Aviano_Air_Base_Design_Guide.PDF

The Aviano Air Base Design Guide

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

AVIANO AIR BASE PRIORITIES

Maintain ability to execute the 31st Fighter

Wing Mission. Establish and maintain people-focused programs modernize and sustain

Aviano infrastructure.

31ST FIGHTER WING

Deliver combat power and support across the globe to achieve U.S. and NATO objectives. It is an unrivaled fighter wing of outstanding

Airmen trained, ready and dedicated to executing the Wing's mission.

31ST CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON

The 31st Civil Engineer Squadron enables the

31st Fighter Wing mission by providing world class facilities, airfield, and utility system construction, operations, and maintenance; fire, explosive ordnance, and emergency management forces; housing facilities and programs; asset optimization; and environmental security. The unit trains and prepares combat ready Airmen and equipment to support the combatant commander and Air

Expeditionary Force tasking.

DESIGN OBJECTIVES

Each design objective described herein is significantly important, yet it is just one aspect of what it takes to achieve a successful project.

A truly successful project is one where project goals are identified early on and where the interdependencies of all building systems are coordinated concurrently from the planning and programming phase. Further, all design objectives and their relationships must be understood, evaluated, and appropriately applied.

CODE COMPLIANT: Conformance with laws and codes applicable to all aspects and design disciplines, both U.S. and local national authorities. Conform to Mixed Commission

Document: Design and Construction Italian

Compliance

ACCESSIBLE: Building elements, heights and clearances implemented to address the specific needs of disabled people.

AESTHETICS: Physical appearance and image of building elements and spaces as well as the integrated design process.

COST EFFECTIVE: Selecting building elements on the basis of life-cycle costs (weighing options during concepts, design development, and value engineering) as well as basic cost estimating and budget control.

FUNCTIONAL/OPERATIONAL:

Requirements and Functional programming of spatial needs , systems performance as well as durability and efficient maintenance of building elements.

CODE COMPLIANT: Conformance with Laws and codes applicable to all aspects and design disciplines, both U.S. and local national and authorities.

PRODUCTIVE: Occupants' well-being, physical and psychological comfort, including building elements such as air distribution.

lighting, workplaces, systems, and technology.

SECURE/SAFE: Physical protection of occupants and assets from man- made and natural hazards.

SUSTAINABLE: Environmental performance of building elements and strategies.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter 1: Scope, Standards, Compliance

1.1.0 Intended Use

1.2.0 Design and Construction Italian

Compliance

1.3.0 Engineering Standard

1.4.0 Architectural Compatibility

1.5.0 Sustainable Design and Development

1.6.0 Energy Saving

1.7.0 Water Consumption

1.8.0 Applicable Publications

Chapter 2: Base Information

2.1.0. Installation Profile

2.2.0. Location

2.3.0. Climate

2.4.0. Local Design Character

2.5.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 3: Comprehensive Planning

3.1.0. General

3.2.0. The Aviano Air Base

3.3.0. Visual Districts

3.4.0. Edges and Boundaries

3.5.0. Routes

3.6.0. Open Spaces

3.7.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 4: Sustainable Design

4.1.0. Introduction

4.2.0. Sustainable Sites

4.3.0. Sustainable Design Development (SDD)

and Implementing Guidelines

4.4.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 5: Security Design

5.1.0. Introduction

5.2.0. Secure, Safe and Sustainable Trade-Offs

and synergies

5.3.0. Site Work Elements

5.4.0. Security for Building and Occupants

5.5.0. Integrating Security and Sustainability

5.6.0. Design for fire Protection and Physical

Security

5.7.0. Integrated Systems

5.8.0. Blast Design Vs. Seismic Design

5.9.0. Aviano A.B. Security Design

Chapter 6: Site Design

6.1.0. Site Development

6.2.0. Circulation Systems

6.3.0. Vehicle Parking

6.4.0. Exterior Lighting

6.5.0. Grading

6.6.0. Site Furnishing

6.7.0. Storm Water and Pollution Prevention

Chapter 7: Landscape Design

7.1.0. Introduction

7.2.0. Typologies of the Greenery

7.3.0. The Greenery Function

7.4.0. General Guidelines

7.5.0. Landscape Development Zones

7.6.0. Street Planting

7.7.0. Foundation Planting

7.8.0. Screen Planting

7.9.0. Grass Seed Mix

7.10.0. Phito Sanitary Products

7.11.0. Critical Design Requirements

7.12.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 8: Signage

8.1.0. Introduction

8.2.0. General Guidelines

8.3.0. Sign Control Group

8.4.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 9: Architectural Design

9.1.0. Introduction- Architectural Design

9.2.0. Regional Architecture Influences

9.3.0. Building Types

9.4.0. Building Forms and Proportion

9.5.0. Elevations

9.6.0. Passive Design

9.7.0. Disabled Persons Accessibility

9.8.0. Support Spaces

9.9.0. Door Hardware

9.10.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 10: Interior Design

10.1.0 Introduction

10.2.0 Interior Design Process

10.3.0 Product Requirements

10.4.0 Finish Material

10.5.0 Paint and Coatings

10.6.0 Colors

10.7.0 Furnishing

10.8.0 Lighting

10.9.0 Applicable Publications

Chapter 11: Fire Protection

11.1.0. Governing Standards

11.2.0. Water Supply System

11.3.0. Standard Requirements

11.4.0. Fire Detection and Alarm System

11.5.0. Suppression Systems

11.6.0. Gas Detention and Alarm System

11.7.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 12: Civil Design

12.1.0. Introduction

12.2.0. Earthworks

12.3.0. General- Utilities

12.4.0. Water Distribution

12.5.0. Sewage & Drainage Systems

12.6.0. Natural Gas Distribution

12.7.0. Storage Tanks

12.8.0. Roads, Parking Lots and Sidewalks

12.9.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 13: Structural Design

13.1.0. Introduction

13.2.0. General Design Criteria

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13.3.0. structural Systems

13.4.0. Foundations

13.5.0. Floor Slabs

13.6.0. Applicable Publications

Chapter 14: Mechanical Design

14.1.0. Introduction- Base Mechanical Systems

14.2.0. General Guidelines

14.3.0. Plumbing

14.4.0. Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning

14.5.0. Heating

14.6.0. Ventilation Systems

14.7.0. Air Conditioning

14.8.0. References

Chapter 15: Electrical Design

15.1.0. Introduction

15.2.0. General Requirements

15.3.0. Primary and Secondary Power Distribution

15.4.0. Substations and Switchgear

15.5.0. Internal Power Distribution

15.6.0. Lighting

15.7.0. Energy Monitoring Control System

(EMCS)

15.8.0. References

Chapter 16: Communication Systems Design

16.1.0. General- Base Communication Systems

16.2.0. Underground Communications Distribution

16.3.0. Internal Communication Distribution &

Wiring

16.4.0. Communication Room

16.5.0. Community Area Television (CATV)

16.6.0. References

Chapter 17: Environmental Standards

17.1.0. Introduction

17.2.0. Sound Attenuation

17.3.0. Radom Mitigation

17.4.0. Drainage System

17.5.0. Solid Waste Materials

17.6.0. Hazardous Materials/Waste

17.7.0. References

Chapter 18: General Provisions for Construction

18.1.0. Contractor General Requirements

18.2.0. Existing Site Conditions

18.3.0. Site Restriction

18.4.0. Site Utilities

18.5.0. Construction Debris Disposal

18.6.0. Master Keying

18.7.0. Color Board Submittals

18.8.0. Authorizations

Chapter 19: CADD/GIS/Drawing Standards

19.1.0. Contract Drawings

19.2.0. Drawings

19.3.0. Drawing Cover Sheet and Title Block

19.4.0. Drawing Format and Document Sequence

19.5.0. Geographic Information System (GIS)

19.6.0. References

Chapter 20: Applicable Publications

20.1.1. References

ANNEX:

ANNEX 1: Leed Requirements for New Construction and Major Renovations

ANNEX 2: Plant Selection Lists

ANNEX 3: Communication Requirements - Aviano Air Base - Italy

ANNEX 4: Copper Cable Configurations

ANNEX 5: Vapor Barriers or Vapor Diffusion Retarders

ANNEX 6: Minimum Antiterrorism Construction Standards - Pre Final Checklist

ANNEX 7: SI Metric System

ANNEX 8: Applicable Details

ANNEX 9: Construction technical norm

ANNEX 10: Functional Systems, Functional Test checklist

CHAPTER 1 – SCOPE

1.1 .0 INTENDED USE

The Aviano Air Base Design Guide is intended to be used as a living/working document. It is to be referenced by any person responsible for preparing a request for proposal, programming documents, design and construction contracts, maintenance work orders, construction documents of performing design of any type. These guidelines are concerned with establishing a standard for engineering construction quality as well as for architectural compatibility among the various design elements at Aviano

Air Base.

This document is not intended to be an instructional or educational manual for accomplishing good design, it is a specific listing of the design standards. These strive to recognize the cultural, environmental, climatic and existing facility conditions peculiar to Aviano AB, and to define the appropriate styles, finishes, materials, equipment and amenities to be used. The design standards aim to achieve both the best facility life-cycle costs and still retain the appropriate environment for people to achieve their highest productivity and efficiency. The purpose of this document is to establish and document installation-specific standards or specifications and to provide a tool for design and construction agencies to consistently apply these standards for various projects at Aviano AB.

The Design Guide has been developed specifically for Aviano Air Base, and is intended to serve as a comprehensive guide and reference manual for all design solutions affecting engineering, exterior visual aspects of the installation and interior standards such as materials, furnishings and finishes.

This guide provides basic principles, general concepts, and specific guidelines applicable to the planning and design of new facilities, renovations, and on-going maintenance activities. It is not intended to act as a comprehensive authority on all applicable building codes, regulations, and user requirements. The design professional shall research and comply with all applicable requirements dictated by DOD and Italian authorities and inform the Civil Engineer

Squadron of any potential regulatory conflicts in the event that they arise.

1.2.0 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

ITALIAN COMPLIANCE

Each infrastructure project designed and constructed in Italy must be in full compliance with Italian and U.S. construction norms such that, to the extent possible both building codes are satisfied. When there is a conflict between the two sets of norms, it is the policy of United States Constructions

Mixed Commission that all infrastructure projects will meet the Italian norms. During

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There has been a tendency to design to the most stringent criteria when comparing U.S.

and Italian standards. The most stringent may not necessarily be measurable; in accordance with bilateral agreements establishing the

Construction Mixed Commission, and the procedures for establishing the U.S. right to request residual value for infrastructure that is returned to Italy, construction must meet regulatory certification requirements such as structural integrity load testing, fire prevention and safety, and others.

1.3.0 ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Standardizing electrical, mechanical, and communication equipment, as well as civil, structural and environmental design requirements will ensure construction of optimal quality. It will also reduce maintenance and replacement parts storage requirements and increase overall energy efficiency. The Unit System to be used for all design disciplines shall be the International

System of Units "SI" see ANNEX 7.

1.4.0 ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY

The visual environment conveys an image of

Aviano Air Base to visitors and assigned personnel. An attractive and harmonious design character and organization of buildings, roads, landscape, lighting, and signs conveys a positive, secure image of

Aviano Air Base as well as a professional military community and home base for assigned units. Maintaining the quality of the visual environment is one of the primary goals of the Base design standards.

The intent of this guide is to set a framework for a base-wide design theme that enhances the efficacy and aesthetic character of Aviano

Air Base. While engineering requirements will be standard throughout the base, architectural compatibility standards may be varied slightly (although still related) among the geographically separated areas of the

Base.

The architectural standards establish compatibility by:

- Serving as a common resource for Base personnel and consultants.

- Defining the engineering standards, architectural styles and site-related components of Aviano Air Base.

- Providing a single source of information about local climate and regional architectural character, while outlining specific design requirements, materials and site elements.

- Establishing a palette of standards to unify the varied aspects of the visual environment.

- Proposing the use of security design techniques that contribute to Wing's effectiveness during contingency situations.

- Addressing landscape issues and providing a plant list

- Providing a comprehensive list of code references specific for each design discipline.

- Formulating a set of standards that address environmental issues.

1.5.0 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENT (SDD)

Sustainable development for the Air Force is defined as a process of planning, programming, designing, constructing, operating, maintaining, and disposing/reusing facilities;

promoting high-performance buildings and energy efficiency; infrastructure that minimizes the environmental burden; and providing a healthy and safe working environment. In this way the Air Force ensures the "best fit" of the built environment to the natural environment. The U.S. Green Building

Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating system is the Air Force approach and metric to address sustainability. LEED provides a complete framework for assessing building performance and meeting sustainability goals. LEED organizes sustainable strategies in the following categories: Sustainable Sites; Water

Efficiency; Energy and Atmosphere; Materials and Resources; Indoor Environmental quality;

and Innovation and Design. The LEED rating system encourages a collaborative, integrated planning and design process, including initiating and maintaining an integrated project team in all stages of a project's planning and delivery; establishing performance goals for siting, energy, water, materials, and indoor environmental quality, along with other comprehensive design goals, and ensuring incorporation of these goals throughout the design and life-cycle of the building; and considering all stages of the building's life-cycle, including reuse and eventual deconstruction. The current Air

Force Sustainable Design and Development

(SDD) Policy memorandum requires that vertical new construction and major renovations projects (with climate control) can achieve LEED Silver level certification. In the case of building additions, this applies to portions of the facility within the scope of the project only. The policy further requires that

MILCON projects (horizontal, utility, and industrial) achieve a benchmark level of LEED credits, guidance for which is provided in the

Air Force Sustainable Design and

Development Policy memorandum.

1.6.0 ENERGY SAVING

U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Federal Energy

Management Program Energy Independence

& Security Act

The Energy Independence and Security Act of

2007 (EISA 2007) established energy management goals and requirements while also amending portions of the National

Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA). It was signed into law on December 19, 2007.

EISA 2007 sets Federal energy management requirements in several areas, including:

- Energy Reduction Goals for Federal

Buildings

- Facility Management/Benchmarking

- Performance and Standards for New

Building and Major Renovations

- High-Performance Buildings

- Energy Savings Performance Contracts

- Metering

- Energy-Efficient Product Procurement

- Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Reporting

- ReduciPetroleum/Increasing Alternative

Fuel Use

1.6.1 ENERGY REDUCTION GOALS FOR

FEDERAL BUILDINGS

Section 431 amends Section 543(a)(1) of

NECPA and adopts the energy intensity reduction goals of Executive Order (E.O.)

13423. The amended NECPA Section 543(a)(1) section now reads as follows:

(a) ENERGY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT

FOR FEDERAL BUILDINGS.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), each agency shall apply energy conservation measures to, and shall improve the design for the construction of, the Federal buildings of the agency (including each industrial or laboratory facility) so that the energy consumption per gross square foot of the Federal buildings of the agency in fiscal years 2006 through 2015 is reduced, as compared with the energy consumption per gross square foot of the Federal buildings of the agency in fiscal year 2003, by the percentage specified in the following table:

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Fiscal Year Percentage Reduction

2006 2

2007 4

2008 9

2009 12

2010 15

2011 18

2012 21

2013 24

2014 27

2015 30

Facility Management/Benchmarking

Section 432 amends Section 543 of NECPA and establishes a framework for facility project management and benchmarking.

Agencies must identify all "covered facilities" that constitute at least 75% of the agency's facility energy use. A covered facility may be defined as "a group of facilities at a single location or multiple locations managed as an integrated operation." An energy manager must be designated for each of these covered facilities.

Each facility energy manager will be responsible for:

Completing comprehensive energy and water evaluations of 25% of covered facilities each year, so that an evaluation of each facility is completed at least once every four years.

Following up on implemented measures, including fully commissioning equipment, putting operation and maintenance (O&M) plans in place, and measuring and verifying energy and water savings.

Using a DOE Web application to certify and track compliance for energy and water evaluations, project implementation and follow up measures, and estimated cost and savings. The Web application will be available to Congress, other Federal agencies, and the public, with some specific data exempted from disclosure for national security purposes.

Entering energy use data for each metered building into a benchmarking system, such as the ENERGY STAR® Portfolio Manager. DOE must select or develop the benchmarking system and issue guidance for its use.

Under Section 432, DOE is directed to issue guidelines on designating energy managers and criteria for covered facilities, as well as guidelines for project implementation and follow-up measures.

The Office of Management and Budget

(OMB) is responsible for issuing semiannual energy management scorecards based on the requirements of EISA Section 432 and make these scorecards available to Congress, other

Federal agencies, and the public.

Section 432 authorizes agencies to use appropriations, private financing, or a combination of appropriations and private financing to comply with its requirements.

1.6.2 PERFORMANCE AND STANDARDS

FOR NEW BUILDING AND MAJOR

RENOVATIONS

Section 323 amends Section 3307 of Title 40, United States Code, dealing with

Congressional approval of proposed projects.

It requires that the General Services

Administration (GSA), in transmitting to

Congress a prospectus of a proposed facility, must include:

". . . an estimate of the future energy performance of the building or space and a specific description of the use of energy efficient and renewable energy systems, including photovoltaic systems, in carrying out the project.”

In addition:

"with respect to space to be leased, [GSA] shall include, to the maximum extent practicable, minimum performance requirements requiring energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy.”

Section 323 also adds Section 3313 to Chapter

33 of Title 40 on the use of energyefficient lighting fixtures and bulbs in Federal buildings.

Section 433 directs DOE to issue revised

Federal building energy efficiency performance standards within one year of its enactment. The revised standards specify that

". . . (t)he buildings shall be designed so that the fossil fuel-generated energy consumption of the buildings is reduced, as compared with such energy consumption by a similar building in fiscal year 2003 (as measured by

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption

Survey or Residential Energy Consumption

Survey data from the Energy Information

Agency), by the percentage specified in the following table:

Percentage Year

55 2010

65 2015

80 2020

90 2025

100 2030

Section 433 also requires that sustainable design principles be applied to the siting, design, and construction of buildings subject to the standards. A certification system and level for green buildings shall be identified by

DOE in consultation with the Department of

Defense (DOD) and GSA based on Director of

Federal High-Performance Green Buildings

(GSA) findings.

Section 433 directs the Federal Acquisition

Regulatory Council to consult with the

Federal (GSA) and Commercial (DOE)

Directors of Federal High-Performance Green

Buildings to revise FAR within two years of enactment of the Act to require Federal officers and employees to comply with the

Act's provisions regarding acquisition, construction, or major renovations.

The Office of the Federal Procurement Policy is to issue new guidance providing direction and instructions to renegotiate the design of proposed facilities and major renovations for existing facilities to incorporate improvements that are consistent with

Section 433.

Section 434 requires that each Federal agency ensure that major replacements of installed equipment (such as heating and cooling systems) or renovation or expansion of existing space employ the most energy-efficient designs, systems, equipment, and controls that are life-cycle cost effective. Each

Federal agency shall:

(A) develop a process for reviewing each decision made on a large capital energy investment to ensure that the requirements are met; and

(B) report to the Director of the Office of

Management and Budget on the process established.

Section 435 prohibits Federal agencies, effective December 19, 2010, from leasing buildings that have not earned an ENERGY

STAR label. Exemptions are provided if:

No space is available in a labeled building that meets the functional requirements of an agency, including location needs

The agency proposes to remain in a building that it has occupied previously

The agency proposes to lease a building of historical, architectural, or cultural significance (as defined in section 3306(a)(4) of Title 40, United States Code) or space in such a building.

The lease is for no more than 10,000 gross square feet of space.

Section 523 requires 30% of the hot water demand in new Federal buildings (and major renovations) to be met with solar hot water h a p te r

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1.6.3 HIGH-PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

Section 436 directs the GSA to establish a

Federal High-Performance Green Building

Office and Advisory Committee with a

Federal Director to coordinate outreach with other agencies, establish green practices and standards for the Federal sector, review/analyze current Federal budget practices and life-cycle costing issues, certification of new and existing Federal facilities as high-performance green buildings, and make recommendations to Congress.

Section 421 directs DOE to establish a

Director and Office of High-Performance

Green Buildings (OBT) to coordinate information and outreach activities targeted at the commercial (non-Federal) sector.

Section 439 directs GSA to review the current use of and design a strategy for increased use of cost-effective lighting, ground source heat pumps, and other technologies in GSA facilities.

For the purpose of conducting life-cycle cost calculations, Section 441 increases the time period from 25 years in prior law to 40 years.

1.6.4 METERING

Section 434(b) amends Section 543(e)(1) of

NECPA by inserting after the second sentence the following:

"Not later than October 1, 2016, each agency shall provide for equivalent metering of natural gas and steam, in accordance with guidelines established by the Secretary under paragraph (2).

1.6.5 ENERGY SAVINGS PERFORMANCE

CONTRACTS

Congress demonstrated its interest in facilitating the use of energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) by Federal agencies in EISA Title V, Subtitle B. The provisions include the following:

Section 511 eliminates the advance

Congressional reporting requirement for

ESPCs that have a cancellation ceiling exceeding $10 million.

Section 512 increases ESPC funding flexibility by allowing a combination of appropriated funds and private financing.

Section 513 restricts Federal agencies from limiting the duration of ESPCs to less than 25 years or limiting the total amount of obligations. Further, this section permits the criteria for savings verification to satisfy the requirement for energy audits. It also directs

Federal agencies to modify existing ESPCs to conform to the requirements of this subtitle.

Section 514 permanently authorizes ESPCs.

Section 515 extends the definition of energy savings reduction to include increased use of an existing energy source by cogeneration or heat recovery, use of excess electrical or thermal energy generated from on-site renewable sources or cogeneration, and increased energy-efficient use of water resources.

Section 516 permits agencies to retain the full amount of energy and water cost savings obtained from utility incentive programs.

Section 517 authorizes $750,000 per year over five years for a program to train contract officers in negotiating ESPCs.

Section 518 directs the DOD and DOE to study the potential use of ESPCs in non-building applications, which is defined to include vehicles and Federally-owned equipment to generate electricity or transport water.

1.6.6 ENERGY-EFFICIENT PRODUCT

PROCUREMENT

EISA strengthens energy-efficient product procurement requirements with the following:

Section 522 prohibits, except under certain circumstances, the purchase of incandescent light bulbs for use in Coast Guard office buildings.

Section 524 encourages Federal agencies to minimize standby energy use in purchases of energy-using equipment.

Section 525 requires Federal procurement to focus on ENERGY STAR and FEMP-designated products.

Section 526 prohibits Federal agencies from procuring synfuel unless its life-cycle GHG emissions are less than those for conventional petroleum sources.

1.6.7 OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND

BUDGET REPORTING

Section 527 directs each Federal agency subject to any requirements under this title to issue an annual report that describes the status of initiatives to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Section 528 requires the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) to submit an annual report to Congress that:

Summarizes the information reported under

Section 527

Evaluates overall progress toward the goals of

Section 527

Recommends additional actions needed to meet those goals

1.6.8 REDUCING PETROLEUM/INCREASING

ALTERNATIVE FUEL USE

EISA Title I, Subtitle C, Section 141 amends

Section 303 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992

(EPAct 1992). It includes definitions for

Federal agency, medium-duty passenger vehicle, and member's representational allowance.

The section also prohibits Federal agencies from acquiring any light-duty motor vehicle or medium-duty passenger vehicle that is not

"a low greenhouse gas emitting vehicle" as defined in this subtitle. Alternatively, the agency may demonstrate that it has adopted cost-effective policies to reduce its petroleum consumption sufficiently to achieve a comparable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Section 142 requires Federal agencies to achieve at least a 20% reduction in annual petroleum consumption and a 10% increase in annual alternative fuel consumption by 2015 from a 2005 baseline. Interim milestones will be established by DOE and agencies will report annually on their progress.

Section 246 directs each agency to install at least one renewable fuel pump at each Federal fleet fueling center by 2010 and requires annual reporting to Congress on agency progress in complying with this requirement.

1.7.0 WATER CONSUMPTION

In accordance with Executive Order 13423 and

13414 beginning in FY 2008, reduce water consumption intensity, relative to the baseline of the agency's water consumption in fiscal year 2007, through life-cycle cost-effective measures by 2 percent annually through the end of fiscal year 2015 or 16 percent by the end of fiscal year 2015."

1.8.0 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

Memorandum For See Distribution - July

31 2007 - Air Force Sustainable Design and

Development (SDD) Policy

Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 08-13:

Incorporating Sustainable Design and

Development (SDD) and Facility Energy

Attributes in the Air Force Construction

Program dated 14 September 2008

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct05)

Executive Order 13423 - Strengthening

Federal Environmental, Energy, and h a p te r

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Transportation Management, 24 January

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part

433 (10 CFR 433), Energy Efficiency

Standards for the Design and Construction of New Federal Commercial and multi-family High-Rise Residential Buildings.

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part

434 (10 CFR 434), Energy Code for New

Federal Commercial and multi-family

High-Rise Residential Buildings.

EPAct 05, E.O. 13123, E.O. 13423 EISA 07

Summary /Crosswalk, 31 Jan 08

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part

436 (10 CFR 436), Federal Energy

Management and Planning Programs

Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy and Economic Performance Oc 5, Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Memorandum of Understanding

Federal Register Executive Order 13221—

Energy Efficient

Standby Power Devices

Federal Energy Management Program_

Energy Independence & Security Act

Federal Energy Management Program_

Energy Management Guidance

Federal Energy Management Program_

Energy Policy Act of 1992

Federal Energy Management Program_

Energy Policy Act of 2005

Federal Energy Management Program_

Executive Order 13221

Federal Energy Management Program_

Executive Order 13423

Federal Energy Management Program_

Executive Order 13514

Federal Energy Management Program_

Notices and Rules

FRN-40334_40340 - Metric - System-

Measurement-Interpretation-28 July 1998

CHAPTER 2 – BASE INFORMATION

2.1.0 INSTALLATION PROFILE

Aviano Air Base, home of the 31st Fighter Wing is the only U.S. Wing south of the Alps. This, and its strategic location, make the wing critical to operations in NATO's southern region. While supporting the mission is its primary focus, quality of life initiatives serve to improve overall morale, increasing capability and effectiveness.

In march 1999 the Base transitioned to provide full time operational capability with the

NATO-supported Aviano 2000 construction program providing state of the art Air Force

Operations, maintenance, and support facilities. The architectural design standards draw upon local inspiration to define a style meant to integrate post World War I era structures with later constructed buildings of various architectural styles.

2.2.0 LOCATION

Aviano Air Base located in the agricultural plains of northeastern Italy near the borders of

Austria and Slovenia. It is approximately 74 km northwest of Venice and 14 km north of

Pordenone. The foothills of the Italian Alps are just to the north of the Base.

The Base is 126 m Above Sea Level, 46° 02'N, 12°

37'E, WMO 16037

Countryside sorrounding Aviano Air Base

Main Square (“piazza”) in Aviano

Aviano Mountain Backdrop h a p te r

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2.3.0 CLIMATE

Local Climate shall be considered as part of the design process. Low level fog is common from November through April resulting in periods of limited visibility. Temperatures during the year are:

Average temperature for January: +2.8°C

Average temperature for July: + 22.5°C

Average temperature for year: +12.7°C

Maximum temperature: + 37.6°C

Minimum temperature: -15.8°C

From May through September, 63 thunderstorms occur on average with a high frequency of lightning strikes. Flooding can be a problem during the rainy season from

October through November. Regional temperatures are relatively mild in the winter and hot and humid in the summer.

Uncomfortable extremes are of short duration.

Night winds typically originate from the northeast during the night and from the southwest during the day. The prevailing summer wind is from the north-northeast at approximately 15 km/h. Winter wind speeds of

10 – 20 km/h are common. The highest recorded wind speed is 140 km/h. Annual precipitation averages 1500 mm. Generally no more than 25% of precipitation falls during the rainy season months of October and

November.

2.4.0 LOCAL DESIGN CHARACTER

While local cultural and design practices influence architectural standards for forms, colors and material selection, the facility design must primarily meet user needs. The design standards (site, architectural and landscaping) described in the following chapters unify the overall character of a visual district and unite structures which otherwise would not relate to one another, and visually relate the Base to its local context.

2.5.0 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

- Fifty Years of Friendship and Cooperation by TSgt Niklaas A. Waller Historian, 31st

Fighter Wing - 11-february 2005

- Army National guard DG 415-5 General

Facilities Information Design Guide

- UFC 3-400-02 Design: Engineering

Weather Data

- UNI 10349 Heating and Cooling of

Buildings. Climatic Data

- Aviano Plan My Move 20 Apr 09 31 FW

Heritage Pamphlet

Zulu Loop - Flightline

CHAPTER 3 – COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING

3.1.0 GENERAL

Architecture and Urban Planning are related endeavors that focus on different geographic scales. Architecture works at the scale of the individual building and immediate site, while planning works at the scale of neighborhoods, Base, confining areas, cities and region. In addition, planning has developed many specializations that focus on different aspects of the larger built environment, such as affordable housing, transportation, economic development, protection of natural resources, land use planning, and community development.

Planning emerged from a need to overcome the disease that were urban side effects of the Base growth. Planners therefore are concerned with a wide range of social, political, and economic factors beyond those that are the immediate concerns of building owners.

An important function of planning is to engage users in the process of developing a vision for how they want their community and its surrounding region to evolve over time, what attributes are important to protect, and where new development should be encouraged. The success of this process depends on listening, discovering shared values, and recognizing how the parts of a neighborhood, a base, or a region relate to one h a p te r

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G another and contribute to its overall vitality.

Planners then work with a variety of partners in the military, public, and private sectors to craft policies, land use regulations, and incentives to help the community achieve its goals.

The Architect in designing from a whole building design perspective, will be looking simultaneously at inside functional aspects, and how they might relate to the site conditions such as sun/wind/view orientation. Architects, Engineers, Landscape Architects, and other design professionals will work in conjunction with the planner to ensure that environmental, social, and economic issues directly affected by construction or redevelopment are looked at. These include the building's effect on the natural environment

(increased impervious surface, runoff, elevated water tables, preservation of wetlands and natural species, etc.), on the economy (increased tax base, more jobs, costs of schools generated by houses, etc.), community infrastructure (cost and timing of road and utility systems, different modes of transportation, etc.) and, in general, on all factors that affect the quality of life or residents of the larger area within which the individual building is situated.

In the process of ensuring architectural compatibility among buildings, it is easy to lose sight of the forest and trees. While adjacent buildings may be architecturally compatible, a broader perspective is needed to ensure that facilities are integrated through pedestrian and vehicular circulation systems, that space between structures is effectively utilized, and that the harmony between contiguous developments is compatible within the overall development framework of the Base.

This can be particularly difficult since some areas within the Base have distinct

Characters.

Common or unifying elements are essentials in order to integrate each of these disconnected areas. Potential friction exists at the peripheries of different districts and care must be taken to inter-relate them in keeping with the comprehensive plan. Edges and Boundaries, Routes, Open Spaces can serve as unifying elements throughout the Base and provide opportunities to integrate future development into the larger Comprehensive Plan

Framework.

Architects shall include provisions for a more comprehensive pedestrian circulation pattern to encourage a walkable community and connecting districts using greenways and walkable paths along descernable edges, encouraging sustainability and connectivity in site design and pattern.

3.2.0 THE AVIANO AIR BASE

3.2.1 GENERAL PLAN

AFI 32-7062, Air Force Comprehensive

Planning: The Aviano Air Base General Plan is the primary document guiding the growth and development of Aviano AB. As a component of the General Plan, the Aviano AB Design Guide shall support the goals and objectives articulated in the Plan. Conversely, the General

Plan should provide a cohesive vision as the foundation upon which the Design Guide can operate.

As either the General Plan or the Design Guide are update or changed, concurrent changes should be made in the other document to ensure compatibility. Before a project may be approved for siting, the standards applied in the

General Plan will help ensure that proposed projects are compatible with a host of elements, including the following:

- Adjacent land uses.

- Airfield imaginary surfaces.

- Noise and other environmental impact areas.

- Explosive Quantity Distance Arcs.

- Existing and future vehicular and pedestrian circulation systems.

- Existing and future infrastructure locations, sizes, and capacities.

- Future development locations.

Additionally, implementing the Aviano AB

General Plan will ensure the following:

- New facilities will be sited in their proper functional areas.

- New development will not overburden areas and will be served by adequate infrastructure, including roads and parking.

- Development proposals will permit the expansion of facilities.

- Natural features will be preserved.

- Desirable Views will be protected.

3.3.0 VISUAL DISTRICTS

3.3.1 GENERAL

The Base is divided into eight visually separated areas or neighborhoods known as Visual

Districts.

Visual districts are areas where design components create a consistent character. The districts are further defined in terms of land use and functions that share common characteristics.

Each area shall continue to develop its own character with regard to activities, functions, and location, yet relate to the Base as a whole.

Architectural elements that establish the physical appearance and character of visual districts and individual buildings are examined in the Architectural Design.

The visual districts include Areas A1, A2, C, D, E, F, G and Z. The following paragraphs briefly describe the functions and services specific to each district.

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3.3.2 VISUAL DISTRICT A1

Area A1 is a 174000 m2 area located less than one kilometer from the center of the town of Aviano at the base of the foothills that lead up to Piancavallo Mountain.

This area is visually related to Area A2 but separated by via Pedemonte, a local public road.

A pedestrian underpass connects areas A1 and A2.

The main gate entry for Area A1 is located on the East boundary from via Pedemonte.

Visual District A1 is characterized by primary and secondary activities related to Community Services:

- Bowling Center

- Chapel

- Child Development Center

- Community Bank

- Community Center

- Cyber Cafe

- DoDDS School

- Education Center

- Furniture Store

- Garden Store

- Hospital and Dental Clinic

- ITT (tours/travel) & Group Study

- Laundromat

- Library

- Mental Health/Family Advocacy

- Military Clothing Sales

- Mini Mall

- Pool

- Project Care Co-op

- Universities and Colleges

- Youth Center/Teen Center

Area A1, Aerial View

Area A1, Main Entry

Area A1, Pool Area

Area A1, Clinic

3.3.3 VISUAL DISTRICT A2

Area A2 is a 50000 m2 area in downtown Aviano located directly across the road from Area A1:

Visual District A2 is characterized by primary and secondary activities related to Community

Services:

- Airmen Leadership School (ALS)

- American Red Cross

- Buon Appetito Dining Facility

- DAPS

- Dormitories

- First Term Airmen's Center

- Non Appropriated Funds (NAF) Bldg

Area A2, Buon Appetito

Area A2, Aerial View

Area A2, Main Entry

Area A2, Building h a p te r

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3.3.4 VISUAL DISTRICT C

- Area C is a 30000 m2 site located on the outskirts of Aviano between Areas A1/A2 and area F.

- Visual District C is characterized by primary and secondary activities related to

Community Services:

- Civil Engineering Complex

- Self Help Store

Area C, Aerial View

Area C, Main Entry

Area A2, General View

3.3.5 VISUAL DISTRICT D

Area D is a 30000 m2, Community Recreation area near area E providing recreational opportunities for Base families in a secluded location.

Visual District D is characterized by primary and secondary activities related to Community

Services:

- Sport Fields

- Lodge

- Open Air Pavillon

- Supporting Facilities

- Playing Courts

- Community Playground

Area D Recreation Pavilion

Area D General View

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3.3.6 VISUAL DISTRICT E

Area E located along the main highway between

Areas A1/A2 and Area F (Flight-line).

- Contracting Squadron

- AFN (American Forces Radio Network)

- Carabinieri (Italian Police)

- CPO

- 401 AEG

- OSI

Area E Main Entry

Area E General View

Area E General View

3.3.7 VISUAL DISTRICT F

The 6900000 m2 Flightline area the most southern of the Base areas, is situated on the west side of the main highway between Aviano and Pordenone. Visual District D is characterized by primary and secondary activities related to Community Services:

- Airman & Family Readiness Center

- ATM (near bank/BX area)

- Airman's Attic

- Arts and Crafts Skills Center

- Auto skills Center

- Base Exchange

- Child Development Center

- Commissary

- Europcar (Rental Car)

- Global Credit Union

- Home Fuels

- Italian Bank (Banco Popolare)

- La Bella Vista Collocated Club

- Legal Office

- Lodging Office

- MPF (Military Personnel Flight)

- Pass and Registration

- Post Office

- Red Cross

- Shoppette

- Sato Flight Reservations

- Theater

- TMO

- Vehicle Inspections

- Vet Clinic

- WICO (Women Infants & Children Overseas)

- 31st Force Support Squadron (FSS)

Headquarters

- Thrift Store

- Airmen's Attic

- Area Defence Council (ADC)

- SARC

- EO

- IG

- AFSO21

- Union Representatives

- DRMO

- Commissary

- Base Exchange (BX)

- Temporary Living Facility

- Dormitories

- Consolidated Club

- Theater

- Post Office

- Child Development Center

- Warehousing

- Recreational Fields

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“Zappala” Area, Lodging Office

“Zappala” Area, Dormitories

“Zappala” Area, Theatre

“Zappala” Area, Post Office

A reaF,AerealView

AreaF,MainEntryGateN°7

AreaF,MainEntryGateN°9

“Zappala” Area, BX Commissary

3.3.8 VISUAL DISTRICT G

Area G is a 160000 m2 isolated munitions storage area located 1.5 km east of the main highway between Aviano and Pordenone.

3.4.0 EDGES AND BOUNDARIES

Edges Edges and boundaries are defined as land areas between different districts. In some instances, edges should be pronounced and a clear demarcation and separation between districts that have incompatible land uses should be emphasized. In other instances, edges offer the opportunity to provide a smooth transition between two districts and can serve to integrate them. Some planning aspects to consider for edges include the following:

Protect rural edges and open space vistas by maintaining the open character and responding to the colors and vernacular of the agricultural landscape.

Improve the urban edge by strengthening the relationship between adjacent buildings.

Improve boundary treatment with buffer planting and introduce local materials into landscape features.

Creative planning should consider the importance of a visual appraisal to respond to the importance of views out of the site.

Use edges as buffers between districts that are incompatible. Typical buffering elements may include open space, landscaping, fencing, building or road construction, etc.

Use the edges to ease the transition between districts that are different, but not incompatible. This may be achieved through creating or strengthening corridors (both vehicular and pedestrian/bike-ways), maintaining or creating views, landscaping, etc.

3.5.0 ROUTES

Define Primary roads by median tree planting and consistent surface materials to create an identifiable character. Improve the sense of arrival at gateways and thresholds to visual districts by introducing a change of surface material, low walls and simple planting.

Create new focal points and improve existing ones to aid site identity and orientation.

Establish a network of pedestrian greenways that follow the primary roadways and link nodes and open spaces. A secondary layer of pedestrian routes should be developed to encourage movement within the visual districts and reduce the need for unnecessary driving and road provision.

Roads should be constructed and repaired using permeable pavements, and all median planting should be indigenous species to reduce maintenance and water consumption.

3.6.0 OPEN SPACE

Protect existing vegetation. Create and improve open space around landmark buildings to establish a setting and a defined building frontage; open space as well as building massing is important to identify and enrich the character of a site.

Create a network of linked spaces both visually and physically to establish the framework of a campus setting with a rhythm and pattern of streets and spaces. All opportunities to define and articulate open spaces need to be exploited.

3.7.0 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

- AFI 32-7062 Air Force Comprehensive

Planning

- Army National Guard DG 415-5 General

Facilities information design guide

- Tri-Service Working Group March 1998

Report to the Congressional Defense

- GSA‘s Capital Program Project Planning

Guide

- UFC 2-000-02AN Installation Master

Planning

- UFC 1-200-01 General Building Requirements h a p te r

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- UFC 2-000-05N (P-80) Facility Planning

Criteria for Navy/Marine Corps Shore

Installation

CHAPTER 4-SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

4.1.0 INTRODUCTION

Sustainable design is not a reworking of conventional approaches and technologies, but a fundamental change in thinking and ways of operating and an integrated design approach and environmental stewardship for energy and water conservation use of recovered and recycled materials.

Sustainable means reducing recycling and reusing currently available resources to meet current needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Sustainability has come to forefront in the last

20 years. The concepts recognizes that the human civilization is an integral part of the natural world and that nature must be preserved and perpetuated if the human community itself is to survive.

Sustainable design applies the principles of conservation in our daily lives. It does not imply a loss in the quality of life, but requires a change in mind-set, a change in values toward less consumptive lifestyles. These changes must embrace global interdependence, environmental stewardship, social responsibility and economic viability.

Sustainable design must therefore use an alternative approach to the traditional design that incorporates these changes in mind-set.

The new design approach must recognize the impact of every design choice on the natural and cultural resources of the local regional and global environment.

The sustainable design formulated new criteria for the sustainability of green buildings through its leadership in energy and environmental design or LEED, green building rating system. The definition of environmental sustainability ranges from broad concepts that incorporate all aspects of sustainability

(meeting the needs of today without compromising those of future generations) to narrow definitions focused on one specific future, such as resource efficiency, occupant confort and well-being, and sensitivity, focusing mainly on the following tasks:

- Sustainable sites

- Water efficiency

- Energy and Atmosphere

- Material Resources

- Indoor Environmental Quality

- Innovation and Design Process

4.1.1 SUSTAINABLE SITES

Erosion and Sedimentation Control; Site

Selection; Development Density; Brownfield redevelopment; Alternative Transportation;

Reduced Site Disturbance; Storm-water management; Heat island effects; Light pollution reduction.

4.1.2 WATER EFFICIENCY

Water efficient landscaping; innovative waste-water technologies; Water use technologies;

Water use reduction.

4.1.3 ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

Fundamental building system commissioning;

Minimum energy performance; CFC reduction in HVAC&R equipment; Optimize energy performance; Renewable energy; Additional

Commissioning; Ozone protection;

Measurement and verification; Green Power.

4.1.4 MATERIAL RESOURCE

Storage and collection of recyclables; Building reuse; Construction waste management;

Resource reuse; Recycled content;

Local/Regional materials; Rapidly renewable materials; Certified woods.

4.1.5 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance; Environmental tobacco smoke

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