T9074 AS GIB 010 271 Requirements for Non-Destructive Testing Methods.pdf

T9074-AS-GIB-010/271

REVISION 1

NAVSEA TECHNICAL PUBLICATION

REQUIREMENTS FOR

NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING

METHODS

THIS REVISION SUPERSEDES T9074-AS-GIB-010/271 DATED 30 APRIL 1997.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.

PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

11 SEPTEMBER 2014

T9074-AS-GIB-010/271 Rev 1

A

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Dispose of superseded pages in accordance with applicable regulations.

Dates of issue for original and subsequent revisions:

Original ................................ 30 April 1997

ACN-1 ................................. 16 February 1999

Revision 1 ............................ 11 September 2014

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 116, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

Page No.

Title and A CHENG’s Intent/blank i-xiii/(xiv blank) 1-1 through 1-5/(1-6 blank) 2-1 through 2-3/(2-4 blank) 3-1 through 3-27/(3-28 blank) 4-1 through 4-8 5-1 through 5-6 6-1 through 6-26 7-1 through 7-4 8-1 through 8-2 9-1/(9-2 blank) A-1 through A-4 B-1 through B-7/(B-8 blank)

CHENG’S INTENT

NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AS-GIB-010/271, Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods, was last revised in 1999 with issuance of Advanced Change Notice 1 (dated 16 February 1999) and covers the requirements for conducting nondestructive testing (NDT) used in determining the presence of discontinuities in metals. It also contains the minimum requirements necessary to qualify NDT personnel, procedures, and equipment.

The NAVSEA Chief Engineer’s (CHENG’s) intent for the changes in Revision 1 is to reduce nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) costs without reducing quality or capability. Examples such as the allowance of local approvals at Regional Maintenance Centers (RMCs), allowing delegation of some NDT Examiner duties to allow work flexibility, addition of Selenium-75 as a gamma radiation source option that potentially reduces radiation boundary footprints, and usage of computed radiography (CR) to evaluate pipe wall erosion/corrosion through lagging are expected to meet the Commander’s affordability expectations. Several changes, such as deleting the use of direct current (DC) yokes for magnetic particle testing (MT) and requiring local NDT Examiners to approve light-emitting diode (LED) lighting sources are known performance improvements the Shipyards have agreed to implement.

The use of the latest, affordable tools and methods for NDT&E is encouraged, and implementation of Revision 1 is expected to be an overall improvement in NDT&E affordability. Should you find this intent is not being realized upon use of this revision, please contact the NDT&E Technical Warrant Holder, Dr. Kirsten Green (SEA 05P2) at (301) 227-5074, for resolution. Errors, omissions, discrepancies, and suggestions for improvement to Revision 1 shall also be submitted as a Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report (TMDER). The NAVSEA/SPAWAR Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report form, NAVSEA 4160/1 is included at the back of this document.

L. B. FULLER

Rear Admiral, USN

NAVSEA CHENG

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Paragraph Page

CHENG’S INTENT

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... x

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................................... xi

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER 1 SCOPE .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 GENERAL. ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.1.1 Inspection Areas. .............................................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1.2 Calibration. ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1.3 Safety. ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 CLASSIFICATION. ................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.4 TIME OF INSPECTION. ........................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.5 GENERAL DEFINITIONS. ....................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.5.1 Authorized Representative of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). ................................................ 1-2

1.5.2 Government inspector. ..................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.5.3 Activity. ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-2

1.5.4 Nominal Thickness. .......................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.5.5 Level III NDT Examiner. ................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5.6 Level I NDT Operator. ..................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.5.7 Level II NDT Inspector. ................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.6 NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION. .............................................................................. 1-2

1.6.1 Training and Experience Requirements for Initial Certification. ...................................................................... 1-2

1.6.1.1 Limited Certifications. ................................................................................................................................ 1-2

1.6.2 Examiner Personnel Testing Requirements. ..................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6.2.1 Examiner Specific Examination. ................................................................................................................ 1-3

1.6.3 Certification of Personnel. ................................................................................................................................ 1-3

1.6.3.1 Other Methods. ........................................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6.4 Recertification. ................................................................................................................................................. 1-3

1.6.4.1 Maintenance. .............................................................................................................................................. 1-3

1.6.5 Alternate Certification. ..................................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6.5.1 Naval Personnel. ......................................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6.5.2 Other Certification Programs. ..................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6.6 Assessment. ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.6.7 Vision Tests. ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.6.7.1 General. ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.6.7.2 Vision Correction. ...................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.6.8 Personnel Records. ........................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.6.9 NDT Certification Transfer. ............................................................................................................................. 1-4

1.6.10 Oversight. ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.6.10.1 Annual Surveillances. ............................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.6.10.2 Technical Performance Evaluations. ........................................................................................................ 1-4

1.7 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION AND APPROVAL. ............................................................................................ 1-5

1.7.1 Development and Certification. ........................................................................................................................ 1-5

1.7.2 Qualification. .................................................................................................................................................... 1-5 ii

1.7.3 Approval. ..........................................................................................................................................................1-5

1.7.4 Transfer.............................................................................................................................................................1-5

1.8 INSPECTION RECORDS. .........................................................................................................................................1-5

1.8.1 General. ............................................................................................................................................................1-5

1.8.2 Inspection Record Attributes that Do Not Change............................................................................................1-5

1.8.3 Signature. ..........................................................................................................................................................1-5

1.8.4 Maintenance of Inspection Records. .................................................................................................................1-5

CHAPTER 2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .........................................................................................................................2-1

2.1 GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS. ..............................................................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Specifications, Standards, and Handbooks. ......................................................................................................2-1

2.1.2 Other Government Documents, Drawings and Publications. ............................................................................2-1

2.2 NON-GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. ................................................................................................................2-2

2.3 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE. .....................................................................................................................................2-3

CHAPTER 3 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING ...........................................................................................................................3-1

3.1 INTENDED USE........................................................................................................................................................3-1

3.2 DEFINITIONS. ..........................................................................................................................................................3-1

3.2.1 Material Thickness (Tm). ..................................................................................................................................3-1

3.2.2 Maximum Effective Radiation Source Dimension. ...........................................................................................3-1

3.2.3 Multiple Film Technique. .................................................................................................................................3-1

3.2.4 Specimen Thickness (Ts). .................................................................................................................................3-1

3.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. .................................................................................................................................3-1

3.3.1 Extent of Radiographic Inspection. ...................................................................................................................3-2

3.3.1.1 Radiographic Shooting Sketch (RSS) for Castings. ....................................................................................3-2

3.3.1.2 Inspection of Heat-Treated Items. ...............................................................................................................3-2

3.3.1.3 Inspection of Machined Items. ....................................................................................................................3-2

3.3.1.4 Inspection of Weldments. ...........................................................................................................................3-2

3.3.2 Radiographic Procedure. ..................................................................................................................................3-2

3.3.2.1 Minimum Radiographic Procedure Requirements. .....................................................................................3-2

3.4 RADIOGRAPHY REQUIREMENTS. .......................................................................................................................3-3

3.4.1 Direction of Radiation. .....................................................................................................................................3-3

3.4.2 Screens and Filters. ...........................................................................................................................................3-3

3.4.3 Film. ..................................................................................................................................................................3-3

3.4.3.1 Film Quality. ...............................................................................................................................................3-3

3.4.3.2 Film Density................................................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.3.3 Multiple Film Techniques. ..........................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.4 Filmless Techniques. ........................................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.5 Radiation Sources. ............................................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.6 Source-To-Film Distance. .................................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.6.1 Calculations. ...............................................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.6.2 Film-Specimen Contact. ..............................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.6.3 Reduced Source-To-Film Distance. ............................................................................................................3-4

3.4.7 Radiographic Location Markers. ......................................................................................................................3-5

3.4.8 Film Identification. ...........................................................................................................................................3-5

3.4.9 Maintenance of Radiographic Records. ............................................................................................................3-5

3.4.10 Darkroom Facilities. .......................................................................................................................................3-5

3.4.11 Film Viewing Facilities. ..................................................................................................................................3-5

3.4.11.1 Film Viewing Equipment. .........................................................................................................................3-5

3.4.12 Surface Preparation of Components and Welds Prior to Radiography. ..........................................................3-5

3.4.13 Safety. .............................................................................................................................................................3-5

3.4.14 Interpretation of Radiographs. ........................................................................................................................3-6

3.4.15 Radiographic Records. ....................................................................................................................................3-6 iii

3.4.16 Availability of Radiographs. ........................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.5 PENETRAMETERS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-7

3.5.1 Penetrameter Material. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-7

3.5.1.1 Dissimilar Metal Welds. ............................................................................................................................. 3-8

3.5.1.1.1 Dissimilar Metal Welds of Same Group. .............................................................................................. 3-8

3.5.1.1.2 Dissimilar Metal Welds of Different Groups. ....................................................................................... 3-8

3.5.1.2 Other Metals. .............................................................................................................................................. 3-8

3.5.2 Penetrameter Dimensions. ................................................................................................................................ 3-8

3.5.3 Penetrameter Identification............................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.5.3.1 Lead Number Placement for Circular Penetrameters. ................................................................................. 3-8

3.5.3.2 Identification for Special Quality Levels. ................................................................................................... 3-8

3.5.4 Penetrameter Selection. .................................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.5.4.1 Welds. ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.5.4.2 Castings and Forgings. ................................................................................................................................ 3-9

3.5.5 Number, Location, and Placement of Penetrameters. ..................................................................................... 3-10

3.5.5.1 Penetrameter Location. ............................................................................................................................. 3-10

3.5.5.1.1 Film-Side Penetrameter Technique (Double-Wall Exposure). ........................................................... 3-10

3.5.5.1.2 Film-Side Penetrameter Technique (Single-Wall Exposure). ............................................................. 3-10

3.5.5.1.3 Separate Block Penetrameter Technique. ........................................................................................... 3-10

3.5.5.2 Requirements for Castings and Forgings. ................................................................................................. 3-10

3.5.5.3 Requirements for Welds. .......................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.5.5.3.1 Penetrameter Image Position. ............................................................................................................. 3-11

3.5.5.3.2 Penetrameter Image Location. ............................................................................................................ 3-11

3.5.5.3.3 Penetrameters on Weld. ...................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.5.5.3.4 Penetrameter Orientation. ................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.5.5.3.5 Obstructions. ....................................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.5.5.3.6 Tapered and Fillet Welds. ................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.5.5.4 Radiography of Parts. ............................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.6 SHIMS. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.7 RADIOGRAPHIC QUALITY LEVELS. ................................................................................................................. 3-14

3.7.1 X-ray Radiography. ........................................................................................................................................ 3-15

3.7.2 Radioisotope Radiography. ............................................................................................................................ 3-15

3.8 SINGLE-WALL AND DOUBLE-WALL RADIOGRAPHY. ................................................................................. 3-15

3.8.1 Single-Wall Radiography. .............................................................................................................................. 3-15

3.8.2 Double-Wall Radiography. ............................................................................................................................. 3-15

3.8.2.1 Double-Wall Exposure/Single-Wall Viewing. .......................................................................................... 3-15

3.8.2.2 Double-Wall Exposure/Double-Wall Viewing. ........................................................................................ 3-15

3.9 RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIR WELDS. ................................................................................................................ 3-16

3.10 RADIOGRAPHY OF CASTINGS AND FORGINGS. ......................................................................................... 3-16

3.11 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM OWNERSHIP. .............................................................................................................. 3-16

CHAPTER 4 MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING ................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1 INTENDED USE. ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 DEFINITIONS. .......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2.1 Relevant Indications. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2.2 Indication. ......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2.3 Non-Relevant Indications. ................................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.3 MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS. .................................................................................. 4-1

4.3.1 General Requirements. ..................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.3.1.1 Method. ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.3.1.1.1 Lighting in Test Area. ........................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.3.1.2 Procedure. ................................................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.3.1.3 Inspection Through Coatings. ..................................................................................................................... 4-2 iv

4.3.1.4 Surface Preparation. ....................................................................................................................................4-2

4.3.1.4.1 Cleaning and Masking. ..........................................................................................................................4-2

4.3.1.4.2 Cleaning Solution. .................................................................................................................................4-2

4.3.1.5 Direction of Magnetization. ........................................................................................................................4-2

4.3.1.6 Demagnetizing Apparatus. .............................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.1.6.1 Demagnetization. ..................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.1.7 Equipment Accuracy. ..................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.1.7.1 DC Portable Prod and Stationary Magnetic Particle Equipment. ..........................................................4-3

4.3.1.7.2 Yoke Equipment. ..................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.1.8 Magnetizing Current. ..................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.1.9 Record Requirements. .................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.2 Wet Method. .....................................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.2.1 General Requirements. ................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.2.1.1 Equipment. ............................................................................................................................................4-3

4.3.2.2 Vehicles. .....................................................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.2.2.1 Cleaning and Drying. ............................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.2.3 Magnetic Particles.......................................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.2.4 Suspensions. ................................................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.2.5 Procedure. ...................................................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.2.5.1 Continuous Method. ..............................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.2.5.2 Residual Method. ..................................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.2.5.3 Circular Magnetization; Central Conductor (Indirect Method). ............................................................4-4

4.3.2.5.4 Circular Magnetization; Item as Conductor (Direct Method). ..............................................................4-4

4.3.2.5.5 Circular Magnetization; Magnetizing Current. .....................................................................................4-5

4.3.2.5.6 Longitudinal Magnetization. .................................................................................................................4-5

4.3.2.5.7 Longitudinal Magnetizing Current. .......................................................................................................4-5

4.3.2.6 Maintenance of suspension. ........................................................................................................................4-5

4.3.2.6.1 Concentration of Suspension Test. ........................................................................................................4-5

4.3.3 Dry Powder Method. ........................................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.1 General Requirements for Magnetic Particles.............................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.2 Application and Removal of Particles. ........................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.2.1 Removal of Excess Particles. ................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.2.2 Automated Equipment. .........................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.3 Magnetizing Procedures..............................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.3.1 Circular Magnetization. ........................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.3.2 Longitudinal Magnetization. .................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.3.3 Yoke Magnetization. .............................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.3.4 Magnetizing Current (Prod Methods). ..................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.4 Magnetizing Technique (Yoke and Prod). ..................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.4.1 Weld Inspection. ...................................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.4.2 Base Metal. ...........................................................................................................................................4-6

4.3.3.4.3 Continuous Magnetization. ...................................................................................................................4-6

4.4 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS. .........................................................................................................................4-7

4.5 DETERMINATION OF RELEVANCY. ...................................................................................................................4-7

4.6 FINAL CLEANING. ..................................................................................................................................................4-7

4.7 ARC STRIKES. ..........................................................................................................................................................4-7

4.7.1 Arc Strikes in High Hardenability Materials.....................................................................................................4-7 CHAPTER 5 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING ...................................................................................................................5-1

5.1 INTENDED USE........................................................................................................................................................5-1

5.2 DEFINITIONS. ..........................................................................................................................................................5-1

5.3 INSPECTION METHODS. ........................................................................................................................................5-1

5.3.1 Liquid Penetrant Material. ................................................................................................................................5-1 v

5.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. ................................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.4.1 Procedure.......................................................................................................................................................... 5-2

5.4.1.1 Change of Penetrant Materials. ................................................................................................................... 5-2

5.4.1.2 Record Requirements. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2

5.5 SURFACE PREPARATION. ..................................................................................................................................... 5-2

5.5.1 Finished Surfaces.............................................................................................................................................. 5-2

5.6 TEST PROCEDURES................................................................................................................................................ 5-3

5.6.1 Order of Testing. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-3

5.6.2 Pre-Test Cleanliness. ........................................................................................................................................ 5-3

5.6.2.1 Qualification of Alternate Precleaners. ....................................................................................................... 5-3

5.6.3 Temperature. .................................................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.6.4 Penetrant Application. ...................................................................................................................................... 5-4

5.6.4.1 Application of Emulsifier (Methods B and D)............................................................................................ 5-4

5.6.5 Removal of Penetrant. ...................................................................................................................................... 5-4

5.6.5.1 Method C Materials. ................................................................................................................................... 5-4

5.6.5.2 Method B and D Materials. ........................................................................................................................ 5-4

5.6.5.3 Method A Only. .......................................................................................................................................... 5-4

5.6.6 Surface Drying.................................................................................................................................................. 5-5

5.6.6.1 Method C. ................................................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.6.6.2 Methods A, B, and D. ................................................................................................................................. 5-5

5.6.7 Application of Developer. ................................................................................................................................ 5-5

5.6.7.1 Nonaqueous Wet Developer. ...................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.6.7.2 Dry Developer. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.6.7.3 Aqueous Wet Developer. ............................................................................................................................ 5-5

5.6.8 Lighting in Test Area. ....................................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.6.9 Final Cleaning. ................................................................................................................................................. 5-5

5.6.10 Safety Precautions. ......................................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.7 DETERMINATION OF RELEVANCY. ................................................................................................................... 5-6

CHAPTER 6 ULTRASONIC TESTING ................................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.1 INTENDED USE. ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 DEFINITIONS. .......................................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2.1 Acoustically Similar Materials. ........................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.2.2 Amplitude Rejection Level (ARL). .................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.2.3 As-Welded Condition. ...................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2.4 Calibration. ....................................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2.5 Calibration Reflectors. ...................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2.6 Calibration Standard. ........................................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.2.7 Class of Weld. .................................................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.2.8 Continuous Scan. .............................................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.2.9 Disregard Level (DRL). .................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2.10 Full Screen Height. ......................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2.11 IIW Block. ...................................................................................................................................................... 6-2

6.2.12 Instrument Display. ........................................................................................................................................ 6-2

6.2.13 Peak Indication. .............................................................................................................................................. 6-2

6.2.14 Ultrasonic Test Sensitivity. ............................................................................................................................. 6-2

6.2.15 Ultrasonically Sound Material. ....................................................................................................................... 6-2

6.2.16 Weld Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). .................................................................................................................. 6-2

6.3 PROCEDURE AND TEST METHODS. ................................................................................................................... 6-2

6.3.1 Test Method Selection. ..................................................................................................................................... 6-2

6.3.2 Surface Finish. .................................................................................................................................................. 6-2

6.3.3 Testing Speed. .................................................................................................................................................. 6-2

6.3.4 Couplant. .......................................................................................................................................................... 6-2 vi

6.3.5 Calibration. .......................................................................................................................................................6-2

6.4 EQUIPMENT. ............................................................................................................................................................6-3

6.5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. .................................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.1 Equipment Requirements. .................................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.1.1 Basic Instrument Qualification - A-Scan Display Instruments. ...................................................................6-3

6.5.1.1.1 Vertical Linearity. .................................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.1.1.2 Horizontal Linearity. .............................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.1.1.3 Resolution. ............................................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.1.1.4 Attenuation. ...........................................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.1.2 Basic Instrument Qualification - Thickness Gauge. ....................................................................................6-3

6.5.1.3 Frequency of Basic Instrument Qualification. .............................................................................................6-3

6.5.1.4 Shear Wave Transducers. ...........................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.2 Inspection Procedure. .......................................................................................................................................6-3

6.5.2.1 Procedure Requalification. ..........................................................................................................................6-4

6.5.3 Discontinuity Evaluation. .................................................................................................................................6-4

6.5.4 Records. ............................................................................................................................................................6-4

6.6 TEST METHODS. .....................................................................................................................................................6-4

6.6.1 Forged, Wrought, and Extruded Material. ........................................................................................................6-4

6.6.1.1 Ring Forgings. ............................................................................................................................................6-5

6.6.1.1.1 Shear Wave Tests of Ring Forgings. .....................................................................................................6-5

6.6.1.1.1.1 Test Calibration, Shear Wave. ........................................................................................................6-5

6.6.1.1.1.2 Testing, Shear Wave. ......................................................................................................................6-6

6.6.1.1.2 Longitudinal Wave Tests of Ring Forgings. .........................................................................................6-6

6.6.1.1.2.1 Test Calibration, Longitudinal Wave. .............................................................................................6-6

6.6.1.1.2.2 Testing, Longitudinal Wave. ...........................................................................................................6-6

6.6.1.2 Rectangular Forgings. .................................................................................................................................6-6

6.6.1.2.1 Test Calibration, Longitudinal Wave. ...................................................................................................6-6

6.6.1.2.2 Testing - Longitudinal Wave.................................................................................................................6-6

6.6.1.3 Round and Multi-Sided Forged or Wrought Bars Including Disc or Pancake Forgings. ............................6-7

6.6.1.3.1 Test Calibration, Longitudinal Wave. ...................................................................................................6-7

6.6.1.3.2 Testing - Longitudinal Wave.................................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2 Plate and Sheet..................................................................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.1 Shear Wave Testing Technique. .................................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.1.1 Test Calibration, Shear Wave. ..............................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.1.2 Grid Test Procedure. .............................................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.1.3 Continuous Scanning Procedure. ..........................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.2 Longitudinal Wave Testing Technique. ......................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.2.1 Testing Calibration, Longitudinal Wave. ..............................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.2.2 Test Procedures. ....................................................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.2.2.1 Continuous Method. ........................................................................................................................6-7

6.6.2.2.2.2 Static Method. .................................................................................................................................6-7

6.6.3 Pipes and Tubes. ...............................................................................................................................................6-8

6.6.3.1 Scanning Technique. ................................................