KYTC - Clark Co Reststop Study - BOUND - SMALL.pdf

Kentucky Transportation Cabinet

White|Pollard architects

CLARK COUNTY REST AREA FEASIBILITY STUDY

Winchester , Kentucky File #: 625-C9ZA-Z001-35

Rest Area Renovat ion S tudy I -64 Eas t , C lark County Winchester, Kentucky

09 September 2021

WHITE | POLLARD architects , along with Brown + Kubican Structural Engineers and N3D Group were tasked with assessing the condition of the Clark County Rest Area’s main building and proposing renovations to allow the existing structure to remain in operation. The 2,200 SF, sixteen-sided, precast concrete building was designed in 1962 by Sweet & Judd Architects in Louisville, KY and is the last of 4 incarnations of the mid-century modern design that were built in the early 1960s. The original character of the building has been compromised over the years as various renovations attempted to address the changing needs of the rest stop.

Ex i s t ing Bu i ld ing The Clark County Rest Area is located at mile marker 98 on East-bound Interstate 64. The site is partially filled valley that slopes down from the interstate to picnic areas on the South side of the site. The existing restroom facility is located on the East end of the parking areas and is connected to them via a sidewalk with a set of three steps and an accessible walkway from the easternmost end of the parking lot. The building is dominated by a 55’-6” diameter roof, comprised of 16 precast concrete, folded plate panels in a pie shaped configuration. Each panel is supported in two locations and cantilever over each support. The interior support is an 8” CMU wall surrounding the restrooms and the exterior supports are precast concrete columns. The precast concrete elements have an exposed aggregate finish. The enclosed portion of the building is 43’-2” in diameter and comprises 2,200 SF. There are two semicircular restrooms in the center divided by a chase. These are surrounded by a concourse ring in the public area with floor to ceiling storefront window systems on the exterior wall. The rear of the building houses the maintenance office, storage and mechanical space which is accessed by a single door at the back. Both restrooms have a hard ceiling with surface mounted light fixtures, ceramic tiled walls, a quarry-tile floor, and ground-faced block partitions that have been added to replace the original toilet partitions at some point. The Men’s Room has (2) wall-hung water closets, (3) wall-hung urinals, and (2) lavatories. The Women’s Room has (5) wall-hung water closets and (2) lavatories. There are drinking fountains at each end of the concourse. Non-structural walls are 4” CMU with a plaster finish in the concourse area, or ceramic tile finish in the restrooms. The walls in the maintenance area are painted. The exterior of the building is surrounded by a concrete walkway that is continuous with the interior slab. The grade falls away to the South such that the walkway is at grade on the North side of the building where it connects to the parking area and at the rear of the building the walkway is elevated 30”-36” above the finish grade. A guardrail preventing visitors from accessing maintenance areas has been removed at some point. Inside the entry of the building a ceramic tile, mosaic map of Kentucky is featured on a counter-curved plaster wall with a soffit above. Lighting in the soffit for the mosaic is no longer functional. At each column the slab is cracked on the interior and exterior in a depressed circular pattern indicating settlement of the building’s foundations.

WPa and the consultant team have assessed the building, identifying the following general issues that should be addressed:

• The Building appears to be covered by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and is not exempted with the interstate system as a whole per the 2005 exemption.

• The building’s restrooms are not ADA accessible

• There is significant foundation settling that has damaged to the concrete slabs

• There is low water pressure at the site

• The replaced window systems are single glazed and do not embody the original design intent. Condensation is visible on portions of most windows and the spandrel panels are deteriorating.

• The design and current finishes present challenges for maintenance.

• The elimination of operable windows and the current design and age of the exhaust system allows rest room odors to be pulled into the concourse area.

Hi s to r ic P reservat ion E x i s t i n g C o n d i t i o n s While most of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways was exempted from the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, certain elements were to remain under the protection of the Act. According to Craig Potts, the executive director and state historic preservation officer at the Kentucky Heritage Council, the four rest areas were considered to be significant architectural elements by the KHC. However, an agreement was made to allow the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet to demolish all but one of the structures. There is a memorandum of agreement in place to this effect however, WPa was unable to locate a copy of the agreement.

The building, designed by Sweet & Judd architects, embodies many of the design tenants of Mid- Century Modern Architecture including: a low-profile form, bent-plate precast concrete elements, simple design, floor to ceiling windows, and an effort to blur the boundary between the interior and exterior. There are some elements that can be easily restored to, more accurately, represent the original design intent: floor to ceiling windows, exposed aggregate on the precast elements, floor finishes, toilet partitions. During efforts to modernize the building, some of these elements have been diluted or lost.

The Kentucky Heritage Council is aware of the challenges this building presents with regard to its continued use as a rest area. While the building was the first rest stop designed for the new interstate system, the design criteria for public restrooms had evolved over the 50+ years since its construction. The Kentucky Heritage Council would prefer to see the facility continue in its current capacity if accessibility issues can be addressed. However, they concede that alternative uses of the building would be acceptable provided it remain intact.

R e h a b i l i t a t i o n The goal of the project is to rehabilitate the rest area in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (36 CFR 68.) Due to the condition of the building and the prominent need to provide accessible facilities, the standards for rehabilitation are recommended. According to these standards, the building should be used as it was historically, retaining the historic character of the building. Distinctive materials and finishes will be retained or repaired as necessary. The three main goals of this project are to stabilize the building and update building systems, to accommodate Life Safety and Security needs, and to provide accessibility. WPa has reviewed the proposed alterations to the building with a representative of the heritage council and secured their approval of the intent of the work – refer to Appendix A for correspondence with Craig Potts.

F l o o r i n g The structural stabilization of the building will require the removal of the continuous floor slab (inside and outside the building) to provide underpinning and additional foundation structure to stabilize the settling foundations. To accomplish this, the exterior windows and some, non-structural, walls will be removed. During a conference call with Craig Potts, of the Kentucky Heritage Council, it was suggested that at least one of the four structures had a terrazzo floor.

Terrazzo is a durable floor surface, typical of the period, that could be installed easily over the new floor slabs. New slabs could be recessed to allow for terrazzo in lieu of tile or polished concrete. Terrazzo provides a durable surface that lends itself to a circular floor plan and allows for an integral wall base in locations that require cleanliness and are subject to continuous maintenance. The existing quarry tile in the restrooms is likely not the original tile. In most locations, the existing rubber bases and other base materials are damaged or deteriorating due to traffic and the side effects of cleaning. Refer to Brown + Kubican’s report in Appendix B

W i n d o w S y s t e m The window replacement project altered the mullion pattern of the openings, removing the operable, center-swinging windows, installing a spandrel panel at the floor, and adding additional mullions to the layout. This caused the building to lose natural light and the visual connection to the exterior. The new glazing in the frames is tinted slightly and has a reflective quality on the exterior of the building. It is obvious from the lighting design and the exposed folded precast panels in the concourse areas that the structure of the building was meant to be revealed through the windows during the day and night. According to the structural report (Appendix B), it is likely that a horizontal reinforcing channel that was placed in the original window frame to provide lateral support does not exist in the new storefront system in place. Due to work needed on the foundations the existing floors and windows would need to be removed providing an opportunity to restore the window design to the original configuration and provide clear, insulated glazing to and bring back the original connection to the outside. WPa does not recommend including the operable windows in the restored version for security and mechanical reasons.

F i n i s h e s In various places the precast panels have been patched or damaged on the interior. To camouflage this, the underside of the folded precast plates in the concourse areas have been painted white along with the vertical precast panels in the window units. WPa recommends removing the paint and exposing the aggregate again. The interior ring of CMU bearing walls in the concourse is finished with a plaster system and covered with some kind of vinyl wallpaper – which has been painted over several times in different colors. This covering should be removed and repairs made to the plaster surface. The walls should be returned to the original color which appears to be a robin’s egg blue or green color.

E x t e r i o r G u a r d R a i l s The original design included a railing separating the entry walks from the maintenance-only exterior walkways. This railing has been removed allowing visitor traffic in areas that should be protected with a guardrail. The elevation difference is as much as 36” in some places and would require a guard rail by current building codes. WPa proposes raising the grade around the building to eliminate the need for guardrails. Where the grade cannot be feasibly raised to prevent the need for a guardrail, one could be added in the style of the original (36” tall, maintenance area style pipe railings with openings preventing a 21” diameter sphere from passing.)

F r e n c h D r a i n s At each valley in the roof, a French drain was placed outside the concrete walkways to catch the runoff from the roof. Most of these elements are now missing – allowing water to pour from the roof to ground causing erosion around the foundation wall. WPa proposes that these drains be repaired / re-placed and connected with a foundation drain to daylight at the rear of the building

A c c e s s i b i l i t y The existing restrooms are not ADA accessible. The restrooms are surrounded by circular CMU walls that support the roof panels on all sides preventing the restrooms from being enlarged to accommodate accessible features without sacrificing the current fixture count. WPa has developed a scheme that converts one, pie-shaped bay at each end of the concourse into an accessible restroom. The adjacent bays would be enclosed to provide a vestibule to each restroom area concealing the existing restroom openings and allowing for the removal of the ground-faced block screen wall that presents a significant barrier to accessibility. These screen walls were installed to replace what appears to have been a toilet partition stye screen. The resulting design shortens the concourse by several bays. Moving the restroom doors closer to the entry also improves wayfinding for visitors by allowing the restroom entries to be clearly visible as visitors enter the building. (During two separate visits to the rest area WPa observed regular confusions by visitors regarding the location of the men’s and women’s rest rooms. In spite of directional signs on the exterior of the building, inside the entryway on the soffit, and on the wall directly in front of the entry, as well as by the actual restrooms, men and women routinely went the wrong way down the concourse looking for the restroom doors.) The other ground faced block partitions, that have been installed to replace the toilet partitions in some places, will also be removed and toilet partition system installed that more closely resembles the original design would be installed.

To improve maintenance of the building, WPa proposes two new openings be cut in the CMU bearing wall between each restroom and the maintenance area to allow staff to be able to access the restrooms without travelling around the exterior of the building and coming in through the single front entry door. The two new openings would be secured with interior coiling, over-head shutters since there is very little room to swing a doorway in either space. As this wall is a bearing wall, an appropriate lintel would need to be sized to account for the stack bond of the CMU wall and the possibility that there is no reinforcing in the cells, according to the structural assessment (See Appendix B).

Proposed locations for new maintenance access doors (Above Left: to Women’s Room, Above Right: to Men’s Room) Below: Axonometric of proposed changes to existing building.

U p g r a d i n g B u i l d i n g S y s t e m s In addition to the various alterations and renovations necessary to structurally secure the building, Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing systems need to be upgraded. (Refer to N3D Group’s report

– Appendix C) P l u m b i n g The primary plumbing issue is the lack of sufficient water pressure at the site. The meter for the water supply is located 1.5 miles away and was not designed to supply the appropriate pressure necessary for flush valve fixtures. To resolve this issue, a pressure tank has been placed in the maintenance area to boost water pressure. The addition of two accessible restrooms further complicates the issue. N3D has proposed two solutions: The first solution proposes new low-flow fixtures and a new pressure tank and water heater to cover peak demand of 40 gallons per minute. The second solution involves replacing the entire 1.5 mile water line. Fixtures would still be replaced.

H V A C The existing HVAC system is a 5-ton split-system heat pump. The original design of the building relied on natural ventilation via operable floor-to-ceiling windows at each bay and small, wall-mounted, electric heaters in the concourse areas. Due to security concerns and visitor comfort the HVAC system was added and the operable windows replaced with fixed windows. The current system is 9 years old and in need of replacing. Additionally, the new accessible restrooms and the vestibules will require ductwork changes. The current exhaust system is currently vented thru the roof to the concrete drum. This exhaust system design does not work well without the natural ventilation and will need to be expanded to cover the new accessible restrooms. N3D proposes to replace the fan and add the new restrooms. WPa proposes that the new system vent through a sidewall in the rear of the building rather than the roof as there have been roof leaks in the area of the existing ductwork.

E l e c t r i c a l Existing electrical panels are fed through the slab and will need to be replaced. The current lighting is via a random collection of bulbs in surface mounted receptacles in the concourse.

Lighting in the restrooms is provided by surface mounted fluorescent fixtures. N3D proposes to replace existing fixtures with new LED lighting in the spirit of the original design. No photographs or drawings of the original lighting were available for reference. Surface mounted conduit and junction boxes would be recessed in new construction.

R o o f The existing roof has leaked on past occasions, in particular, near the chase walls in the restrooms.

WPa inspected the existing roof and determined that it would likely need a new membrane.

Additionally, there is a precast concrete drum at the apex of the roofs that conceals various plumbing and exhaust vents, and other electrical items. This drum is drained via several small holes (approximately ¾” in diameter.) The inspection showed that these drainage holes were completely blocked up with debris and dirt. This makes that area of the roof especially prone to holding water and leaking. Because the existing exhaust system needs to be redesigned and replaced, WPa recommends the new system not vent through the roof but through one of the side walls in the maintenance area. The roof area inside the drum could be drained via an enlarged scupper on the rear, or be capped completely.

Summary The Clark County Rest Area is protected under the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 (16 USC 470 - Section 106). The current building is settling due to inadequate foundations which need to be addressed to halt slab cracking and other damage to the existing structure.

Additionally, the building has no accessible toilet facilities and many of the building’s systems are aging or are inadequate for current usage. The need to remove the existing slabs and window systems to access the foundations and the need to add accessible features provides an opportunity to fully rehabilitate the building and preserve its historic character. WHITE | POLLARD architects, Brown + Kubican Structural Engineers and N3D Group have assessed the current building and the original design intent as well as coordinated with the Kentucky Heritage Council to generate a solution to keep the historic rest area functioning without sacrificing the unique characteristics of the mid-century modern design by Sweet & Judd architects.

The proposed cost of the building rehabilitation is estimated at $839,376.00 .

However, if the additional cost of the new 1.5 mile water line is added, the total cost for the project is estimated at $1,430,226.00 . Refer to Appendix D for the complete Estimate of Probable Construction Costs.

Respectfully Submitted, Kell D Pollard, Assoc. AIA, LEED AP Steven M White, AIA, LEED AP

Appendix A H i s t o r i c P r e s e r v a t i o n

36 CFR Ch. I (7–1–02 Edition)Pt. 68 be made payable to: National Park Serv-ices. A certification decision will not be issued on an application until the ap-propriate remittance is received. Fees are nonrefundable.

(c) The fee for review of proposed or ongoing rehabilitation projects for projects over $20,000 is $250. The fees for review of completed rehabilitation projects are based on the dollar amount of the costs attributed solely to the rehabilitation of the certified historic structure as provided by the owner in the Historic Preservation Cer-tification Application, Request for Cer-tification of Completed Work (NPS Form 10–168c), as follows:

Fee Size of rehabilitation

$500 $20,000 to $99,999 $800 $100,000 to $499,999

$1,500 $500,000 to $999,999 $2,500 $1,000,000 or more

If review of a proposed or ongoing re-habilitation project had been under-taken by the Secretary prior to sub-mission of Request for Certification of Completed Work, the initial fee of $250 will be deducted from these fees. No fee will be charged for rehabilitations under $20,000.

(d) In general, each rehabilitation of a separate certified historic structure will be considered a separate project for purposes of computing the size of the fee.

(1) In the case of a rehabilitation project which includes more than one certified historic structure where the structures are judged by the Secretary to have been functionally related his-torically to serve an overall purpose, the fee for preliminary review is $250 and the fee for final review is computed on the basis of the total rehabilitation costs.

(2) In the case of multiple building projects where there is no historic functional relationship amont the structures and which are under the same ownership; are located in the same historic district; are adjacent or contiguous; are of the same architec-tural type (e.g., rowhouses, loft build-ings, commercial buildings); and are submitted by the owner for review at the same time, the fee for preliminary review is $250 per structure to a max-imum of $2,500 and the fee for final re-view is computed on the basis of the total rehabilitation costs of the entire multiple building project to a max-imum of $2,500. If the $2,500 maximum fee was paid at the time of review of the proposed or ongoing rehabilitation project, no further fee will be charged for review of a Request for Certifi-cation of Completed Work.

PART 68—THE SECRETARY OF THE

INTERIOR’S STANDARDS FOR THE

TREATMENT OF HISTORIC PROP-

ERTIES

Sec.

68.1 Intent.

68.2 Definitions.

68.3 Standards.

AUTHORITY: The National Historic Preser-vation Act of 1966, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.); sec. 2124 of the Tax Reform Act of 1976, 90 Stat. 1918; EO 11593, 3 CFR part 75 (1971); sec. 2 of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1262).

SOURCE: 60 FR 35843, July 12, 1995, unless otherwise noted.

§ 68.1 Intent.

The intent of this part is to set forth standards for the treatment of historic properties containing standards for preservation, rehabilitation, restora-tion and reconstruction. These stand-ards apply to all proposed grant-in-aid development projects assisted through the National Historic Preservation Fund. 36 CFR part 67 focuses on ‘‘certified historic structures’’ as de-fined by the IRS Code of 1986. Those regulations are used in the Preserva-tion Tax Incentives Program. 36 CFR part 67 should continue to be used when property owners are seeking cer-tification for Federal tax benefits.

§ 68.2 Definitions.

The standards for the treatment of historic properties will be used by the National Park Service and State his-toric preservation officers and their staff members in planning, under-taking and supervising grant-assisted projects for preservation, rehabilita-tion, restoration and reconstruction.

For the purposes of this part:

(a) Preservation means the act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity

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National Park Service, Interior § 68.3 and materials of an historic property.

Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic ma-terials and features rather than exten-sive replacement and new construction.

New exterior additions are not within the scope of this treatment; however, the limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appro-priate within a preservation project.

(b) Rehabilitation means the act or process of making possible an efficient compatible use for a property through repair, alterations and additions while preserving those portions or features that convey its historical, cultural or architectural values.

(c) Restoration means the act or proc-ess of accurately depicting the form, features and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of fea-tures from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing features from the restoration period. The lim-ited and sensitive upgrading of me-chanical, electrical and plumbing sys-tems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appro-priate within a restoration project.

(d) Reconstruction means the act or process of depicting, by means of new construction, the form, features and detailing of a non-surviving site, land-scape, building, structure or object for the purpose of replicating its appear-ance at a specific period of time and in its historic location.

§ 68.3 Standards.

One set of standards—preservation, rehabilitation, restoration or recon-struction—will apply to a property un-dergoing treatment, depending upon the property’s significance, existing physical condition, the extent of docu-mentation available and interpretive goals, when applicable. The standards will be applied taking into consider-ation the economic and technical feasi-bility of each project.

(a) Preservation. (1) A property will be used as it was historically, or be given a new use that maximizes the retention of distinctive materials, features, spaces and spatial relationships. Where a treatment and use have not been identified, a property will be protected and, if necessary, stabilized until addi-tional work may be undertaken.

(2) The historic character of a prop-erty will be retained and preserved.

The replacement of intact or repairable historic materials or alteration of fea-tures, spaces and spatial relationships that characterize a property will be avoided.

(3) Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use. Work needed to stabilize, con-solidate and conserve existing historic materials and features will be phys-ically and visually compatible, identi-fiable upon close inspection and prop-erly documented for future research.

(4) Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right will be retained and pre-served.

(5) Distinctive materials, features, finishes and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that charac-terize a property will be preserved.

(6) The existing condition of historic features will be evaluated to determine the appropriate level of intervention needed. Where the severity of deterio-ration requires repair or limited re-placement of a distinctive feature, the new material will match the old in composition, design, color and texture.

(7) Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

Treatments that cause damage to his-toric materials will not be used.

(8) Archeological resources will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, miti-gation measures will be undertaken.

(b) Rehabilitation. (1) A property will be used as it was historically or be given a new use that requires minimal change to its distinctive materials, fea-tures, spaces and spatial relationships.

(2) The historic character of a prop-erty will be retained and preserved.

The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces and spa-tial relationships that characterize a property will be avoided.

(3) Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use. Changes that create a false

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36 CFR Ch. I (7–1–02 Edition)§ 68.3 sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or ele-ments from other historic properties, will not be undertaken.

(4) Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right will be retained and pre-served.

(5) Distinctive materials, features, finishes and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that charac-terize a property will be preserved.

(6) Deteriorated historic features will be repaired rather than replaced.

Where the severity of deterioration re-quires replacement of a distinctive fea-ture, the new feature will match the old in design, color, texture and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features will be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence.

(7) Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

Treatments that cause damage to his-toric materials will not be used.

(8) Archeological resources will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, miti-gation measures will be undertaken.

(9) New additions, exterior alter-ations or related new construction will not destroy historic materials, features and spatial relationships that charac-terize the property. The new work will be differentiated from the old and will be compatible with the historic mate-rials, features, size, scale and propor-tion, and massing to protect the integ-rity of the property and its environ-ment.

(10) New additions and adjacent or re-lated new construction will be under-taken in such a manner that, if re-moved in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

(c) Restoration. (1) A property will be used as it was historically or be given a new use that interprets the property and its restoration period.

(2) Materials and features from the restoration period will be retained and preserved. The removal of materials or alteration of features, spaces and spa-tial relationships that characterize the period will not be undertaken.

(3) Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use. Work needed to stabilize, con-solidate and conserve materials and features from the restoration period will be physically and visually compat-ible, identifiable upon close inspection and properly documented for future re-search.

(4) Materials, features, spaces and finishes that characterize other histor-ical periods will be documented prior to their alteration or removal.

(5) Distinctive materials, features, finishes and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that charac-terize the restoration period will be preserved.

(6) Deteriorated features from the restoration period will be repaired rather than replaced. Where the sever-ity of deterioration requires replace-ment of a distinctive feature, the new feature will match the old in design, color, texture and, where possible, ma-terials.

(7) Replacement of missing features from the restoration period will be sub-stantiated by documentary and phys-ical evidence. A false sense of history will not be created by adding conjec-tural features, features from other properties, or by combining features that never existed together histori-cally.

(8) Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

Treatments that cause damage to his-toric materials will not be used.

(9) Archeological resources affected by a project will be protected and pre-served in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken.

(10) Designs that were never executed historically will not be constructed.

(d) Reconstruction. (1) Reconstruction will be used to depict vanished or non-surviving portions of a property when documentary and physical evidence is available to permit accurate recon-struction with minimal conjecture and such reconstruction is essential to the public understanding of the property.

(2) Reconstruction of a landscape, building, structure or object in its his-toric location will be preceded by a thorough archeological investigation

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National Park Service, Interior § 71.3 to identify and evaluate those features and artifacts that are essential to an accurate reconstruction. If such re-sources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken.

(3) Reconstruction will include meas-ures to preserve any remaining historic materials, features, and spatial rela-tionships.

(4) Reconstruction will be based on the accurate duplication of historic features and elements substantiated by documentary or physical evidence rather than on conjectural designs or the availability of different features from other historic properties. A recon-structed property will re-create the ap-pearance of the non-surviving historic property in materials, design, color and texture.

(5) A reconstruction will be clearly identified as a contemporary re-cre-ation.

(6) Designs that were never executed historically will not be constructed.

PART 71—RECREATION FEES

Sec.

71.1 Application.

71.2 Types of Federal recreation fees.

71.3 Designation.

71.4 Posting.

71.5 Golden Eagle Passport.

71.6 Golden Age Passport.

71.7 Entrance fees for single-visit permits.

71.8 Validation and display of entrance per-

mits.

71.9 Establishment of recreation use fees.

71.10 Special recreation permits and special

recreation permit fees.

71.11 Collection of Federal recreation fees.

71.12 Enforcement.

71.13 Exceptions, exclusions, and exemp-

tions.

71.14 Public notification.

71.15 The Golden Eagle Insignia.

AUTHORITY: Sec. 4, Land and Water Con-servation Fund Act of 1965 (16 U.S.C.A. 4601– 6a (Supp., 1974)), as amended by Pub. L. 93– 303; and sec. 3, Act of July 11, 1972, 86 Stat.

461; sec. 2 of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1262).

SOURCE: 39 FR 33217, Sept. 16, 1974. Redesig-nated at 44 FR 7143, Feb. 6, 1979, and 46 FR 34329, July 1, 1981; correctly redesignated at 46 FR 43045, Aug. 26, 1981, unless otherwise noted.

§ 71.1 Application.

This part is promulgated pursuant to section 4, Land and Water Conserva-tion Fund Act of 1965, 16 U.S.C.A. 4601– 6a (Supp., 1974), and section 3, Act of July 11, 1972, 86 Stat. 461. Any Federal recreation fee charged by any bureau of the Department of the Interior shall be charged according to criteria set forth in this part.

§ 71.2 Types of Federal recreation fees.

There shall be three types of Federal recreation fees:

(a) Entrance fees, charged either on an annual or single-visit basis, for ad-mission to any Designated Entrance Fee Area;

(b) Daily recreation use fees for the use of specialized sites, facilities, equipment or services furnished at Fed-eral expense; and

(c) Special recreation permit fees for specialized recreation uses, such as, but not limited to, group activities, recreation events, and the use of mo-torized recreation vehicles.

§ 71.3 Designation.

(a) An area or closely related group of areas shall be designated as an area at which entrance fees shall be charged (hereinafter ‘‘Designated Entrance Fee Area’’) if the following conditions are found to exist concurrently:

(1) The area is a unit of the National Park System administered by the De-partment of the Interior;

(2) The area is administered pri-marily for scenic, scientific, historical, cultural, or recreation purposes;

(3) The area has recreation facilities or services provided at Federal ex-pense; and

(4) The nature of the area is such that entrance fee collection is adminis-tratively and economically practical.

(b) Any specialized site, facility, equipment or service related to out-door recreation (hereinafter ‘‘facility’’) shall be designated as a facility for which a recreation use fee shall be charged (hereinafter ‘‘Designated Recreation Use Facility’’) if:

(1) For each Designated Recreation Use Facility, at least one of the fol-lowing criteria is satisfied:

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Appendix B S t r u c t u r a l A s s e s s m e n t

August 9, 2021

Mr. Ron Harris – Project Manager Commonwealth of Kentucky Finance & Administration Cabinet Division of Engineering 403 Wapping Street Frankfort, Kentucky 40601

RE: Structural Feasibility Study to Renovate Existing Structure Rest Area on I-64 Eastbound in Clark County, Kentucky BKSE Project No. 21138

Mr. Harris:

Pursuant to your request Brown and Kubican, PSC has performed a feasibility study in conjunction with White Pollard Architects and N3D Mechanical Engineers for renovating the Rest Area on Eastbound I-64 in Clark County, Kentucky. The feasibility study considers repairs and stabilization of the foundations at the existing site. The study included a site visit with the full team to view the existing conditions of the building and review of construction drawings dated 1962. This report supercedes a study by Brown+Kubican, PSC dated July 14, 2017 which considered relocation of the existing structure to a new site; of which some parts of said report which are repeated herein.

Discription of the Building Structure:

The rest area on eastbound I-64 in Clark County was built in the early 1960’s. The primary shape is circular. The roof of the structure is 55’-6” in diameter and is 16’-8” tall from top of precast to bottom of foundation of the exterior building enclosure. The enclosed portion building is 43’-2” in diameter and is divided into four areas: a men’s bathroom, a women’s bathroom, a storage room and the entry concourse.

Architecturally, the bathrooms are separated by two 4” CMU walls that bear on the slab on grade and form a mechanical chase. The bathroom side of the walls are faced with ceramic tiles. Other bathroom partitions consist of glazed block with laminate doors and laminate privacy panels between the urinals.

The slab on grade was recessed to receive a quarry tile floor. There are a total of fourteen plumbing fixtures in the two bathrooms: 4 sinks, 7 toilets and 3 urinals. Fixtures are wall mounted on the 4” CMU walls separating the bathrooms. There are various items such as mirrors, toilet paper holders, hand dryers, and light fixtures that are mounted to the bathroom walls. The bathrooms have plaster ceilings that conceal mechanical duct work and the precast roof panels. Supported by the ceiling are four lights in each bathroom.

The store room is separated from the concourse by 4” CMU walls with a plaster finish on the concourse side of the walls. Each wall has a drinking fountain and hose attachment mounted to them. Access to the store room is from the rear of the building. The store room houses the mechanical system, water

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KYTC Clark Rest Area Page 2 of 14 heater, air entertainer tank utility sink, eye wash, as-well-as free-standing shelves for supplies. At one end of the store room there are five electric panels / control units mounted to the CMU wall. An office area has been added to the opposite end of the room. The wall between the office area and store room is constructed of wood paneling over a wood-stud frame. The top of the wood wall matches the height of the precast wall panels and is open above. The inside face of the precast panels in the store room have been covered with a plaster finish.

The concourse area comprises 11 of the 16 pie shaped sections of the building. Inside the concourse entry there is a ceramic tile map of the Commonwealth of Kentucky applied to a vertical partition wall.

The map is approximately 5’-0” wide by 11’-0” long built on a radius. The tiles are applied to a plaster wall that is supported by a series of light channels spanning both horizontally and vertically. A dropped plaster ceiling is above the map with a vertical face up to the precast roof panels.

The structural elements are precast concrete with an exposed aggregate finish supported by cast-in place shallow concrete foundations. The roof consists of 16 pieces of pie-shaped, precast concrete, folded-plate panels and a precast cylinder above the roof panels. The roof panels are approximately 4” thick and 25’-8” long. The panels are formed in a V shape that varies in width from 10” to 10’-10”, vary in depth from 8” to 3’-1”, and weigh approximately 13,000 pounds each. The roof panels are supported in two locations and cantilever over both supports. The panels have been erected on a slope from the interior walls to the exterior columns for water drainage. A sprayed-on plastic coating was shown to be applied to the top of the roof panels; a roof membrane has since been applied over the plastic coating.

Interior support for the roof structure is provided by an 8” CMU load bearing wall which separates the bathrooms from the concourse; no reinforcing is show on the plans or in sections for this wall. The CMU wall has been constructed using the stack bond pattern – as a result the applied vertical loads are concentrated at the bearing point and not shared with neighboring CMU units. The bearing walls are supported on a 10” x 16” continuous concrete footing with a 7 ½” x 12” tall concrete stem wall. Finishes on the bearing wall varies with ceramic tile in the bathrooms, plaster on the concourse face, and exposed block in the store room. Exterior support for the roof structure is provided by sixteen precast concrete columns spaced equally around the building’s circumference. The precast columns are supported on approximate 1’-10” x 1’-6” x 1’-0” concrete footings that have been placed monolithically with the 8” x 12” continuous footings which provides support of the exterior wall of the building. The exterior wall consists of a combination of precast concrete wall panels and glass store front windows built between the wall panels and the columns. The windows also fill the space between the top of the wall panels and the bottom of the folded plate roof panels. The precast wall panels are 7’-4” tall with varying widths from 1’-10” to 4’-0” and weigh between 2,000 pounds and 4,000 pounds each. The panels extend 4” below the slab on grade and connect directly to the continuous foundations. The interior and exterior slabs on grade are approximately4” thick and have been poured directly against the wall panels and columns. See sketches below of a section at precast roof panels, plan of a roof panel, and a half section through the building:

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The plans show connections between the precast elements, connections between the precast and the foundation elements and connections between the folded plate section and the CMU wall. Most of the connections are made by field welding splice plates to plates that have been embedded into the different precast elements. The folded plate sections are connected at the ridge line at 4’-0” on center.

Plates have been cast into the precast folded plate section and then a connection plate has been field welded between the embedded plates. The folded plates are connected to the precast columns by field welding to a shim plate between the plates cast into the top of the column and plates cast in bottom of the folded plate roof panels. Roof panels are connected to the CMU wall with a similar type of connection. The columns are connected to the foundation with four anchor bolts connected to an oversized plate cast into the bottom of the column. The precast wall panels are connected to the foundation by welding plates between plates cast into the wall panel and plates cast into the continuous footing. The top of the precast wall panels are shown to be braced by the columns by a channel that is screwed to inserts in the panel and welded to plates cast into the columns. The channel is concealed in an aluminum system that the window and door frames attach to. See the next 5 sketches for typical connections as shown on the 1962 drawings.

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All of the precast elements have exposed aggregate finishes. This type of finish can conceal small cracks in the precast that are structurally significant. The interior faces of the precast wall panels, columns, and roof panels have been painted. Both the interior and exterior floor slabs have been placed against the precast elements increasing the bond between the precast and the slabs, thereby making removal of the slabs to access to the connections between the wall panels and columns without causing damage to the precast more difficult and costly. Another issue with the slab being placed against the exposed

KYTC Clark Rest Area Page 6 of 14 aggregate finishes of the precast is that the slabs, precast walls or columns and their foundations can act as one structural element. The loads to the column foundations are much greater than load to the strip foundation supporting the wall panels. Since both foundations are on the same bearing strata differential settlement can occur possible damaging the foundations, the connections between the foundations and the precast, or the slabs or any combination of the three.

Site Description:

The building site is accessible from interstate I-64 only. The rest area is in a valley that has been partially filled to support the parking areas and the buildings. The vehicular access ramps to and from the parking areas vary in width from 14 feet to 17 feet and are sloped up from the interstate to the car parking area and sloped up from the car parking area back to the interstate. The entry ramp has a guard rail on one side. There are three structures on site, the 1962 main circular building, a rectangular concession pavilion and a wood storage shed. South of the car parking area and the building pads the site drops off to a picnic area. The main building floor elevation is raised above the site grading by up to 3 feet. An 8” thick site retaining wall circling the building is used to accomplish this grade change. The concrete wall is supported on a continuous footing 8” x 1’-0” footing. A 4” thick walkway has been placed between the site wall and the exterior building wall. The cantilevered precast roof structure covers the walkway.

Access to the building is by a set of steps at the entry and a handicapped ramp to the left of the steps.

Steps have been added at the rear of the building for access to the store room. Near the rear of the building are two partially buried concrete tanks that are part of the sanitary sewer system. Three power poles and the compressor unit for the mechanical system are located near the rear of the building.

Located at the front of the structure are two light poles, a flag pole, and two benches. Surrounding the structure are four flood light supports, five round splash basins, and four runs of handrails. There are over twenty signs and a dumpster enclosure on the sides of the access ramps.

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Site Observations:

Site visits were made on April 20, 2017 and May 10, 2021 by Dan Kubican, PE and on June 28, 2017 and July 10, 2017 by Michael McReynolds. The purpose of the site visits was to observe the existing conditions of the building at the Rest Area. Our observations were visual only and limited to elements that were exposed to view. Brown & Kubican, PSC makes no claim as to the structural adequacy of the building or its compliance with the building code, except where specifically note herein.

From observations of the visible portions of the structure it appears that the building was constructed as generally shown on the 1962 plans. Connections of the precast wall panels and columns to the foundations could not be verified. Connections between the folded plates could not be verified. A condition assessment of the foundation elements could not be accomplished.

The precast elements of the building do have an exposed aggregate finish. The interior faces of the precast walls, columns and roof panels in the concourse have been painted. The inside face of the precast panes in the store room have been covered by a plaster wall while the columns and roof panels are treated the same as in the concourse. The exterior faces of the precast elements appear to be uncoated. Two columns were observed to have areas of missing or loose concrete; one column has spalled on an interior face since the most recent painting, the other column has a dislodged spall on an exterior face held in place by the caulk around the window frame. Both of the areas are located approximately 1’-0” below the roof panel bearing.

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There are two roof panels in the store room where smooth sections of concrete are visible. These areas are at the ridge lines and indicate that a repair has been made to these panels. In two locations where caulk between the roof panels is missing, loose or cracked concrete on the edge of a roof panel is visible.

If the cracked concrete is located at a connection point between the roof panels, the cracks in the concrete may indicate a failure of the concrete at the connections between the roof panels.

In the store room there are five visible connection locations between the roof panels and the CMU walls. At four of the five locations cracking in the CMU walls under the precast bearing is visible. Both vertical and or horizontal movement can be seen in the CMU wall at these locations. In one instance it appears the plate cast into the CMU may not be centered under the bearing plate in the precast roof panel.

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At the rear of the building in two separate locations, the tops of two adjacent wall panels have been connected together with through bolts installed through a steel connection plate.

On the exterior side of three wall panels, damage that varied in size and intensity was observed at the floor lines. At one location a spall has occurred in a corner of a panel. At the second location a ¼” to ½” wide crack has opened in the panel face located approximately 8” to 10” above the floor line. At the third location a crack has opened full-width across the bottom of the panel.

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At the 13 of 16 precast columns both the interior and exterior floor slabs are cracking in half circular or oval patterns. In some instances, the cracks are greater than ½” wide by up to 3 feet in diameter and show up to ¼” vertical displacement. The slab inside the crack next to the columns is generally lower than the remaining portion of the floors.