Attach___8_UFC_3_260_01.pdf

UFC 3-260-01

1 November 2001

Change of 19 May 2006

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING

AND DESIGN

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY (Preparing Activity)

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

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UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

Record of Changes (changes indicated by \1\ ... /1/ ) Change No. Date Location

1 19MAY06 Table 3.2, Item 12, Remark 3, Modified centerline criteria.

2 19MAY06 Figure 3.1, Note 1, Modified centerline criteria.

This UFC supersedes AFMAN (I) 32-1123, TM 5-803-7, and NAVFAC P-971, dated 1 MAY 1999.

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FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.) Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction.

Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group.

Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E.

Chief, Engineering and Construction U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E.

Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E.

The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.

Director, Installations Requirements and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment)

Table of Contents UFC 3-260-01 1 Nov 2001

Chapter 1—General Requirements

1.1 Purpose of This Manual ............................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.3 References .................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.4 Application of Criteria ................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5 Service Requirements................................................................................................... 1-3

1.6 Theater of Operations................................................................................................... 1-3

1.7 Security Considerations for Design.............................................................................. 1-3

1.8 Waivers to Criteria ....................................................................................................... 1-3

1.9 Notice of Construction ................................................................................................. 1-3

1.10 Zoning .......................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.11 Construction Phasing Plan ........................................................................................... 1-4

1.12 Associated Design Manuals ......................................................................................... 1-4

1.13 Use of Terms ................................................................................................................ 1-4

Table 1.4 Associated Design Manuals ......................................................................................... 1-4

Chapter 2—Aviation Facilities Planning

2.1 Applicability................................................................................................................. 2-1

Figure 2.1.Aviation Facilities Planning Process .............................................................................. 2-2

2.2 Justification .................................................................................................................. 2-3

2.3 General Planning Considerations ................................................................................. 2-3

2.4 Planning Studies........................................................................................................... 2-5

2.5 Siting Aviation Facilities (Army Only)........................................................................ 2-7

2.6 Airside and Landside Facilities .................................................................................... 2-8

2.7 Landing and Takeoff Area ........................................................................................... 2-9

2.8 Aircraft Ground Movement and Parking Areas ........................................................... 2-10

2.9 Aircraft Maintenance Area (Other than Pavements).................................................... 2-12

2.10 Aviation Operations Support Area............................................................................... 2-12

Chapter 3—Runways (Fixed-Wing) and Imaginary Surfaces

3.1 Contents........................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Requirements................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.3 Runway Classification.................................................................................................. 3-1

Table 3.1. Runway Classification by Aircraft Type...................................................................... 3-1

3.4 Runway Systems .......................................................................................................... 3-2 iii

UFC 3-260-01 Table of Contents

3.5 Runway Orientation/Wind Data................................................................................... 3-3

Table 3.2. Runways ....................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.6 Additional Considerations for Runway Orientation .................................................... 3-8

3.7 Runway Designation .................................................................................................... 3-9

3.8 Runway Dimensions .................................................................................................... 3-9

Figure 3.1. Runway and Primary Surface Transverse Sections...................................................... 3-10

Figure 3.2. Clear Zone Transverse Section Detail.......................................................................... 3-11

Figure 3.3. Runway and Overrun Longitudinal Profile.................................................................. 3-12

Figure 3.4. Army Clear Zone and Accident Potential Zone Guidelines......................................... 3-13

Figure 3.5. Air Force Clear Zone and Accident Potential Zone Guidelines .................................. 3-14

Figure 3.6. Navy and Marine Corps Clear Zone and Accident Potential Zone Guidelines ........... 3-15

Figure 3.7. Class A VFR Runway Primary Surface End Details ................................................... 3-16

Figure 3.8. Class A VFR Runway Isometric Airspace Imaginary Surfaces................................... 3-17

Figure 3.9. Class A VFR Runway Plan and Profile Airspace Imaginary Surfaces ........................ 3-18

Figure 3.10 Class A IFR Runway Primary Surface End Details ..................................................... 3-19

Figure 3.11. Class A IFR Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces .................................................... 3-20

Figure 3.12. Class A IFR Runway Plan and Profile Airspace Imaginary Surfaces.......................... 3-21

Figure 3.13. Class B Army and Air Force Runway Primary Surface End Details........................... 3-22

Figure 3.14. Class B Army Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces ................................................. 3-23

Figure 3.15. Class B Army and Air Force Runway Airspace Plan and Profile Runway Imaginary Surfaces ....................................................................................................................... 3-24

Figure 3.16. Class B Navy Runway Primary Surface End Details................................................... 3-25

Figure 3.17. Class B Navy Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces .................................................. 3-26

Figure 3.18. Class B Navy Runway Airspace Plan and Profile Runway Imaginary Surfaces ......... 3-27

Figure 3.19 VFR and IFR Crosswind Runways Isometric Airspace Imaginary Surfaces............... 3-28

3.9 Shoulders ...................................................................................................................... 3-28

3.10 Runway Overruns......................................................................................................... 3-28

Table 3.3. Army Class A Runway Lengths................................................................................... 3-29

Table 3.4. Overruns ....................................................................................................................... 3-29

3.11 Runway Clear Zones .................................................................................................... 3-30

3.12 Accident Potential Zones (APZ) .................................................................................. 3-30

3.13 Airspace Imaginary Surfaces ....................................................................................... 3-31

Table 3.5. Clear Zones .................................................................................................................. 3-31

Table 3.6. Accident Potential Zones (APZ) .................................................................................. 3-34 iv

Table 3.7 Airspace Imaginary Surfaces (Approach-Departure Clearance Surface) .................... 3-35

3.14 Airspace for Aviation Facilities with Two or More Runways ..................................... 3-41

3.15 Obstruction to Air Navigation...................................................................................... 3-41

Table 3.8 Imaginary Surfaces Minimum Clearances Over Highway, Railroad,Waterway, and Trees ............................................................................................................................ 3-42

3.16 Aircraft Arresting Systems........................................................................................... 3-42

Chapter 4—Rotary-Wing Runways, Helipads, Landing Lanes, and Hoverpoints

4.1 Contents........................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Landing and Take-off Layout Requirements ............................................................... 4-1

4.3 Rotary-Wing Runway .................................................................................................. 4-1

Table 4.1 Rotary-Wing Runways ................................................................................................. 4-1

Figure 4.1 Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps Helicopter VFR Runway.................................... 4-5

Figure 4.2 Army Helicopter Runway and Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps Helicopter IFR Runway........................................................................................................................ 4-6

Figure 4.3 Airspace Imaginary Surfaces, Army Helicopter Runway and Helipad, and Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps IFR Helicopter Runway and Helipad ..................... 4-7

4.4 Helipads........................................................................................................................ 4-8

Table 4.2 Rotary-Wing Helipads and Hoverpoints ...................................................................... 4-8

4.5 Same Direction Ingress/Egress..................................................................................... 4-10

4.6 Hoverpoints .................................................................................................................. 4-11

4.7 Rotary-Wing Landing Lanes........................................................................................ 4-11

Figure 4.4 Standard VFR Helipad for Army Air Force................................................................. 4-12

Figure 4.5 Standard VFR Helipad for Navy and Marine Corps and Limited Use VFR Helipad for Air Force................................................................................................................ 4-13

Figure 4.6 Army Helipad and Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps IFR Helipad ......................... 4-14

Figure 4.7 Air Force Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress .............................................. 4-15

Figure 4.8 Army Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress and Air Force IFR Helipad with Same Direction Ingess/Egress ..................................................................................... 4-16

Figure 4.9 Helicopter Landing Zone ............................................................................................. 4-17

4.8 Helicopter Slide Areas or “Skid Pads”......................................................................... 4-18

4.9 Shoulders for Rotary-Wing Facilities .......................................................................... 4-18

4.10 Overruns for Rotary-Wing Runways and Landing Lanes............................................ 4-18

4.11 Clear Zone and Accident Potential Zone (APZ) .......................................................... 4-18

Table 4.3 Rotary-Wing Landing Lanes........................................................................................ 4-19 v

Table 4.4 Shoulders for Rotary-Wing Facilities .......................................................................... 4-20

Figure 4.10 Helicopter Hoverpoint.................................................................................................. 4-22

Table 4.5 Overruns for Rotary-Wing Runways and Landing Lanes............................................ 4-23

4.12 Imaginary Surfaces for Rotary-Wing Runways, Helipads, Landing Lanes and Hoverpoints ................................................................................................................. 4-24

Table 4.6 Rotary-Wing Runway and Landing Lane Clear Zone and Accident Potential Zone (APZ)........................................................................................................................... 4-24

Table 4.7 Rotary-Wing Imaginary Surface for VFR Approaches................................................ 4-25

Table 4.8 Rotary-Wing Imaginary Surfaces for IFR Approaches................................................ 4-30

4.13 Obstructions and Airfield Airspace Criteria ................................................................ 4-35

Chapter 5—Taxiways

5.1 Contents........................................................................................................................ 5-1

5.2 Taxiway Requirements................................................................................................. 5-1

5.3 Taxiway Systems.......................................................................................................... 5-1

5.4 Taxiway Layout............................................................................................................ 5-1

Figure 5.1 Common Taxiway Designations .................................................................................. 5-2

Figure 5.2 Spacing Requirements - Normal Taxiway Turnoffs .................................................... 5-3

5.5 Fixed-Wing Taxiway Dimensions ............................................................................... 5-4

Table 5.1 Fixed-Wing Taxiways .................................................................................................. 5-4

5.6 Rotary-Wing Taxiway Dimensions.............................................................................. 5-7

5.7 Taxiways at Dual Use (Fixed- and Rotary-Wing) Airfields ........................................ 5-7

5.8 Taxiway Intersection Criteria....................................................................................... 5-7

Figure 5.3 Taxiway and Primary Surface Transverse Sections..................................................... 5-8

Table 5.2 Rotary-Wing Taxiways ................................................................................................ 5-9

Table 5.3 Rotary-Wing Taxiway Shoulders................................................................................. 5-9

5.9 High-Speed Taxiway Turnoff Criteria ......................................................................... 5-10

5.10 Apron Access Taxiways............................................................................................... 5-10

5.11 Shoulders ...................................................................................................................... 5-11

Figure 5.4 Intersection Geometry for Army and Air Force Facilities, and Navy and Marine Corps Facilities Serving Aircraft with Wingspan Less Than 33.5 meters (110 feet) 5-12

Figure 5.5 Intersection Geometry for Navy and Marine Corps Facilities Serving Aircraft with Wingspan Greater Than 33.5 meters (110 feet) .......................................................... 5-13

5.12 Towways ...................................................................................................................... 5-14

5.13 Hangar Access.............................................................................................................. 5-14 vi

Table 5.4 Towways ...................................................................................................................... 5-14

Figure 5.6 Toway Criteria.............................................................................................................. 5-16

Chapter 6—Aprons and Other Pavements

6.1 Contents........................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.2 Apron Requirements .................................................................................................... 6-1

6.3 Types of Aprons and Other Pavements........................................................................ 6-1

6.4 Aircraft Characteristics ................................................................................................ 6-1

6.5 Parking Apron for Fixed-Wing Aircraft....................................................................... 6-1

Figure 6.1 Apron Nomenclatures and Criteria .............................................................................. 6-2

Figure 6.2 Army and Air Force Parking Plan................................................................................ 6-4

Figure 6.3 Truck Refueling Safety Zone Example ........................................................................ 6-5

Table 6.1 Fixed-Wing Aprons...................................................................................................... 6-6

6.6 Taxiing Characteristics on Aprons for Fixed-Wing Aircraft ....................................... 6-11

6.7 Parking Apron for Rotary-Wing Aircraft..................................................................... 6-11

Figure 6.4 Apron With Diagonal Parking...................................................................................... 6-12

Figure 6.5 Type 1 Parking for All Aircraft Except CH-47............................................................ 6-15

Figure 6.6 Type 1 Parking for CH-47............................................................................................ 6-16

Figure 6.7 Type 2 Parking for Skid Aircraft.................................................................................. 6-17

Figure 6.8 Type 2 Parking for Wheeled Aircraft........................................................................... 6-18

Table 6.2 Rotary-Wing Aprons for Army Airfields..................................................................... 6-19

6.8 Warm-Up Pads ............................................................................................................. 6-21

Figure 6.9 Warm-Up Pad at End of Parallel Taxiway................................................................... 6-22

Figure 6.10 Warm-Up Pad Next to Parallel Taxiway...................................................................... 6-22

Figure 6.11 Warm-Up Pad Located in Clear Zone.......................................................................... 6-23

Figure 6.12 Warm-Up Pad Located in Approach-Departure Clearance Surface ............................ 6-24

Figure 6.13 Warm-Up Pad/Localizer Critical Area......................................................................... 6-26

Figure 6.14 Air Force Warm-Up Pad/Glide Slope Critical Area .................................................... 6-27

Figure 6.15 Warm-Up Pad/CAT II ILS Critical Area ..................................................................... 6-28

Figure 6.16 Warm-Up Pad Taxiing and Wingtip Clearance Requirements .................................... 6-30

6.9 Power Check Pad ......................................................................................................... 6-30

Figure 6.17 Geometry for Rectangular Power Check Pad .............................................................. 6-31

Figure 6.18 Geometry for Square Power Check Pad....................................................................... 6-32

Figure 6.19 Geometry for Circular Power Check Pad..................................................................... 6-33 vii

6.10 Arm/Disarm Pads ......................................................................................................... 6-35

Figure 6.20 Arm-Disarm Pad for F-4 Fighter.................................................................................. 6-36

Figure 6.21 Arm-Disarm Pad for F-15 Fighter................................................................................ 6-37

Figure 6.22 Arm-Disarm Pad for F-16 Fighter................................................................................ 6-38

Figure 6.23 Arm-Disarm Pad for F-111 Fighter.............................................................................. 6-39

6.11 Compass Calibration Pad (CCP) .................................................................................. 6-39

Figure 6.24 Army and Air Force Compass Calibration Pad............................................................ 6-41

6.12 Hazardous Cargo Pads ................................................................................................. 6-42

Figure 6.25 Hazardous Cargo Pad Other Than APOE/Ds............................................................... 6-44

Figure 6.26 Typical Hazardous Cargo Pad for APOE/Ds ............................................................... 6-45

6.13 Alert Pad....................................................................................................................... 6-45

Figure 6.27 Typical Alert Apron for Bombers and Tanker Aircraft ............................................... 6-46

Figure 6.28 Typical Alert Pad for Fighter Aircraft.......................................................................... 6-47

Table 6.3 Minimum Separation Distance on Bomber Alert Aprons from the Centerline of a Through Taxilane to a Parked Aircraft ......................................................................... 6-48

Figure 6.29 Alert Apron Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Parking......................................................................... 6-49

Figure 6.30 Alert Apron Back-In Parking........................................................................................ 6-50

6.14 Aircraft Wash Racks .................................................................................................... 6-51

Table 6.4 Wash Rack Clearances From Aircraft to Curb............................................................. 6-51

Figure 6.31 Wash Rack for Mixed Mission Facility ....................................................................... 6-53

Figure 6.32 Heavy Bomber Wash Rack (B-52 or B-1) ................................................................... 6-54

Figure 6.33 Cargo Aircraft Wash Rack ........................................................................................... 6-55

Figure 6.34 Fighter Aircraft Wash Rack and Navy Type A Wash Rack......................................... 6-56

Figure 6.35 Navy Type B Wash Rack ............................................................................................. 6-57

Figure 6.36 Helicopter Wash Rack.................................................................................................. 6-58

Figure 6.37 Utilities and In-Pavement Structures ........................................................................... 6-60

6.15 Hangar Access Aprons ................................................................................................. 6-61

Table 6.5 Hangar Access Apron................................................................................................... 6-61

6.16 Taxiing Characteristics on Aprons for Rotary-Wing Aircraft ..................................... 6-63

6.17 Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Grading Standards....................................................... 6-63

6.18 Shoulders ...................................................................................................................... 6-64

6.19 Miscellaneous Apron Design Considerations .............................................................. 6-64

6.20 CV-22 Apron Clearances ............................................................................................. 6-64

Figure 6.38 CV-22 Apron Clearance Requirements........................................................................ 6-65 viii

6.21 US Navy and Marine Corps Aircraft Block Dimensions. .......................................... 6.65

Figure 6.39 Navy/Marine Corps, 45° Aircraft Parking Configuration............................................ 6-66

Figure 6.40 Navy/Marine Corps, 90° Aircraft Parking Configuration............................................ 6-67

Table 6.6 Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Helicopter Aircraft, 90° Parking ....... 6-68

Table 6.7 Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Propeller Aircraft, 90° Parking.......... 6-68

Table 6.8 Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Jet Aircraft, 90° Parking.................... 6-69

Table 6.9 Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Jet Aircraft, 45° Parking.................... 6-71

Chapter 7—Shortfields and Training Assault Landing Zones

Reserved for Future Use

Chapter 8—Aircraft Hangar Pavements

8.1 General Requirements .................................................................................................. 8-1

8.2 Aircraft Modules Space................................................................................................ 8-1

Table 8.1 Aircraft Space Module for Army Aviation Facilities................................................... 8-1

8.3 Hangar and Shelter Clearances .................................................................................... 8-1

8.4 Hangar Floor Design .................................................................................................... 8-2

Table 8.2 Aircraft Clearances Inside Hangars.............................................................................. 8-2

Attachments

Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Attachment 2—WAIVER PROCESSING PROCEDURES

Attachment 3—ARMY LAND USE AND FACILITY SPACE -- ALLOWANCES

Attachment 4— DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE LAND USE COMPATIBILITY GUIDELINES

FOR CLEAR ZONE AND ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONES

Attachment 5—WIND COVERAGE STUDIES

Attachment 6—Extract of Federal Aviation Regulation Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace

Attachment 7—AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS FOR AIRFIELD-HELIPORT DESIGN

AND EVALUATION

Attachment 8—JET BLAST EFFECTS

Attachment 9—JET BLAST DEFLECTOR

Attachment 10—EXPLOSIVES ON OR NEAR AIRFIELDS

Attachment 11—COMPASS CALIBRATION PAD (CCP) MAGNETIC SURVEY

Attachment 12—TIEDOWNS, MOORING, AND GROUNDING POINTS ix

Attachment 13—FLIGHTLINE VEHICLE PARKING - NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

Attachment 14—DEVIATIONS FROM CRITERIA FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELD SUPPORT

FACILITIES

Attachment 15—CONSTRUCTION PHASING PLAN AND OPERATIONAL SAFETY ON THE

AIRFIELD DURING CONSTRUCTION

Attachment 16—MISCELLANEOUS FIGURES

Attachment 17—NAVIGATIONAL AIDS (NAVAIDS) DESIGN AND SUPPORT

Attachment 18—AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER (ATCT) SITING CRITERIA

Attachment 19—GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHING THE BUILDING RESTRICTION LINE

AT USAF BASES

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Chapter 1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Purpose of This Manual. This manual provides standardized airfield, heliport and airspace criteria for the geometric layout, design, and construction of runways, helipads, taxiways, aprons, and related permanent facilities to meet sustained operations.

1.2. Scope. This manual prescribes dimensional and geometric layout criteria for safe standards for airfields, landing zones, heliports and helipads, and related permanent facilities, as well as the navigational airspace surrounding these facilities. Criteria in this manual pertain to all Department of Defense (DoD) military facilities in the United States, its territories, trusts, and possessions, and unless otherwise noted, to DoD facilities overseas on which the United States has vested base rights. For DoD facilities overseas; if written agreement exists between host nation and DoD that requires application of either NATO, ICAO or Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards, those standards shall apply as stipulated within the agreement. However, DoD proponents shall apply criteria within this manual to the maximum extent practicable. USAF bases within the European theater are authorized to use NATO criteria. Tenant organizations on civil airports in CONUS will use these criteria to the extent practicable; otherwise, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) criteria will apply. Procedures for pavement structural design and pavement marking and lighting are beyond the scope of this manual.

1.2.1. Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS). In addition to a local TERPS review, modifications to existing facilities and construction of new facilities must be closely coordinated with the Major Command (MAJCOM - Air Force), U.S. Army Aeronautical Services Agency (USAASA) and USAASDE, and Naval Flight Information Group (NAVFIG), to ensure instrument flight procedures' compliance with TERPS. The criteria in this manual do not address instrument flight procedures. TERPS evaluations and processes are described in AFMAN (I) 11-226/TM 95- 226/OPNAVINST 3722.16C, United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS).

TERPS provides additional criteria to be considered when designing or modifying airfields and facilities on airfields that are used under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

1.2.2. Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace. Modifications to existing facilities and construction of new facilities must consider navigable airspace, and may require that a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Form 7460-1 be filed with the Administrator. See Attachment 6 to determine when this form must be filed. The criteria for determining obstructions to navigable airspace have been identified in this manual. The designer must consult this manual during the design process to identify obstructions to airspace, and file FAA Form 7460-1 when required. Designers for USAF facilities will coordinate with the airfield manager and safety officer before filing the form with the FAA. For facilities outside the U.S. and its trust territories, host nation criteria apply off base. If the criteria in this manual are more stringent, this manual should be used to the maximum extent practical.

1.2.3. Navigational Aids (NAVAIDS) and Lighting. NAVAIDS and airfield lighting are integral parts of an airfield and must be considered in the planning and design of airfields and heliports.

NAVAID location, airfield lighting, and the grading requirements of a NAVAID must be considered when locating and designing runways, taxiways, aprons and other airfield facilities. Table A17.1 in Attachment 17 includes a list of design documents governing NAVAIDS and lighting and the agency where siting and design information can be obtained.

1.2.4. Vertical-Short Takeoff and Landing (V-STOL) Aircraft (V-22). At shore establishments, the V-22 will be considered a fixed-wing aircraft, and the runway planned according to critical field

1-1 length. If operational requirements allow for reduced loads and a vertical takeoff pad is desired, contact the appropriate agency aviation office who can provide airfield safety waivers. CV-22 apron requirements are provided in Chapter 6. Information on the V-22 (Osprey) aircraft may be obtained by contacting:

LANTDIV Code 15 NAVAIRSYSCOM (AIR-8.OY) 1510 Gilbert Street OR 1421 Jefferson Davis Highway Norfolk, VA 23511-2699 Arlington VA 22243-5120

1.3. References. Attachment 1 contains a list of documents referenced in this manual.

1.4. Application of Criteria:

1.4.1. Existing Facilities. The criteria in this manual are not intended to apply to existing facilities located or constructed under previous standards. This includes cases where runways may lack paved shoulders or other physical features because they were not previously required or authorized. These facilities can continue to be used without impairing operational efficiency and safety; however, USAF bases must identify such facilities on airfield obstruction maps using a Building Restriction Line (BRL) to encompass exempt areas or an annotation on or near the feature noting its exempt status. See Attachment 19 for the guidelines used to establish the BRL. Existing airfield facilities need not be modified nor upgraded to conform to the criteria in this manual. If there is a change in mission which results in a reclassification of the Category Code of the facility, an upgrade to current standards is required. Upgraded facilities must be maintained at a level that will sustain compliance with current standards.

1.4.2. Modification of Existing Facilities. When existing airfield facilities are modified, construction must conform to the criteria established in this manual unless waived in accordance with paragraph 1.8.. Modified portions of facilities must be maintained at a level that will sustain compliance with current standards.

1.4.3. New Construction. The criteria established in the manual apply to all new facilities. All new construction will comply with criteria established within this manual unless the appropriate waivers are obtained as outlined in Attachment 2. For USAF, new facilities within the appropriate Category Code may be constructed without waiver if they are behind and beneath the boundaries of the BRL (see Attachment 19). All site plans for new facilities that will be sited within this area should clearly delineate the limits (including elevation) of the BRL and the relationship to the proposed facility.

New facilities must be maintained at a level that will sustain compliance with current standards.

1.4.4. Metric Application. Geometric design criteria established in this manual are expressed in SI units (metric). These metric values are based upon aircraft specific requirements rather than direct conversion and rounding. This results in apparent inconsistencies between metric and inch-pound (English) dimensions. For example, 150-foot-wide runways are shown as 46 meters, 150-foot-wide aircraft wash racks are shown as 45 meters. Runways need the extra meter in width for aircraft operational purposes; wash racks do not. SI dimensions apply to new airfield facilities, and where practical, to modification of existing airfield facilities, unless waived in accordance with paragraph

1.8. Inch-pound measurements are included in the tables and figures in this manual only to permit reference to the previous standards. To avoid changes to existing airfield obstruction maps and compromises to flight safety, airfield and heliport imaginary surfaces and safe wingtip clearance dimensions are shown as a direct conversion from inch-pound to SI units.

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1.4.5. AFRC and ANG Installations. AFRC and ANG installations on municipal airports or FAA-controlled airfields must apply FAA criteria to facilities such as runways and taxiways that are jointly used by civilian and military aircraft. Facilities that are for military use only, such as aircraft parking aprons, must apply Air Force/DoD criteria.

1.4.6. HQ USAFE may implement NATO standards in lieu of the standards provided in this manual.

1.5. Service Requirements. When criteria differ among the various Services, the criteria for the specific Service are noted. For USAF, all work orders processed for work within the airfield environment must be signed by the Airfield Manager before work may proceed.

1.6. Theater-of-Operations. Standards for theater-of-operations facilities are contained in: Army FM 5-430-00-2/Air Force Joint Pamphlet (AFJPAM) 32-8013, Volume 2, Planning and Design of Roads, Airfields, and Heliports in the Theater of Operations.

1.7. Security Considerations for Design. Regulatory requirements for security of assets can have a significant impact on planning and design of airfields and heliports. The arms, ammunition, explosives and electronic devices associated with aircraft, as well as the aircraft themselves, require varying types and levels of protection. Operational security of the airfield is also a consideration.

1.7.1. Integration of Security Measures. Protective features such as barriers, fences, lighting, access control, intrusion detection and assessment must be integrated into the airfield planning and design process to minimize problems with aircraft operations and safety requirements. This is discussed further in Chapter 2. The protective measures should be included in the design based on risk and threat analysis or should comply with security-related requirements.

1.7.2. Security-Related Requirements. Detailed discussion of security-related requirements is beyond the scope of this manual. Designer should refer to the following applicable security regulations for planning and design guidance:

1.7.2.1. AFI 31-101, The Physical Security Program

1.7.2.2. OPNAVINST 5513.14B, Physical Security and Loss Prevention

1.7.2.3. MIL-HDBK-1013/1, Design Guidelines for Physical Security of Facilities

1.7.2.4. MIL-HDBK-1013/10, Design Guidelines for Security Fencing, Gates, Barriers and Guard Facilities

1.7.2.5. (U)AR 50-51, Nuclear Weapons Security, (Confidential)

1.7.2.6. AR 190-11, Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition and Explosives

1.7.2.7. AR 190-51, Security of Army Property at Unit and Installation Level

1.7.2.8. DA PAM 190-51, Risk Analysis for Army Property

1.8. Waivers to Criteria. Each DoD Service component is responsible for setting administrative procedures necessary to process and grant formal waivers. Waivers to the criteria contained in this manual will be processed in accordance with Attachment 2. If a waiver affects instrument approach and departure procedures as defined in TERPS (AFJMAN 11-226/TM 95-226/OPNAVINST 3722.16C), the

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DoD Service component processing the waiver must also coordinate its action with the applicable TERPS approving authority.

1.9. Notice of Construction. The FAA must be notified of all construction that affect air navigation at DoD airfields in the United States and its territories. FAA Form 7460-1, Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration (http://www.faa.gov/arp/ace/faaforms.htm), must be submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration at least 30 days prior to the start of construction, in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 77, Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace, subpart B. Airspace surface penetrations will be noted. Applications may be obtained and are filed with the regional FAA office. For Army, Army National Guard and Army Reserves, process the form in accordance with Chapter 8 of AR 95-2, Air Traffic Control, Air Space, Airfield Flight Facilities and Navigational Aids.

For DoD facilities overseas, similar requirements by the host country, NATO, or ICAO, may be applicable.

1.10. Zoning. Existing facilities should be modified, and new facilities should be sited and constructed in a manner that will encourage local municipalities to adopt land use plans and zoning regulations to protect the installation's flying mission. Land uses compatible with flight operations are defined in DODI 4165.57, Air Installation Compatible Use Zone Program.

1.11. Construction Phasing Plan. A construction phasing plan, as discussed in Attachment 15, should be included in the contract documents.

1.12. Associated Design Manuals. The planning and design of airfields and heliports is intricate and may require additional criteria, such as pavement design and pavement marking, not addressed in this manual. Additional manuals which the designer/planner may need to consult are listed in Table 1.1.

1.13. Use of Terms. The following terms, when used in this manual, indicate the specific requirements:

1.13.1. Will or Must -- Indicates a mandatory and/or required action.

1.13.2. Should -- Indicates a recommended, advisory, and/or desirable action.

1.13.3. May or Can -- Indicates a permissible action.

Table 1.1. Associated Design Manuals.

Pavement Design, General

Air Force AFJMAN 32-1014, Pavement Design for Airfields Army TM-5-825-1, General Provisions for Airfield/Heliport Pavement Design TM-5-825-3-1, Rigid Pavement Design for Airfields, Elastic Layered Method TM-5-825-2-1, Flexible Pavement Design for Airfields (Elastic Layered Method) Navy/Marines MIL-HDBK 1021/2, General Concepts for Airfield Pavement Design FAA AC 150/5320-6, Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation

Hangar Pavement Design Navy/Marines MIL-HDBK 1028/1A, Aircraft Maintenance Facilities

Rigid Pavement Design Air Force AFJMAN 32-1014, Pavement Design for Airfields

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Table 1.1. Associated Design Manuals.

Army TM 5-825-3, Rigid Pavements for Airfields Navy/Marines MIL-HDBK 1021/4, Rigid Pavement Design for Airfields FAA AC 150/5320-6, Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation

Flexible Pavement Design Air Force AFJMAN 32-1014, Pavement Design for Airfields Army TM 5-825-2, Flexible Pavement Design for Airfields Navy/Marines DM 21.3, Flexible Pavement Design for Airfields FAA AC 150/5320-6, Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation

Surface Drainage Air Force AFM 88-5, CH1 (AFI 32-1016), Surface Drainage Facilities for Airfields and

Heliports Army TM 5-820-1, Surface Drainage Facilities for Airfields/Heliports Navy/Marines MIL-HDBK 1005/3, Drainage Systems FAA AC 150/5320-5, Airport Drainage

Airfield Lighting Air Force AFMAN 32-1076, Visual Air Navigation Facilities Army TM 5-811-5, Army Aviation Lighting Navy/Marines MIL-HDBK 1023/1, Airfield Lighting NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2, General Requirements for Shore Based Airfield

Marking and Lighting MIL-HDBK 1024/1, Aviation Operational and Support Facilities FAA AC 150/5300-13, Airport Design

Explosives Air Force AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Standards Army AR 385-64, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards Navy/Marines NAVSEA OP-5, Ammunition and Explosives Ashore, Safety Regulations for

Handling, Storing, Production, Renovation, and Shipping Pavement Marking

Air Force AFI 32-1042, Standards For Marking Airfields ETL 94-01, Standard Airfield Pavement Marking Schemes (AFJM 32-1015) Army TM 5-823-4, Marking of Army Airfield-Heliport Facilities Navy/Marines NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 FAA AC 150/5340-1, Marking of Paved Areas on Airports

Subsurface Drainage Air Force AFM 88-5, CH2 (AFJMAN 32-1016), Drainage and Erosion Control -

Subsurface Drainage, Facilities and Airfield Pavements Army TM 5-820-2, Drainage and Erosion Control, Subsurface Drainage Facilities for Airfield Pavements Navy/Marines DM 21.06, Airfield Subsurface Drainage and Pavement Design FAA AC 150/5320-5, Airport Drainage

Drainage and Erosion Control Structures Air Force AFM 88-5, CH3 (AFJMAN 32-1016), Drainage and Erosion Control Structure for

Airfields and Heliports

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Table 1.1. Associated Design Manuals.

Army TM 5-820-3, Drainage and Erosion Control Structures for Airfields and Heliports Navy/Marines MIL HDBK 1005/3, Drainage Systems FAA AC 150/5320-5, Airport Drainage

Theater of Operations Air Force AFJPAM 32-8013, Vol 2 (32-1027V1), Planning and Design of Roads, Airfields, and Heliports in the Theater of Operations--Road Design Army FM 5-430-00-2

Area Lighting Army TM 5-811-5, Army Aviation Lighting Navy/Marines MIL-HDBK 1023/1, Airfield Lighting

NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2, General Requirements for Shore Based Airfield Marking and Lighting

FAA IES-RP-14-1987, IES Recommended Practice for Airport Service Area Lighting

( ) - Represents Future Document

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Chapter 2

AVIATION FACILITIES PLANNING

2.1. Applicability. Much of the criteria in this chapter apply to Aviation Facilities Planning for the Army only and are intended for use together with the design criteria presented elsewhere in this manual.

Use of these criteria produces the right facilities, in the right place, at the right time. Navy aviation planning is covered in NAVFAC P-80, Facility Planning Factor Criteria for Navy and Marine Corps Shore Installations, and NAVFAC P 80.3, Appendix E, Airfield Safety Clearances. Aviation facilities planning for the Air Force is discussed in Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-1024, Standard Facility Requirements, and Air Force Handbook (AFH) 32-1084, Standard Facility Requirements Handbook. In some cases, Air Force and Navy agencies and documents have been noted.

2.1.1. Manual Usage. Integration of aviation facilities planning with other Department of Defense (DoD) planning processes entails broad considerations. For example, the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) has significantly affected aviation facilities planning by requiring that environmental impacts be considered early and throughout the planning process. In using this manual, planners should recognize that planning an aviation facility not only requires planning for runways, taxiways, aprons, and buildings, but must also consider environmental factors, land use considerations, airspace constraints, and surrounding infrastructure.

2.1.2. Terms. The following terms, for the purpose of this manual, define cumulative areas of consideration when planning aviation facilities. These terms are defined in attachment 1.

2.1.2.1. Aviation facility

2.1.2.2. Airside facilities

2.1.2.3. Landside facilities

2.1.2.4. Aviation movement or action

2.1.3. Planning Process. Aviation facilities planning involves collecting data, forecasting demand, determining facility requirements, analyzing alternatives, and preparing plans and schedules for facility development. The aviation facilities planning process must consider the mission and use of the aviation facility and its effect on the general public. The planning process cannot be completed without knowing the facility's primary mission and assigned organization and types of aircraft.

Figure 2.1 provides general steps in the aviation facilities planning process.

2.1.4. Planning Elements. The elements of an aviation facility's planning process will vary in complexity and degree of application, depending on the size, function, and problems of the facility.

The technical steps described in this manual should be undertaken only to the extent necessary to produce a well-planned aviation facility.

2.1.5. Guidance. This chapter is structured and organized to provide guidance to planners intending to plan, design, or modify an aviation facility to comply with standardized criteria.

2.1.6. Additional Planning Factors. As discussed in Chapter 1, there are additional planning factors such as pavement design, airfield marking, and Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) that must be considered when planning aviation facilities.

2.1.7. Space Allowances. Space allowances, presented in attachment 3, should be used when planning Army aviation facilities. Space allowances are presented in NAVFAC P-80 for Navy facilities and AFH 32-1084, Facility Requirements Handbook, for Air Force facilities.

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Figure 2.1. Aviation Facilities Planning Process.

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2.2. Justification:

2.2.1. Aviation Facilities Planning. Aviation facilities must be planned, programmed, and constructed in accordance with the Airfield Master Plan process. An Airfield Master Plan is developed and approved through an established planning process as discussed in paragraph 2.4.

During the Master Plan process, alternatives must be assessed to determine the best, or a…