Final 09 21 16 Gypsum Board Assemblies.pdf

OFFUTT AIR FORCE BASE

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2010 by FEI

SECTION 09 21 16

GYPSUM BOARD ASSEMBLIES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

A. Work required under this section includes all labor, materials, tools and equipment necessary for and incidental to the complete and proper provision and installing of all gypsum board drywall systems as shown on the drawings or described in the specifications. Work within this section shall be completely coordinated with work of other trades.

B. Although such work is not specifically shown or specified, provide and install supplementary or miscellaneous items, appurtenances and devices incidental to or necessary for a sound, secure and complete installation.

C. Work within this section includes, but is not necessarily limited to the following:

1. Metal joist non - load bearing ceiling / soffit framing.

2. Gypsum board screw - attached to steel framing and furring members.

3. Gypsum board ceiling finish.

1.2 CODES, SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS

A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to extent referenced. Publications are referenced in the text by basic designation only. Any material or operation specified by reference to the published specifications of a manufacturer or other referenced specification or standard shall comply with the requirements of the latest edition. In case of a conflict between a referenced specification or standard and these project specifications the more stringent requirement shall govern.

B. Comply with the applicable provisions of the following codes, specifications and standards to the extent indicated by reference thereto.

1. American Iron and steel Institute - A.I.S.I. "Specification for the Design of Cold - Formed Steel

Structural Members" 1996 Edition

2. American National Standards Institute - A 108.11 "Interior Installation of Cementitious Backer

Units".

3. American National Standards Institute - A 118.9 "Cementitious Backer Units".

4. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM A 123 "Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot

- Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products".

5. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM A 153 / A 153M "Standard Specification for

Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware".

6. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM A 641 / A 641M "Standard Specification for

Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire".

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7. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM A 653 / A653M "Standard Specification for

Steel Sheet, Zinc - Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc - Iron Alloy - Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot

- Dip Process".

8. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM A 924 / A 924M "Standard Specification for

General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic - Coated by the Hot - Dip Process".

9. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM B 221 "Standard Specification for

Aluminum and Aluminum - Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes".

10. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 11 "Standard Terminology Relating to

Gypsum and Related Building Materials and Systems".

11. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 36 "Standard Specification for Gypsum

Wallboard".

12. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 79 "Standard Specification for Treated

Core and Nontreated Core Gypsum Sheathing Board".

13. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 423 "Standard Test Method for Sound

Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method".

14. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 475 "Standard Specification for Joint

Compound and Joint Tape for Finishing Gypsum Board".

15. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 514 "Standard Specification for Nails for the Application of Gypsum Board".

16. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 557 "Standard Specification for

Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing".

17. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 630 / C 630M "Standard Specification for

Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Board".

18. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 645 "Standard Specification for

Nonstructural Steel Framing Members".

19. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 754 "Standard Specification for

Installation of Steel Framing Members to Receive Screw - Attached Gypsum Panel Products".

20. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 834 "Standard Specification for Latex

Sealants".

21. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 840 "Standard Specification for

Application and Finishing of Gypsum Board".

22. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 919 "Standard Practice for Use of

Sealants in Acoustical Applications".

23. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 931 / C 931M "Standard Specification for

Exterior Gypsum Soffit Board".

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24. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 954 "Standard Specification for Steel Drill

Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Steel Studs from 0.033 in. (0.84 mm) to 0.112 in. (2.84 mm) in Thickness".

25. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 1002 "Standard Specification for Steel

Self - Piercing Tapping Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal Plaster

Bases to Wood Studs or Steel Studs".

26. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 1047 "Standard Specification for

Accessories for Gypsum Wallboard and Gypsum Veneer Base".

27. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 1177 / C 1177M "Standard Specification for Glass Mat Gypsum Substrate for Use as Sheathing".

28. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 1178 / C 1178M "Standard Specification for Coated Glass Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Panel".

29. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 1186 "Standard Specification for Flat

Non - Asbestos Fiber - Cement Sheets".

30. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 1288 "Standard Specification for Discrete

Non - Asbestos Fiber - Cement Interior Substrate Sheets".

31. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM C 1396 / C 1396M "Standard Specification for Gypsum Board".

32. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM D 226 "Standard Specification for Asphalt -

Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing".

33. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM D 1667 "Standard Specification for Flexible

Cellular Materials - Vinyl Chloride Polymers and Copolymers (Closed-Cell Foam)".

34. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 72 "Standard Test Methods of

Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction".

35. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 84 “Standard Test Method for Surface

Burning Characteristics of Building Materials”.

36. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 90 "Standard Test Method for Laboratory

Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements".

37. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 119 "Standard Test Methods for Fire

Tests of Building Construction and Materials".

38. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 413 "Classification for Rating Sound

Insulation".

39. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 488 "Standard Test Methods for Strength of Anchors in Concrete and Masonry Elements".

40. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 814 "Standard Test Method for Fire

Tests of Through - Penetration Fire Stops".

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41. American Society of Testing and Materials - ASTM E 1190 "Standard Test Methods for

Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installed in Structural Members".

42. Factory Mutual - "FM Approval Guide, Building Products".

43. Gypsum Association - GA 214 "Recommended Levels of Gypsum Board Finish".

44. Gypsum Association - GA 216 "Application and Finishing of Gypsum Board".

45. Gypsum Association - GA 600 "Fire Resistance Design Manual".

46. International Building Code - IBC 2006

47. Underwriter Laboratory - UL 263 "Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials".

48. Underwriter Laboratory - UL 2079 "Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems".

49. Underwriter Laboratory - "UL Fire Resistance Directory".

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Gypsum Board Terminology: Refer to ASTM C 11 for definitions of terms for gypsum board assemblies not defined in this Section or in other referenced standards.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Fire - Test - Response Characteristics: For gypsum board assemblies with fire - resistance ratings, provide materials and construction identical to those tested in assembly indicated according to ASTM E

119 by an independent testing and inspecting agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Fire - Resistance - Rated Assemblies: Indicated by design designations from FM's "Approval Guide, Building Products.", UL's "Fire Resistance Directory." OR GA - 600, "Fire Resistance Design Manual.".

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Manufacturer's Data - Gypsum Drywall Systems: Submit manufacturer's specifications and installation instructions for each type of gypsum drywall systems component, including other data as may be required to show compliance with these specifications.

B. Product Data - Metal Framing: Provide data describing standard framing member materials and finish, product criteria, load charts, and limitations.

C. Shop Drawings - Gypsum Drywall Systems: Show locations, fabrication, and installation of control and expansion joints including plans, elevations, sections, details of components, and attachments to other units of Work.

1.6 PRODUCT HANDLING

A. Coordinate delivery with installation to minimize storage periods at the project site. Deliver in manufacturer's unopened containers, bundles or packages, fully identified with manufacturer's name, brand, type, and grade.

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B. Store gypsum drywall materials inside, under cover and keep them dry and protected against damage from weather, direct sunlight, surface contamination, corrosion, construction traffic and other causes.

Neatly stack gypsum boards flat to prevent sagging.

C. Store metal framing materials off ground in a dry, well - ventilated area, covered or otherwise protected from physical damage. Support products in a manner to prevent bending or a deflection set.

D. Handle gypsum boards to prevent damage to edges, ends and surfaces. Do not bend or otherwise damage metal corner bead and trim.

1.7 JOB CONDITIONS

A. Examine all parts of supporting structure and conditions under which wallboard is to be installed. Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. Coordinate installation with work of other trades to allow time for correct installation of their work.

B. Establish and maintain environmental conditions for application and finishing gypsum board to comply with ASTM C 840 and with gypsum board manufacturer's written recommendations whichever are more stringent.

C. Minimum Room Temperatures: For non - adhesive attachment of gypsum board to framing, maintain not less than 60 degree F. For adhesive attachment and finishing of gypsum board, maintain not less than 60 degree F for 48 hours prior to application and continuously thereafter until drying is complete.

D. Ventilate building spaces to remove water not required for drying joint treatment materials. Avoid drafts during dry, hot weather to prevent materials from drying too rapidly.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS OF MATERIALS

A. Acceptable Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering products which may be incorporated in the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. Gypsum Board and Related Products:

a. American Gypsum Company.

b. BPB America Incorporated.

c. Georgia - Pacific Gypsum Corporation.

d. National Gypsum Company.

e. Temple - Inland Company.

f. United States Gypsum Corporation.

2. Steel Framing and Furring:

a. Clark Steel Framing Systems.

b. Dietrich Metal Framing.

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c. Marino Ware; Division of Ware Industries.

2.2 STEEL FRAMING GENERAL

A. Components, General: As follows:

1. Comply with ASTM C 754 for conditions indicated.

2. Steel Sheet Components: Complying with ASTM C 645 requirements for metal and with ASTM

A 653 / A 653M, G60 , hot - dip galvanized zinc coating.

B. All products shall be manufactured by the current members of the Steel Stud Manufacturers

Association.

C. All galvanized studs and joists shall be formed form steel that corresponds to the minimum requirements of 1996 A.I.S.I. standards.

D. All structural members shall be designed in accordance with the American Iron and steel Institute (AISI)

"Specification for the Design of Cold - Formed Steel Structural Members" 1996 Edition.

E. All 18 gage and lighter members shall be formed from steel corresponding to a type listed in the A.I.S.I.

"Specification for the Design of Cold - Formed Steel Structural Members", with a minim yield strength of

33 ksi unless specifically noted otherwise.

F. Structural properties and capacities of steel framing components shall be in accordance with the

A.I.S.I. "Specification for the Design of Cold - Formed Steel Structural Members".

G. All structural framing products shall be formed from steel possessing a coating corresponding to the minimum requirements of ASTM C 955.

H. All support clips and clip angles are 50 ksi, unless noted otherwise.

2.3 STEEL SUSPENDED CEILING AND SOFFIT

A. Traditional Steel Joist and Runners: Comply with ASTM C 645.

1. Minimum Base Metal Thickness / Gage: As indicated on drawings.

2. Width: As indicated on drawings.

B. Components, General: Provide fasteners of type, material, size, corrosion resistance, holding power and other properties required to fasten steel framing and furring members securely to substrates involved; complying with the recommendations of gypsum drywall manufacturers for applications indicated.

C. Tie Wire: ASTM A 641/ A 641M, Class 1 zinc coating, soft temper, 0.0625 inch diameter wire.

D. Hanger Attachments to Concrete: As follows:

1. Powder - Actuated Fasteners: Suitable for application indicated, fabricated from corrosion-resistant materials, with clips or other devices for attaching hangers of type indicated, and capable of sustaining, without failure, a load equal to [10] times that imposed by construction as determined by testing according to ASTM E 1190 by a qualified independent testing agency.

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E. Hangers: As follows:

1. Wire Hangers: ASTM A 641 / A 641M, Class 1 zinc coating, soft temper, 0.162 inch diameter.

2. Rod Hangers: ASTM A 510, mild carbon steel.

a. Diameter: 1/4 inch.

b. Protective Coating: ASTM A 153 / A 153M, hot - dip galvanized.

3. Flat Hangers: Commercial - steel sheet, ASTM A 653 / A 653M, G60, hot - dip galvanized.

a. Size: 1 by 3/16 inch by length required.

F. Furring Channels (Furring Members): Commercial - steel sheet with ASTM A 653 / A 653M, G60, hot -dip galvanized zinc coating.

1. Hat - Shaped, Rigid Furring Channels: ASTM C 645, 7/8 inch deep.

a. Minimum Base Metal Thickness / Gage: 0.0312 inch / 20 gage.

2.4 INTERIOR GYPSUM WALLBOARD

A. Panel Size: Provide in maximum lengths and widths available that will minimize joints in each area and correspond with support system indicated.

B. Gypsum Wallboard (Type X): Comply with ASTM C 36.

1. Available Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

a. Fire Bloc - American Gypsum Company

b. Pro Roc Type X - BPB America Incorporated

c. Tough Rock Fireguard - Georgia - Pacific Gypsum Corporation

d. GoldBond Fire - Shield Wallboard - National Gypsum Company

e. Fire - Rated Gypsum Wallboad - Temple - Inland Company

f. SHEETROCK BRAND - Firecode - United States Gypsum Corporation

2. Thickness: As indicated on drawings.

3. Long Edges: Tapered for pre - filling.

4. Location: Where indicated on drawings.

2.5 GYPSUM BOARD JOINT TREATMENT MATERIALS

A. General: Comply with ASTM C 475.

B. Joint Tape:

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1. Interior Gypsum Wallboard: Paper.

C. Joint Compound for Interior Gypsum Wallboard: For each coat use formulation that is compatible with other compounds applied on previous or for successive coats.

2. Pre - filling: At open joints, rounded or beveled panel edges, and damaged surface areas, use setting - type taping compound.

3. Embedding and First Coat: For embedding tape and first coat on joints, fasteners, and trim flanges, use setting - type taping compound or drying - type, all - purpose compound.

a. Use setting - type compound for installing paper - faced metal trim accessories.

4. Fill Coat: For second coat, use setting - type, sandable topping compound or drying - type, all -purpose compound.

5. Finish Coat: For third coat, use setting - type, sandable topping compound or drying - type, all -purpose compound.

2.6 TRIM ACCESSORIES

A. Interior Trim: Comply with ASTM C 1047.

6. Material: Galvanized or aluminum - coated steel sheet or rolled zinc.

7. Shapes:

a. Cornerbead: Metal Corner bead formed from zinc alloy, with flanges knurled and perforated or of fine - mesh expanded metal. Use at outside corners, unless otherwise

b. LC - Bead: J - shaped, steel edge trim formed from galvanized steel, complying with type “LC” Bead per Figure 1 of ASTM C840 with exposed long flange which receives joint compound.; use at exposed panel edges.

2.7 ACOUSTICAL SEALANT

A. Acoustical Sealant for Exposed and Concealed Joints: Non - sag, paintable, non - staining, latex sealant complying with ASTM C 834 and ASTM C 919 that effectively reduces airborne sound transmission through perimeter joints and openings in building construction as demonstrated by testing representative assemblies according to ASTM E 90 with surface burning characteristics as follows:

Flame Spread - 0 and Smoke Developed - 0.

8. Available Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be incorporated into the Work includes, but is not limited to, the following:

a. AC - 20 FTR Acoustical and Insulation Sealant - Pecora Corporation

b. SHEETROCK Acoustical Sealant - United States Gypsum Corporation

c. Or Approved Equal.

2.8 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS

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A. General: Provide auxiliary materials for gypsum drywall construction which comply with referenced standards and the recommendations of the manufacturer of the gypsum board.

B. Provide all accessories including, but not limited to, tracks, clips web stiffeners, anchors, fastening devices, resilient clips, and other accessories required for a complete and proper installation, and as recommended by the manufacturer for the steel members used.

C. Laminating Adhesive: Adhesive or joint compound recommended for directly adhering gypsum panels to continuous substrate.

D. Spot Grout: Comply with ASTM C475, setting - type joint compound of type recommended for spot grouting hollow metal door frames.

B. Fastening Adhesive for Metal: Special adhesive recommended for laminating gypsum boards to steel framing.

E. Fastening of components shall be with self - drilling screws or welding. Screws or welds shall be of sufficient size to insure the strength of the connection. All welds of galvanized steel shall be touched up with a zinc - rich paint. All welds of carbon sheet steel shall be touched up with paint. Wire tying of components shall not be permitted.

F. Gypsum Board Screws: Comply with ASTM C1002 unless otherwise indicated.

1. Use Type G - for fastening of gypsum board to gypsum board.

2. Use Type S - for fastening of gypsum board to light gage steel framing and furring.

3. Use Type W - for fastening of gypsum board to wood framing.

4. Use screws complying with ASTM C 954 for fastening panels to steel members from 0.033 to

0.112 inch thick.

5. For fastening cementitious backer units, use screws of type and size recommended by panel manufacturer.

G. Gypsum Board Nails: Comply with ASTM C514.

H. Asphalt Felt: Comply with ASTM D 226, Type I (No. 15 asphalt felt), non - perforated.

I. Closed - Cell PVC Gasket.

1. Provide closed - cell, flexible, self adhesive, non - extruding, polyvinyl chloride foam gaskets complying with ASTM D1667, Grade VE 41 BL (2 to 5 psi for 25 percent compression); except provide a higher compression deflection grade if necessary to maintain a watertight and airtight seal; provide pressure - sensitive adhesive on one face.

2. Subject to compliance with requirements, closed - cell PVC Gasket, that may be incorporated in the Work include, but are not limited to the following:

a. "Norseal V730," Norton Sealants

PART 3 - EXECUTION

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3.1 EXAMINATION

A. General: Install materials listed in accordance with manufacturer's specifications and recommendations when not in conflict with specific directions included herein.

B. Installation shall be done by experienced craftsmen trained to this type of work. Examine substrates to which drywall construction attaches or abuts, preset hollow metal frames, cast - in - anchors and structural framing, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of drywall construction. Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Suspended Ceilings: Coordinate installation of ceiling suspension systems with installation of overhead structure to ensure that inserts and other provisions for anchorages to building structure have been installed to receive ceiling hangers at spacing required to support ceilings and that hangers will develop their full strength.

1. Furnish concrete inserts and other devises indicated to other trades for installation in advance of time needed for coordination and construction.

B. Coordination of concealed construction, supplementary framing and bracing, and blocking:

1. Coordinate the location of all toilet accessories, toilet partitions, special items, cabinet work, case work or any other items which are to attach to and / or hang from partitions.

2. Coordinate the installation of anchors furnished by suppliers of the above mentioned items as well as blocking and backing as specified under Carpentry Section. Provide all necessary double studs, or studs spaced at 1/2 normal spacing to adequately support the weight of all items to be secured to or hung from the partitions.

3. Provide necessary anchors for items mentioned above that are not normally furnished with those items, and adequately secure all anchors to two or more studs before applying board.

4. The completed drywall partitions shall be constructed and adequately braced to withstand the weight of all equipment to be hung on the partitions in addition to all loads to be superimposed on that equipment.

5. Install supplementary framing, blocking and bracing at terminations in the work and for support of fixtures, equipment services, heavy trim, grab bars, toilet accessories, furnishings and similar construction to comply with details indicated and with recommendations of gypsum board manufacturer, or if none available, with "Gypsum Construction Handbook" published by

United States Gypsum Company.

C. When outdoor temperature is below 60 degrees F., heat shall be maintained in the building continuously and uniformly at not less than 60 degrees F. from one week prior to beginning of installation until the wallboard application and joint treatment is completed.

D. Ventilation, either natural or supplied by fans, circulators, or air conditioning system, shall be provided to remove excess moisture during joint treatment.

3.3 INSTALLATION STEEL FRAMING GENERAL

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A. Steel Framing Installation Standard: Install steel framing to comply with ASTM C 754 and with ASTM C

840 requirements that apply to framing installation.

B. All field cutting of members shall be done by sawing, plasma cutting or shearing. Torch cutting of cold formed members is unacceptable.

C. Contractor shall assemble the floor system in such a way that the knockouts align for mechanical runs and to ensure that knockouts do not occur within 6 inches of a bearing point due to field cutting.

D. Mechanical bridging, spaced at the intervals described herein, shall be installed prior to the attachment of sheathing materials.

E. For all tracks used in composite members such as beams and girders, the track must be installed as a single piece, no splicing permitted, unless otherwise noted.

F. When support clips are used to attach a component to the primary structure, the support clip is to be fastened to the support clip.

G. Support clips / hangers shall be installed per manufacturer's instructions.

H. Isolate steel framing from building structure at locations indicated to prevent transfer of loading imposed by structural movement.

1. Isolate ceiling assemblies where they abut or are penetrated by building structure.

2. Isolate partition framing and wall furring where it abuts structure, except at floor. Install slip -type joints at head of assemblies that avoid axial loading of assembly and laterally support assembly.

a. Use deep - leg deflection track where indicated or required to isolate top of walls from the structure.

3.4 INSTALLATION OF STEEL FRAMING FOR SUSPENDED CEILING FRAMING

A. Installation of Metal Joists

1. Joists shall be located directly over bearing studs or a load distribution member shall be provided at the top of the bearing wall.

2. Web stiffeners shall be provided at reaction points and / or points of concentrated loads where indicated on drawings.

3. Joist bridging shall be provided where indicated on the drawings.

4. Additional joist shall be provided under parallel partitions when the partition length exceeds one

- half the joist span, also around all floor and roof openings, which interrupt one or more spanning members unless otherwise noted.

5. End blocking shall be provided where joist ends are not otherwise restrained from rotation.

B. Installation Tolerances: Install steel framing components for suspended ceilings so members for panel attachment are level to within 1/8 inch in 12 feet measured lengthwise on each member and transversely between parallel members.

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C. Sway - brace suspended steel framing with hangers used for support.

D. Install suspended steel framing components in sizes and spacings indicated, but not less than that required by the referenced steel framing and installation standards.

1. Hangers: 24 inches on center.

2. Carrying Channels (Main Runners): 16 inches on center.

3.5 INSTALLATION OF GYPSUM WALLBOARD GENERAL

A. Gypsum Board Application and Finishing Standard: Install and finish gypsum board to comply with

ASTM C840 and GA - 216.

B. Tolerances for Drywall Work: Do not exceed a variation of 3/16 inch in 8 feet, and 1/8 inch in 4 feet, from plumb, level and flat (all directions); and do not exceed 1/16 inch offset of planes at joints between panels, shim panels as necessary to comply with tolerances. Architect shall require replacement of drywall systems which exceed the above allowable tolerances.

C. Wallboard shall not be installed until the building is enclosed and watertight. Wallboard damaged by water prior to final acceptance shall be totally removed and replaced at no additional cost to the Owner.

D. Install ceiling board panels across framing to minimize the number of abutting end joints and to avoid abutting end joints in the central area of each ceiling. Stagger abutting end joints of adjacent panels not less than one framing member.

E. Install gypsum panels with face side out. Butt panels together for a light contact at edges and ends with not more than 1/16 inch of open space between panels. Do not force into place.

F. Locate edge and end joints over supports, except in ceiling applications where intermediate supports or gypsum board back - blocking is provided behind end joints. Do not place tapered edges against cut edges or ends. Stagger vertical joints on opposite sides of partitions. Do not make joints other than control joints at corners of framed openings.

G. Attach gypsum panels to steel studs so leading edge or end of each panel is attached to open

(unsupported) edges of stud flanges first.

H. Attach gypsum panels to framing provided at openings and cutouts.

I. Space fasteners in gypsum panels according to referenced gypsum board application and finishing standard and manufacturer's written recommendations.

1. Space screws a maximum of 12 inches on center for vertical applications.

J. Space fasteners in panels that are tile substrates a maximum of 8 inches on center.

3.6 PANEL APPLICATION METHODS

A. Single - Layer Application:

1. On ceilings, apply gypsum panels before wall / partition board application to the greatest extent possible and at right angles to framing, unless otherwise indicated.

B. Single - Layer Fastening Methods: Apply gypsum panels to supports with steel drill screws.

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C. Install exposed gypsum board with face side out. Do not install imperfect, damaged or damp boards.

Butt boards together for a light contact at edges and ends with not more than 1/16 inch open space between boards. Do not force into place. Fit neatly and carefully.

D. Locate either edge or end joints over supports, except in horizontal applications where intermediate supports or gypsum board back - blocking is provided behind end joints. Position boards so that like edges abut, tapered edges against tapered edges and mill - cut or field - cut ends against mill - cut or field - cut ends. Do not place tapered edges against cut edges or ends. Stagger vertical joints over different studs on opposite sides of partitions.

E. Hold wallboard in firm contact with support while fasteners are being driven. Proceed with attachment from center of board toward ends and edges.

F. When it is necessary to field cut ends or edges, scribe and make cutouts neatly.

G. Attach gypsum board to supplementary framing and blocking provided for additional support at openings and cutouts.

H. Isolate perimeter of non - load - bearing drywall partitions at structural abutments. Provide 1/4 inch to

1/2 inch space and trim edge with "L-C" bead edge trim. Seal joints with acoustical sealant.

3.7 INSTALLATION OF DRYWALL TRIM ACCESSORIES

A. General: Where feasible, use the same fasteners to anchor trim accessory flanges as required to fasten gypsum board to the supports. Otherwise, fasten flanges to comply with manufacturer's recommendations.

B. Install corner beads at external corners.

C. Install metal edge trim whenever edge of gypsum board would otherwise be exposed or semi -exposed, and except where plastic trim is indicated. Provide type with face flange to receive joint compound except where "U" bead, semi - finishing type, is indicated.

1. Install "LC" bead where drywall construction is tightly abutted to other construction and back flange can be attached to framing or supporting substrate.

3.8 HOLES AND SPACES AROUND PENETRATIONS

A. Wallboard which extends above ceilings shall be completely taped both sides, but is not required to be filled or finished except as required for fire rating.

B. All partitions which are smoke partitions or which are fire rated shall have all spaces around ducts, pipes, structural members etc. sealed by filling with joint compound and taping or by application of "fire seal". Make sure all such closures are air tight.

C. All partitions which contain sound insulation shall continue up to the structural deck and be sealed thereto. At penetrations of ducts, pipes, structural members, etc. joints shall be sealed with acoustic sealant. Joints between electrical boxes and similar devices and the gypsum wallboard in such partitions as well as the space between electrical wires and the conduit wall and all other open spaces in the electrical box shall be sealed with acoustic sealant. All such joints shall be made air tight. The responsibility of the complete air - tightness of all such partitions shall be the responsibility of the

Contractor.

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3.9 FINISHING GYPSUM BOARD ASSEMBLIES

A. General: Treat gypsum board joints, interior angles, edge trim, control joints, penetrations, fastener heads, surface defects, and elsewhere as required to prepare gypsum board surfaces for decoration.

Promptly remove residual joint compound from adjacent surfaces.

B. Pre - fill open joints, rounded or beveled edges, and damaged surface areas.

C. Apply joint tape over gypsum board joints, except those with trim having flanges not intended for tape.

D. Gypsum Board Finish Levels: Finish panels to levels indicated below, according to ASTM C 840, for locations indicated:

1. Level 4: Embed tape and apply separate first, fill, and finish coats of joint compound to tape, fasteners, and trim flanges at panel surfaces that will be exposed to view, unless otherwise

3.10 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Above - Ceiling Observation: Before Contractor installs gypsum board ceilings, Architect will conduct an above - ceiling observation and report deficiencies in the Work observed. Do not proceed with installation of gypsum board to ceiling support framing until deficiencies have been corrected.

1. Notify Architect seven days in advance of date and time when Project, or part of Project, will be ready for above - ceiling observation.

2. Before notifying Architect, complete the following in areas to receive gypsum board ceilings:

a. Installation of ceiling support framing.

3.11 CLEANING AND PATCHING

A. Clean exposed drywall surfaces free of soil and stain that would affect finish.

B. Repair, or remove and replace defective work.

C. Remove all excess materials and debris from the site.

D. Provide final protection and maintain conditions, in a manner suitable to Installer, which ensures gypsum drywall construction being without damage or deterioration at time of Final completion.

END OF SECTION