Appendix B - Standard Operating Procedures.pdf

Appendix B

Standard Operating Procedures

Denver Federal Center QAPP Appendix B

Revision No. 0.0 April 2010 Page i of i

Appendix B Standard Operating Procedures

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SOP

No. Title Revision

No.1

Date

1 Personnel and Equipment Decontamination 1.0 April 2010 2 Drilling and Sampling Using Hollow-Stem Auger Techniques 1.0 April 2010 3 Borehole Logging 1.0 April 2010 4 Surface Soil Sampling 1.0 April 2010 5 Investigation Derived Waste Management 3.0 April 2010 6 Sample Handling 4.0 May 2010 7 Borehole Abandonment 1.0 April 2010 8 Monitoring Well and Piezometer Installation in the Upper

Hydrostratigraphic Unit (UHSU)

2.0 April 2010

9 Water Level Measurement 1.0 April 2010 10 Groundwater Sampling in Monitoring Wells 1.0 April 2010

10A No Purge Low Flow Groundwater Sampling 1.0 April 2010 11 Surface Water Sampling 2.0 April 2010 12 Field Parameter Measurements 1.0 April 2010 13 Land Surveying 3.0 April 2010 14 Surface Geophysical Surveys 1.0 April 2010 15 Data Management 7.0 May 2010 16 Test Pit/Trench Excavation and Sampling 1.0 April 2010 17 Utility Clearance 1.0 April 2010 18 Subsurface Sampling Using Hand Auger Techniques 1.0 April 2010 19 Sediment Sampling 1.0 April 2010 20 Pond Sampling (Pond Water, Bank Sediment and Submerged Sediment) 3.0 April 2010 21 Direct Push Sampling for Soil and Groundwater 2.0 April 2010 22 Stream, Ditch and Seep Flow Measurement 1.0 April 2010 23 Spatial Data Submittals 2.0 April 2010 24 Historical Document Review 4.0 April 2010 25 Interior Building Subsurface Soil Sampling 1.0 April 2010 26 Asbestos Inspection Procedures for Surface and Subsurface Soil 7.0 April 2010

26A Asbestos Excavation Procedures for Utility Construction 5.0 April 2010 26B Asbestos Excavation Procedures for Post Hole Drilling-Digging 2.0 April 2010 27 Remediation of Asbestos Contaminated Soils 1.0 April 2010 28 Indoor Air Sampling with Summa Canisters 2.0 April 2010

1 SOPs include a revision log that summarizes modifications.

SOP NO. 1

Standard Operating Procedure For

PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

Denver Federal Center Site-wide RCRA Facility Investigation

Prepared for:

General Services Administration

Rocky Mountain Region Denver, Colorado

Prepared by:

URS Corporation

April 2010

Revision 1.0

Denver Federal Center SOPs Revision No. 1.0

April 2010 Page i of ii

SOP NUMBER 1 PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE................................................................................................. 1-1

2.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................................ 1-1

3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT................................................................................. 1-1

4.0 PROCEDURES................................................................................................................ 1-1

4.1 DECONTAMINATION .............................................................................................. 1-2

4.1.1 Location of Decontamination Activities.............................................................. 1-2

4.1.2 Personnel Decontamination ................................................................................. 1-2

4.1.3 Small Sampling Equipment Decontamination..................................................... 1-3

4.1.4 Decontamination of Submersible Pumps............................................................. 1-3

4.1.5 Heavy Equipment Decontamination .................................................................... 1-4

4.1.6 Decontamination Sediment and Fluids ................................................................ 1-5

4.2 EQUIPMENT RINSATE SAMPLING ....................................................................... 1-5

5.0 DECONTAMINATION DOCUMENTATION .............................................................. 1-5

April 2010 Page ii of ii

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REVISION LOG

Revision Number Description Date

0.0 Original SOP No. 1 May 2000

1.0 SOP No. 1 April 2010

April 2010 Page 1-1 of 1-5

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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) provides technical guidance and methods that will be used to conduct decontamination of personnel and investigation equipment during environmental investigations at the Denver Federal Center (DFC). This SOP serves as a supplement to the site-wide and investigation area specific workplans and field sampling plans (FSPs), and is intended to be used in conjunction with the other SOPs in this volume. This SOP replaces SOP Nos.

DC-1, Personnel Decontamination (November 1998), DC-2, General Equipment Decontamination (October 29, 1998), and DC-3, Heavy Equipment Decontamination (November 1998).

2.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS

Personnel overseeing and performing decontamination activities will have knowledge and experience in the equipment and methods proposed, or will work under the direct field supervision of knowledgeable and experienced personnel. Personnel will also be qualified to perform this work in accordance with the project-specific health and safety plan (HSP).

3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

The following materials and equipment may be needed for personnel and equipment decontamination:

• Monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE) as outlined in the HSP.

• Decontamination equipment and supplies (e.g., wash/rinse tubs, brushes, alconox, plastic sheeting, paper towels, sponges, baby wipes, garden-type water sprayers, large plastic bags, potable water, distilled water and/or deionized water [laboratory-grade])

• High pressure washer/steamer

• Four-foot long capped PVC casing for decontamination of submersible pumps

• Drums or other approved water-tight containers for containing decontamination sediment and fluids

• Materials necessary to construct an investigation site-specific decontamination facility, if required (e.g., heavy plastic sheeting, berming materials, sump pump, water tanks, roll-off bins)

4.0 PROCEDURES

This procedure describes the method for physically removing contaminants. It applies to chemical and radioactive decontamination of personnel and equipment used in field investigations. All equipment must be decontaminated before use at the DFC, prior to sample collection, and before being removed from the DFC. Decontamination of personnel, sampling equipment (e.g., soil sampling equipment and submersible pumps) and heavy equipment (e.g., April 2010 Page 1-2 of 1-5

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4.1 DECONTAMINATION

4.1.1 Location of Decontamination Activities

Decontamination activities will take place both in the exclusion zone of the investigation site and at a decontamination facility designed to contain larger volumes of potentially contaminated fluids and materials. Decontamination activities conducted in the exclusion zone will be limited to washing of personnel and small sampling equipment using wash tubs or wipes. Scraping of PPE and large equipment to remove adhered clumps of soil will also be performed in the exclusion zone.

Decontamination of heavy equipment or equipment requiring high-pressure washing will be performed at a decontamination facility designed to contain large volumes of washing fluids.

The decontamination facility may consist of an investigation area-specific temporary facility constructed near the investigation site, or a DFC central decontamination facility used for multiple investigations. If a central decontamination facility is used, sufficient decontamination of equipment will be performed in the exclusion zone prior to moving to the central facility to reduce the potential for deposition of contaminated materials on roadways between the investigation site and decontamination facility.

Decontamination facilities will be constructed to limit the potential for contact of potentially contaminated materials (decontamination sediment and fluids) with environmental media (i.e., soil or water) in the decontamination area. This will be accomplished by performing decontamination activities in lined and bermed areas, and by containing decontamination sediment and fluids as they are generated.

4.1.2 Personnel Decontamination

The following steps will be used to perform personnel decontamination:

• Soil adhering to boots, apparel and equipment will be scraped off at the sampling or excavation site.

• Boots and outer apparel that will not be damaged by water will be washed with Alconox low-sudsing detergent and potable water and scrubbed with a bristle brush or similar utensil (if possible). Apparel will be rinsed with potable water.

• Coveralls removed (if used).

• Hard hat and other safety equipment removed and washed with Alconox and rinsed with potable water.

• Gloves and respirator (if used) removed.

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• Personnel shall wash hands, face, and forearms before eating/drinking.

• Following decontamination, apparel will be placed in a clean area, on clean plastic sheeting to prevent contact with contaminated soil. If the apparel is not used immediately, the equipment will be stored in plastic sheeting or heavy duty trash bags.

• Disposable PPE will be handled in accordance with Section 4.1.1 (IDW Generation, Containerization, and Handling) of SOP No. 5, Investigation Derived Waste Management.

4.1.3 Small Sampling Equipment Decontamination

Small sampling equipment consists of split spoons, sample bowls, scoops, hand augers, filtering devices, non-dedicated pumps, water level meters, and other such small equipment used in the exclusion zone or the immediate vicinity of the sample collection location. Small sampling equipment is designed to be decontaminated at the sampling location using small wash tubs.

Decontamination of small sampling equipment does not require high-pressure washing or steam cleaning, or result in production of large volumes of decontamination sediment or fluids.

The following steps will be used to decontaminate small sampling equipment:

• To reduce personal exposure, personnel will dress in suitable PPE in accordance with the

HSP.

• Soil adhering to equipment will be scraped off at the sampling site and containerized.

• Equipment that will not be damaged by water will be placed in a wash tub containing

Alconox or equivalent detergent and potable water and scrubbed with a brush. Equipment will then be rinsed initially with potable tap water and then with distilled water.

• Equipment that cannot be submerged in water (e.g., air monitoring devices, electronic devices) will be carefully wiped clean using a sponge and detergent water or baby wipes.

• Wash and potable rinse water should be replaced frequently. Decontamination sediment and water will be handled as investigation derived waste (see Section 4.1.6).

• Disposable sampling equipment will be handled in accordance with SOP No. 5, Investigation Derived Waste Management.

Following decontamination, equipment will be placed in a clean area or on clean plastic sheeting. If the equipment is not used immediately, the equipment will be covered or wrapped in plastic sheeting or trash bags.

4.1.4 Decontamination of Submersible Pumps

Submersible pumps used to conduct groundwater sampling will be decontaminated before being placed in the well. A decontaminated four-foot length of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) capped on one end will be utilized for this procedure. The following steps will be used to decontaminate submersible pumps:

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• To reduce personal exposure, personnel will dress in suitable PPE in accordance with the

HSP.

• Scrub the outside of the pump with a solution of Alconox or equivalent detergent and potable water and then rinse with potable water and distilled water.

• Fill the PVC tube with Alconox/potable water solution.

• Pump the solution through the submersible pump by lowering the intake tube of the pump to the bottom of the PVC tube. Be careful not to uncover the intake of the pump to prevent damage to the pump.

• Rinse the inside of the PVC tube with potable water to remove detergent and then fill the PVC tube with potable water.

• Pump the potable water through the pump.

• Repeat the rinse procedure with distilled water.

• Decontamination sediment and water will be handled as investigation derived waste (see Section 4.1.6).

Following decontamination, the pump will be wrapped in plastic sheeting or trash bags and placed in a clean area.

4.1.5 Heavy Equipment Decontamination

Heavy equipment used within the exclusion zone and/or for intrusive activities (e.g., drill rigs and associated heavy drilling and sampling equipment, backhoes, sampling-related vehicles) will be decontaminated upon arrival at the DFC, between investigation locations (i.e., between boreholes and test pits), and prior to leaving the DFC. The following steps will be used to decontaminate heavy equipment:

• To reduce personal exposure, personnel will dress in suitable PPE in accordance with the

HSP.

• Prior to use at the DFC and between investigation locations (i.e., between boreholes, test pits), the portion of the equipment directly exposed to potential contamination (e.g., augers, drill rods, backhoe bucket) will be decontaminated by pressure washing the equipment at the decontamination facility.

• Drill rigs and vehicles will not require pressure washing between investigation locations unless they have become substantially dirty as a result of drilling or investigation activities.

• Prior to leaving the DFC, the portions of the heavy equipment potentially exposed to contamination will be pressure washed using potable water at the decontamination facility.

Special attention will be given to removing any soil or other site-related foreign materials on the equipment.

• Decontamination sediment and water will be handled as investigation derived waste as described in Section 4.1.6 below.

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4.1.6 Decontamination Sediment and Fluids

Sediment and fluids from decontamination activities will be initially contained and stored in approved water-tight containers at the sampling site or decontamination facility. Each container will be labeled with its contents and the date using a paint pen, or permanent marker. As soon as practical, decontamination sediment and fluids will be transferred from the sampling site to a designated investigation derived waste (IDW) management area. Handling of IDW is addressed by SOP No. 5, Investigation Derived Waste Management.

4.2 EQUIPMENT RINSATE SAMPLING

Equipment rinsate blank samples may be collected to verify the effectiveness of the decontamination procedures. Equipment rinsate blank sampling is usually performed for small sampling equipment, rather than heavy equipment. The frequency of rinsate blank sample collection, as well as the analysis methods, will be specified in the investigation specific FSP. In general, the rinsate blank sample collection procedure will consist of rinsing decontaminated equipment with laboratory –grade deionized water and collecting the rinsate water in sample bottles provided by the analytical laboratory. Special attention will be given to rinsing the portions of the equipment exposed to environmental samples or potential contamination. Rinsate samples will be handled in the same manner as environmental and other quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) samples in accordance with SOP No. 6, Sample Handling.

Rinsate sample collection will be documented in the same manner as environmental and other QA/QC samples.

5.0 DECONTAMINATION DOCUMENTATION

Field personnel will be responsible for documenting proper sampling and heavy equipment decontamination. The purpose of documentation is to demonstrate in the written field record that decontamination was performed in accordance with this SOP. Decontamination activities will be documented at least each day they are performed. The documentation will be recorded in a logbook or on appropriate project forms (i.e., boring log, sample field data sheets). The information recorded concerning decontamination will include:

• Date and times of decontamination

• Location of decontamination activities (i.e., sample site, central decontamination facility)

• Decontamination personnel and materials

• Decontamination steps/observations

• Other applicable information

SOP NO. 2

DRILLING AND SAMPLING USING HOLLOW-STEM AUGER TECHNIQUES

April 2010

SOP NUMBER 2 DRILLING AND SAMPLING USING HOLLOW-STEM AUGER TECHNIQUES

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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE................................................................................................. 2-1

2.0 PERSONNEL QAULIFICATIONS ................................................................................ 2-1

3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT................................................................................. 2-1

4.0 PROCEDURES................................................................................................................ 2-2

4.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION............................................................................................ 2-2

4.1.1 Sample Collection for Lithologic Logging.......................................................... 2-3

4.1.2 Collection of Soil Samples for Chemical Analysis ............................................. 2-4

4.1.2.1 Collection of Discrete Depth Samples for Chemical Analysis........................ 2-4

4.1.2.2 Collection of Vertical Interval Samples for Chemical Analysis...................... 2-5

4.1.2.3 Collection of VOC/SVOC Samples Using Liners ........................................... 2-6

4.1.2.4 Collection of VOC/SVOC Samples Without Liners ....................................... 2-7

5.0 DOCUMENTATION ...................................................................................................... 2-8

5.1 BORING LOGS........................................................................................................... 2-8

5.2 HOLLOW STEM AUGER BOREHOLE SOIL SAMPLE FIELD DATA SHEET ... 2-8

5.3 FIELD NOTES ............................................................................................................ 2-9

List of Attachments Attachment A Hollow Stem Auger Borehole Soil Sample Field Data Sheet

April 2010

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0.0 Original SOP No. 2 May 2000

1.0 SOP No. 2 April 2010

April 2010 Page 2-1 of 2-11

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This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) provides technical guidance and methods that will be used to conduct drilling and sampling of unconsolidated material and weathered bedrock from hollow-stem auger borings at the Denver Federal Center (DFC). This SOP serves as a supplement to the site-wide and investigation area specific workplans and field sampling plans (FSPs), and is intended to be used in conjunction with the other SOPs in this volume. This SOP replaces SOP No. GT-1, Hollow-stem Auger and Rotary Core Drilling (November 1998).

2.0 PERSONNEL QAULIFICATIONS

Personnel overseeing drilling operations and logging of unconsolidated and consolidated geologic material will be geologists with a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in geology and have applicable field experience. Other qualified personnel may include geotechnical engineers or field technicians with an appropriate amount of applicable field experience or on-the-job training under the supervision of another qualified person. Personnel will also be qualified to perform this work in accordance with the project-specific health and safety plan (HSP).

3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

The following materials and equipment may be needed for subsurface drilling and soil sampling:

• Laboratory-supplied sample containers

• Bound field logbook

• Sampling site location maps

• 100-foot tape measure

• Sample field data sheets (Attachment A)

• Plastic flagging

• Monitoring equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE) as outlined in the HSP.

• Decontamination equipment and supplies (e.g., high pressure sprayer/washer, wash/rinse tubs, brushes, Alconox, plastic sheeting, paper towels, sponges, baby wipes, garden-type water sprayers, large plastic bags, potable water, distilled water and/or deionized water)

• Hollow-stem auger drill rig with appropriately sized augers and drill rods

• 4 ft x 8 ft sheet of plywood with a hole to be used to prevent cuttings from contacting the ground as they exit the borehole

• Sampling equipment for hollow-stem auger rig (e.g., stainless steel split spoon sampler, stainless steel liners, plastic end caps, teflon sheeting and tape)

• Stainless steel scoop or spoon, knife, and mixing bowl

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• Sample collection supplies (e.g., plastic recloseable plastic bags or equivalent, waterproof markers, sample labels, chain of custody [COC] forms, cooler for sample storage, ice or ice substitute, clear plastic and strapping tape, custody seals, trash bags)

• Drums or other approved containers for containing soil and water

Other materials and equipment may be needed based on field conditions.

4.0 PROCEDURES

Drilling and sampling of unconsolidated materials (soil and alluvium) and weathered bedrock at the DFC will be accomplished using hollow-stem auger methods unless otherwise specified by the FSP. All drilling and sampling equipment will be decontaminated in accordance with SOP No. 1, Personnel and Equipment Decontamination.

Before drilling, borings will have been located, numbered, and identified using stakes or paint sticks on paved surfaces. Utility clearance will have been accomplished according to SOP No. 17, Utility Clearance. After boreholes have been cleared, an exclusion zone will be established according to the HSP, and the drill rig will be set up.

Health and safety equipment specified in the HSP will be donned before proceeding with subsurface drilling and soil sampling. The HSP will specify action levels for various contaminants and the field monitoring required to measure ambient conditions.

Prior to drilling, a sheet of plywood with a hole will be placed on the ground to prevent cuttings from contacting the ground surface as they exit the borehole. As the cuttings are produced, they will be placed in labeled drums at the drill site. Following completion of drilling at a location, cuttings will be transported to a designated investigation derived waste management area, in accordance with SOP No. 5, Investigation Derived Waste Management.

4.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION

The FSP may require subsurface sampling of soil or other materials (e.g., buried waste, sediment) for lithologic description and/or chemical analysis. For the DFC, samples collected in hollow-stem augers will be obtained either with standard split spoon drive samplers, or with a continuous core barrel. Either method will allow for collection of soil samples over continuous intervals or at discrete depths or depth intervals.

Drive sampling will normally obtain a 12- to 18-inch-long sample depending on the length of the sampler. Drive sampling involves advancing the augers to the top of the desired sample interval depth, breaking the augers, and then inserting a split spoon sampling device. The split spoon is then driven through the sample interval using a rig-mounted hammer. The number of blows necessary to drive the split spoon for each 6-inch interval is recorded. Following this, the sampler is removed from the boring and opened at the surface to obtain the sample. The augers are then reattached and advanced to the top of the next sample interval. For continuous sampling, this method can be time consuming because it requires frequent breaking of the augers and trips in and out of the borehole with the sampler.

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A continuous coring barrel can obtain up to 5-foot-long cores while the augers are advancing.

The continuous coring method advances a split barrel that is contained within the lead auger.

The augers rotate around the sampler and cut while the sample barrel is prevented from rotating.

Continuous core samples are collected in the barrel. At the end of each 5-foot run, the core barrel is removed and opened at the surface to obtain the sample.

Experience in drilling at the DFC has shown that use of a continuous core barrel can sometimes result in poor sample recovery due to binding of soil in the barrel. Advancing the barrel only 2.5 feet per run can improve recovery, but is more time consuming and expensive. The rig geologist will determine the appropriate core run length depending on project requirements for sample recovery versus project schedule and cost constraints.

Subsurface samples may be collected for a variety of objectives, depending on the investigation area specific objectives. The following sections describe procedures to be implemented for various sample collection objectives.

4.1.1 Sample Collection for Lithologic Logging

Boreholes advanced through the unconsolidated materials and weathered bedrock at the DFC will be continuously sampled for lithologic characterization purposes unless otherwise specified in the FSP. Procedures for collecting samples for continuous lithologic logging will involve the following steps:

1. Unless required by the FSP for chemical or geotechnical testing purposes, no liners are necessary in the split spoon or core barrel. Unless samples are being collected for chemical testing, it is not necessary to decontaminate the sampler between sample collection intervals.

2. Clear the borehole location of surface debris (e.g., gravel, vegetation). If the area is paved, remove pavement at the drill hole location by coring or other methods prior to drilling. The boring location will have been previously cleared for buried utilities in accordance with SOP No. 17, Utility Clearance.

3. Initiate drilling by driving the split spoon at the surface or advancing the core barrel through the first core run.

4. Bring the sampler to the surface and open the sampler.

5. Screen the entire length of the sample for the presence of VOCs using a photoionization detector (PID) or flame ionization detector (FID). If VOCs are detected, the FSP may require collection of a “sample of opportunity” for chemical analysis. The requirement for collection of “samples of opportunity” should be determined prior to initiating drilling.

6. Log the sample in accordance with SOP No. 3, Borehole Logging.

7. Discard the sample with the borehole cuttings unless the FSP specifies retention of the samples in a labeled core box or other specified container. (Samples retained for chemical analysis are discussed in later sections)

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8. If using a split spoon, advance the augers to the base of the interval just sampled. If using a core barrel, advance the augers through the next core run.

9. If using a split spoon, break the augers and insert and drive the split spoon through the next sample interval.

10. Repeat Steps 4 through 9 for the entire borehole to obtain a continuous lithologic log of the borehole.

4.1.2 Collection of Soil Samples for Chemical Analysis

Project objectives may require collection of subsurface soil samples from boreholes for chemical analysis. Sample collection procedures will vary depending on the types of chemical analyses to be performed. In particular, samples collected for volatile organic chemical (VOC) and semivolatile organic chemical (SVOC) analysis must be collected as discrete samples. Procedures must minimize handling of the VOC/SVOC samples that could result in loss of volatile constituents in the sample material. Therefore, homogenization of sample material is not acceptable for VOC or SVOC samples.

Two types of procedures for collection of VOC and SVOC samples are specified below. One method collects the VOC and SVOC samples directly into stainless steel liners, which are then capped, sealed, and sent directly to the laboratory. The other method involves filling of sample jars for VOC and SVOC analysis.

Depending on project objectives, subsurface samples from boreholes may be collected to represent specific discrete depth intervals, or to represent an entire vertical interval of material. Procedures for collection of each type of sample are specified below.

As mentioned in the previous section, the FSP may require collection of “samples of opportunity”.

This term refers to collection of unplanned samples based on field observation of indications of contamination in areas or at depths that are not expected. The FSP will specify whether collection of samples of opportunity may be necessary for a given project. The rig geologist should know whether collection of such samples may be necessary prior to initiating drilling.

4.1.2.1 Collection of Discrete Depth Samples for Chemical Analysis Project objectives may require collection of subsurface samples at discrete depths for chemical analysis. The following discussion is based on collection of samples for analysis of the full suite of DFC potential chemicals of concern. Although the intent of this type of sampling is to collect samples representative of a specific depth, in practical terms, sample volume requirements necessitate collection of several feet of core sample. For the majority of chemical analyses, a mixture of the entire sample interval is appropriate. For VOC and SVOC analyses, sample mixing is inappropriate. Therefore, VOC and SVOC samples must be collected from specific points within the sample interval.

Procedures for collecting samples at discrete depths for chemical analysis will involve the following steps:

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1. If VOC/SVOC samples are to be collected using stainless steel liners (see Section 4.1.2.3 below), place stainless steel liners in the split spoon or core barrel.

2. Advance the augers to (split spoon) or through (core barrel) the desired sampling depth.

3. If using a split spoon, break the augers and insert and drive the sampler through the sample interval.

4. Bring the sampler to the surface and open the sampler.

5. Screen the entire length of the sample for the presence of VOCs using a PID or FID. If liners are used, screen the breaks between the liners with the PID/FID.

6. If VOC/SVOC samples are to be collected using stainless steel liners, follow the procedures specified in Section 4.1.2.3. If VOC/SVOC samples are to be collected without liners, follow the procedures specified in Section 4.1.2.4.

7. Log the sample in accordance with SOP No. 3, Borehole Logging.

8. If liners are used, proceed to Step 9. Otherwise, use a decontaminated stainless steel knife to scrape the surface of the drive or core sample along its entire length to remove the smear zone previously in contact with the sampler. Discard the scraped material.

9. Handling of the non-VOC/SVOC portion of the sample will depend on the specific chemical analyses being performed. Typically, the material (after extrusion from the liners, if used) will either be placed in a decontaminated stainless steel bowl for homogenization, or will be placed directly into the appropriate laboratory-supplied containers.

10. If the non-VOC/SVOC portion of the sample is to be homogenized, thoroughly mix the sample material in the stainless steel bowl using a decontaminated stainless steel spoon. To homogenize, divide the sample into four quarters and mix each quarter, then combine the four quarters and mix the entire sample. Place mixture into appropriate laboratory-supplied sample containers.

11. Label and handle the sample containers in accordance with SOP No. 6, Sample Handling.

12. Decontaminate the sampler.

13. Repeat Steps 1 through 12 for each sampling interval specified in the FSP.

4.1.2.2 Collection of Vertical Interval Samples for Chemical Analysis Project objectives may require collection of subsurface samples for chemical analysis that represent entire intervals of subsurface material (e.g., an entire column of landfill material).

Note: if VOC/SVOC samples are to be collected from the vertical interval, they must be collected as discrete samples from within the interval. Procedures for collecting vertical interval samples for chemical analysis will involve the following steps:

1. If VOC/SVOC samples are to be collected using stainless steel liners (see Section 4.1.2.3 below), place stainless steel liners in the split spoon or core barrel.

2. Advance the augers to the top of (split spoon) or through the first core run (core barrel) of the desired vertical sampling interval.

3. If using a split spoon, break the augers and insert and drive the split spoon.

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4. Bring the sampler to the surface and open the sampler.

5. Screen the entire length of the sample for the presence of VOCs using a PID or FID. If liners are used, screen the breaks between the liners with the PID/FID.

6. If VOC/SVOC samples are to be collected using liners, follow the procedures specified in

Section 4.1.2.3. If VOC/SVOC samples are to be collected without liners, follow the procedures specified in Section 4.1.2.4.

7. Log the sample in accordance with SOP No. 3, Borehole Logging.

8. If liners are used, proceed to Step 9. Otherwise, use a decontaminated stainless steel knife to scrape the surface of the drive or core sample along its entire length to remove the smear zone previously in contact with the sampler. Discard the scraped material.

9. Handling of the non-VOC/SVOC portion of the sample will depend on the specific chemical analyses being performed, if any. Typically, the material (extruded from liners, if used) will be placed in a decontaminated stainless steel bowl for mixing with the remaining vertical interval sample material.

10. If the sample is to be homogenized, thoroughly mix the non-VOC sample material in the stainless steel bowl using a decontaminated stainless steel spoon. To homogenize, divide the sample into four quarters and mix each quarter, then combine the four quarters and mix the entire sample. Cover and set aside the bowl containing the mixture pending collection of additional samples of the vertical interval.

11. Decontaminate the sampler.

12. Repeat Steps 1 through 11 through the remaining portion of the vertical sampling interval specified in the FSP adding each successive core sample (minus the VOC/SVOC portion) to the mixing bowl. Thoroughly mix the material in the bowl each time a successive core sample is added.

13. Once the entire vertical interval of interest has been sampled, fill the sample containers for the non-VOC/SVOC laboratory analyses from the sample mixture in the stainless steel bowl.

14. Label and handle the sample containers in accordance with SOP No. 6, Sample Handling.

15. Repeat the entire process for the next vertical sample interval, if any.

4.1.2.3 Collection of VOC/SVOC Samples Using Liners

Following removal and screening of the drive sampler or core barrel from the borehole (see Steps 1-5 of Sections 4.1.2.1 or 4.1.2.2), the following procedures will be used to collect soil samples for VOC/SVOC analysis using stainless steel liners:

1. Select the liner(s) for VOC/SVOC analysis. One liner must be collected for VOC analysis and one for SVOC analysis. Typically adjacent liners will be selected. For discrete depth samples, continue with Step 2. For vertical interval samples, proceed to Step 3.

2. Select the liners for VOC and SVOC analysis based on the highest PID/FID readings or other indications of potential contamination (e.g., odors or staining). If no indications of

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Cap the ends with teflon sheeting and plastic end caps. Proceed to Step 5.

3. Select liner(s) for possible VOC/SVOC analysis based on the highest PID/FID readings or other indications of potential contamination (e.g., odors or staining). If no indications of contamination are evident, select the VOC and SVOC liners from the middle of the sampler.

Cap the ends with teflon sheeting and plastic end caps and label the liner(s). Store the liner(s) in an ice chest with ice pending sampling of the entire vertical interval. The liner(s) selected for analysis will be determined following sampling of the entire vertical interval.

4. Once the entire vertical interval has been sampled, select the liner(s) for VOC and/or SVOC analysis based on FSP specifications or indications of potential contamination.

5. Label and handle the liners for chemical analysis in accordance with SOP No. 6, Sample Handling.

4.1.2.4 Collection of VOC/SVOC Samples Without Liners

Following removal and screening of the drive sampler or core barrel from the borehole (see Steps 1-5 of Sections 4.1.2.1 or 4.1.2.2), the following procedures will be used to collect soil samples for VOC/SVOC analysis when stainless steel liners have not been used:

1. Select the interval of the core sample for VOC/SVOC analysis. For discrete depth samples, continue with Step 2. For vertical interval samples, proceed to Step 5.

2. Select the core interval for VOC and SVOC analysis based on the highest PID/FID readings or other indications of potential contamination (e.g., odors or staining). If no indications of contamination are evident, select the core interval for VOC/SVOC analysis from the middle of the sampler.

3. Using a decontaminated stainless steel knife, scrape the surface of the VOC/SVOC sample interval along its entire length to remove the smear zone previously in contact with the sampler. Discard the scraped material.

4. Place the remaining material in the appropriate laboratory-supplied sample containers. Fully pack the containers to eliminate head space. Tightly seal the containers with the appropriate lids. Proceed to Step 10.

5. Select the core interval for possible VOC/SVOC analysis based on the highest PID/FID readings or other indications of potential contamination (e.g., odors or staining). If no indications of contamination are evident, select the core interval for VOC/SVOC analysis from the middle of the sampler.

6. Using a decontaminated stainless steel knife, scrape the surface of the VOC/SVOC sample interval along its entire length to remove the smear zone previously in contact with the sampler. Discard the scraped material.

7. Place the remaining material in the appropriate laboratory-supplied sample containers for possible VOC/SVOC analysis. Fully pack the containers to eliminate head space. Tightly seal the containers with the appropriate lids.

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8. Store the containers in an ice chest with ice pending sampling of the entire vertical interval.

The containers selected for analysis will be determined following sampling of the entire vertical interval.

9. Once the entire vertical interval has been sampled, select the containers for VOC and/or SVOC analysis based on FSP specifications or indications of potential contamination.

10. Label and handle the containers for chemical analysis in accordance with SOP No. 6, Sample Handling.

5.0 DOCUMENTATION

A "rig geologist" (qualified geologist, hydrogeologist, engineer, or technician) experienced in borehole drilling and soil sampling will be present at each operating drill rig during drilling and sampling operations. This rig geologist will be responsible for documenting drilling operations, health and safety monitoring, decontamination procedures, IDW handling, sample collection, and preparing detailed boring logs. All activities and information associated with borehole drilling and sampling will be recorded on boring logs, in designated project field logbooks, and/or on approved standard forms.

5.1 BORING LOGS

The rig geologist will maintain a detailed, complete, and accurate boring log during drilling and sampling activities. The boring log is the primary record of observations of physical conditions encountered during borehole drilling. The purpose of the boring log is to document all pertinent information that may be necessary for someone other than the rig geologist to understand and interpret the geologic and hydrogeologic conditions observed during drilling. For the DFC, a critical issue is the contact between the unconsolidated material and the weathered bedrock. In many locations, the contact is apparent based on textural and color indicators. In other areas, the contact is texturally indistinguishable and must be determined based on mineralogical properties.

The boring log must provide sufficient textural and/or mineralogical information so that someone other than the rig geologist can understand the basis for identification of the unconsolidated material/weathered bedrock contact. Similarly, the basis for the contact between the weathered and unweathered bedrock must be documented in detail.

Procedures for logging of boreholes are specified in SOP No. 3, Borehole Logging. The DFC boring log form is Attachment A of that SOP.

5.2 HOLLOW STEM AUGER BOREHOLE SOIL SAMPLE FIELD DATA SHEET

Sampling activities and observations at each sampling location will be documented on the Hollow Stem Auger Borehole Soil Sample Field Data Sheet (Attachment A). Items not applicable to the sampling will be labeled as not applicable (NA). The information on the data sheet includes the following:

• Project name and number

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• Drilling contractor name

• Field personnel

• Sample number, location, and type

• Chain-of-custody form number

• Sample collection method

• Sample collection date and time

• Sample depth interval

• Sample color, staining, or odor (describe)

• PID or FID readings (screening and headspace)

• Type of sample containers, sample preservation

• Record of any QA/QC samples collected

• Any irregularities or other problems that may have an impact on sample quality

• Other applicable information

5.3 FIELD NOTES

In addition to the boring log and Hollow Stem Auger Borehole Soil Sample Field Data Sheet, the geologist will also maintain a bound field logbook. The purpose of the field logbook is to document a semi-narrative record of the field conditions, activities, and events relevant to the field program on a daily basis. The field logbook constitutes the daily written record of the field activities, while the boring log constitutes the written record of the borehole conditions.

Information to be recorded in the field logbook is specified in SOP No. 3, Borehole Logging.

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ATTACHMENT A

HOLLOW STEM AUGER BOREHOLE

SOIL SAMPLE FIELD DATA SHEET

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Denver Federal Center Hollow Stem Auger Borehole Soil Sample Field Data Sheet

Sample Identification No.

Project Information Project Name:

RFI Contractor: Rig Geologist/Sample Tech.:

Borehole Information (all depths in feet bgs) Borehole No. Borehole Dia. Borehole Depth Depth to 1st water ATD Depth to WKd Depth to UKd

Sample Information (all depths in feet bgs) Date and Time of Sample Collection:

Sample Condition (circle): Saturated Unsaturated Sample Collection Method (circle): Core Barrel Drive Sampler Liners Used Sample Type and Depths: (either discrete or vertical composite) Discrete: VOC/SVOC Sample Depth Non-VOC/SVOC Sample Depth Interval Vert. Comp.: VOC/SVOC Sample Depth Non-VOC/SVOC Composite Interval VOC/SVOC Sample (circle): Liner Method Grab Method Non-VOC/SVOC Sample (circle): Grab Homogenized Sample Lithologic Description (from Boring Log):

PID/FID Measurements (record reading and depth interval)

Sample Containers Number Preservatives Analyses

Associated QA/QC Sample Nos.:

Comments/Observations

Sampler's Name and Signature:

SOP NO. 3

BOREHOLE LOGGING

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SOP NUMBER 3 BOREHOLE LOGGING

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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE................................................................................................. 3-1

2.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................................ 3-1

3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT................................................................................. 3-1

4.0 PROCEDURES................................................................................................................ 3-2

4.1 BORING LOG............................................................................................................. 3-2

4.2 FIELD LOGBOOK...................................................................................................... 3-3

List of Tables Table 1 Log Descriptors for Unconsolidated Soil

Table 2 Log Descriptors for Consolidated Rock

Attachment A Boring Log Form

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0.0 Original SOP No. 3 May 2000

1.0 SOP No. 3 April 2010

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This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) provides technical guidance and methods that will be used to log boreholes drilled in unconsolidated and weathered bedrock during environmental investigations at the Denver Federal Center (DFC). This SOP serves as a supplement to the site-wide and investigation area specific workplans and field sampling plans (FSPs), and is intended to be used in conjunction with the other SOPs in this volume. This SOP replaces SOP No. BG-2, Test Pit, Test Trench, and Borehole Geologic Logging (November 20, 1998).

2.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS

Personnel responsible for logging boreholes in unconsolidated and consolidated geologic material will be geologists with a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in geology and have applicable field experience. Other qualified personnel may include geotechnical engineers or field technicians with an appropriate amount of applicable field experience or on-the-job training under the supervision of another qualified person. Personnel will also be qualified to perform this work in accordance with the project-specific health and safety plan (HSP).

3.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

The following materials and equipment may be needed for borehole logging:

• Boring log forms (Attachment A)

• Bound field notebook

• Waterproof pens

• Pencils

• Hand lens (10x magnification or higher)

• Latex or nitrile gloves and other required PPE

• Tape measure

• Stainless steel knife, screwdriver, rock hammer

• Decontamination equipment and supplies (e.g., wash/rinse tubs, brushes, Alconox, plastic sheeting, paper towels, sponges, baby wipes, garden-type water sprayers, large plastic bags, potable water, distilled water and/or deionized water)

• Electronic water level meter

• Appropriate field monitoring instruments (e.g., photoionization detector [PID], flame ionization detector [FID], combustible gas indicator [CGI]), as required by the HSP

• Reference tables listing ASTM and/or USCS codes and descriptions

• Munsel color chart

Other materials and equipment may be needed based on field conditions.

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4.0 PROCEDURES

4.1 BORING LOG

The boring log is the primary record of observations of physical conditions encountered during borehole drilling. The primary purpose of the boring log is to document all pertinent information that may be necessary for someone other than the rig geologist to understand and interpret the geologic and hydrogeologic conditions observed during drilling.