Lepidoptera Monitoring Plan Appendix 1 - Night-flying Lepidoptera.pdf

Response Design: Night-flying Lepidoptera Sampling Field Protocol

The response design specifies the sample methods for the night-flying Lepidoptera component of

“The Lepidoptera Monitoring Plan for Camp Edwards”, a long-term monitoring plan for state-listed

Lepidoptera species for compliance with the Conservation and Management Plan long-term Net

Benefit requirements for the Multi-Purpose Machine Gun Range project of the Massachusetts

Army National Guard. Sixteen state-listed Lepidoptera species have been documented in the study area and will be potentially impacted by the project. The Lepidoptera component of the monitoring plan addresses the following goals:

Document continued presence of state-listed Lepidoptera species, and

Evaluate population status and trends for state-listed Lepidoptera species.

Within the monitoring plan, the “Response design” is the method by which measurements are collected at a monitoring sample unit. The response design may specify plot size and shape, the types of measurements taken at a site, and the response units from which measurements are made. Night-flying Lepidoptera will be sampled using traps made of ultra-violet (UV) florescent tubes deployed at night.

Ideally, sampling will take place on the warmest days of the month and overlap the last quarter-new moon phases. Appropriate temperatures will be between 60˚ and 80˚ Fahrenheit (16˚ - 27˚

Centigrade). Weather considerations for selecting sampling dates include precipitation, as well as temperature. Sampling should be limited to nights when the prediction for precipitation is less than 0.4 inches. Targeting sampling events in a seven day window each month, three days before or after the new moon, will reduce the adverse effects of ambient moon light.

Sampling Locations

UV trap survey locations will be collocated with the vegetation survey plots anchored on the monitoring sample units. The priority area for deploying the UV trap will be very near to the monitoring sample unit location. If a suitable location is not found nearby, an area within 100 meters (m; 328 feet [ft]) of the x and y coordinate of the unit will be selected (Figure 1).

Figure B-1. UV trap survey area surrounding the x and y coordinate of the unit (red) with priority close to the monitoring sample unit location.

Suitable trap deployment sites within the sampling area will be selected to attract Lepidoptera from the monitoring sample unit. To the extent possible, traps will be deployed in areas selected for their vistas and efficiency of deployment. It is not necessary to avoid roadsides or roadside host plant species. Traps may be deployed on the ground, elevated by a five gallon bucket, suspended from tree branches or on stands constructed for the purpose of housing UV traps.

Traps should not be deployed in unforested kettle hole bottoms (“frost pockets”) due to the tendency for extreme temperatures.

Two types of information will be recorded for each sampling location as described below: location and UV trap sampling.

Data Collection

1. Location Information

At each point, the following information will be recorded on the UV Deployment Data Sheet: date, surveyors’ name, coordinates of location, deployment and retrieval times.

2. UV Trap Methods

Many species of nocturnal Lepidoptera fly between 2400 and 0400 (midnight - 4:00 A.M.). Many of the species targeted for monitoring are attracted to wavelengths of light emitted by ultraviolet

(black light). Traps deployed will utilize UV bulbs with a minimum of 12 volt/15 watt with an electronic ballast system to prevent overheating (Examples:

https://www.bioquip.com/Search/DispProduct.asp?pid=2851A and https://mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu/collecting.preparation.methods/Blackli ght.traps.htm).

Trap design must include fire and spill mitigation measures to include the bulb, battery, ballast, and any other potential sources of ignition or contaminants. The trap support equipment must also be weatherproofed for the chance of precipitation during trap events in addition to the trap and bulb protection. The traps will consist of a 3.5 to 5.0 gallon plastic bucket base, the UV light source with vanes and a funnel to guide specimens into the trap. Traps will utilize a killing agent such as ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate may be placed in Nalgene or similar bottles equipped with a

¾ inch cotton wick often associated with oil lamps.

A photo-electric sensor will be deployed with portable batteries to maintain operations between half-hour before sunset and half-hour before sunrise. Traps should be equipped with lids and rain-drains. UV traps will be collected as soon as possible after the end of the trapping period up to four hours after sunrise. Specimens that have been stunned but not killed will be placed in a killing jar upon arrival. Voucher specimens should be protected from damage during transport and spread and labeled as soon as practical.

3. UV Trap Processing

Dead specimens should be sorted, counted (if deemed necessary) as soon as possible after trap retrieval. Processing of the trapped specimens will be limited to the 16 state-listed Lepidoptera species (Table B-1) and the identified Lepidoptera species of interest (Table B-2).

Table B-1. The 15 state-listed moth and one butterfly species of interest that will be enumerated in the specimens collected through the UV sampling.

Scientific Name Common Name

Abagrotis benjamini Coastal Heathland Cutworm

Acronicta albarufa Barrens Dagger Moth

Callophrys irus Frosted Elfin

Catocala Herodias Herodias Underwing

Chaetaglaea cerata Waxed Sallow Moth

Cicinnus melsheimeri Melsheimer’s Sack-bearer

Cingilia catenaria Chain-dot Geometer

Dargida rubripennis Pink Streak

Euchlaena madusaria Sandplain Euchlaena

Hemaris gracilis Slender Clearwing Sphinx Moth

Hemileuca maia Barrens Buckmoth

Lycia ypsilon Pine Barrens Lycia

Metarranthis pilosaria Coastal Swamp Metarranthis

Psectraglaea carnosa Pink Sallow Moth

Speranza exonerata Pine Barrens Speranza

Zale lunifera Pine Barrens Zale

Table B-2. Lepidoptera species of interest that will also be enumerated in the specimens collected through the UV sampling.

Family Scientific Name

Scrub Oak Guild Quercus ilicifolia, Q. prinoides feeders

Hesperiidae Erynnis brizo

Hesperiidae Erynnis horatius

Hesperiidae Erynnis juvenalis

Lasiocampidae Phyllodesma americana

Limacodidae Euclea delphinii

Lycaenidae Satyrium edwardsii

Mimallonidae Lacosoma chiridota

Noctuidae Catocala amica

Noctuidae Catocala coccinata

Noctuidae Catocala coccinata

Noctuidae Catocala lineella

Noctuidae Phoberia orthosioides

Noctuidae Morrisonia mucens

Notodontidae Hyparpax aurora

Nymphalidae Basilarchia archippus

Saturniidae Anisota stigma

Saturniidae Dryocampa rubicunda

Heath Guild Vaccinium angustifolium, V. pallidum feeders

Arctiidae Halysidota tessellaris

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Family Scientific Name

Geometridae Euchlaena serrata

Geometridae Glena cognataria

Geometridae Speranza brunneata

Lycaenidae Callophrys augustinus

Noctuidae Abagrotis bruneipennis

Noctuidae Apharetra dentata

Noctuidae Acronicta distans

Noctuidae Actebia fennica

Noctuidae Agrotis ipsilon

Noctuidae Catocala andromedae

Noctuidae Drasteria occulta

Noctuidae Eueretagrotis perattentus

Noctuidae Eupsilia sidus

Noctuidae Feltia jaculifera

Noctuidae Hyppa xylinoides

Noctuidae Lacanobia subjuncta

Noctuidae Lacinipolia lorea

Noctuidae Pangrapta decoralis

Noctuidae Peridroma saucia

Noctuidae Phalaenostola metonalis

Noctuidae Polia detracta

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Family Scientific Name

Noctuidae Protolampra brunneicollis

Noctuidae Pseudohermonassa bicarnea

Noctuidae Syngrapha epigaea

Noctuidae Xestia c-nigrum

Noctuidae Xestia normanianus

Noctuidae Xestia oblata

Notodontidae Schizura unicornis

Nymphalidae Clossiana titania

Sphingidae Dolba hyloeus

Sphingidae Sphinx canadensis

Grassland guild Baptisia tinctoria feeders

Hesperiidae Erynnis baptisiae

Lycaenidae Everes comyntas

Noctuidae Papaipema baptisiae

Notodontidae Dasylophia anguina

Saturniidae Automeris io

Tortricidae Grapholita tristrigana

Other shrubs Guild- Prunus pensylvanica, Rosa sp, Amelanchier sp feeders

Apatelodidae Apatelodes torrefacta

Arctiidae Haploa lecontei

Arctiidae Hyphantria cunea 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