Final SOW - CASREP BEC 300K Gal Water Tower Clean and Inspect.pdf

Updated August 2024

SCOPE OF WORK: BASE Elizabeth City Water Storage Tank Clean and Inspect

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

The work consists of providing all labor, materials, and equipment necessary to clean and inspect the 300,000-gallon potable water storage tank at USCG BASE Elizabeth City located at1664 Weeksville Road, Elizabeth City, NC, 27909. Specific concerns with the USCG owned potable water system include reduced free residual chloramine and positive fecal coliform tests that have rendered the potable water not safe for personnel consumption.

2. COMMENCEMENT, PROSECUTION AND COMPLETION OF WORK:

Upon acceptance, the contractor shall commence work NLT thirty (30) calendar days after notice to proceed and work diligently to complete the entire work ready for use by thirty (30) days after commencement of work.

3. SCOPE OF WORK:

The contractor shall perform a thorough cleaning and structural/condition inspection of the 300,000-gallon water storage tank. A similarly contracted effort has not been performed since 2016.

For the disinfection of shoreside water storage tanks, the Coast Guard adheres to the Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 6, Water Supply Afloat, NAVMED P-5010-6. The contractor shall evaluate the standard laid out in 6-24 of this manual to determine whether mechanical or chemical disinfection of the asset is required. A comprehensive flowchart for this process can be found in Table 6-24.1, in Appendix 1 of this document. The contractor shall then clean the interior of the tank pursuant to the identified discrepancy (i.e., biofilm vs inorganic).

The structural/condition inspection of the tank shall include notation and reporting of all cracks, fissures, rusting, material degradation, and missing/damaged gaskets. The structural/condition inspection includes both an internal and external inspection. Additionally, this includes an inspection of the interior coating system. The contractor shall provide pictures of any noted discrepancies and compile a brief informal report outlining the condition and estimated remaining service life of the 300,000-gallon water tower and its related equipment (valves, pumphouse, electronic control equipment).

4. DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY:

The 300,000-gallon water tower (RPUID 23957) is denoted as MV1 on the Official Plot Plan, included as Appendix 2 of this document. The ground floor of the water tower contains the water supply line for the potable water delivered by Elizabeth City Public Works, a testing port, all pumps and elements of the pumphouse, the electric pump control panel, and a ladder to access upper levels of the tower. Pictures of the water tower and its related equipment are included as Appendix 3. A reference drawing of the water tower is included as Appendix 4.

Positive coliform tests and the lack of free residual chloramine at potable water taps and showers throughout USCG BASE Elizabeth City necessitates cleaning and inspection of BASE Elizabeth City’s 300,000-gallon water storage tank. Water quality tests collected by BASE Elizabeth City’s health and sanitation officer at several locations around the facility are provided in Appendix 5.

A 2019 water quality inspection and diagnostic yielded that pH, fecal coliform, and residual halogen (free residual chloramine) were the primary sources of concern for the safety of the municipal potable water delivered by Elizabeth City Public Works. This document containing the testing regiment, result, and monitoring plan are provided in Appendix 3. This document noted that following a potable water line maintenance project initiated in 2019, the entire Base would be brought into a consecutive water system, with all tenants receiving potable water linearly following its passage through the pump house and the 300,000-gallon water tower. This action was anticipated to create “faster water turnover…. thus decreasing potential water quality problems (stratification, decreased halogen residuals, biofilms, etc.)”. Recent testing from the USCG HWSL Department has yielded a free residual chloramine level of 0.03 mg/L at the pumphouse prior to entering the water tower, which falls far below State of North Carolina standard of 1 mg/L. While municipally delivered free residual chloramine is an issue, the significant contact time within the tower as a consecutive water system severely impacts free residual chloramine.

5. CONTRACTOR CERTIFICATIONS:

The contractor shall currently be a certified North Carolina Drinking Water Operator. The Contractor shall submit a photocopy of the certification to the contracting officer.

6. DESCRIPTION OF WORK:

a. The contractor shall be responsible for the following: The contractor shall inspect the structural interior/exterior elements of the water tower and clean the interior of the 300,000-gallon tank. The water tower tank will be emptied by the government prior to Contractor work.

i. The structural/condition inspection of the tank shall include notation and reporting of all cracks, fissures, rusting, material degradation, and missing/damaged gaskets. The structural/condition inspection includes both an internal and external inspection.

Additionally, this includes an inspection of the internal coating system. The contractor shall provide pictures of any noted discrepancies and compile a brief informal report outlining the condition and estimated remaining service life of the 300,000-gallon water tower and its related equipment (valves, pumphouse, electronic control equipment).

b. The Contractor will be responsible for gas-free and confined space entry of the water tower for cleaning and inspecting.

c. The Contractor will be responsible for coordinating a boom lift truck and/or fall protection system to perform the structural/condition inspection of the external features of the water tower.

d. The Contractor must sign in with the watch stander prior to beginning any work.

e. All work should be coordinated with station operations, but generally be scheduled Monday through Friday between 0800 and 1600 excluding any Federal Holidays.

f. The contractor shall provide copies of the project manager’s North Carolina Drinking

Water Operator certification. This project manager must be approved prior to any resulting work under this contract.

g. The contractor shall provide current copies of issuance for the services provided under this contract.

h. The contractor shall be responsible for establishing any temporary environmental controls if they are required.

i. The contractor shall furnish all supplies including consumable materials, fall protection, and cleaning equipment necessary to clean and inspect the water tower in a safe and effective manner.

j. The contactor will remove and dispose of all waste generated by this service contract.

The contractor is made aware that all waste must be manifested off the facility with the Generator, EPA ID and Base Environmental Compliance Office’s signature. This signature and information will be obtained from the Base Environmental Compliance Office located in Room 4 at Building 62. The POC for the Base Environmental Compliance Office is Chris Dunn (Email: chris.a.dunn@uscg.mil).

7. CONTACT ADMINISTRATOR/POINT OF CONTACT:

The following employees of the U.S. Coast Guard identified will use all powers under the contract to enforce its faithful performance: Asim Durakovic.

8. LOCAL POC AND TECHNICAL POC:

The Local POC located at Base Elizabeth City will be Steven (Josh) Carr (Email:

steven.j.carr@uscg.mil). The Local POC will be available for any site visits/coordination and answer questions pertaining to Base Elizabeth City.

The Technical POC will be LT Owen Gibson (Email: owen.m.gibson@uscg.mil) at CEU- Cleveland.

9. CONTRACTING OFFICER:

All orders from the U.S. Coast Guard shall be transmitted and communicated through the Contracting Officer. The appointed Contracting Officer is Asim Durakovic.

10. CONTRACTING OFFICERS REPRESENTATIVE (COR):

The COR shall work with the contractor on a daily basis in scheduling and coordinating services, answering questions in conjunction with the scope of work (SOW), and provide general direction under the resulting contract. The appointed COR is Michael Barclift (Email:

michael.d.barclift@uscg.mil).

mailto:steven.j.carr@uscg.mil mailto:owen.m.gibson@uscg.mil mailto:michael.d.barclift@uscg.mil

11. INCURRED COSTS:

a. The contractor shall furnish all supplies including consumable materials, fall protection, and cleaning equipment necessary to clean and inspect the water tower in a safe and effective manner.

b. The contactor will remove and dispose of all waste generated by this service contract.

The contractor is made aware that all waste must be manifested off the facility with the Generator, EPA ID and Base Environmental Compliance Office’s signature. This signature and information will be obtained from the Base Environmental Compliance Office located in Room 4 at Building 62. The POC for the Environmental Compliance Office is Chris Dunn (Email: chris.a.dunn@uscg.mil).

12. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS:

Hazardous materials used by a contractor are required to be removed from the facility when work is complete. Waste accumulated as part of this work shall be disposed of by the contactor in accordance with RCRA and transported off the facility in accordance with DOT regulations by a certified waste disposal company. All waste must be manifested off the facility and each manifest or bill of lading shall be signed by a representative of the facility as the Generator.

These certified representatives are in the Base Environmental Compliance Office located in Room 4 at Building 62. The POC for the Environmental Compliance Office is Chris Dunn (Email: chris.a.dunn@uscg.mil). Disposal must be in accordance with federal, state, and local laws.

mailto:chris.a.dunn@uscg.mil

Appendix 1: Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 6, Water Supply Afloat

Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery NAVMED P-5010-6 (Rev. 1-2022) 7700 Arlington Blvd., Falls Church, VA 22042

Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine

Chapter 6

WATER QUALITY AFLOAT

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT "A"

This publication supersedes NAVMED P-5010-6 of 2005

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

NAVMED P-5010-6

Chapter 6 Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine

Water Quality Afloat

26 Jan 2022

To: Holders of the Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine

1. Purpose. This manual sets forth medical surveillance guidance for potable water systems for United States Ships (USS) and United States Naval Ships (USNS).

2. Background. This revision reflects the latest potable water system health, sanitation and preventive medicine requirements, and incorporates recently updated afloat potable water system information and guidance from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM), the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED), and applicable government and industry standard organizations.

3. Action. Replace entire Chapter 6 with this version.

Releasability and distribution:

This publication is cleared for public release and is available electronically only via the Navy Medicine Web site at, https://www.med.navy.mil/Directives https://www.med.navy.mil/Directives

CHAPTER 6

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

SECTION I. GENERAL INFORMATION ........................................................................... 6-1

6-1. Purpose ........................................................................................................... 6-1

6-2. Potable Water Afloat Resources .................................................................... 6-1

6-3. Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations ....................................... 6-1

6-4. Policy ............................................................................................................. 6-1

6-5. Responsibilities .............................................................................................. 6-2

SECTION II. FUNDAMENTALS OF SHIP POTABLE WATER ..................................... 6-5

6-6. Fundamentals of Ship Potable Water ............................................................. 6-5

6-7. Water Quality Standards ................................................................................ 6-6

6-8. Approved Sources of Ship Potable Water ..................................................... 6-7

6-9. Sources of Doubtful Quality or Unapproved Sources ................................. 6-10

6-10. Receipt and Transfer of Potable Water. ....................................................... 6-10

6-11. Connection and Transfer Procedures. .......................................................... 6-11

SECTION III. PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND DISTRIBUTION ............................... 6-13

6-12. Potable Water Production. ........................................................................... 6-13

6-13. Potable Water Storage.................................................................................. 6-14

6-14. Filling Lines ................................................................................................. 6-16

6-15. Potable Water Piping ................................................................................... 6-16

6-16. Repairs ......................................................................................................... 6-17

6-17. Labeling and Color-Coding ......................................................................... 6-18

6-18. Care of Shipboard Potable Water Hoses and Equipment. ........................... 6-18

6-19. Potable Water Hose Storage Lockers .......................................................... 6-18

SECTION IV. DISINFECTION ............................................................................................ 6-21

6-20. Disinfection of Potable Water Supplies ....................................................... 6-21

6-21. Shipboard Potable Water Disinfection Requirements ................................. 6-22

6-22. Mechanical Disinfectant Addition Methods ................................................ 6-23

6-23. Manual Disinfectant Addition Methods ....................................................... 6-25

6-24. Disinfection of Potable Water Tanks and Systems ...................................... 6-25

6-25. Disinfection of Potable Water Hoses, Tapes, and Rods .............................. 6-25 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

6-26. Emergency Disinfection of Water for Drinking and Cooking Purposes ..... 6-28

6-27. Chlorine Dosage Calculations ...................................................................... 6-28

SECTION V. POTABLE WATER MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE .................................. 6-31

6-28. General ......................................................................................................... 6-31

6-29. Potable Water Medical Surveillance for Surface and Commander, Naval Air Forces (COMNAVAIRFOR) Vessels ......................................... 6-31

6-30. Potable Water Medical Surveillance for Submarines .................................. 6-33

6-31. Calcium Hypochlorite Storage ..................................................................... 6-35

6-32. Potable Water for Yard Craft ....................................................................... 6-36

6-33. Potable Water in Shipyards, New Construction, Overhaul.......................... 6-36

SECTION VI. EVALUATION OF TASTE AND ODOR PROBLEMS ........................... 6-39

6-34. Taste and Odor Problems in Ship Potable Water ......................................... 6-39

6-35. Indicators of Taste and Odor Problems ....................................................... 6-39

6-36. Initial Evaluation of Taste and Odor Problems............................................ 6-39

6-37. Control Measures for Taste and Odor Problems.......................................... 6-41

6-38. Request for Outside Assistance ................................................................... 6-42

SECTION VII. EMERGENCY WATER SUPPLIES ......................................................... 6-43

6-39. Battle Dressing Stations ............................................................................... 6-43

6-40. Emergency Potable Water, 5-Gallon Containers ......................................... 6-43

6-41. Emergency Life Raft Drinking Water and Bottled Drinking Water ............ 6-44

SECTION VIII. MAKING AND HANDLING OF ICE ..................................................... 6-45

6-42. Ice Making. .................................................................................................. 6-45

6-43. Special Precautions for Handling of Ice ...................................................... 6-45

6-44. Cleaning and Disinfection of Ice Machines ................................................. 6-45

6-45. Bacteriological Quality of Ice ...................................................................... 6-46

SECTION IX. CROSS-CONNECTIONS ............................................................................. 6-47

6-46. Cross-Connections ....................................................................................... 6-47

6-47. Cross-Connection Definitions ...................................................................... 6-47

6-48. Improper Piping Installation ........................................................................ 6-48

6-49. Cross-Connection Surveillance .................................................................... 6-49 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

SECTION X. EMERGENCY BALLAST, HAULED WATER ......................................... 6-51

6-50. Emergency Use of Potable Water Tanks for Ballast ................................... 6-51

6-51. Hauled Water (or Cargo Water) ................................................................... 6-51

APPENDIX A Potable Water Afloat References and Resources .......................................... A-1 APPENDIX B Terms and Definitions....................................................................................B-1 APPENDIX C List of Acronyms ...........................................................................................C-1 APPENDIX D Sample Ship Water Sanitation Bill ............................................................... D-1

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 6-11.1. Potable Water Transfer Procedures for Shore-to-Ship and Ship-to-Ship .......... 6-12

Table 6-24.1. Methods for Disinfection of Potable Water Tanks ........................................... 6-27

Table 6-27.1. Chlorine Dosage Calculator for 5% Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite (Unscented) ........................................................................................................ 6-29 Table 6-27.2. Chlorine Dosage Calculator for 10% Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite (Unscented) ........................................................................................................ 6-29 Table 6-27.3. Chlorine Dosage Calculator for 65-70% Powder Calcium Hypochlorite .......... 6-30

Table 6-29.1 Routine Medical Surveillance Testing Procedure Summary ............................. 6-33

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 6-8.1. Illustration of Ship Potable Water Supply Chain ................................................. 6-8 Figure 6-8.2. Examples of NSF/ANSI Certification Marks .................................................... 6-10 iv

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SECTION I. GENERAL INFORMATION

6-1. Purpose

1. The primary purpose of this chapter is to serve as a guide to Medical Department personnel assigned responsibilities for medical surveillance of potable water systems aboard ships and submarines of the United States Navy and ships of the Military Sealift Command (USS and USNS). The basic public health protection principles outlined in this chapter when followed should help prevent water-borne disease outbreaks. The use of trademark names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Department of Navy (DON), but is intended only to assist in identifying specific products.

2. Personnel with responsibilities for bunkering (i.e., loading), production, treatment, storage, distribution, and testing of potable water should be familiar with current applicable naval instructions, technical manuals, and directives applicable to their roles.

3. The primary goal of medical surveillance of shipboard potable water systems is the health and safety of personnel who will consume or otherwise be exposed to the system’s product.

Medical surveillance of drinking water quality plays a critical role in preventing waterborne disease outbreaks, detecting water quality problems, and public health risks in order to protect the lives and health of water system consumers.

6-2. Potable Water Afloat Resources. A list of applicable references and information resources is provided in appendix A.

6-3. Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations. The glossary provided in appendix B defines terms as they are used in this chapter. A list of acronyms and abbreviations used in this chapter is provided in appendix C.

6-4. Policy

1. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) was signed into law on 16 December 1974. The SDWA and subsequent amendments directed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop federally enforceable National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) (https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations) for all public water systems (PWS). The NPDWR are published in Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) parts 141 through 142.

2. Under the SDWA, the EPA has developed National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWR) (https://www.epa.gov/dwregdev/drinking-water-regulations-and-contaminants#Secondary) for all PWSs. NSDWR refer to contaminants that may affect the aesthetic quality of drinking water. The NSDWR are published in 40 CFR 143. Unlike the NPDWR, the NSDWR are not federally enforceable, but may be incorporated into State law and enforced by respective states.

https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations https://www.epa.gov/dwregdev/drinking-water-regulations-and-contaminants#Secondary https://www.epa.gov/dwregdev/drinking-water-regulations-and-contaminants#Secondary

26 Jan 2022 6-2

3. It is DON policy that all Navy public water systems be operated and maintained to comply with Federal and State laws and regulations, as well as Department of Defense (DoD) and DON policies. While they do not directly apply to Navy vessels, references (a) through (c) set forth policies for implementing SDWA and Federal Drinking Water Regulations at Navy shore installations located in the continental United States and U.S. Territories and Possessions.

Environmental Final Governing Standards (FGS) have been established for installations outside the continental United States (OCONUS) that are operated or controlled by the U.S. Navy (or another DoD entity). Potable water obtained by Navy vessels berthed inside the continental United States (CONUS) and OCONUS U.S. Navy installations is required to meet or exceed these standards.

4. The NPDWR are adopted as the afloat water quality standards for maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for organic chemicals; inorganic chemicals; disinfection byproducts; residual disinfectant levels; and radionuclides. However, neither routine nor periodic testing of ship water quality to these water quality standards is required for vessels. Rather, these standards are used to influence the material choices for design and maintenance of ship potable water systems.

After completion of new construction and maintenance, these standards are used as performance standards to establish disinfection and residual disinfectant compliance of the potable water systems.

6-5. Responsibilities

1. Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command (COMNAVSEASYSCOM) has responsibility for the design and construction, as well as operation and maintenance procedures for shipboard potable water systems. This includes shipboard treatment systems and shipboard processes necessary to ensure potable water systems are delivered to the Fleet following construction and maintenance in compliance with the disinfection requirements of the NPDWR.

2. Shore Installation Commanding Officer (CO) has responsibility to ensure a safe supply of potable water is provided to berthed ships, which meets Navy water quality standards as set forth in references (c) through (e). Reference (f) provides drinking water quality standards, determination of fit for human consumption (FFHC), hauled drinking water, laboratories, records management and reporting requirements, sanitary survey execution, certification of chemicals used in drinking water treatment, certification of drinking water systems modification or construction, and operators training and certification requirements for Navy Overseas Drinking Water (ODW) Programs.

3. Commander, Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUPSYSCOM), per reference (g), is responsible (via the NAVSUPSYSCOM Global Logistics System lead contracting executive and regional Fleet Logistics Centers) for the solicitation, award, and monitoring of services for all husbanding contracts used by the U.S. Navy. Husbanding contracts provide logistic support services, including the purchase of potable water for ship port visits throughout the world where there are no U.S. Navy facilities. Support is provided by husbanding service providers for Navy vessels entering non-U.S. Navy facilities.

26 Jan 2022 6-3

4. Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) is responsible for establishing and promulgating afloat and shore installation water quality standards. Reference (d) sets forth potable water quality standards for shore installations in the United States and its Territories, and on foreign soil. Additionally, BUMED sets forth via this chapter the potable water system medical surveillance procedures and responsibilities for ship medical department personnel.

5. Commander, Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center (NAVMCPUBHLTHCEN) provides subject matter experts to deliver public health advice and consultation for water quality concerns, formal public health risk assessments, and risk communication support for afloat commands as requested or required. Additionally, NAVMCPUBHLTHCEN maintains and updates Navy Medicine policy and guidance related to drinking water quality, as needed.

6. Type Commanders have the responsibility for issuing the necessary implementing directives to ensure adequate water sanitation standards are provided and enforced in each ship within their chain of command.

7. The Captain, Master, (hereafter referred to as CO) or other applicable responsible party of each ship, per reference (h) has responsibility for providing adequate quantities of safe potable water for the crew. This includes promulgating a water sanitation bill to ensure procedures for receipt, transfer, treatment, storage, distribution, and surveillance are provided and followed.

8. The Ship Engineering Officer, per references (h) and (i) is responsible to the CO for the production, treatment, operation, and maintenance of the ship’s potable water system. The engineering officer is responsible to ensure all ship-to-shore connections are made only by authorized and trained personnel. The engineering department conducts chloride and hydrogen ion (pH) testing of the ship’s potable water. The engineering department ensures a minimum halogen residual is maintained at a potable water tank with the minimum contact time before placing a potable water tank on-line to the ship’s potable water distribution system.

9. The Medical Officer or Medical Department Representative (MDR), per references (h) and (i), is responsible for conducting a medical surveillance program of the ship’s potable water system to include, collection of samples and testing for total coliform and E. coli bacteria, and halogen residual (disinfectant) measurements from the distribution system as prescribed in this chapter. The MDR must advise the CO of any public health concerns observed for the potable water system during medical surveillance oversight.

26 Jan 2022 6-4

26 Jan 2022 6-5

SECTION II. FUNDAMENTALS OF SHIP POTABLE WATER

6-6. Fundamentals of Ship Potable Water

1. This section provides a brief overview of ship potable water, potable water receipt from shore sources, and production by shipboard potable water systems. The U.S. Navy defines potable water as water that has been treated and confirmed via testing to meet established water quality standards and declared FFHC.

a. FFHC is the term used by the U.S. Navy to indicate the water is safe for drinking, cooking, bathing, showering, dishwashing, and maintaining oral hygiene. Thus, potable water is

FFHC.

b. Potable water to be used in the preparation of food and drinks must ONLY be obtained from cold water faucets. It is never acceptable to use potable water from hot water faucets for food or drink preparation. Water from hot water faucets is not subject to monitoring or surveillance.

2. Potable water for ships must be obtained only from approved water sources and water suppliers that provide potable water of a quality that meets or exceeds the NPDWR (40 CFR 141 and 142) and NSDWR (40 CFR 143) if applicable, specifically for microbial, chemical, physical, and radiological requirements. Great care must be taken in all operations and procedures associated with ship potable water and potable water systems to avoid the introduction of contaminants. Contamination may occur during production, handling, storage, or distribution of ship potable water.

3. Per article 1.9 of reference (j), ships are designed to have desalination production and fresh water storage capacity capable of providing 40 gallons per person, which include ship’s company and all embarked personnel, per day. This capacity does not include non-habitability requirements.

4. Although ship potable water production and treatment is an engineering department responsibility, medical department personnel should understand the systems and processes involved to enable them to provide public health surveillance and make appropriate recommendations.

5. Deficiencies in any of the physical, chemical, or biological parameters of potable water quality (see article 6-7 of this chapter) could present health risks to personnel who consume or are otherwise exposed to the ship’s potable water. In the event of a water quality issue, a public health risk assessment using an operational risk management approach should guide the MDR in advising the CO of the vessel on force health protection courses of action. This risk decision includes a consideration of the crew health risk relevant to the probability and severity risk code associated with a water quality contamination event. The MDR is encouraged to contact the cognizant Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit (NAVENPVNTMEDU) or NAVMCPUBHLTHCEN for public health consultation and advice.

26 Jan 2022 6-6

6. Operational engineering oversight of shipboard water plants during water production, and the inspection and approval of ashore water sources are precautions necessary to protect the ship’s potable water storage and distribution system from contamination to assure a safe water supply.

Many points of possible contamination exist within the ship and may contribute to a waterborne illness or disease outbreak. Therefore, regardless of the source of the water, there must be vigilant surveillance by all crew members to assure adequate protection of the potable water supply from subsequent contamination.

7. Potable water is used aboard ships for services that support decontamination and marine sanitation device (MSD) flushing. Cross-connections between potable water and non-potable water services presents an acute health risk and are not permitted without approved backflow prevention devices.

8. The use of seawater in food services spaces, including sculleries, is prohibited and seawater outlets in these spaces must be removed. The dangers of cross-connections and using polluted overboard water cannot be overemphasized. Cross-connections between the potable water and seawater or other systems in food service spaces are not permitted.

6-7. Water Quality Standards

1. Physical Water Quality. Drinking water should be clear, colorless, and odorless. It should contain no sediment or other suspended matter. Pure water has no taste or odor. Tap water that has been treated has a mild scent and slight taste of the disinfectant used in the potable water system. It may also have other discernable tastes and odors from minerals, sulfur, and treatment compounds that do not affect water quality.

2. Salinity (chloride content)

a. The chloride content of water from a desalination plant should be at or below 0.065 equivalent per million (EPM), 0.25 grains of sea-salt per gallon or less than 2.3 parts per million (ppm) (milligram per liter (mg/L)). Salinity testing is conducted by the engineering department on ship-produced water.

b. If the chloride level of potable water exceeds those of water produced by the desalination plant, or initial levels in potable water obtained from shore sources, contamination of potable water by seawater should be suspected. Appropriate action, including investigation, repair, cleaning, and disinfecting must be initiated immediately.

3. Temperature and pH

a. The optimal pH range for a drinking water distribution system is 6.5 to 8.5.

b. Variations in the temperature and pH of water may affect treatment or disinfection procedures. Halogen disinfectants are more effective at lower pH and warmer temperatures.

Water with pH levels > 8.5 will adversely affect the disinfectant properties of chlorine and bromine.

26 Jan 2022 6-7

c. Testing for pH is routinely performed by engineering department personnel on feed-water. The test may also be used for potable water and is outlined in Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM), chapter 220, volume 2, Boiler Feed Water Test Treatment.

d. Testing for pH may also be accomplished using the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) Chlorine-Bromine pH combination test kit.

4. Microbiological Water Quality. The microbiological water quality standard is zero colonies (or absence of) both total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

5. Halogen Residual (Chlorine, Bromine)

a. Surface ships (and submarines as applicable) must maintain a 0.2 ppm (mg/L) free available chlorine (FAC) or total bromine residual (TBR) in the potable water distribution system following initial treatment. Ships with large distribution systems such as aircraft carriers must maintain at least a detectable level of disinfectant at the most distal points of their distribution systems.

b. Chloramines in lieu of chlorine are used by many municipal water systems because of concerns related to disinfection byproduct water quality compliance. When chloramine is used for shore water source disinfection, the appropriate chlorine test is TC. Ensure TC is from 0.5-

2.0 ppm (mg/L).

c. The maximum allowable chlorine, or TC residual at the point of ingestion is 4.0 ppm (mg/L). Water with high chlorine residual (>2.0 ppm [mg/L]) may be unpalatable for some consumers.

d. The maximum allowable bromine residual at the point of ingestion is 1.0 ppm (mg/L) per

40 CFR 180.519.

6-8. Approved Sources of Ship Potable Water. Potable water may be produced on board, received from approved shore sources (shore to ship or barge to ship), or provided from other U.S. Navy vessels (ship to ship).

1. Shore Installations (Shore to Ship, or Barge to Ship)

a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (State and Territory) approved public water systems delivering water that meets the standards discussed in articles 6-6.2 and 6-7 of this chapter.

(1) All U.S. military installations are required to comply with the SDWA, the NPDWR, and as applicable, the NSDWR to ensure safe, sanitary water that is FFHC is delivered to all water system consumers. By complying applicable Service specific directives, U.S. military installations may be considered approved sources for bunkering shipboard potable water. For additional information about U.S. Navy drinking water programs and requirements for shore installations, refer to references (c) through (f).

26 Jan 2022 6-8

(2) When ships are in port at a shore installation in the United States or its Territories, potable water is provided by the installation through its water system. Potable water may be delivered to ships either directly by hoses connected to the potable water riser on the pier or via a potable water barge or boat as illustrated in Figure 6-8.1.

(3) U.S. Navy approved overseas public water systems. This includes public water systems on overseas installations that the U.S. Navy (or other DoD entity) controls or operates per reference (b) and host nation FGS. Reference (b) is the base document that applies the U.S.

standards, including the SDWA, to overseas installations. The FGS reconcile the requirements of applicable international agreements and host nation environmental standards with reference (b). The FGS often reflect the more protective requirement unless a specific international agreement with the host nation mandates a different standard applicable to installations. Not every overseas DoD port automatically meets U.S. drinking water standards unless the shore installation is part of the Navy ODW Program. Examples of port locations not in the Navy ODW program are as follows:

(a) Gaeta Fleet Landing, Italy

(b) Augusta Bay (North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Pier)), Italy

(c) Marathi Pier (NATO Pier), Crete

(d) Jebel Ali, United Arab Emirates (UAE)

b. Potable water purchased in overseas, non-U.S. Navy port facilities via husbanding contracts, including hauled water must meet the standards discussed in articles 6-6.2 and 6-7 of this chapter and the requirements of the husbanding contract.

Figure 6-8.1. Illustration of Ship Potable Water Supply Chain, showing 1) shore source, 2) transfer and delivery system and 3) ship water production system. (World Health Organization, 2011)

c. Although shore installations in the U.S. and its Territories are considered approved sources for potable water, the ship’s medical department and engineering department personnel should not permit bunkering of potable water from the shore installation to the ship without prior

26 Jan 2022 6-9 verification that the water from the shore installation contains the required disinfectant residual discussed in article 6-7 of this chapter. If the water does not contain adequate disinfectant residual, steps must be taken to protect the ship’s potable water storage and distribution system from contamination (also described in section IV of this chapter) before loading potable water from that source.

d. Per references (i) and (k), as well as the Guide to Ship Sanitation (World Health Organization, 2011), ships must avoid using their onboard water production plants to make water while in port or in harbors. Seawater in ports and harbors should be considered polluted. Source water in harbors or ship navigation lanes is likely to be contaminated by fuel, oil slicks, or other pollutant sources. Biological contaminants are also likely to be present in these waters. If it is necessary, under emergency circumstances, to operate the distilling plant or reverse osmosis (RO) unit while in polluted waters, the procedures provided in article 533-2.4.5 of reference (i) must be strictly followed.

2. Onboard Water Production

a. Water production plants aboard naval ships are designed to make the ship as self-sufficient as possible. Generally, ship water treatment plants are capable of producing potable water which meets water quality standards, provided the treatment and operation procedures set forth in references (i) and (l) (volumes 1 through 3) are followed. Shipboard water production technology is covered in section III of this chapter.

b. Most U.S. Navy combatant ships and submarines are equipped with RO water production plants. Those that do not have RO plants utilize either flash-type steam desalination or electric thermo-compression water production plants. Ships of the Military Sealift Command are equipped with flash-type desalination plants or RO plants, with planned conversion to RO plants during overhaul.

c. Water produced aboard ships must be disinfected prior to being introduced into the potable water storage and distribution system. Presence of a measurable disinfectant residual contributes to ensuring the water is microbiologically safe for the intended use. Disinfection is discussed in section IV of this chapter.

d. Direct chemical additives to potable water systems afloat should be tested and certified by the product manufacturer per National Sanitation Foundation International Standards NSF/ANSI Standard 60: Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals – Health Effects. Likewise, indirect chemical additives which are relevant to potable water system components should be tested and certified by the product manufacturer per NSF/ANSI Standard 61: Drinking Water System Components – Health Effects. Manufacturers should meet other applicable NSF and ANSI potable water public health standards as indicated for point of use applications. To obtain more information about NSF and ANSI standards for drinking water system components and water treatment chemicals, visit the NSF Web site at https://www.nsf.org/testing/water/onsite-wastewater-systems/wastewater-protocols. Figure 6-8.2 shows examples of NSF and ANSI certification marks.

https://www.nsf.org/testing/water/onsite-wastewater-systems/wastewater-protocols https://www.nsf.org/testing/water/onsite-wastewater-systems/wastewater-protocols

26 Jan 2022 6-10

Figure 6-8.2. Examples of NSF/ANSI Certification Marks.

(NSF® is a registered trademark of NSF International, Ann Arbor, Michigan.)

3. Bottled Water. Commercial bottled water supply must be acquired from DoD approved sources as included in the Worldwide Directory of Sanitarily Approved Food Establishments for Armed Forces Procurement (U.S. Army MEDCOM Circular 40-1).

6-9. Sources of Doubtful Quality or Unapproved Sources

1. All water supplied by public or private systems, where the water quality cannot be verified to meet or exceed the standards discussed in article 6-6.2 of this chapter, should be considered of doubtful quality. This may include water purchased in overseas, non-U.S. Navy port facilities.

2. When doubt exists as to the quality of the water, ship personnel (medical and engineering) must investigate the source and examine the water as thoroughly as possible with the means available. They should then advise the CO of the necessary procedures, safeguards, and disinfection. In instances where the ship must receive water of doubtful quality, disinfection will be accomplished per article 6-21 of this chapter.

6-10. Receipt and Transfer of Potable Water

1. When receiving or transferring potable water via approved sources, proper procedures must be followed to prevent contamination.

a. The required disinfectant residual level of the water to be transferred depends on the type of disinfectant utilized in the source water system. For example, some shore water systems may utilize hypochlorite disinfectant, while others may employ chloramines (combined chlorine and ammonia). Water being received from another ship may be disinfected using either hypochlorite or bromine. Prior to receiving water, ensure that it contains the appropriate disinfectant residual level.

(1) For hypochlorite disinfectant, ensure the FAC is at least 0.2 ppm (mg/L).

(2) When chloramine is used for shore water source disinfection, the appropriate chlorine test is TC. Ensure TC is from 0.5-2.0 ppm (mg/L).

(3) If receiving from a ship using bromine to disinfect its water, the TBR should be at least 0.2 ppm (mg/L).

26 Jan 2022 6-11

b. If the transferring water source does not have the minimum required halogen residual (FAC or TBR), the first course of action should be to request that the shore installation Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) public works department (PWD) or transferring ship take action to boost the halogen residual in its water supply. The ship may need to boost the halogen level to achieve 0.2 ppm (mg/L) residual in the distribution system. Higher residual levels may be required at the potable water tank in order to maintain a 0.2 ppm (mg/L) residual at a service tap due to halogen demand.

c. When a shore installation uses chloramine, which is widely used by CONUS municipal water systems for disinfection, ship personnel (medical or engineering) should test the pier water source to confirm at least 0.5 ppm (mg/L) TC residual is present at the pier riser. If the TC residual level is < 0.5 ppm (mg/L) then ship personnel should notify port services who in turn should forward a report to the installation NAVFAC PWD. Boosting halogen residual aboard ship when water supply is from an approved U.S. shore water source containing chloramine is not recommended. Adding chlorine or bromine to water containing chloramine disinfectant can cause a loss of residual (FAC or TBR) and taste and odor problems. Instead, recommended shore PWD take action to boost the TC residual for the shore water supply.

d. When potable water from the transferring source contains at least the minimum required halogen residual, no further treatment is required, and the water may be consumed immediately.

e. Measurement of the halogen residual must be conducted with an approved water test kit for the specific disinfectant being used and must follow the manufacturer’s directions using the proper supplies and test procedures. Manufacturer’s testing instructions and materials for testing for FAC or TC are generally different methods which require different consumable materials.

2. Potable water connections between shore and ships must be made by authorized and trained personnel. The individual making the potable water hose connections must ensure hoses are not connected to a non-potable water system. Engineering will notify the MDR prior to making potable water hose connections. The MDR will determine if the correct disinfectant residual (FAC or TC) is present in the source water and if it is not, he or she will notify the engineering department representative. An entry in the potable water log or approved electronic medical database will be made.

3. Potable water hoses must not be submerged in harbor waters.

6-11. Connection and Transfer Procedures. Table 6-11.1 provides guidelines for connection procedures covering shore-to-ship and ship-to-ship transfer of potable water. Modification of these procedures may be necessary or required due to ship configuration or operating conditions.

The table is to be read top-down, not left-right.

26 Jan 2022 6-12

Table 6-11.1. Potable Water Transfer Procedures for Shore-to-Ship and Ship-to-Ship*

Shore-to-Ship Ship-to-Ship

Remove shore cap and flush pier side potable water outlet for 15-30 seconds. Immerse outlet and rinse fitting in solution containing 100-ppm FAC for at least 2 minutes. Flush water to waste for 15-30 seconds.

Both ships disinfect their respective potable water riser connections. The leading potable water hose must have the hose cap in place during the high-line procedure.

Deliver a clean disinfected potable water hose to the outlet just before the connection is made (potable water hoses should be provided by the shore facility). Remove hose caps or uncouple hose ends and disinfect if not previously disinfected. Connect hose to pier side outlet and flush.

When the receiving ship secures the potable water hose, the cap is removed and the hose coupling is disinfected.

Disinfect shipboard riser connections with 100-ppm FAC solution. Connect hose to the potable water shipboard riser and deliver potable water. Other FDA listed food contact surface disinfectants such as iodine may be used if approved by the MDR.

The supplying ship connects its end and flushes the hose.

When the transfer is completed, secure the shore water source; remove the ship connection, then the shore connection. Thoroughly flush the potable water outlet and recap.

When the transfer is completed, the receiving ship removes the potable water hose and replaces the caps on the receiving connection and the potable water hose.

Drain the potable water hose thoroughly and properly store in the potable water hose storage locker.

The supplying ship then retrieves, couples or caps, and properly stores the potable water hose.

* Table should be read in columns; top to bottom, not left to right.

26 Jan 2022 6-13

SECTION III. PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND DISTRIBUTION

6-12. Potable Water Production

1. Current Navy ships and submarines are equipped with the capability of producing large quantities of very high-quality fresh water on a continual basis to satisfy a variety of requirements and demands. Technological advances in desalination methods, water treatment and disinfection, and materials used in water system components will continue to evolve and improve the systems, processes, and quality of water produced on Navy ships. Paragraph 2 of this section is a brief description of shipboard water production capabilities in use as of the date of this writing. Shipboard medical personnel responsible for medical surveillance of potable water are encouraged to engage with engineering department personnel, and applicable technical manuals and ship specific procedures, for more information about ship potable water production and distribution systems.

2. Types of Shipboard Water Production Plants

a. Ship potable water systems are designed and constructed per the general guidance of reference (i), MIL-STD-777, MIL-STD-438, and ship specific builder specifications.

b. Desalination plants. There are three general types of desalination plants installed on naval vessels. The majority of the water produced by these desalination plants is used for habitability purposes.