/presence of target contaminants in the unconsolidated materials in both the saturated and unsaturated zones associated with the identified REC’s. In addition, the boring program also provided information on Site stratigraphy and physical properties of the unconsolidated materials in both the saturated and unsaturated zones with particular emphasis on the characteristics of those materials that affect contaminant migration pathways and transport mechanisms.

Soil sampling activities were conducted on March 28, 2025, in which a total of eight (8) soil borings were advanced at the Site as part of the investigation. GroundH2O of Newington, Connecticut advanced the soil borings utilizing an

AMS Power Probe 9520 VTR direct push drill rig, under the direct supervision of Freeman field personnel. The location for each of the soil borings was chosen to maximize the information obtained based on Freeman’s understanding of existing site conditions and identified REC. The location of soil borings on the Site are depicted on the Site Layout (Figure 2). Upon retrieval of each soil sample, the supervising field personnel visually inspected each sample for staining, color, and moisture content. The samples were then described for physical characteristics and logged. Soil boring logs are provided in Appendix A. The following section describes the specific soil borings and sampling performed to define Site stratigraphy, soil properties, and soil contaminant profiles for each REC.

REC #1: Debris/Dumping

Eight (8) soil borings (SB01 through SB08) were advanced to depths of 10 feet below grade (ftbg). Two (2) soil samples were collected from each soil boring. Samples were biased to depths exhibiting evidence of impact such as soil discoloration, staining, sheen, odor, elevated PID reading, etc. If no evidence of impact was present, samples were collected from shallow depths (0.00 to 1.00 ftbg) and from the top of the natural soil layer.

Soil samples were placed in appropriate laboratory-supplied containers and chilled immediately on ice for transit to

Phoenix Analytical Laboratories of Manchester, Connecticut (Phoenix). Freeman personnel maintained possession of the samples until transfer to the laboratory-provided courier for transit to the laboratory. A chain-of-custody form accompanied the samples from their collection point to delivery at Phoenix. Complete chain-of-custody forms are included with the laboratory analytical data reports for soil samples as provided in Appendix B. The selected soil samples were analyzed for VOCs via EPA Method 8260D, PAHs] via EPA Method 8270E, and ETPH via CT DEEP approved method.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

6 SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL SUBSURFACE SOIL/FILL CONDITIONS

Summary

Three (3) primary subsurface material units were identified during this investigation: topsoil, urban fill, and native soils.

Topsoil consisted of brown silt with little fine to coarse sand and fine gravel and included roots and organic material.

Urban fill consisted of varying amounts of silt, sand (fine to coarse) and gravel (fine to medium). Brick and coal fragments were noted in the fill material in several soil cores. The thickness of the fill layer ranged from 0.00 to at least 8.13 feet.

Natural soil consisted of tan silt with a trace of fine to coarse sand.

7 SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Soil

A total of sixteen (16) soil samples were analyzed for various target constituents as described herein. A summary of the soil analytical data is provided in Table 1, and a discussion of the results within each REC and/or AOC is provided below.

Eight (8) borings were advanced to depths of 10 ftbg in REC #1. Two (2) soil samples were collected from each boring. The first sample was collected from a depth near the top of the fill layer and the second was collected from the natural soils, if present. Soil samples were biased to depths exhibiting evidence of contamination (discoloration, staining, sheen, separate phase product, odor, etc.). Soil samples were placed in appropriate sample containers and submitted to a State certified environmental laboratory under strict Chain-of-Custody protocols. The samples were analyzed for Volatile Organic Compounds + 1.4-Dioxane by EPA Method 8260D, Extractable Total Petroleum

Hydrocarbons (ETPH) by the Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) approved method, and Polycyclic

Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by EPA Method 8270E.

VOCs were not detected above analytical reporting limits in any of the samples analyzed. ETPH was detected in one soil sample (SB04-01) at a concentration of 100 mg/Kg; which was below the DEC-RES of 500 mg/Kg. ETPH was not detected above analytical reporting limits in any of the other samples analyzed.

PAHs were detected at concentrations exceeding DEC-RES and PMC-GB in soil samples SB01-01, SB02-01, SB02-02, SB03-02, SB04-01, SB05-01, SB06-01, and SB08-01. These samples were collected from the shallow fill, with the exception of SB02-02 and SB03-02. Boring SB02 was located near the southeastern corner of the former residence. Concentrations of PAHs were similar in both the shallow and deep samples collected from soil boring

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

SB02, suggesting that the soil was impacted at the time of placement onsite. PAHs were also detected at concentrations above analytical reporting limits in sample SB03-02; however, only Benzo(b)fluoranthene (1.2 mg/Kg) exceeded the DEC-RES of 1 mg/Kg and the PMC-GB of 1 mg/Kg. PAHs were not detected above analytical reporting limits in the shallower soil sample collected from the soil boring (SB03-01).

Data Usability

The purpose of this sampling effort was to evaluate soil quality at the Site by analyzing samples collected from the

Site for VOCs, PAHs, and ETPH. The data quality objective was to obtain data of sufficient quality to make this determination.

Samples were obtained from the locations proposed in this report and Phoenix Laboratories analyzed all the samples submitted for the specified methods. All the sample analyses were performed using the CT DEEP’s

Reasonable Confidence Protocol (RCP) procedures. The reported data included an RCP checklist which indicated that not all data was compliant with the RCPs. The VOA (Volatile Organic Analytes) narrative stated that “The QC recoveries for one or more analytes is below the method criteria. A slight low bias is likely. (Bromomethane, Acetone, Trichlorofluoromethane).” Freeman notes that no VOCs were detected in any of the samples analyzed.

Even without a “slight low bias,” analytical results would not likely be above applicable remediation criteria.

Therefore, the slight low bias is not considered a significant data gap in the investigation.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

8 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Environmental Summary of RECs/AOCs

During a Phase I Site visit on October 6, 2021, excessive dumping/littering was observed at the 19 Adams

Street property. Large areas of the Site were not observable due to structural damage, dumping, and/or debris on the property. Potential spills or releases may have been present since the entirety of the property was not observed. The REC identified in this Phase I ESA report was previously investigated in the April 2021 Phase II ESA investigation, and ETPH-impacted soil was found in the immediate subsurface soil on the 19 Adams Street property at locations S2, S3, and SB6. Concentrations of PAHs below RSR criteria were also identified in sample SB-3 from a depth of 5 to 6 feet below grade. Freeman recommended that soil management be conducted during Site redevelopment. The ground surface was potentially impacted by PAHs and ETPH as a result of debris dumped onsite and due to a fire in the former

Site residence. The highest concentrations of contaminants were anticipated to be in the surficial soils, with concentrations decreasing with depth and with lateral distance from the center of the spill.

Contaminants may also spread laterally due to “wicking” as they move downward.

In general, the results of the current Phase II investigation are consistent with the previous Conceptual

Site Model (CSM). Two (2) exceptions are the presence of PAHs at depth in soil borings SB02 and SB03.

Elevated concentrations of ETPH were identified during previous investigations in soil borings S2 and SB-

6, which are located in proximity to SB02. These results are consistent with a release of petroleum to the ground surface, with contaminants migrating vertically downward near the center of the release. Boring

SB02 appears to be located near the center of the release. As noted above, PAHs were also detected at concentrations above analytical reporting limits in sample SB03-02; however, only Benzo(b)fluoranthene

(1.2 mg/Kg) exceeded the DEC-RES of 1 mg/Kg and the PMC-GB of 1 mg/Kg. PAHs were not detected above analytical reporting limits in the shallower soil sample collected from the soil boring (SB03-01). This result is consistent with the sample being collected at the edge of the release area.

Recommendations

Site Soils

Based on the results of this Phase II environmental Site Assessment, Freeman is of the opinion that no further investigation of Site soils is required.

Freeman recommends that a Soil Management Plan be prepared prior to redevelopment of the Site. The plan should include removal of shallow PAH-impacted soils. In addition, spot removal of PAH and ETPH-impacted soils in the area of SB02 should be conducted.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

9 LIMITATIONS

This report is prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of the NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSING SERVICES OF

WATERBURY (Client) and is subject to and issued in accordance with the Agreement and the provisions thereof. This report and any findings contained therein shall not, in whole or in part, be provided to or used by any other person, firm, entity or governmental agency in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Client and Freeman Companies.

However, Freeman Companies acknowledges and agrees that, subject to the Limitations set forth herein and prior written approval by Freeman Companies, this report may be provided to specific financial institutions, attorneys, title insurers, lessees and/or governmental agencies identified by Client at or about the time of issuance of the report in connection with the conveyance, mortgaging, leasing, or similar transaction involving the real property which is the subject matter of a report and any work product. Use of this report for any purpose by any persons, firm, entity, or governmental agency shall be deemed acceptance of the restrictions and conditions contained therein, these Limitations and the provisions of

Freeman Companies’ Agreement with Client. No warranty, express or implied, is made by way of Freeman Companies’ performance of services or providing an environmental site assessment, including but not limited to any warranty with the contents of a report or with any and all work product.

In preparing a report, Freeman Companies may rely on certain information provided by governmental agencies or personnel as well as information and/or representations provided by other persons, firms, or entities, and on information in the files of governmental agencies made available to Freeman Companies at the time of the site assessment. To the extent that such information, representations, or files may be inaccurate, missing, incomplete or not provided to Freeman

Companies, Freeman Companies is not responsible. Although there may be some degree of overlap in the information provided by these various sources, Freeman Companies does not assume responsibility for independently verifying the accuracy, authenticity, or completeness of any and all information reviewed by or received from others during the course of the site assessment.

No attempt is made to assess the compliance status of any past or present Owner or Operator of a site with any Federal, state, or local laws or regulations, unless specifically indicated otherwise in writing.

Findings, observations, and conclusions presented in this report, including but not limited to the extent of any subsurface explorations or other tests performed by Freeman Companies, are limited by the scope of services outlined in the

Agreement, which may establish schedule and/or budgetary constraints for an environmental assessment or phase thereof. Furthermore, while it is anticipated that each assessment will be performed in accordance with generally accepted professional practices and applicable standards (such as ASTM, etc.) and then applicable state and Federal regulations, as may be further described in the report and/or the Agreement, Freeman Companies does not assume responsibility for the impacts of any changes in environmental standards, practices, or regulations subsequent to performance of its services.

The assessment presented in each report is based solely upon information obtained or received prior to issuance of the report, including a limited number of subsurface explorations (if performed) made on the dates indicated. If additional environmental or other relevant information is developed at a later date, Client agrees to bring such information to the attention of Freeman Companies promptly. Upon evaluation of such information, Freeman Companies reserves the right to recommend modification of this report and its conclusions.

Waterbury, Connecticut 06702

Groundwater samples that are collected for analysis or water level measurements taken from monitoring wells, such results/observations are provided as representative of conditions at the times stated in this report. Fluctuations in groundwater elevation may occur due to variations in precipitation cycle and multiple other factors, which may influence the concentrations of constituents present in the groundwater. Should additional data become available in the future, such data should be provided to Freeman Companies for review and Freeman Companies reserves the right to recommend modification of this report and its conclusions.

Except as may be noted specifically within the text of this report, no laboratory testing is performed as part of a site assessment. If such analyses have been conducted by an outside laboratory, Freeman Companies may rely upon the analyses or data provided, and makes no representation that an independent evaluation of the reliability of such testing has been conducted, with the exception of reviewing standard quality assurance/quality control data that may have been provided with the test results.

Although chemical analyses may be performed for specific parameters at specific locations during the course of a site assessment, as described in a report, the results are not definitive regarding the presence of the parameters at other concentrations or the absence of the parameters at other locations on the site. Additional chemical constituents not included in the list of analyzed parameters for a study may be present in soil and/or ground water at a site, and Freeman

Companies assumes no responsibility for chemical constituents or parameters not analyzed.

If included, any database search is conducted under the Notice of Disclaimer/Waiver of Liability included in the database search report.

10 ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL SIGNATURE

The author of this report declares that, to the best of our professional knowledge and belief, I meet the definition of Environmental Professional as defined in §312.10 of 40 CFR 312. The author of this report has the specific qualifications based on education, training, and experience to assess a property of the nature, history, and setting of the subject property. The author has developed and performed the all appropriate inquiries in the conformance with the standards and practices set forth in 40 CFR 312.

Prepared by: Reviewed and Approved by:

Daniel White, LEP Charlotte Cyr Manager of Environmental Services Environmental Scientist

TABLES

TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF DETECTED ANALYTES - SOIL

Phoenix Environmental Laboratories, Inc.

587 East Middle Turnpike

P.O. Box 370 Lab Sample Id

Manchester, CT 06040 Collection Date

(860) 645-1102 Client Id

Matrix

Project Id : ADAMS ST.

PO # : 2015-1013-ASA#6 CAS Units DEC RES DEC RES APS GB PMC GB PMC APS Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL Result RL

Miscellaneous/Inorganics

Percent Solid PHNX - PCTSOLID % 90 89 96 86 91 93 87 90 90 81 90 89 88 90 86 88

TPH By CTETPH

Ext. Petroleum H.C. (C9-C36) PHNX - ETPH mg/Kg 500 < 280 280 < 56 56 < 260 260 < 290 290 < 55 55 < 260 260 100 57 < 56 56 < 280 280 < 61 61 < 280 280 < 56 56 < 280 280 < 55 55 < 290 290 < 57 57

Identification PHNX - TPH-IDENT mg/Kg < < < < < < ** < < < < < < < < <

Volatiles By SW8260D

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 630-20-6 mg/Kg 24 0.2 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.2 0.2

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6 mg/Kg 500 40 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 mg/Kg 3.1 0.1 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0041 0.0041 < 0.0026 0.0026 < 0.0032 0.0032 < 0.0029 0.0029 < 0.0028 0.0028 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.0029 0.0029 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.0036 0.0036 < 0.0037 0.0037 < 0.0033 0.0033 < 0.0032 0.0032 < 0.0031 0.0031 < 0.0041 0.0041 < 0.0035 0.0035 < 0.003 0.003 < 0.1 0.1

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5 mg/Kg 11 1 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 mg/Kg 500 14 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,1-Dichloroethene 75-35-4 mg/Kg 1 1.4 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,1-Dichloropropene 563-58-6 mg/Kg < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 87-61-6 mg/Kg < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.35 0.35 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.42 0.42 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 96-18-4 mg/Kg < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.35 0.35 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.42 0.42 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 mg/Kg 21 14 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.35 0.35 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.42 0.42 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 mg/Kg 500 28 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.35 0.35 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.42 0.42 < 0.006 0.006 < 0.0061 0.0061 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0052 0.0052 < 0.0069 0.0069 < 0.0059 0.0059 < 0.005 0.005 < 0.25 0.25

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 mg/Kg 0.09 0.04 < 0.0087 0.0087 < 0.0068 0.0068 < 0.0044 0.0044 < 0.0053 0.0053 < 0.0048 0.0048 < 0.0046 0.0046 < 0.0056 0.0056 < 0.0048…