Pest_Manage_Plan.pdf

Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, NEW JERSEY

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN

19 August 2011

POC: 87 CES/CEOIE

TECHNICAL REVIEW COVER SHEET

TITLE: 87th Civil Engineer Squadron Base Pest Management Plan

INSTALLATION: Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst (JB MDL), New Jersey

APPROVAL AND TECHNICAL REVIEW:

SEAN S. HUNT, SSgt, USAF

NCOIC, Pest Management

ROGER C. SMITH, GS-12, DAFC

Chief, Natural Resource Integration

KENNETH D. SMITH, GS-13, DAFC

Chief, Environmental

CHARLES D. KUHL, Lt Col, USAF

Commander, 87th Civil Engineer Squadron

PAMELA S. PAULIN, Major, USAF, BSC

Public Health Flight Commander

JAMES J. BURKS, Colonel, USAF

Commander, 87 th

Medical Group

GINA M. GROSSO, Colonel, USAF

Commander, 87

Air Base Wing

STEPHEN P. WOLF, Major, USAF

HQ AMC/A7OO, Command Medical Entomologist

DATE OF LAST ANNUAL REVIEW: September 2009

DATE OF LAST TECHNICAL APPROVAL: September 2008

PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst

(JB MDL)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. BACKGROUND

1. Purpose

2. Authority

3. Plan Maintenance

B. RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Commander

2. U.S. Army Health Clinic

3. 87

Medical Group—Public Health……………………………………...………...10

4. Installation Pest Management Coordinator

5. Pest Management Personnel/ Contractors

C. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

1. Legal Mandate………………………………………………………………………11

2. IPM Coordinator…………………………………………………………………….12

D. PRIORITY OF PEST MANAGEMENT WORK …………………………………13

1. Public Health Pests…………………………………………………………………..13

2. Pests Found in and Around Buildings……………………………………………….15

3. Structural Pests………………………………………………………………………16

4. Stored Product Pests…………………………………………………………………16

5. Noxious or Invasive Plants and Animals…………………………………………….16

6. Undesirable Vegetation………………………………………………………………18

7. Golf Course Pests…………………………………………………………………….18

8. Quarantine and Regulated Pests……………………………………………………...19

9. Vertebrate Pests………………………………………………………………………19

E. HEALTH AND SAFETY……………………………………………………………..20

1. Medical Surveillance of Pest Management Personnel………………………………..20

2. Hazard Communication……………………………………………………………….20

3. Personnel Protective Equipment………………………………………………………20

4. Fire Protection…………………………………………………………………………20

5. Pest Management Vehicle(s)…………………………………………………………..21

6. Protection of the Public………………………………………………………………..21

7. Pesticide Shop Health, Safety, and Hazard Surveys…………………………………..21

F. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS………………………………………….26

1. Sensitive Areas………………………………………………………………………...26

2. Endangered or Protected Species and Critical Habitats………………………………..26

3. Pesticide Spills and Remediation………………………………………………………27

G. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION…………………………………………………….27

1. Pest Management Operations…………………………………………………………..27

2. Contracts or Quality Assurance………………………………………………………...27

3. Outleases (Agricultural and Housing)………………………………………………….28

4. Interservice Support Agreements………………………………………………………28

5. Reports and Records……………………………………………………………………29

6. Training and Certification………………………………………………………………29

7. Pesticide Security………………………………………………………………………30

8. Emergency Disease Vector Surveillance and Control…………………………………30

9. Coordination (DoD, other Federal, State, and Local Agencies)……………………….30

H. SALE AND DISTRIBTION OF PETICIDES………………………………………..31

I. IPM REFERENCES AND LINKS……………………………………………………..31

J. APPENDICIES………………………………………………………………………….33

A. IPM Outlines……………………………………………………………………....TAB A

B. McGuire Pest Management Shop Annual Pesticide Use Proposal…………….….TAB B

C. Dix/Lakehurst Contractor Annual Pesticide Proposal………………………..…...TAB C

D. McGuire Golf Course Annual Pesticide Proposal………………………………...TAB D

E. Dix Golf Course Annual Pesticide Proposal………………………………………TAB E

F. United Communities/Belfour Beatty Annual Pesticide Plan……….………..……..TAB F

G. United Communities Annual Pesticide Proposal………………..…………………TAB G

H. JB MDL Grounds Maintenance Contractor Annual Pesticide Proposal…………..TAB H

I. Points of Contact…………………………………………………..……………….TAB I

J. JB MDL Natural Resources/Wetland Maps………………………………………...TAB J

K. Certificates of Training or Competency…………………………………………...TAB K

L. Lakehurst Golf Course Annual Pesticide Proposal………………………………...TAB L

M. Installation Pest Management Coordinator Appointment Letter…………………..TAB M

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

McGuire originated in 1941 as Fort Dix Army Air Force Base. Closed briefly after World

War II, it reopened in 1948 as McGuire Air Force Base. The base was named after Maj. Thomas

B. McGuire, Jr., Medal of Honor recipient, and the second leading ace in American history.

McGuire grew famous as the Air Force's "Gateway to the East," when its core mission became global mobility in 1945. In 1992, it became part of the newly reorganized Air Mobility

Command.

The 305 AMW served as the host wing from October 1994 to March 2009, when the newly activated 87 ABW assumed installation command.

The U.S. Air Force mission at McGuire AFB has always included the transportation of troops and supplies. Today, through the use of the C-17 Globemaster III, the KC-10 Extender and the KC-135 Stratotanker, Team McGuire maintains air mobility assets in a constant state of readiness and preparedness. Mission responsibilities include aerial refueling and moving troops, passengers, military equipment, cargo, and mail. This mission has carried McGuire AFB crews and aircraft throughout 50 countries around the globe including the republics of the former

Soviet Union, on an around-the-clock basis.

The 87 ABW (host unit) has several unit partners on McGuire that include: 305 AMW, 621 CRW, 514 AMW, 108 AW, 57th Weapons Squadron, 314th Recruiting Squadron, CAP Det

1, and the 373rd Training Squadron, Det 1. The 305th, along with the 21st Expeditionary

Mobility Task Force, 108 ARW (ANG), 621 CRW, and the 514 AMW (AFRES), has supported every major type of air mobility mission over the past 15 years and are essential to providing key elements of Team McGuire’s mission responsibility as the East Coast Mobility Center, providing

America’s Eastern Gateway for Global Reach.

The Dix installation originated in 1917 as Fort Dix, named in honor of Maj. Gen. John

Adams Dix, a veteran of the War of 1812 and the Civil War, and a former United States Senator, Secretary of the Treasury and Governor of New York. Dix has a history of mobilizing, training and demobilizing Soldiers from as early as World War I through the present day. In 1978, the first female recruits entered basic training at Fort Dix. In 1991, Dix trained Kuwaiti civilians in basic military skills so they could take part in their country's liberation.

Dix ended its active Army training mission in 1988 due to Base Realignment and Closure

Commission recommendations. It began a new mission of mobilizing, deploying and demobilizing Soldiers and providing training areas for Reserve and National Guard Soldiers. In

1994, the United States Air Force Mobility Warfare Center was established on Dix.

Fort Dix contains 30,697 acres located in central New Jersey within the boundaries of the

New Jersey Pinelands Management Area. As part of the US Army Reserve Command, Fort Dix currently provides training for Reserve and National Guard. 87 ABW has various mission partners to include the National Guard High Technology Training Center, Army Support

Activity, 72nd Field Artillery Brigade, 99th Regional Support Command, 2nd Brigade, 75

Division, U.S. Coast Guard Atlantic Strike Force Team, and others including USAF

Expeditionary Center, Military Entrance Processing Station, NCO Academy, and the Navy

Operational Support Center.

Lakehurst's history begins as a munitions-testing site for the Imperial Russian Army in

1916. It was then gained by the U.S. Army as Camp Kendrick during World War 1. The Navy purchased the property in 1921 for use as an airship station and renamed it Naval Air Station

Lakehurst.

The Navy's lighter-than-air program was conducted at Lakehurst through the 1930s.

During World War II, anti-submarine patrol blimps were operated from Lakehurst. Since the

1950s, aviation boatswain's mates have been trained at Lakehurst to operate catapults and arresting systems on aircraft carriers. Lakehurst conducts the unique mission of supporting and developing the Aircraft Launch and Recovery Equipment and Support Equipment for naval aviation. The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System and the Advanced Arresting Gear system that will replace the existing steam catapults and the Mk-7 arresting gear are being developed and tested at Lakehurst at full-scale shipboard representative test facilities here. Lakehurst’s Unit partners include: Naval Air Systems Command, Naval Air Warfare Center-Aircraft Division, Center for Naval Educational Training (CNATT), Naval Mobile Construction Battalion, 21st

Battalion, Army 1st Brigade Mid-Atlantic Recruiting Battalion, EAGLE FLAG, CERDEC, and

NJ Army National Guard Aviation Unit.

Lakehurst Naval Air Engineering Station is further to the east, bordering on Fort Dix, and encompasses 7,430 acres. The Fort Dix-McGuire AFB- NAES Lakehurst installations now form a large complex of 42,000 acres and efficiently make use of one another's resources under the

Joint Installation Partnership (JIP) agreement.

On 1 October 2009, installation management responsibilities transferred to the 87 ABW and Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst reached full operational capability in accordance with

BRACOS. All of these units make up what is now the first ever DoD Tri-Service Joint Base.

The Pest Management Plan describes the installation's pest management requirements, outlines the resources necessary for surveillance and control, and describes the administrative, safety and environmental requirements of the program. Pest management services are primarily provided by contract. The program utilizes DOD certified personnel to oversee the program, and administrator pest control contracts.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the selection, integration, and implementation of treatment methods based on predicted ecological, sociologic, and economic effects. IPM allows the usage of manual, mechanical, biological, prescribed burning, or chemical treatments. Non-chemical control efforts are used to the maximum extent possible before pesticides are used. The contents of this plan apply to all activities and individuals working, residing, or otherwise doing business on this installation, and will be implemented to the maximum extent possible. At no time will pest management operations be done in a manner that will cause harm to personnel.

Pest management responsibility begins with those individuals that occupy or maintain buildings https://ptfl-arcims.amc.ds.af.mil/website/GeoBase/epic/library/NAES%20Lakehurst/naesvisionplan_final_april_2003.doc http://www.lakehurst.navy.mil/nlweb/lakehurst-dix-mcguire.asp or open space on the installation. This plan is a working document and will be continually updated to reflect actual pest management practices.

The Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) describes the installation's pest management requirements, outlines the resources necessary for surveillance and management, and describes the administrative, safety and environmental requirements of the program. The program uses Department of Defense (DoD) certified pest controllers to manage pests, State certified contractors to manage noxious weeds on the installation, and base housing units use

State certified contract pest management technicians to control pests in family housing. Enclosed is a comprehensive pest management plan for JB MDL and its tenant units. The plan provides instruction for the pest management program and ensures compliance with the policies established by DoD and USAF. This plan is intended to be used as a guide in day-to-day pest management operations. It is applicable to all installation activities, personnel, tenants and contractors who conduct pest management on JB MDL. Health-related and wood destroying pests such as bees, wasps, termites and roaches cause the majority of work orders. Tree spraying for bagworms and other leaf defoliators (such as Japanese beetles) account for about 20 percent of the shop’s work (when applicable) during the spring, summer and fall months. Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) principles are applied to every phase of operations. The shop criteria are to use the control method that is the most economical, least hazardous to human health, and the least detrimental to the environment.

Pests included in the plan are weeds or other unwanted vegetation, crawling insects (ants, ticks, fleas, cockroaches, etc.), flying insects (mosquitoes, flies, wasps, etc.) spiders, mice, birds, and other vertebrate pests. Without control, these pests could interfere with the military mission, damage real property, increase maintenance costs, and expose installation personnel to diseases.

Actual pest management procedures are found in the Integrated Pest Management Outlines in

Appendix A

A. BACKGROUND

1. Purpose-This plan provides guidance for operating and maintaining an effective pest management program. Principles of integrated pest management are stressed in the plan.

Integrated pest management consists of the judicious use of both chemical and non-chemical control techniques to achieve effective pest management with minimal environmental contamination. It uses all appropriate technological and management techniques that bring about an effective degree of pest prevention and suppression in a safe, cost-effective, and environmentally sound manner. Adherence to the plan will ensure effective, economical, and environmentally acceptable pest management and will maintain compliance with pertinent laws and regulations. This plan works towards the fundamentals of both the Clean Water Act (1977) and the Endangered Species Act (1973) in the usage and application of chemicals. The use of this plan is designed to control or prevent pests and disease vectors that may adversely impact readiness or military operations by affecting the health of personnel or by damaging structures, materiel, or property.

The plan identifies elements of the program to include health and environmental safety, pest identification, pest management, as well as pesticide storage, transportation, use, and disposal.

This plan is to be used as a tool to reduce reliance on pesticides, to enhance environmental protection, and to maximize the use of integrated pest management techniques. In the

Comprehensive Pollution Prevention Strategy Memorandum (11 August 1994), the DoD is directed to take immediate action to implement the objectives. Pest management is addressed in

Object 3, sub-objective 10, which tasks the DoD to fully implement IPM throughout the DoD to reduce pesticide risk. Integrated pest management strategies found in Appendix A, are provided in order to comply with pesticide reduction on the installation. It will incorporate sustainable

IPM philosophy, strategies, and techniques in all aspects of DoD vector control and pest management planning, training, and operations including: installation pest management plans and other written guidance to reduce pesticide risk and prevent pollution.

2. Authority-The Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) is a framework through which pest management is defined and accomplished on the installation. It is written under the auspices of DoD Instruction Number 4150.07 “DoD Pest Management Program”, 29 May 2008. In addition, it incorporates Air Force Instruction 32-1053 “Integrated Pest Management Program”

23 June 2009. It is DoD policy to use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques in carrying out pest management activities and promote IPM through procurement and regulatory policies and other activities. Public Law 92-516 provides that “the Administrator, Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA), prescribe standards for certification of applicators of pesticides.”

However, EPA changed the Federal employee certification to individual agency plans.

Department of Defense (DoD) directive 4150.7-P, “DoD Plan for the Certification of Pesticide

Applicators”, is the DoD plan for certifying pest applicators. The directive applies to all employees applying a restricted use pesticide on DoD property. While DoD will not certify contractor personnel, the policies contained in this directive also apply to contractors for commercial pest control services.

3. Plan Maintenance-The integrated pest management plan is maintained by the

Installation Pest Management Coordinator. The plan is reviewed and updated annually to reflect all changes made in the pest management program. Pen and ink changes are made to the plan throughout the fiscal year. The entire plan will be revised and republished on the fifth anniversary date of this document. Annual updates of this plan will be reviewed by the 87 CES

Pest Management Shop, documented in MFR format, signed by the Operations Flight

Commander, and sent to the HQ AMC Command Medical Entomologist.

B. RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Civil Engineer Squadron Commander- The Civil Engineer Squadron Commander is responsible for designating a pest management coordinator for all installation pest management activities and approving the Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP). In addition, the Civil

Engineer Squadron Commander shall provide oversight and support of all installation pest management programs in accordance with all applicable DoD, Federal, state, and local pesticide and pest management regulations.

a. Designate and Installation Pest Management Coordinator for all pest management activities.

b. Approve and support this pest management plan.

c. Ensure that adequate funds and staffing are provided and committed to support installation pest management program requirements.

d. Provide facilities, equipment, and pesticides in accordance with DoDI 4150.07.

e. Support the DoD directive to reduce the amount of pesticides used on the installation.

f. Designate a Pest Management Coordinator for all pest management activities.

g. Ensure that installation pest management operations are performed by personnel who meet DoD standards for training and certification.

h. Provide pest management support for installation facilities, ground, airfield Bird/Wildlife

Air Strike hazard (BASH) mitigation measures, range operations, golf course maintenance, recreation areas, etc.

i. Ensure that all pest management operations are conducted safely and have minimal impact on the environment.

2. U.S Army Health Clinic-Preventive Medicine services and operations are managed by the

Environmental Health office at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey.

a. Conduct surveillance for pests that could adversely affect the health and welfare of the

Installation.

b. Coordinate with local health officials to determine the prevalence of disease vectors and other public health pests in the area surrounding the installation.

c. Evaluate the health aspects of the pest management program.

(Currently, the Preventive Medicine Clinic is slated to close on 30 June 2011, the decision whether to perform or transfer those Preventive Medicine responsibilities will be directed to

West Point).

3. 87

Medical Group Public Health

a. Conduct surveillance for pests that could adversely affect the health and welfare of the

Installation.

b. Coordinate with local health officials to determine the prevalence of disease vectors and other public health pests in the area surrounding the installation.

c. Evaluate the health aspects of the pest management program.

4. Installation Pest Management Coordinator (IPMC)

a. Coordinate with those conducting pest surveillance or controlling pests to ensure all applicable information is recorded and reported as required by this plan. Monitor the use of pesticides on the installation.

b. Function as a point of contact between those individuals who store and apply pesticides

(e.g., contractor's pest management personnel, self-help users) and activities or individuals who document or deal with pesticide use in their programs (e.g., Environmental Office, Bioenvironmental, Safety, Fire Department).

c. Monitor the certification of Pest Control Contractors and monitor the pest management awareness for those applying self-help pest control items.

d. Coordinate with local, State and Federal agencies, as necessary, to conduct the installation's pest management program.

e. Monitor all pest management operations to assure compliance with DoD objectives

f. Record and report all pest management operations.

5. Pest management Personnel/Contractors- All personnel applying chemicals on the installation must be DoD certified except for those contractors whom must be State certified.

a. Use integrated pest management techniques to the maximum extent possible.

b. Control pests according to the provisions of this plan.

c. Operate in a manner that minimizes risk of contamination to the environment and personnel.

d. Provide written records of amount of active ingredient applied to the IPMC on an annual basis.

e. Maintain certification and renew as required.

C. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN (IPMP)

1. Legal Mandate- This IPMP is written under the direction of DoD Instruction number

4150.07 “DoD Pest Management Program”, 29 May 2008 and AFI 32-1053 “Integrated Pest

Management Program 23 June 2009. IPMP is a method of choice for DoD pest management and disease vector control. It is a sustainable approach to managing pests and controlling disease vectors by combining applicable pest management tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks. IAW DoDI 4150.07, it is DoD policy to use IPMP techniques in carrying out pest management activities and promote IPMP through procurement and regulatory policies and other activities. IPMP will be used to prevent or control pests and disease vectors that may adversely impact readiness or military operations by affecting the health of personnel, or by damaging structures, materiel, or property. These regulations mandate the protection of real property and the health of all airman, soldiers, seamen, Marines, Coast Guardsmen, civilians, and family members from pests through use of integrated pest management strategies, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and reduce environmental risks from pesticides through proper storage, handling, application, and disposal of pesticides.

Monitoring and controlling pests that pose a threat to the health and safety of the installation population is critical. Regular or scheduled monitoring is used to determine if and when treatments are needed and employs physical, mechanical, educational, biological, cultural, regulatory, and chemical tactics to keep pest numbers low enough to prevent unacceptable damage or impacts. Treatments are not made according to a predetermined schedule and are made when and where monitoring has indicated that the pest will cause unacceptable economic, medical, or aesthetic damage. Treatments are chosen and timed to be most effective and least disruptive to natural control of pests. Least hazardous, but effective, pesticides are used as a last resort.

A comprehensive approach to pest management or prevention considers various chemical, physical, and biological suppression techniques; the habitat of the pest; and the interrelationship between pest populations and the ecosystem. Although IPM emphasizes the use of non-chemical strategies, chemical control may be an option used in conjunction with other methods. Integrated pest management strategies depend on surveillance to establish the need for control and to monitor the effectiveness of management efforts. Various types of non-chemical control strategies are used in conjunction with pesticide application to manage pests.

2. IPMP Operations- IPMP is based on seven steps that are routine procedures for addressing each pest problem. The steps are: 1) identification and assessment of pest or disease vector problems, 2) development of a written management plan or strategy that emphasizes natural controls and non-chemical tactics to deal with pest problems, 3) establishment of an action threshold for each problem to define when corrective action must be implemented, 4) use of a monitoring procedure, such as inspection, trapping, or surveillance, for each pest, 5) application of a corrective action when a threshold is reached, 6) use of a documentation system to catalogue monitoring information and document management problems, and 7) verification and evaluation procedures to ensure that the IPM program is meeting stated risk reduction measures.

There are five types of management strategies that are the heart of IPMP and are descriptive of the philosophy used at JB MDL to manage pests. While any one of these methods may solve a pest problem, often several methods are used concurrently, particularly if long-term management is needed. Chemical control is almost always a temporary measure and, in the long run, more expensive. Non-chemical control, which may initially be more expensive than chemicals, will usually be more cost effective in the long run. Non-chemical controls have the added advantage of being nontoxic, thereby reducing the risk to human health and the environment.

a. Mechanical Control- This type of control alters the environment in which a pest lives by trapping and removing the pests where they are not wanted, or excludes pests.

Examples of this type of control include: insect harborage elimination through caulking or filling voids, screening to exclude flying insects, mechanical traps or glue boards used to catch mice, and elimination of holes or openings that provide entry into buildings for insects and rodents.

Mowing, cutting, and grading to remove weeds, brush and other unwanted vegetation are examples of mechanical control methods used.

b. Physical Control- This type of control uses energy factors in the environment such as heat, cold, light, sound, etc. to kill pests or attract them to a killing mechanism. Bug lamps are an example of a physical control action.

c. Educational Control/Cultural Control- This type of control uses the careful non-chemical changes of the pest environment to make it less favorable and thereby managing its population. Strategies involve educating people (especially building custodians) to manipulating environmental conditions to suppress or eliminate pests. For example, elimination of food and water for pests through good sanitary practices is the most important cultural control method employed under this plan. General cleanliness in buildings, break rooms, storage areas, etc., prevents pest populations from becoming established or from increasing beyond a certain size.

Good sanitation will help to control insects and rodents in and around buildings. Another example is to discourage the feeding of feral animals.

d. Regulatory Control- This control strategy uses regulations and laws in areas to eradicate, prevent, or control infestations or reduce the damage created by pests. For example, we work closely with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to make sure

Japanese beetles are not transported to areas that currently do not have a Japanese beetle presence.

e. Chemical Control- Pesticides kill living organisms, whether plants or animals.

Chemicals were once considered the most effective control available, but pesticide resistance rendered many pesticides ineffective. In recent years, the trend has been to use pesticides that have limited residual action. This has been done at JB MDL whenever possible. Safer and less persistent chemicals are used where applicable instead of chemicals that remain active in the soil

(i.e. soil sterilants) for weeks or months following application. Vegetation control using herbicides accounts for the greatest pesticide usage on the installation. Herbicides are often applied only to the target plant instead of being broadcast over large land areas. In this manner, the chemicals are applied to the unwanted vegetation only, and are not applied to vegetated areas where the herbicide would be wasted. Calibration of spray equipment is stressed to ensure that pesticides are not over applied. JB MDL is committed to reducing the amount of pesticides applied through improved technologies that require less pesticide (whether in overall volume or by choosing chemicals with lower amounts of active ingredients) to get the same end result.

D. PRIORITY OF PEST MANAGEMENT WORK

Pest management requirements on this installation are characteristic of pest management issues at other installations in the mid-Atlantic region.

1. Public Health Pests

a. Ticks (Deer tick, black-legged tick, brown dog tick, etc.)- JB MDL has several thousand acres of training areas. The tick population in this region is a concern both as a nuisance and a disease threat. Areas such as where grassy fields meet stands of trees, bushes and shrubs, are favorite places for deer to feed and for mice to burrow. The Deer Tick is the number one vector for disease in this area due to its lush shrubbery and large population of deer. Personnel conducting outdoor activities can minimize tick exposure by wearing appropriate clothing, applying tick repellent and performing personal body inspections.

There are three major tick-borne diseases in the region: Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, and

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). A combination of an extended winter period and application of more stringent cultural controls such as trimming of heavy vegetation, cases have significantly decreased from previous years and none were reported to Pest

Management Shop this year. In general, chemical control of tick populations is not recommended. Stress should be placed on the use of personal protective measures followed by avoidance of tick habitat and habitat modification. Surveillance is necessary to determine the relative risk of exposure to tick borne diseases.

b. Mosquitoes- Mosquitoes are the second most important disease vectors in the region. A listing of mosquito species in the area, their habits, breeding sites and the diseases they are capable of transmitting can be obtained from local health authorities. The two primary disease threats come from Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) and West Nile (WN) virus.

Several indigenous species are recognized vectors of EEE and WN. In addition to the medical threat, mosquito populations may reach nuisance levels at which normal work and recreational activities may be negatively impacted. Threshold for management/control depends on weather and number of male and female pest found in monitoring areas.

Numbers ranging from 20 or greater of any pest justify control measures with a recommendation from the Public Health Office.

c. Fleas- Once the flea reaches adulthood its primary goal is to find blood. Adult fleas must feed on blood in order to reproduce. Adult fleas only have around a week to find food once they emerge, though they can survive two months to a year between meals. A flea population is unevenly distributed, with 50 percent eggs, 35 percent larvae, 10 percent pupae and 5 percent adults.

Their total life cycle can take as little as two weeks, but may be lengthened to many months if conditions are favorable. Female fleas can lay 500 or more eggs over their life, allowing for phenomenal growth rates. Fleas in this area are important to watch for because of flea borne disease. Base buildings have a possibility of getting fleas due to groundhog burrows nearby. There have been no flea problems reported in 2010. It is also important due to the numerous amounts of wooded areas on base that are used for training sites. PMS is dispatched through customer service to respond to any calls. The contractor is dispatched on Joint Base Dix Annex and Joint Base Lakehurst Annex via the

QAE.

d. Flies- Flies are a problem because they transmit filth from garbage to food areas and bacteria from these pests can cause various diseases. Flies have been a problem in food facilities particularly the Base Exchange Food court.

e. Mice- House, meadow, and deer mice occasionally invade buildings and cause damage to equipment, wiring, or other materials through gnawing or nest construction. The primary management techniques for controlling mice are exclusion and sanitation. Sticky traps are used in offices and are the main method used for controlling mouse infestations indoors, with secondary control achieved through the occasional use of poison mouse bait. House mice are not implicated as reservoirs of human disease, but deer mice (and other field rodents), in addition to the damage mentioned above, present a potential human health threat of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This disease results from the inhalation of the aerosolized virus found in the feces and urine of rodents, particularly deer mice

(Peromyscus maniculatus). Although this disease is relatively rare the high fatality rate (50 percent) makes it important.

2. Pests found in and Around Buildings

a. Roaches (German, American, Oriental)- Occasionally American and Oriental roaches are found but the German cockroach is a primary problem in and around buildings.

These roaches carry organisms that cause diarrhea, dysentery, and food poisoning. An integrated approach of inspection, sanitation, exclusion, and education is the preferred mean in dealing with this problem. Chemical control is used only as a last measure in controlling the infestation. Inspection and sticky traps are used once a month in all food facilities to monitor pest activities. Education of customers is a must for a successful preventive control.

Mechanical methods to seal off crack and crevices and enhanced sanitation practices where cockroaches may harbor are effective controls.

b. Wasps, hornets, bumblebees, yellow jackets- are found throughout the entire

Installation. Wasps and hornets are very frequent jobs in the summer months. The stings are painful and may cause allergic reactions in some people. Traps are set around sensitive areas like the Child Development Center because stinging insects pose more of a medical threat to children. Nests are found everywhere from electric boxes, light fixtures, and window sills.

c. Spiders (house spiders, wolf spiders, etc.)- Spiders are considered to be nuisance pests when they are not poisonous. When a problem is reported IPM measures are recommended and glue boards supplied. In 2007 a brown recluse case was present in one dorm room. The resident was medically confirmed to have a bite from this specific spider.

After investigation it was found that the individual had some boxes shipped from the mid-west that could explain where a spider would have come from. No other brown recluse cases have ever been reported in this area. Spiders are generally considered beneficial arthropods which predate on large numbers of insects and other small arthropod pests. Care must therefore be taken to prevent the necessary destruction of spiders. Spiders make attempts to bite humans as a last resort when threatened. Prior to determining an action decision in the treatment of spiders, the following factors must be taken into consideration

1. Species of spider involved

2. Degree or level of infestation

3. Consistency of infestation

4. Location of infestation

d. Crawling insects- (e.g., ants, earwigs, etc) require control in offices, break areas, warehouses and other buildings. Proper sanitation and good housekeeping are the best methods used to discourage these pests. These types of pests require very little control.

Screens on windows and doors, and elimination of openings to the outside of buildings, keep these pests at the minor nuisance level. Pesticides are used to augment non-chemical controls. Sanitation and on-site inspections are used for other nuisance pests.

3. Structural Pests

a. Subterranean termites- cause damage to wooden buildings and other structures on the installation and its supported facilities.

b. Carpenter ants- occasionally invade wooden structures, particularly where wet conditions exist. Damage is kept to a minimum by early detection of termite presence during annual surveys of wooden structures. Maintenance inspectors, building occupants and contracted pest controllers, conduct these surveys.

c. Carpenter bees- are a more common species that build their nests in burrows in dead wood, bamboo, or structural timbers. They use wood bits to form partitions between the cells in the nest. A few species bore holes in wood dwellings. The male is harmless since it does not have a stinger.

Female bees do have a stinger, but are preoccupied with foraging and will only return to the nest to stockpile. Female bees are not aggressive, and will not sting unless directly provoked. Since the tunnels are near the surface, structural damage is generally minor.

4. Stored Produce Pests- Stored Food Pests have not caused any problems. We contribute this success to a strong emphasis placed on stock rotation and proper supply discipline. Food facility personnel are educated at least once a year on storage and sanitation practices. Food items stored in the Commissary and Commissary warehouses, Post Exchange, and other food facilities may become infested by stored products pests. Good sanitation and inspection of incoming food items minimize stored product pest infestations. Insecticide treatments are used as a last resort to eliminate these problems. Some of the pests commonly found in stored food include: saw-toothed grain beetles, red flour beetles, pea weevils, and carpet beetles.

5. Noxious or Invasive Plants and Animals- Noxious weeds found on the installation or its supported property is controlled in accordance with Federal and State noxious weed laws.

When noxious weeds are encountered, care is taken to assure that nearby non-target plants are not adversely affected.

Table 5.1. Featured Invasive Plant Species of the Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas

Common Name Scientific Name Prevention and Control

Herbaceous Plants

Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata

Cutting flowering plants low to the ground in spring will prevent flowering and thus seed production. Several herbicides are also effective for its control.

Japanese knotweed

Polygonum cuspidatum

Mechanical and chemical methods are most commonly used to eliminate it. Glyphosate and triclopyr herbicides have been applied either to freshly cut stems or to foliage.

Japanese stiltgrass

Microstegium vimineum

Flowering plants can be cut back using a mower or weed whip prior to seed production. For extensive infestations, contact and systemic herbicides may be more practical and effective.

Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Use of contact or systemic herbicides is an option but should be done as early as possible to avoid impact to native plant species.

Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria

Spot treatment with a glyphosate type herbicide may be effective. Biological control, using several imported beetle species approved by the USDA for release, is the most effective method for long-term control of large infestations. This will be coordinated with the pest management office.

Shrubs

Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata

Cutting, in combination with herbicide application, is effective.

Hedges can be cut down using a brush type mower, chain saw, or similar tool, and stumps treated with a systemic herbicide like glyphosate or triclopyr.

Bush honeysuckles, exotic

Lonicera Mechanical and chemical methods are the primary means of control of exotic bush honeysuckles.

Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii

A weed wrench ® can be used to uproot older shrubs when soil is moist. Shrubs can also be mowed or cut repeatedly. Treatment with systemic herbicides like glyphosate and triclopyr has been effective.

Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora

Several contact and systemic herbicides are effective in controlling multiflora rose. Two naturally occurring biological controls affect multiflora rose to some extent: a native fungal pathogen (rose-rosette disease) and a non-native seed-infesting wasp, the European rose chalcid.

Privets Ligustrum species Small plants can be dug out. For larger plants, spray leaves with glyphosate herbicide or paint on freshly cut stumps.

http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/alpe.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/pocu.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/mivi.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/rafi.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/lysa.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/elum.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/loni.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/loni.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/beth.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/romu.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/ligu.htm

Common Name Scientific Name Prevention and Control

Wineberry

Rubus phoenicolasius

Wineberry can be controlled through mechanical means or by treating the canes with a systemic herbicide like glyphosate or triclopyr.

Winged burning bush

Euonymus alata

Mechanical and chemical means are available to control established plantings. Shrubs can be repeatedly cut to the ground to control re-sprouts, or cut and treated with systemic herbicides like glyphosate and triclopyr.

Trees

Bradford pear

Pyrus calleryana

'Bradford'

Small trees need to be dug up or pulled out, ensuring removal of the root system. Large trees should be cut down and stumps treated with an appropriate systemic herbicide (e.g., glyphosate or triclopyr), or ground up to prevent resprouting.

Norway maple Acer platanoides

Seedlings can be pulled by hand and small to large trees can be cut to the ground, repeating as necessary to control any re-growth from sprouts. Glyphosate and triclopyr herbicides have been successfully used.

Princess tree

Paulownia tomentosa

Young plants can be hand-pulled but larger trees need to be cut at ground level with power or manual saws. Systemic herbicides have also been used to control this plant.

Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima

Targeting large female trees for control will help reduce spread by seed. Young seedlings may be pulled or dug up, preferably when soil is moist.

Vines

English ivy Hedera helix A systemic herbicide like triclopyr may be applied to foliage or cut stems.

Kudzu

Pueraria montana v.

lobata

Mechanical methods include cutting vines just above ground level, frequent mowing and cultivation. Use of systemic herbicides is the most effective and practical method currently employed.

Mile-a-minute

Polygonum perfoliatum

Contact and systemic herbicides are effective in controlling it.

Oriental bittersweet

Celastrus orbiculatus Vines can be pulled out by the roots, cut repeatedly or treated with systemic herbicides.

Porcelainberry

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata

Vines on trees can be cut to prevent seed formation and further damage to trees. Systemic herbicides are also effective.

Wisterias, exotic

Wisteria sinensis, W.

floribunda

Cutting can be employed for small infestations, or to relieve trees of the weight and damage caused by large twining vines. Use of systemic herbicides (e.g. triclopyr) is probably a more effective method for larger infestations.

Source: NPS 2002 http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/ruph.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/eual.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/eual.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/pyca.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/acpl.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/pato.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/aial.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/hehe.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/pumo.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/pope.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/ceor.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/ceor.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/ambr.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/wist.htm

6. Undesirable Vegetation- Weeds along fence lines, on road shoulders, paved surfaces

(including runways), around buildings, parade grounds, DV routes, etc., require control using appropriate herbicides. Some control of unwanted plants is done mechanically (mowing, weed eaters, etc.).

7. Golf Course Pests- Various insect pests, which cause damage or destruction of the plants, can infest trees and shrubs. Gypsy moths and tent caterpillars are a yearly problem. Other pests in this category may also require occasional control. The most commonly observed form of this pest is the spindle-shaped silk bag camouflaged with bits of foliage, bark and other debris. Completed bags range from 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 inches long. The larva within the bag is brown or tan, mottled with black, and the bee-like adult males have clear wings and fur covered bodies. The females remain larva-like and do not emerge from the bag. The larva may stick its head and front legs out of the top of the bag to feed and move. When disturbed, the larva immediately pulls its head into the bag and holds the opening closed. Mature larvae may stay on their host plant or drag their bags some distance before firmly attaching the bag for transformation into the adult stage. Bagworm females cannot fly and local populations can build rapidly when established on preferred hosts, especially arborvitae, cedar and juniper.

Crowded larvae may eat the buds on these conifers causing branch dieback and open, dead areas. Excessive defoliation of these conifers may cause entire plant death during the following season. Moderate defoliation is unsightly. This pest rarely builds up large populations in forested areas. The mature larvae usually attach their bags to a branch by wrapping extra silk, which does not decay rapidly. This band of silk may girdle the branch as it grows, resulting in dead branches several years later. Be sure to cut off this silk band when removing bags from a plant. There are a number of trees, not just on the golf course, that can become infected with this pest. There are several juniper trees located adjacent to the ALS building and several sycamore trees located along the main street from the base main entrance all the way to the

PAX terminal that becomes a host to these bagworms.

8. Quarantine and Regulated Pests- Japanese beetles are quarantine pests that are closely monitored in New Jersey by the USDA. The Pest Management Coordinator works with the local USDA inspector(s) to determine if the pests are on the installation through annual placement of traps installation wide every summer. If applicable, the Pest Management

Coordinator will work with USDA personnel on requirements regarding inspection of cargo disembarking the installation for the presence of eggs, larvae, or adult insects which the USDA has prohibited from leaving the geographic area surrounding the installation. The local USDA inspector will be notified, and further disposition of the material will be made following a joint inspection. Control measures are initiated when surveys reveal the presence of pest is great enough to cause substantial damage to plant life. Treatment of aircraft is initiated on the recommendation of the USDA. In the past this pest has been a problem due to the number of

Linden trees on base. The PMS has been responsible for spraying all trees that are identified to be sprayed by USDA personnel. The USDA also coordinates the disinsection of all aircraft cargo. This pests requires close monitoring and tracking due to its potential quarantine issues

(87 ABW SPLAN 298-03 for Japanese Beetle Treatment).

9. Vertebrate Pests (including BASH)

a. Stray cats occasionally need to be captured on the installation. Stray animal control is performed by the Pest Management Shop on McGuire, and the Pest contractor takes care of the Dix and Lakehurst areas of JB MDL. McGuire has a partnership with Ocean County

Animal Shelter. They take in all stray/feral cats captured on McGuire.

b. Ground hogs, deer, skunks, raccoons, squirrels, snakes periodically require control and are live trapped and relocated to non-populated areas on the installation. Dead wildlife is buried in areas away from training activities.

c. The Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Program- complies with AFI 91-

202 and AFPAM 91-212 and is designed to reduce the bird/wildlife aircraft strike hazard at

McGuire with emphasis on Lakehurst’s airfield to minimize aircraft exposure to potentially hazardous bird/wildlife strikes. At the base there are several common bird types that might be present and pose a hazard: gulls, hawks, owls, falcons, blackbirds, starlings, rufous-sided towhee, pigeons, doves, ducks, geese, woodpeckers, crows, wild turkey, sparrows/house sparrows, chickadee, meadowlark, killdeer, tufted titmice, and common grackle. (Reference

Appendix L for the signed and latest updated version of the JB MDL BASH Plan.) A copy of the current Joint Base Bash Plan can be found at the link listed below.

https://eim.amc.af.mil/org/305se/sef/BASH/Forms/AllItems.aspx?RootFolder=%2forg%2f305se%2fsef% 2fBASH%2fBASH%2fBASH%20Plan%20%28JBMDL%2091%2d212%29%202%20April%202010&FolderCTI D=&View=%7bCC55E8DB%2d3B07%2d425D%2dA547%2dD9EBCC7D6DE6%7d

E. HEALTH AND SAFETY

1. Medical Surveillance of Pest Management Personnel- All personnel who apply pesticides on the installation (excluding housing and contractors) are included in a medical surveillance program. This program consists of the following elements: an initial, pre-employment physical examination is conducted to establish that the individual is physically capable of wearing a respirator (if required) and to establish a baseline red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase level; and an annual physical including appropriate bloodwork. The physical examination includes liver and kidney function tests, a complete blood count and a respiratory evaluation. A physical examination of the same scope as the initial examination is conducted annually along with all immunization requirements. All Government pesticide applicators are medically monitored by the appropriate occupational health section located in building 3458

(87

MDG).

2. Hazard Communication- Installation personnel who handle pesticides are given hazard communication training, to include hazardous materials in the workplace.