Electrical_IDIQ_General_Specifications_(2014).pdf

GENERAL ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR

ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

INDEFINITE DELIVERY, INDEFINITE QUANTITY (IDIQ) CONTRACT

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY ROME RESEARCH SITE

PROJECT NUMBER: ULDF14-0351 DATED: 27 JAN 2015

ROME RESEARCH SITE ELECTRICAL IDIQ SPECIFICATIONS

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS (UFGS)

INDEX

DIVISION 26 ELECTRICAL

26 05 00.00 20 BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

26 05 0000 40 COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR ELECTRICAL

26 05 19.00 10 INSULATED WIRE AND CABLE

26 05 71.00 40 LOW VOLTAGE OERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICES

26 09 23.00 40 LIGHTING CONTROL DEVICES

26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

26 23 00 SWITCH BOARDS AND SWITCH GEAR

26 24 16.00 40 PANEL BOARDS

26 28 21.00 40 AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES

26 29 01.00 10 ELECTRICAL MOTORS, 3-PHASE VERTICAL INDUCTION TYPE

26 29 02.00 10 ELECTRICAL MOTORS, 3-PHASE VERTICAL SYNCRONOUS TYPE

26 29 23 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE SYSTEMS UNDER 600 VOLTS

26 32 14.00 10 DIESEL GENERATOR SET, STATIONARY 15-300 KW, STANDBY APPLICATIONS

26 35 46.00 20 RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFACE POWERLINE FILTERS

26 41 01.00 10 LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS

26 51 00.00 40 INTERIOR LIGHTING

26 52 00.00 40 EMERGENCY LIGHTING

26 53 00.00 40 EXIT SIGNS

26 56 00 EXTERIOR LIGHTING

DIVISION 26

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 26 - ELECTRICAL

SECTION 26 00 00.00 20

BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

07/06

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.5 ADDITIONAL SUBMITTALS INFORMATION

1.5.1 Shop Drawings (SD-02)

1.5.2 Product Data (SD-03)

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.6.1 Regulatory Requirements

1.6.2 Standard Products

1.6.2.1 Alternative Qualifications

1.6.2.2 Material and Equipment Manufacturing Date

1.7 WARRANTY

1.8 POSTED OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

1.9 MANUFACTURER'S NAMEPLATE

1.10 FIELD FABRICATED NAMEPLATES

1.11 WARNING SIGNS

1.12 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.13 INSTRUCTION TO GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 FACTORY APPLIED FINISH

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 FIELD APPLIED PAINTING

3.2 FIELD FABRICATED NAMEPLATE MOUNTING

3.3 WARNING SIGN MOUNTING

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 26 00 00.00 20

BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

07/06

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM D709 (2001; R 2007) Laminated Thermosetting Materials

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE) IEEE 100

(2000; Archived) The Authoritative Dictionary of

IEEE Standards Terms

IEEE C2 (2012) National Electrical Safety Code

IEEE C57.12.28 (2005; INT 3 2011) Standard for Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity

IEEE C57.12.29 (2005) Standard for Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity for Coastal Environments

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)

NEMA 250 (2008) Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 70 (2011; TIA 11-1; Errata 2011; TIA 11-2; TIA 11-3; TIA 11-

4) National Electrical Code

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

This section applies to certain sections of Division 02, EXISTING CONDITIONS, Division 11, EQUIPMENT, Division 13, SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, Division 14, CONVEYING EQUIPMENT and Divisions 22 and 23, PLUMBING and HEATING VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING. This section applies to all sections of Division 26 and 33, ELECTRICAL and UTILITIES, of this project specification unless specified otherwise in the individual sections. This section has been incorporated into, and thus, does not apply to, and is not referenced in the following sections.

Section 26 12 19.10 THREE-PHASE PAD MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS Section 26 12 19.20 SINGLE-PHASE PAD MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS Section 26 11 16 SECONDARY UNIT SUBSTATIONS Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Section 26 23 00 SWITCHBOARDS AND SWITCHGEAR Section 26 51 00 INTERIOR LIGHTING Section 26 56 00 EXTERIOR LIGHTING Section 27 10 00 BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING SYSTEM

Section 33 71 02.00 20 UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION Section 33 82 00 TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE PLANT (OSP)

1.3 DEFINITIONS

a. Unless otherwise specified or indicated, electrical and electronics terms used in these specifications, and on the drawings, shall be as defined in IEEE 100.

b. The technical sections referred to herein are those specification sections that describe products, installation procedures, and equipment operations and that refer to this section for detailed description of submittal types.

c. The technical paragraphs referred to herein are those paragraphs in PART 2 - PRODUCTS and PART 3

- EXECUTION of the technical sections that describe products, systems, installation procedures, equipment, and test methods.

1.4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Electrical characteristics for this project shall be as indicated on drawing.

1.5 ADDITIONAL SUBMITTALS INFORMATION

Submittals required in other sections that refer to this section must conform to the following additional requirements as applicable.

1.5.1 Shop Drawings (SD-02)

Include wiring diagrams and installation details of equipment indicating proposed location, layout and arrangement, control panels, accessories, piping, ductwork, and other items that must be shown to ensure a coordinated installation. Wiring diagrams shall identify circuit terminals and indicate the internal wiring for each item of equipment and the interconnection between each item of equipment. Drawings shall indicate adequate clearance for operation, maintenance, and replacement of operating equipment devices.

1.5.2 Product Data (SD-03)

Submittal shall include performance and characteristic curves.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.6.1 Regulatory Requirements

In each of the publications referred to herein, consider the advisory provisions to be mandatory, as though the word, "shall" had been substituted for "should" wherever it appears. Interpret references in these publications to the "authority having jurisdiction," or words of similar meaning, to mean the Contracting Officer. Equipment, materials, installation, and workmanship shall be in accordance with the mandatory and advisory provisions of NFPA 70 unless more stringent requirements are specified or indicated.

1.6.2 Standard Products

Provide materials and equipment that are products of manufacturers regularly engaged in the production of such products which are of equal material, design and workmanship. Products shall have been in satisfactory commercial or industrial use for 2 years prior to bid opening. The 2-year period shall include applications of equipment and materials under similar circumstances and of similar size. The product shall have been on sale on the commercial market through advertisements, manufacturers' catalogs, or brochures during the 2-year period.

Where two or more items of the same class of equipment are required, these items shall be products of a single manufacturer; however, the component parts of the item need not be the products of the same manufacturer unless stated in the technical section.

1.6.2.1 Alternative Qualifications

Products having less than a 2-year field service record will be acceptable if a certified record of satisfactory field operation for not less than 6000 hours, exclusive of the manufacturers' factory or laboratory tests, is furnished.

1.6.2.2 Material and Equipment Manufacturing Date

Products manufactured more than 3 years prior to date of delivery to site shall not be used, unless specified otherwise.

1.7 WARRANTY

The equipment items shall be supported by service organizations which are reasonably convenient to the equipment installation in order to render satisfactory service to the equipment on a regular and emergency basis during the warranty period of the contract.

1.8 POSTED OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Provide for each system and principal item of equipment as specified in the technical sections for use by operation and maintenance personnel. The operating instructions shall include the following:

a. Wiring diagrams, control diagrams, and control sequence for each principal system and item of equipment.

b. Start up, proper adjustment, operating, lubrication, and shutdown procedures.

c. Safety precautions.

d. The procedure in the event of equipment failure.

e. Other items of instruction as recommended by the manufacturer of each system or item of equipment.

Print or engrave operating instructions and frame under glass or in approved laminated plastic. Post instructions where directed. For operating instructions exposed to the weather, provide weather-resistant materials or weatherproof enclosures. Operating instructions shall not fade when exposed to sunlight and shall be secured to prevent easy removal or peeling.

1.9 MANUFACTURER'S NAMEPLATE

Each item of equipment shall have a nameplate bearing the manufacturer's name, address, model number, and serial number securely affixed in a conspicuous place; the nameplate of the distributing agent will not be acceptable.

1.10 FIELD FABRICATED NAMEPLATES

ASTM D709. Provide laminated plastic nameplates for each equipment enclosure, relay, switch, and device; as specified in the technical sections or as indicated on the drawings. Each nameplate inscription shall identify the function and, when applicable, the position. Nameplates shall be melamine plastic, 0.125 inch thick, white with black center core. Surface shall be matte finish. Corners shall be square. Accurately align lettering and engrave into the core. Minimum size of nameplates shall be one by 2.5 inches. Lettering shall be a minimum of 0.25 inch high normal block style.

1.11 WARNING SIGNS

Provide warning signs for the enclosures of electrical equipment including substations, pad-mounted transformers, pad-mounted switches, generators, and switchgear having a nominal rating exceeding 600 volts.

a. When the enclosure integrity of such equipment is specified to be in accordance with IEEE C57.12.28 or

IEEE C57.12.29, such as for pad-mounted transformers[ and pad-mounted SF6 switches], provide self-adhesive warning signs on the outside of the high voltage compartment door(s). Sign shall be a decal and shall have nominal dimensions of 7 by 10 inches with the legend "DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE" printed in two lines of nominal 2 inch high letters. The word "DANGER" shall be in white letters on a red background and the words "HIGH VOLTAGE" shall be in black letters on a white background. Decal shall be Panduit No. PPSO710D72 or approved equal.

b. When such equipment is guarded by a fence, mount signs on the fence. Provide metal signs having nominal dimensions of 14 by 10 inches with the legend "DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE KEEP OUT" printed in three lines of nominal 3 inch high white letters on a red and black field.

1.12 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

Electrical installations shall conform to IEEE C2, NFPA 70, and requirements specified herein.

1.13 INSTRUCTION TO GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL

Where specified in the technical sections, furnish the services of competent instructors to give full instruction to designated Government personnel in the adjustment, operation, and maintenance of the specified systems and equipment, including pertinent safety requirements as required. Instructors shall be thoroughly familiar with all parts of the installation and shall be trained in operating theory as well as practical operation and maintenance work.

Instruction shall be given during the first regular work week after the equipment or system has been accepted and turned over to the Government for regular operation. The number of man-days (8 hours per day) of instruction furnished shall be as specified in the individual section. [When more than 4 man-days of instruction are specified, use approximately half of the time for classroom instruction. Use other time for instruction with equipment or system.

When significant changes or modifications in the equipment or system are made under the terms of the contract, provide additional instructions to acquaint the operating personnel with the changes or modifications.]

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 FACTORY APPLIED FINISH

Electrical equipment shall have factory-applied painting systems which shall, as a minimum, meet the requirements of NEMA 250 corrosion-resistance test and the additional requirements specified in the technical sections.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 FIELD APPLIED PAINTING

Paint electrical equipment as required to match finish of adjacent surfaces or to meet the indicated or specified safety criteria. Painting shall be as specified in [Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS] [the section specifying the associated electrical equipment].

3.2 FIELD FABRICATED NAMEPLATE MOUNTING

Provide number, location, and letter designation of nameplates as indicated. Fasten nameplates to the device with a minimum of two sheet-metal screws or two rivets.

3.3 WARNING SIGN MOUNTING

Provide the number of signs required to be readable from each accessible side, but space the signs a maximum of 30 feet apart.

-- End of Section --

SECTION 26 05 00.00 40

COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR ELECTRICAL

11/10

1.2 DEFINITIONS

1.3 SUBMITTALS

1.4 PREDICTIVE TESTING AND INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS

1.5 PREVENTION OF CORROSION

1.6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.7 POSTED OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

1.8 MANUFACTURER'S NAMEPLATE

1.9 FIELD FABRICATED NAMEPLATES

1.10 WARNING SIGNS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

2.1.1 Rigid Steel Conduit

2.1.2 Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)

2.1.3 Flexible Metallic Conduit

2.1.4 Intermediate Metal Conduit

2.1.5 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit

2.1.6 Wireways and Auxiliary Gutters

2.1.7 Surface Raceways and Assemblies

2.1.8 Cable Trays

2.2 WIRE AND CABLE

2.3 SPLICES AND CONNECTORS

2.4 SWITCHES

2.4.1 Safety Switches

2.4.2 Toggle Switches

2.5 RECEPTACLES

2.6 OUTLETS, OUTLET BOXES, AND PULL BOXES

2.7 PANELBOARDS

2.8 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

2.9 LAMPS AND LIGHTING FIXTURES

2.10 DRY-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

3.1 CONDUITS, RACEWAYS AND FITTINGS

3.1.1 Rigid Steel Conduit

3.1.2 Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)

3.1.3 Flexible Metallic Conduit

3.1.4 Intermediate Conduit

3.1.5 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit

3.1.6 Wireway and Auxiliary Gutter

3.1.7 Surface Raceways and Assemblies

3.1.8 Cable Trays

3.2 WIRING

3.3 SAFETY SWITCHES

3.4 WIRING DEVICES

3.4.1 Wall Switches and Receptacles

3.4.2 Device Plates

3.5 BOXES AND FITTINGS

3.6 LAMPS AND LIGHTING FIXTURES

3.7 PANELBOARDS

3.8 DRY-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

3.9 IDENTIFICATION PLATES AND WARNINGS

3.10 PAINTING

3.11 FIELD TESTING

SECTION 26 05 00.00 40

COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR ELECTRICAL

11/10

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM D709 (2001; R 2007) Laminated Thermosetting Materials

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE (EIA)

EIA 480 (1981) Toggle Switches

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)

IEEE C57.12.28 (2005; INT 3 2011) Standard for Pad-Mounted Equipment -

Enclosure Integrity

IEEE C57.12.29 (2005) Standard for Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity for Coastal Environments

IEEE Stds Dictionary (2009) IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions

INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL (ICC)

ICC/ANSI A117.1 (2009) Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA)

RCBEA GUIDE (2004) NASA Reliability Centered Building and Equipment Acceptance Guide

ANSI Z535.1 (2006; R 2011) American National Standard for Safety--Color

Code

ANSI/NEMA FB 1 (2007; AMD 2010) Standard for Fittings, Cast Metal Boxes, and Conduit Bodies for Conduit, Electrical Metallic Tubing, and Cable

ANSI/NEMA OS 1 (2008; Amd 2010) Sheet-Steel Outlet Boxes, Device Boxes, Covers, and Box Supports

ANSI/NEMA OS 2 (2008; AMD 2010) Nonmetallic Outlet Boxes, Device Boxes, Covers, and Box Supports

NEMA KS 1 (2001; R 2006) Enclosed and Miscellaneous Distribution Equipment Switches (600 V Maximum)

NEMA PB 1 (2006; Errata 2008) Panelboards

NEMA RN 1 (2005) Polyvinyl-Chloride (PVC) Externally Coated Galvanized

Rigid Steel Conduit and Intermediate Metal Conduit

NEMA TC 2 (2003) Standard for Electrical Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Conduit

NEMA TC 3 (2004) Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Fittings for Use With Rigid PVC Conduit and Tubing

NEMA VE 1 (2009) Standard for Metal Cable Tray Systems

NEMA WD 1 (1999; R 2005; R 2010) Standard for General Color Requirements for

Wiring Devices

NEMA WD 6 (2002; R 2008) Wiring Devices Dimensions Specifications

NFPA 70 (2011; TIA 11-1; Errata 2011; TIA 11-2; TIA 11-3; TIA 11-4) National Electrical Code

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

UL 1 (2005; Reprint Jul 2007) Standard for Flexible Metal Conduit

UL 1242 (2006; Reprint Jul 2007) Standard for Electrical Intermediate Metal Conduit -- Steel

UL 489 (2009; Reprint Jun 2011) Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case Switches, and Circuit-Breaker Enclosures

UL 506 (2008; Reprint Mar 2010) Specialty Transformers

UL 6 (2007; reprint Nov 2010) Electrical Rigid Metal Conduit-Steel

UL 797 (2007) Electrical Metallic Tubing -- Steel

UL 870 (2008) Standard for Wireways, Auxiliary Gutters, and Associated Fittings

1.2 DEFINITIONS

a. Unless otherwise specified or indicated, electrical and electronics terms used in these specifications, and on the drawings, shall be as defined in IEEE Stds Dictionary.

b. The technical sections referred to herein are those specification sections that describe products, installation procedures, and equipment operations and that refer to this section for detailed description of submittal types.

c. Vertical assembly: A vertical assembly is a pole, tower or other such support, mounting hardware, arms, brackets and the load. Load can be a luminaire, siren, loudspeaker or other device. All components of a vertical assembly will be rated by the manufacturer to withstand 135 mph wind loading.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00

SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Submit Material, Equipment, and Fixture Lists for the following: Conduits, Raceway sand Fittings

Wire and Cable

Splices and Connectors

Switches

Receptacles

Outlets, Outlet Boxes, and Pull Boxes

Circuit Breakers

Panelboards

Lamps and Lighting Fixtures

Dry-Type Distribution Transformers

SD-03 Product Data

Submit manufacturer's catalog data for the following items: Conduits, Raceway sand

Fittings

Wire and Cable

Splices and Connectors

Switches

Receptacles

Outlets, Outlet Boxes, and Pull Boxes

Circuit Breakers

Panelboards

Lamps and Lighting Fixtures

Dry-Type Distribution Transformers

Spare Parts

Certification

SD-06 Test Reports

Continuity Test

Phase-Rotation Tests

Insulation Resistance Test

SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions Submit

Manufacturer's Instructions.

1.4 PREVENTION OF CORROSION

Protect metallic materials against corrosion. Provide equipment enclosures with the standard finish by the manufacturer when used for most indoor installations. For harsh indoor environments (any area subjected to chemical and/or abrasive action), and all outdoor installations, refer to Section 09 96 00 HIGH-PERFORMANCE COATINGS. Do not use aluminum when in contact with earth or concrete and, where connected to dissimilar metal, protect by approved fittings and treatment. Ferrous metals such as, but not limited to, anchors, bolts, braces, boxes, bodies, clamps, fittings, guards, nuts, pins, rods, shims, thimbles, washers, and miscellaneous spare parts not of corrosion-resistant steel shall be hot-dip galvanized except where other equivalent protective treatment is specifically approved in writing.

1.5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Submit material, equipment, and fixture lists for the following items showing manufacturer's style or catalog numbers, specification and drawing reference numbers, warranty information, and fabrication site.

Submit manufacturer's instructions including special provisions required to install equipment components and system packages. Special notices shall detail impedances, hazards and safety precautions.

Submit certification required to install equipment components and system packages.

1.6 POSTED OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Provide for each system and principal item of equipment as specified in the technical sections for use by operation and maintenance personnel. The operating instructions shall include the following:

a. Wiring diagrams, control diagrams, and control sequence for each principal system and item of equipment.

b. Start up, proper adjustment, operating, lubrication, and shutdown procedures.

c. Safety precautions.

d. The procedure in the event of equipment failure.

e. Other items of instruction as recommended by the manufacturer of each system or item of equipment.

Print or engrave operating instructions and frame under glass or in approved laminated plastic. Post instructions where directed. For operating instructions exposed to the weather, provide weather-resistant materials or weatherproof enclosures. Operating instructions shall not fade when exposed to sunlight and be secured to prevent easy removal or peeling.

1.7 MANUFACTURER'S NAMEPLATE

Each item of equipment shall have a nameplate bearing the manufacturer's name, address, model number, and serial number securely affixed in a conspicuous place; the nameplate of the distributing agent will not be acceptable.

1.8 FIELD FABRICATED NAMEPLATES

ASTM D709. Provide laminated plastic nameplates for each equipment enclosure, relay, switch, and device; as specified in the technical sections or as indicated on the drawings. Each nameplate inscription shall identify the function and, when applicable, the position. Nameplates shall be melamine plastic, 0.125 inch thick, white with black center core. Surface shall be matte finish. Corners shall be square. Accurately align lettering and engrave into the core. Minimum size of nameplates shall be one by 2.5 inches. Lettering shall be a minimum of 0.25 inch high normal block style.

1.9 WARNING SIGNS

Provide warning signs for the enclosures of electrical equipment including substations, pad-mounted transformers, pad-mounted switches, generators, and switchgear having a nominal rating exceeding 600 volts.

a. When the enclosure integrity of such equipment is specified to be in accordance with IEEE C57.12.28 or

IEEE C57.12.29, such as for pad-mounted transformers and pad-mounted SF6 switches, provide self-adhesive warning signs on the outside of the high voltage compartment door(s). Sign shall be a decal and have nominal dimensions of 7 by 10 inches with the legend "DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE" printed in two lines of nominal 2 inch high letters. The word "DANGER" shall be in white letters on a red background and the words "HIGH VOLTAGE" shall be in black letters on a white background. Decal shall be Panduit No. PPSO710D72 or approved equal.

b. When such equipment is guarded by a fence, mount signs on the fence. Provide metal signs having nominal dimensions of 14 by 10 inches with the legend "DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE KEEP OUT" printed in three lines of nominal 3 inch high white letters on a red and black field.

2.1 MATERIALS

Materials and equipment to be provided shall be the standard cataloged products of manufacturers regularly engaged in the manufacture of the products.

2.1.1 Rigid Steel Conduit

Rigid steel conduit shall comply with UL 6 and be galvanized by the hot-dip process. Rigid steel conduit shall be polyvinylchloride (PVC) coated in accordance with NEMA RN 1, where underground and in corrosive areas, or must be painted with bitumastic.

Fittings for rigid steel conduit shall be threaded.

Gaskets shall be solid. Conduit fittings with blank covers shall have gaskets, except in clean, dry areas or at the lowest point of a conduit run where drainage is required.

Covers shall have captive screws and be accessible after the work has been completed.

2.1.2 Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)

EMT shall be in accordance with UL 797 and be zinc coated steel. Couplings and connectors shall be zinc-coated, raintight, gland compression with insulation throat. Crimp, spring, or setscrew type fittings are not acceptable.

2.1.3 Flexible Metallic Conduit Flexible metallic conduit shall comply with UL 1 and be galvanized steel.

Fittings for flexible metallic conduit shall be specifically designed for such conduit.

Provide liquidtight flexible metallic conduit with a protective jacket of PVC extruded over a flexible interlocked galvanized steel core to protect wiring against moisture, oil, chemicals, and corrosive fumes.

Specifically design fittings for liquidtight flexible metallic conduit for such conduit.

2.1.4 Intermediate Metal Conduit

Intermediate metal conduit shall comply with UL 1242 and be galvanized.

2.1.5 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit

Rigid nonmetallic conduit shall comply with NEMA TC 2 and NEMA TC 3 with wall thickness not less than Schedule 40.

2.1.6 Wireways and Auxiliary Gutters

Wireway and auxiliary gutters shall be a minimum 4- by 4 inch trade size conforming to UL 870.

2.1.7 Surface Raceways and Assemblies

Surface metal raceways and multi-outlet assemblies shall conform to NFPA 70. Receptacles shall conform to NEMA WD 1, Type 5-20R.

2.1.8 Cable Trays

Provide ladder type cable trays conforming to NEMA VE 1.

2.2 WIRE AND CABLE

Conductors installed in conduit shall be copper 600-volt type THHN. All conductors AWG No. 8 and larger, shall be stranded. All conductors smaller than AWG No. 8 shall be stranded.

Flexible cable shall be Type SO and contain a grounding conductor with green insulation.

Conductors installed in plenums shall be marked plenum rated.

2.3 SPLICES AND CONNECTORS

Make all splices in AWG No. 8 and smaller with approved [insulated electrical type] [indentor crimp-type connectors and compression tools].

Make all splices in AWG No. 6 and larger with [indentor crimp-type connectors and compression tools] [bolted clamp-type connectors]. Joints shall be wrapped with an insulating tape that has an insulation and temperature rating equivalent to that of the conductor.

2.4 SWITCHES

2.4.1 Safety Switches

Safety switches shall comply with NEMA KS 1, and be the heavy-duty type with enclosure, voltage, current rating, number of poles, and fusing as indicated. Switch construction shall be such that, when the switch handle is in the "ON" position, the cover or door cannot be opened. Cover release device shall be coinproof and be so constructed that an external tool shall be used to open the cover. Make provisions to lock the handle in the "OFF" position, but the switch shall not be capable of being locked in the "ON" position.

Provide switches of the quick-make, quick-break type. Approve terminal lugs for use with copper conductors.

Safety color coding for identification of safety switches shall conform to ANSI Z535.1.

2.4.2 Toggle Switches

Toggle switches shall comply with EIA 480, control incandescent, mercury, and fluorescent lighting fixtures and be of the heavy duty, general purpose, noninterchangeable flush-type.

Toggle switches shall be commercial grade toggle type devices rated 20 amperes at 277 volts, 60 hertz alternating current (ac) only.

All toggle switches shall be products of the same manufacturer.

2.5 RECEPTACLES

Receptacles shall be commercial grade, 20A, 125 VAC, 2-pole, 3-wire duplex conforming to NEMA WD 6, NEMA 5-20R.

2.6 OUTLETS, OUTLET BOXES, AND PULL BOXES

Outlet boxes for use with conduit systems shall be in accordance with ANSI/NEMA FB 1 and be not less than 1-1/2 inches deep. Furnish all pull and junction boxes with screw-fastened covers.

2.7 PANELBOARDS

Lighting and appliance branch circuit panelboards shall be the circuit-breaker type in accordance with NEMA PB 1.

Bolt circuit breakers to the bus. Plug-in circuit breakers are not acceptable. Buses shall be copper of the rating indicated, with main lugs or main circuit breaker as indicated. Provide all panelboards for use on grounded ac systems with a full-capacity isolated neutral bus and a separate grounding bus bonded to the panelboard enclosure. Panelboard enclosures shall be NEMA 250, Type 1, in accordance with NEMA PB 1. Provide enclosure fronts with latchable hinged doors.

2.8 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Circuit-breaker interrupting rating shall be not less than those indicated and in no event less than 20 amperes root-mean-square (rms) symmetrical at [208] volts, respectively. Multipole circuit breakers shall be the common-trip type with a single handle. Molded case circuit breakers shall be bolt-on type conforming to UL 489.

2.9 LAMPS AND LIGHTING FIXTURES

Manufacturers and catalog numbers shown are indicative of the general type desired and are not intended to restrict the selection to fixtures of any particular manufacturer. Fixtures with the same salient features and equivalent light distribution and brightness characteristics, of equal finish and quality, are acceptable. Provide lamps of the proper type and wattage for each fixture.

Ballasts shall be high power factor and be energy efficient. Ballasts shall have a Class P terminal protective device for 277-volt operation as indicated and be rapid-start fluorescent. Ballasts shall be "A" sound rated. Fluorescent lamps shall be standard reduced wattage type.

High intensity discharge (HID) lighting fixtures shall have prewired integral ballasts and cast aluminum housings complete with tempered glass lenses suitable for installation in damp or wet locations. Provide fixtures and lamps.

2.10 DRY-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

General purpose dry-type transformers with windings 600 volts or less shall be two-winding, 60 hertz, self-cooled in accordance with UL 506. Windings shall have a minimum of two 2-1/2-percent taps above and below nominal voltage.

3.1 CONDUITS, RACEWAYS AND FITTINGS

Conduit runs between outlet and outlet, between fitting and fitting, or between outlet and fitting shall not contain more than the equivalent of three 90-degree bends, including those bends located immediately at the outlet or fitting.

Do not install crushed or deformed conduit. Avoid trapped conduit runs where possible. Take care to prevent the lodgment of foreign material in the conduit, boxes, fittings, and equipment during the course of construction. Clear any clogged conduit of obstructions or be replaced.

Conduit and raceway runs concealed in or behind walls, above ceilings, or exposed on walls and ceilings 5 feet or more above finished floors and not subject to mechanical damage may be electrical metallic tubing (EMT).

3.1.1 Rigid Steel Conduit

Make field-made bends and offsets with approved hickey or conduit bending machine. Conduit elbows larger than 2-1/2 inches shall be long radius.

Provide all conduit stubbed-up through concrete floors for connections to free-standing equipment with the exception of motor-control centers, cubicles, and other such items of equipment, with a flush coupling when the floor slab is of sufficient thickness. Otherwise, provide a floor box set flush with the finished floor. Conduits installed for future use shall be terminated with a coupling and plug set flush with the floor.

3.1.2 Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)

EMT shall be grounded in accordance with NFPA 70, using pressure grounding connectors especially designed for EMT.

3.1.3 Flexible Metallic Conduit

Use flexible metallic conduit to connect recessed fixtures from outlet boxes in ceilings, transformers, and other approved assemblies.

Bonding wires shall be used in flexible conduit as specified in NFPA 70, for all circuits. Flexible conduit shall not be considered a ground conductor.

Electrical connections to vibration-isolated equipment shall be made with flexible metallic conduit.

Liquidtight flexible metallic conduit shall be used in wet and oily locations and to complete the connection to motor-driven equipment.

3.1.4 Intermediate Conduit

Make all field-made bends and offsets with approved hickey or conduit bending machine. Use intermediate metal conduit only for indoor installations.

3.1.5 Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit

Rigid PVC conduit shall be direct buried.

A green insulated copper grounding conductor shall be in conduit with conductors and be solidly connected to ground at each end. Grounding wires shall be sized in accordance with NFPA 70.

3.1.6 Wireway and Auxiliary Gutter

Straight sections and fittings shall be bolted together to provide a rigid, mechanical connection and electrical continuity. Dead ends of wireways and auxiliary gutters shall be closed. Plug all unused conduit openings.

Wireways for overhead distribution and control circuits shall be supported at maximum 5-foot intervals.

Auxiliary gutters used to supplement wiring spaces for equipment not contained in a single enclosure shall contain no switches, overcurrent devices, appliances, or apparatus and be not more than 30 feet long.

3.1.7 Surface Raceways and Assemblies

Surface raceways shall be mounted plumb and level, with the base and cover secured. Minimum circuit run shall be three-wire with one wire designated as ground.

3.1.8 Cable Trays

Support cable trays from ceiling hangers, equipment bays, or floor or wall supports. Cable trays may be mounted on equipment racks. Provide support when the free end extends beyond 3 feet. Maximum support spacing shall be 6 feet. Trays 10-inches wide or less shall be supported by one hanger. Trays greater than 10-inches wide shall be supported by two hangers. Bond cable trays at splices.

3.2 WIRING

Splice in accordance with the NFPA 70. Provide conductor identification within each enclosure where a tap, splice, or termination is made and at the equipment terminal of each conductor. Terminal and conductor identification shall match as indicated.

Where several feeders pass through a common pullbox, the feeders shall be tagged to clearly indicate the electrical characteristics, circuit number, and panel designation.

3.3 SAFETY SWITCHES

Securely fasten switches to the supporting structure or wall, utilizing a minimum of four 1/4 inch bolts. Do not use sheet metal screws and small machine screws for mounting. Do not mount switches in an inaccessible location or where the passageway to the switch may become obstructed. Mounting height shall be 5 above floor level, when possible.

3.4 WIRING DEVICES

3.4.1 Wall Switches and Receptacles

Install wall switches and receptacles so that when device plates are applied, the plates will be aligned vertically to within 1/16 inch.

Ground terminal of each flush-mounted receptacle shall be bonded to the outlet box with an approved green bonding jumper when used with dry wall type construction.

3.4.2 Device Plates

Device plates for switches that are not within sight of the loads controlled shall be suitably engraved with a description of the loads.

Device plates and receptacle cover plates for receptacles other than 125-volt, single-phase, duplex, convenience outlets shall be suitably marked, showing the circuit number, voltage, frequency, phasing, and amperage available at the receptacle. Required marking shall consist of a self-adhesive label having 1/4 inch embossed letters.

Device plates for convenience outlets shall be similarly marked indicating the supply panel and circuit number.

3.5 BOXES AND FITTINGS

Furnish and install pullboxes where necessary in the conduit system to facilitate conductor installation.Conduit runs longer than 100 feet or with more than three right-angle bends shall have a pullbox installed at a convenient intermediate location.

Securely mount boxes and enclosures to the building structure with supporting facilities independent of the conduit entering or leaving the boxes.

Mounting height of wall-mounted outlet and switch boxes, measured between the bottom of the box and the finished floor, shall be in accordance with ICC/ANSI A117.1 and as follows:

LOCATION

Receptacles in offices

MOUNTING HEIGHT

18 inches

Receptacles in corridors 18 inches

LOCATION

MOUNTING HEIGHT

Receptacles in shops and laboratories 48 inches

Receptacles in rest rooms 48 inches

3.6

Switches for light control

LAMPS AND LIGHTING FIXTURES

48 inches

Install new lamps of the proper type and wattage in each fixture. Securely fasten fixtures and supports to structural members and install parallel and perpendicular to major axes of structures.

3.7 PANELBOARDS

Securely mount panelboards so that the top operating handle does not exceed 72-inches above the finished floor.

Do not mount equipment within 36 inches of the front of the panel. Directory card information shall be complete and legible.

3.8 DRY-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

Connect dry-type transformers with flexible metallic conduit.

3.9 IDENTIFICATION PLATES AND WARNINGS

Furnish and install identification plates for lighting and power panelboards, motor control centers, all line voltage heating and ventilating control panels, fire detector and sprinkler alarms, door bells, pilot lights, disconnect switches, manual starting switches, and magnetic starters. Process control devices and pilot lights shall have identification plates.

Furnish identification plates for all line voltage enclosed circuit breakers, identifying the equipment served, voltage, phase(s) and power source. Circuits 480 volts and above shall have conspicuously located warning signs in accordance with OSHA requirements.

3.10 PAINTING

Exposed conduit, supports, fittings, cabinets, pull boxes, and racks shall be thoroughly cleaned and painted as specified in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS or Section 09 96 00 HIGH-PERFORMANCE

COATINGS.

3.11 FIELD TESTING

Submit Test Reports in accordance with referenced standards in this section.

After completion of the installation and splicing, and prior to energizing the conductors, perform wire and cable continuity and insulation tests as herein specified before the conductors are energized.

Contractor shall provide all necessary test equipment, labor, and personnel to perform the tests, as herein specified.

Isolate completely all wire and cable from all extraneous electrical connections at cable terminations and joints.

Substation and switchboard feeder breakers, disconnects in combination motor starters, circuit breakers in panel boards, and other disconnecting devices shall be used to isolate the circuits under test.

Perform insulation-resistance test on each field-installed conductor with respect to ground and adjacent conductors. Applied potential shall be 500 volts dc for 300 volt rated cable and 1000 volts dc for 600 volt rated cable. Take readings after 1 minute and until the reading is constant for 15 seconds. Minimum insulation-resistance values shall not be less than 25 Megohms for 300 volt rated cable and 100 Megohms for 600 volt rated cable. For circuits with conductor sizes 8AWG and smaller insulation resistance testing is not required.

Perform continuity test to insure correct cable connection (i.e correct phase conductor, grounded conductor, and grounding conductor wiring) end-to end. Any damages to existing or new electrical equipment resulting from contractor mis-wiring will be repaired and re-verified at contractor's expense. All repairs shall be approved by the CO prior to acceptance of the repair.

Conduct phase-rotation tests on all three-phase circuits using a phase-rotation indicating instrument. Perform phase rotation of electrical connections to connected equipment clockwise, facing the source.

Final acceptance will depend upon the successful performance of wire and cable under test. Do not energize any conductor until the final test reports are reviewed and approved by the CO.

SECTION 26 05 19.00 10

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1.2 SUBMITTALS

1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

1.4 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

2.1.1 Wire Table

2.1.2 Rated Circuit Voltages

2.1.3 Conductors

2.1.3.1 Material for Conductors

2.1.3.2 Size

2.1.3.3 Stranding

2.1.3.4 Conductor Shielding

2.1.3.5 Separator Tape

2.1.4 Insulation

2.1.4.1 Insulation Material

2.1.4.2 Insulation Thickness

2.1.4.3 Insulation Shielding

2.1.5 Jackets

2.1.5.1 Jacket Material

2.1.5.2 Jacket Thickness

2.1.6 Metal-Clad Cable

2.1.6.1 General

2.1.6.2 Jackets

2.2 CABLE IDENTIFICATION

2.2.1 Color-Coding

2.2.2 Shielded Cables Rated 2,001 Volts and Above

2.2.3 Cabling

2.2.4 Dimensional Tolerance

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

3.2 TESTS, INSPECTIONS, AND VERIFICATIONS

3.2.1 Cable Data

3.2.2 Inspection and Tests

3.2.2.1 High-Voltage Test Source

3.2.2.2 Shielded Cables Rated 2,001 Volts or Greater

3.2.2.3 Flame Tests

3.2.2.4 Independent Tests

3.2.2.5 Reports

SECTION 26 05 19.00 10

INSULATED WIRE AND CABLE

11/08

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASSOCIATION OF EDISON ILLUMINATING COMPANIES (AEIC)

AEIC C8 (2000) Extruded Dielectric Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 Through 46 kV

AEIC CS8 (2000) Extruded Dielectric Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 Through 46 kV

IEEE 383 (2003; R 2008) Standard for Qualifying Class 1E Electric Cables and, Field Splices for Nuclear Power Generating Stations 2004

NEMA WC 70 (2009) Power Cable Rated 2000 V or Less for the Distribution of

Electrical Energy--S95-658

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00

Installation Instructions

SD-06 Test Reports

Tests, Inspections, and Verifications

1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Furnish cables on reels or coils. Each cable and the outside of each reel or coil, shall be plainly marked or tagged to indicate the cable length, voltage rating, conductor size, and manufacturer's lot number and reel number. Each coil or reel of cable shall contain only one continuous cable without splices. Cables for exclusively dc applications, as specified in paragraph HIGH VOLTAGE TEST SOURCE, shall be identified as such. Shielded cables rated 2,001 volts and above shall be reeled and marked in accordance with Section I of AEIC C8 or AEIC CS8, as applicable.

Reels shall remain the property of the Contractor.

2.1 MATERIALS

2.1.1 Wire Table

Furnish wire and cable as indicated on drawing.

2.1.2 Rated Circuit Voltages

All wire and cable shall have minimum rated circuit voltages in accordance with NEMA WC 70.

2.1.3 Conductors

2.1.3.1 Material for Conductors

Conductors shall conform to all the applicable requirements of NEMA WC 70, as applicable, and shall be annealed copper. Copper conductors may be bare, or tin- or lead-alloy-coated, if required by the type of insulation used.

2.1.3.2 Size

Minimum wire size shall be No. 12 AWG for power and lighting circuits; No. 10 AWG for current transformer secondary circuits; No. 14 AWG for potential transformer, relaying, and control circuits; No. 16 AWG for annunciator circuits; and No. 19 AWG for alarm circuits. Minimum wire sizes for rated circuit voltages of 2,001 volts and above shall not be less than those listed for the applicable voltage in NEMA WC 70, as applicable.

2.1.3.3 Stranding

Conductor stranding classes cited herein shall be as defined in NEMA WC 70, as applicable. Lighting conductors No. 10 AWG and smaller shall be solid or have Class B stranding. Any conductors used between stationary and moving devices, such as hinged doors or panels, shall have Class H or K stranding. All other conductors shall have Class B or C stranding, except that conductors shown on the drawings, or in the schedule, as No. 12 AWG may be 19 strands of No. 25 AWG, and conductors shown as No. 10 AWG may be 19 strands of No. 22 AWG.

2.1.3.4 Conductor Shielding

Use conductor shielding conforming to NEMA WC 70, as applicable, on power cables having a rated circuit voltage above 2,000 volts. In addition, conductor shielding for shielded cables shall also comply with Section C of AEIC C8 or AEIC CS8. Strict precautions shall be taken after application of the conductor shielding to prevent the inclusion of voids or contamination between the conductor shielding and the subsequently applied insulation.

2.1.3.5 Separator Tape

Where conductor shielding, strand filling, or other special conductor treatment is not required, a separator tape between conductor and insulation is permitted.

2.1.4 Insulation

2.1.4.1 Insulation Material

Provide insulation which is a cross-linked thermosetting polyethylene (XLPE) type, meeting the requirements of NEMA WC 70, as applicable, or an ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) type meeting the requirements of NEMA WC

70. For shielded cables of rated circuit voltages above 2,000 volts, the following provisions shall also apply:

a. XLPE, if used, shall be tree-retardant.

b. Insulation shall be chemically bonded to conductor shielding.

c. The insulation material and its manufacturing, handling, extrusion and vulcanizing processes, shall all be subject to strict procedures to prevent the inclusion of voids, contamination, or other irregularities on or in the insulation. Insulation material shall be inspected for voids and contaminants. Inspection methods, and maximum allowable void and contaminant content shall be in accordance with Section B of AEIC C8 or AEIC CS8, as applicable.

d. Cables with repaired insulation defects discovered during factory testing, or with splices or insulation joints, are not acceptable [unless specifically approved].

2.1.4.2 Insulation Thickness

The insulation thickness for each conductor shall be based on its rated circuit voltage.

a. Power Cables/Single-Conductor Control Cables, 2,000 Volts and Below. The insulation thickness for single-conductor cables rated 2,000 volts and below shall be as required by NEMA WC 70, as applicable. Some thicknesses of NEMA WC 70 will be permitted only for single-conductor cross-linked thermosetting polyethylene insulated cables without a jacket. NEMA WC 70 ethylene-propylene rubber-insulated conductors shall have a jacket.

b. Power Cables, Rated 2,001 Volts and Above - Thickness of insulation for power cables rated 2,001 volts and above shall be in accordance with the following:

(1) Non-shielded cables, 2,001 to 5,000 volts, shall comply with NEMA WC 70, as applicable.

(2) Shielded cables rated 2,001 volts and above shall comply with Column B of Table B1, of AEIC C8 or AEIC CS8, as applicable.

c. Multiple-Conductor Control Cables - The insulation thickness of multiple-conductor cables used for control and related purposes shall be as required by NEMA WC 70, as applicable.

2.1.4.3 Insulation Shielding

Unless otherwise specified, provide insulation shielding for conductors having rated circuit voltages of 2,001 volts and above. The voltage limits above which insulation shielding is required, and the material requirements, are given in NEMA WC 70, as applicable. The material, if thermosetting, shall meet the wafer boil test requirements as described in Section D of AEIC C8 or AEIC CS8, as applicable. The method of shielding shall be in accordance with the current practice of the industry; however, the application process shall include strict precautions to prevent voids or contamination between the insulation and the nonmetallic component. Voids, protrusions, and indentations of the shield shall not exceed the maximum allowances specified in Section C of AEIC C8 or AEIC CS8, as applicable. The cable shall be capable of operating without damage or excessive temperature when the shield is grounded at both ends of each conductor. All components of the shielding system shall remain tightly applied to the components they enclose after handling and installation in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Shielding systems which require heat to remove will not be permitted unless specifically approved.

2.1.5 Jackets

All cables shall have jackets meeting the requirements of NEMA WC 70, as applicable, and as specified herein. Individual conductors of multiple-conductor cables shall be required to have jackets only if they are necessary for the conductor to meet other specifications herein. Jackets of single-conductor cables and of individual conductors of multiple-conductor cables, except for shielded cables, shall be in direct contact and adhere or be vulcanized to the conductor insulation. Multiple-conductor cables and shielded single-conductor cables shall be provided with a common overall jacket, which shall be tightly and concentrically formed around the core. Repaired jacket defects found and corrected during manufacturing are permitted if the cable, including jacket, afterward fully meets these specifications and the requirements of the applicable standards.

2.1.5.1 Jacket Material

The jacket shall be one of the materials listed below. Variations from the materials required below will be permitted only if approved for each specific use, upon submittal of sufficient data to prove that they exceed all specified requirements for the particular application.

a. General Use

(1) Heavy-duty black neoprene (NEMA WC 70).

(2) Heavy-duty chlorosulfonated polyethylene (NEMA WC 70).

(3) Heavy-duty cross-linked (thermoset) chlorinated polyethylene ( NEMA WC 70).

b. Accessible Use Only, 2,000 Volts or Less - Cables installed where they are entirely accessible, such as cable trays and raceways with removable covers, or where they pass through less than 10 feet of exposed conduit only, shall have jackets of one of the materials specified in above paragraph GENERAL USE, or the jackets may be of one of the following:

(1) General-purpose neoprene (NEMA WC 70).

(2) Black polyethylene (NEMA WC 70).

(3) Thermoplastic chlorinated polyethylene (NEMA WC 70).

2.1.5.2 Jacket Thickness

The minimum thickness of the jackets at any point shall be not less than 80 percent of the respective nominal thicknesses specified below.

a. Multiple-Conductor Cables - Thickness of the jackets of the individual conductors of multiple-conductor cables shall be as required by NEMA WC 70, and shall be in addition to the conductor insulation thickness required by Column B of Table 3-1 of the applicable NEMA publication for the insulation used. Thickness of the outer jackets or sheaths of the assembled multiple-conductor cables shall be as required by NEMA WC 70.

b. Single-Conductor…