Attachment 5 MAHG211127 Pavement Marking Attach C.pdf

SECTION 32 17 23- PAVEMENT MARKINGS Page 1

Attachment C- MAHG22-1026

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 32

EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS SECTION 32 17 23

PAVEMENT MARKINGS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

1.2 SUBMITTALS

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.3.1 Regulatory Requirements

1.3.2 Qualifications

1.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE

1.5 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

1.5.1 Environmental Requirements

1.5.1.1 Weather Limitations for Application

1.5.1.2 Weather Limitations for Removal of Pavement Markings on Roads and Automotive Parking Areas

1.5.2 Traffic Controls

1.5.3 Airfield Traffic Control and Airfield Radio Communication

1.5.4 Airfield Emergency Landing and Takeoff

1.5.5 Lighting

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 EQUIPMENT

2.1.1 Application Equipment

2.1.1.1 Paint Application Equipment

2.1.1.1.1 Hand-Operated, Push-Type Machines

2.1.1.1.2 Self-Propelled or Mobile-Drawn Spraying Machine

2.1.1.2 Thermoplastic Application Equipment

2.1.1.2.1 Thermoplastic Material

2.1.1.2.2 Application Equipment

2.1.1.2.3 Mobile Application Equipment

2.1.1.2.4 Portable Application Equipment

2.1.1.3 Reflective Media Dispenser

2.2 MATERIALS

2.2.1 Waterborne Paint

2.2.2 Epoxy Paint

2.2.2.1 Formulation

2.2.2.2 Composition

2.2.2.3 Epoxide Value

2.2.2.4 Total Amine Value

2.2.2.5 Toxicity

2.2.2.6 Daylight Directional Reflectance

2.2.2.7 Laboratory Drying Time

2.2.2.8 Curing

2.2.2.9 Adhesion to Concrete

2.2.2.10 Hardness

2.2.2.11 Abrasion Resistance

2.2.2.12 Tensile Strength

2.2.2.13 Compressive Strength

2.2.3 Thermoplastic Compound

2.2.3.1 Composition Requirements

2.2.3.2 Primer

2.2.4 High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC)

2.2.5 Reflective Media

2.2.5.1 Reflective Media for Roads

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

3.1.1 Testing for Moisture

Attachment 5 FA301023R0032

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SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 32

EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS SECTION 32 17 23

PAVEMENT MARKINGS

3.1.2 Surface Preparation Demonstration

3.1.3 Test Stripe Demonstration

3.1.4 Application Rate Demonstration

3.1.5 Retroreflective Value Demonstration

3.1.6 Level of Performance Demonstration

3.2 EXTERIOR SURFACE PREPARATION

3.2.1 Early Painting of Rigid Pavements

3.3 APPLICATION

3.3.1 Paint

3.3.1.1 Waterborne Paint

3.3.1.1.1 Airfields

3.3.2 Thermoplastic Compound

3.3.2.1 Primer

3.3.2.2 Reflective Media

3.3.3 Cleanup and Waste Disposal

3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

3.4.1 Sampling and Testing

3.4.2 Material Inspection

3.4.3 Dimensional Tolerances

3.4.4 Bond Failure Verification

3.4.5 Reflective Media and Coating Application Verification

3.4.6 Retroreflective Markings

3.4.7 Material Bond Verification and Operations Area Cleanup for Airfields

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

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SECTION 32 17 23

PAVEMENT

MARKINGS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

(AASHTO)

AASHTO M 247 (2013) Standard Specification for Glass Beads

Used in Pavement Markings

AASHTO M 248 (1991; R 2012) Standard Specification for Ready-

Mixed White and Yellow Traffic Paints

AASHTO M 249 (2012; R2016) Standard Specification for White and Yellow Reflective Thermoplastic Striping Material (Solid Form)

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM D471 (2016a) Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Effect of Liquids

ASTM D476 (2015) Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide

Pigments

ASTM D522/D522M (2017) Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings

ASTM D638 (2014) Standard Test Method for Tensile

Properties of Plastics

ASTM D695 (2010) Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

ASTM D711 (2010; R 2015) No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint

ASTM D823 (2018) Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings, and Related Products on Test Panels

ASTM D1652 (2011; E 2012) Standard Test Method for Epoxy

Content of Epoxy Resins

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ASTM D2074 (2007; R2013) Standard Test Methods for Total, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amine Values of Fatty Amines by Alternative Indicator Method

ASTM D2240 (2015; E 2017) Standard Test Method for

Rubber Property - Durometer Hardness

ASTM D2621 (1987; R 2016) Standard Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids from Solvent- Reducible Paints

ASTM D2697 (2003; R 2014) Volume Nonvolatile Matter in

Clear or Pigmented Coatings

ASTM D3335 (1985a; R 2020) Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D3718 (1985a; R 2015) Low Concentrations of

Chromium in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

ASTM D3924 (2016) Standard Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing

Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials

ASTM D3960 (2005; R 2013) Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings

ASTM D4060 (2019) Abrasion Resistance of Organic

Coatings by the Taber Abraser

ASTM D4061 (2013) Standard Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coatings

ASTM D4280 (2012) Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised, Retroreflective Pavement Markers

ASTM D4383 (2012) Standard Specification for Plowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers

ASTM D4505 (2012; R 2017) Standard Specification for

Preformed Retroflective Pavement Marking Tape for Extended Service Life

ASTM D4541 (2017) Standard Test Method for Pull-Off

Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers

ASTM D6628 (2003; R 2015) Standard Specification for Color of

Pavement Marking Materials

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ASTM D7234 (2012) Standard Test Method for Pull-Off

Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers

ASTM E1347 (2006; R 2020) Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference Measurement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry

ASTM E1710 (2011) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement

Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer

ASTM E2177 (2011) Standard Test Method for Measuring the

Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Wetness

ASTM E2302 (2003; R 2016) Standard Test Method for

Measurement of the Luminance Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination of Pavement Marking Materials Using a Portable Reflectometer

ASTM G154 (2016) Standard Practice for Operating

Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

INTERNATIONAL CONCRETE REPAIR INSTITUTE (ICRI)

ICRI 03732 (1997) Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Overlays

MASTER PAINTERS INSTITUTE (MPI)

MPI 32 (2012) Traffic Marking Paint, S.B.

MPI 97 (2012) Traffic Marking Paint, Latex

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL (SAE)

SAE AMS-STD-595A (2017) Colors used in Government Procurement

U.S. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)

FAA AC 150/5370-10 (2018; Rev H; Errata 1 2019) Standard

Specifications for Construction of Airports

U.S. FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION (FHWA)

MUTCD (2009; Rev 2012) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control

Devices

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SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 32

EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS SECTION 32 17 23

PAVEMENT MARKINGS

U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)

FS TT-B-1325 (Rev D; Notice 1; Notice 2 2017) Beads (Glass Spheres) Retro-Reflective (Metric)

FS TT-P-1952 (2015; Rev F; Notice 1) Paint, Traffic and Airfield Markings, Waterborne

1.2 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" or "S" classification.

Submittals not having a "G" or "S" classification are for Contractor Quality Control approval. for information only. When used, a code following the "G" classification identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-03 Product Data

Surface Preparation Equipment List

Application Equipment List

Exterior Surface Preparation

Safety Data Sheets; G

Reflective media for airfields; G

Waterborne Paint; G

Solventborne Paint; G

Thermoplastic compound; G

Raised Pavement Markers Primers and Adhesives; G

SD-06 Test Reports

Reflective Media for Airfields; G

Waterborne Paint; G

Solventborne Paint;

Thermoplastic Compound; G

Raised Pavement Markers Primers and Adhesives; G

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SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 32

EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS SECTION 32 17 23

PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Test Reports

SD-07 Certificates

Qualifications;

Waterborne Paint

Solventborne Paint

Thermoplastic Compound

SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions

Waterborne Paint; G

Solventborne Paint; G

1.3

Thermoplastic Compound; G

QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.3.1 Regulatory Requirements

Submit certificate stating that the proposed pavement marking paint meets the Volatile Organic Compound, (VOC) regulations of the local Air Pollution Control District having jurisdiction over the geographical area in which the project is located. Submit Safety Data Sheets for each product.

1.3.2 Qualifications

Submit documentation certifying that pertinent personnel are qualified for equipment operation and handling of applicable chemicals. The documentation should include experience on five projects of similar size and scope with references for all personnel.

1.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE

Deliver paint materials, thermoplastic compound materials, and reflective media in original sealed containers that plainly show the designated name, specification number, batch number, color, date of manufacture, manufacturer's directions, and name of manufacturer.

Provide storage facilities at the job site, only in areas approved by the Contracting Officer, for maintaining materials at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer. Make available paint stored at the project site or segregated at the source for sampling not less than 30 days prior to date of required approval for use to allow sufficient time for testing.

Notify the Contracting Officer when paint is available for sampling.

1.5 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

1.5.1 Environmental Requirements

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1.5.1.1 Weather Limitations for Application

Apply pavement markings to clean, dry surfaces, and unless otherwise approved, only when the air and pavement surface temperature is at least 5 degrees F above the dew point and the air and pavement temperatures are within the limits recommended by the pavement marking manufacturer. Allow pavement surfaces to dry after water has been used for cleaning or rainfall has occurred prior to striping or marking. Test the pavement surface for moisture before beginning work each day and after cleaning. Do not commence marking until the pavement is sufficiently dry and the pavement condition has been approved by the Contracting Officer.

Employ the "plastic wrap method" to test the pavement for moisture as specified in paragraph

TESTING FOR MOISTURE.

1.5.1.2 Weather Limitations for Removal of Pavement Markings on Roads and Automotive Parking Areas

Pavement surface must be free of snow, ice, or slush; with a surface temperature of at least 40 degrees F and rising at the beginning of operations, except those involving shot or sand blasting or grinding. Cease operation during thunderstorms, or during rainfall, except for waterblasting and removal of previously applied chemicals. Cease waterblasting where surface water accumulation alters the effectiveness of material removal.

1.5.2 Traffic Controls

Place warning signs conforming to MUTCD near the beginning of the worksite and well ahead of the worksite for alerting approaching traffic from both directions. Place small markers along newly painted lines or freshly placed raised markers to control traffic and prevent damage to newly painted surfaces or displacement of raised pavement markers.

Mark painting equipment with large warning signs indicating slow-moving painting equipment in operation.

When traffic must be rerouted or controlled to accomplish the work, provide necessary warning signs, flag persons, and related equipment for the safe passage of vehicles.

1.5.3 Airfield Traffic Control and Airfield Radio Communication

Airfield Traffic Control: Coordinate performance of all work in the controlled zones of the airfield with the Contracting Officer and Airfield Manager. Neither equipment nor personnel can use any portion of the airfield without permission of these officers unless the runway is closed.

Airfield Radio Communication: No personnel or equipment will be allowed in the controlled zones of the airfield until radio contact has been made with the control tower and permission is granted by the control tower. A radio for this purpose will be provided by the Government.

The Contractor is responsible for the radio and must reimburse the Government for repair or replacement of the radio if it is lost, damaged, or destroyed. Always maintain contact with the control tower during work in vicinity of the airfield.

Notify the control tower when work is completed and all personnel, equipment and materials have been removed from all aircraft operating surfaces.

1.5.4 Airfield Emergency Landing and Takeoff

Emergencies take precedence over all operations. Upon notification from the control tower of an emergency landing or imminent takeoff, stop all operations immediately and evacuate all personnel and equipment to an area not utilized for aircraft traffic which is

SECTION 32 17 23- PAVEMENT MARKINGS Page 9 at least 250 feet measured perpendicular to and away from the near edge of the runway unless otherwise authorized by the Contracting Officer. Equipment and chemicals or detergents as well as excess water must be able to be removed from the work area within 3 minutes.

1.5.5 Lighting

When night operations are necessary, provide all necessary lighting and equipment.

Direct or shade lighting to prevent interference with aircraft, the air traffic control tower, and other base operations.

Provide lighting and related equipment capable of being removed from the runway within 15 minutes of notification of an emergency. Night work must be coordinated with the Flight Operations Manager or Airfield Manager and approved in advance by the Contracting Officer. The Government reserves the right to accept or reject night work on the day following night activities by the Contractor.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 EQUIPMENT

2.1.1 Application Equipment

Submit application equipment list appropriate for the material(s) to be used. Include manufacturer's descriptive data and certification for the planned use that indicates area of coverage per pass, pressure adjustment range, tank and flow capacities, and all safety precautions required for operating and maintaining the equipment. Provide and maintain machines, tools, and equipment used in the performance of the work in satisfactory operating condition or remove them from the work site. Provide mobile and maneuverable application equipment to the extent that straight lines can be followed, and normal curves can be made in a true arc.

2.1.1.1 Paint Application Equipment

2.1.1.1.1 Hand-Operated, Push-Type Machines

Provide hand-operated push-type applicator machine of a type commonly used for application of water-based paint or two-component, chemically curing paint, thermoplastic, or preformed tape, to pavement surfaces for small marking projects, such as legends and crosswalks, automotive parking areas, or surface painted signs. Provide applicator machine equipped with the necessary tanks and spraying nozzles capable of applying paint uniformly at coverage specified. Hand operated spray guns may be used in areas where push-type machines cannot be used.

2.1.1.1.2 Self-Propelled or Mobile-Drawn Spraying Machines

Provide self-propelled or mobile-drawn spraying machine with suitable arrangements of atomizing nozzles and controls to obtain the specified results. Provide machine having a speed during application capable of applying the stripe widths indicated at the paint coverage rate specified herein and of even uniform thickness with clear-cut edges.

2.1.1.2 Thermoplastic Application Equipment

2.1.1.2.1 Thermoplastic Material

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Apply thermoplastic material with equipment that can provide continuous uniformity in the dimensions and reflectorization of the marking.

2.1.1.2.2 Application Equipment

a. Provide application equipment capable of continuous mixing and agitation of the material, with conveying parts which prevent accumulation and clogging between the main material reservoir and the extrusion shoe or spray gun. All parts of the equipment which come into contact with the material must be easily accessible and exposed for cleaning and maintenance. All mixing and conveying parts up to and including the extrusion shoes and spray guns must maintain the material at the required temperature with heat-transfer oil or electrical-element-controlled heat.

b. Provide application equipment constructed to ensure continuous uniformity in the dimensions of the stripe. Provide an applicator with a means for cleanly cutting off stripe ends squarely and providing a method of applying "skiplines."

Provide equipment capable of applying varying widths of traffic markings.

c. Provide mobile and maneuverable application equipment allowing straight lines to be followed and normal curves to be made in a true arc. Provide equipment used for the placement of thermoplastic pavement markings of two general types: mobile applicator and portable applicator.

d. Equip the applicator with a pressurized or drop-on type bead dispenser capable of uniformly dispensing reflective glass spheres at controlled rates of flow. The bead dispenser must operate automatically to begin flow prior to the flow of binder to assure that the strip is fully reflectorized.

2.1.1.2.3 Mobile Application Equipment

Provide a truck-mounted, self-contained pavement marking machine that is capable of hot applying thermoplastic by either the extrusion or spray method. Equip the unit to apply the thermoplastic marking material at temperatures according to the manufacturer's instructions, at widths varying from 3 to 12 inches, with an automatic pressurized or drop-on bead dispensing system, capable of operating continuously, and of installing a minimum of 20,000 lineal feet of longitudinal markings in an 8-hour day.

a. Equip the mobile unit with a melting kettle which holds a minimum of 6000 pounds of molten thermoplastic material; capable of heating the thermoplastic composition to temperatures as recommended by the manufacturer. Use a thermostatically controlled heat transfer liquid. Heating of the composition by direct flame is not allowed. Oil and material temperature gauges must be visible at both ends of the kettle.

b. Equip mobile units for application of extruded markings with a minimum of two extrusion shoes; located one on each side of the truck, capable of marking simultaneous edge line and centerline stripes; each being a closed, oil-jacketed unit;

holding the molten thermoplastic at a temperature as recommended by the manufacturer; and capable of extruding a line of 3 to 8 inches in width; and at a thickness of not less than 0.120 inch nor more than 0.190 inch, of generally uniform cross section.

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c. Equip mobile units for application of spray markings with a spray gun system capable of marking simultaneous edgeline and centerline stripes. Surround (jacket) the spray system with heating oil to maintain the molten thermoplastic at a temperature of 375 to 425 degrees F, capable of spraying a stripe of 3 to 12 inches in width, and in thicknesses varying from 0.060 inch to 0.098 inch, of generally uniform cross section.

e. Equip the mobile unit with an electronic programmable line pattern control system, capable of applying skip or solid lines in any sequence, through any and all of the extrusion shoes, or the spray guns, and in programmable cycle lengths.

In addition, equip the mobile unit with an automatic counting mechanism capable of recording the number of lineal feet of thermoplastic markings applied to the pavement surface with an accuracy of 0.5 percent.

2.1.1.2.4 Portable Application Equipment

Provide portable hand-operated equipment, specifically designed for placing special markings such as crosswalks, stop bars, legends, arrows, and short lengths of lane, edge and centerlines; and capable of applying thermoplastic pavement markings by the extrusion method. Equip the portable applicator with all the necessary components, including a materials storage reservoir, bead dispenser, extrusion shoe, and heating accessories, capable of holding the molten thermoplastic at the temperature recommended by the manufacturer, and of extruding a line of 3 to 12 inches in width, and in thickness of not less than 0.120 inch nor more than 0.190 inch and of generally uniform cross section.

2.1.1.3 Reflective Media Dispenser

Attach the dispenser for applying the reflective media to the paint dispenser and designed to operate automatically and simultaneously with the applicator through the same control mechanism. The bead applicator must be capable of adjustment and designed to provide uniform flow of reflective media over the full length and width of the stripe at the rate of coverage specified in paragraph APPLICATION.

2.2 MATERIALS

Use waterborne paint for airfield markings. Use waterborne paint for roads. Use non-reflectorized waterborne paint for automotive parking areas. The maximum allowable VOC content of pavement markings is 150grams per liter. Color of markings are indicated on the drawings and must conform to ASTM D6628 for roads and automotive parking areas and SAE AMS- STD-595A for airfields. Provide materials conforming to the requirements specified herein.

2.2.1 Waterborne Paint: FS TT-P-1952, Type I.

2.2.2 Epoxy Paint

2.2.2.1 Composition

The component A of both white and yellow must be within the following limits:

TABLE

I

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White Yellow

Pigments Minimum 18 percent by weight Titanium Dioxide (ASTM D476, Type

II)

21-27 percent by weight

Epoxy Resin 75-82 percent 73-79 percent

The epoxy resin must be free of lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium and other toxic heavy metals as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency. Submit a manufacturer's certification of compliance with this requirement.

2.2.2.2 Epoxide Value

Determine epoxide epoxy number of the epoxy resin in accordance with ASTM D1652 for white and yellow component A on pigment free basis. The epoxide number must be within plus or minus 50 of the published manufacturer's standard.

2.2.2.3 Total Amine Value

Determine the amine number on the curing agent (component B) in accordance with ASTM D2074. The amine number must be within plus or minus 50 of the published manufacturer's standard.

2.2.2.4 Toxicity

Upon heating to application temperature, the material must not produce fumes which are toxic or injurious to persons or property.

2.2.2.5 Daylight Directional Reflectance

Directional reflectance of white and yellow paint (without glass beads) in accordance with ASTM E1347: White 84 percent Yellow 55 percent.

2.2.2.6 Laboratory Drying Time

The epoxy pavement marking material must have a maximum no-pick-up time of 30 minutes when tested in accordance with ASTM D711.

2.2.2.7 Curing

The epoxy material must be capable of fully curing under a constant surface temperature of 45 Degrees F or above.

2.2.2.8 Adhesion to Concrete

The catalyzed epoxy pavement marking material must have a high degree of adhesion to the specified concrete surface (100 percent concrete failure) when tested according to ASTM D7234. The concrete substrate must have a minimum compressive strength of 4,000 psi. Condition prepared specimens at a temperature of 75 plus or minus 2 Degrees F for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours prior to performance of the test.

2.2.2.9 Hardness

Epoxy pavement marking materials must have a Shore D Hardness between 75 and 100 when tested in accordance with ASTM D2240. Cure the samples at 75 plus or minus 2

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Degrees F for a minimum of 72 hours and a maximum of 96 hours prior to performing the tests.

2.2.2.10 Abrasion Resistance

The wear index for a catalyzed sample must not exceed 82 when tested in accordance with ASTM D4060 using a 1000-gram load, CS-17 wheels and a test duration of 1000 cycles. Run the test on cured samples of material which have been applied at a film thickness of 15 plus or minus 0.5 mils to code S-16 stainless steel plates. Cure the samples at 75 plus or minus 2 Degrees F for a minimum of 48 hours prior to performing the tests.

2.2.2.11 Tensile Strength

Epoxy pavement marking materials must have a tensile strength of at least 6,000 psi when tested in accordance with ASTM D638. Cast the Type IV specimens in a suitable mold and pull at the rate of 1/4 inch per minute using a suitable dynamic testing machine. Cure the samples at 75 plus or minus 2 Degrees F for a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 48 hours prior to performing the tests.

2.2.2.12 Compressive Strength

Catalyzed epoxy pavement marking materials must have a compressive strength of at least 12,000 psi when tested in accordance with ASTM D695. Condition the cast sample at 75 plus or minus 2 Degrees F for a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 48 hours prior to performing the tests. The rate of compression of these samples must not exceed 1/4 inch per minute.

2.2.3 Thermoplastic Compound

2.2.3.1 Composition Requirements

Thermoplastic compound must conform to AASHTO M 249. Formulate the binder component as an alkyd resin.

2.2.3.2 Primer

a. Asphalt concrete primer: Provide thermosetting adhesive primer with a solids content of pigment reinforced synthetic rubber and synthetic plastic resin dissolved or dispersed in a volatile organic solvent for asphaltic concrete pavements. The solids content must not be less than 10 percent by weight at 70 degrees F and 60 percent relative humidity. A wet film thickness of 0.005 inch, plus or minus 0.001 inch, must dry to a tack-free condition in less than 5 minutes.

b. Portland cement concrete primer: Provide an epoxy resin primer for Portland cement concrete pavements, of the type recommended by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic composition.

2.2.4 High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC)

Formulate High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC) to meet the requirements of Table II.

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TABLE II - REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH BUILD ACRYLIC

COATINGS (HBAC)

TEST MINIMUM REQUIREMENT (AND

MAXIMUM WHERE INDICATED)

Resin System (ASTM D2621) Waterborne 100 percent Acrylic Percent Volume Solids (ASTM D2697) 58 percent Volatile Organic Compound, max. (

ASTM D3960)

1.25 lbs/gal

White (SAE AMS-STD-595A) 37925 Yellow (SAE AMS-STD-595A) 33538 Shore D Hardness (ASTM D2240) 45

1/8 inch Mandrel Bend at 5 mils Dry Film Thickness (DFT, one-week cure ( ASTM D522/D522M, Method B)

No visual defects at bend (Conditions at ASTM D3924)

Adhesion to Concrete and Asphaltic Pavements (ASTM D4541)

140 psi or 100 percent cohesive failure in pavement

Accelerated Weathering, Yellow, 2500 Hours UV Exposure (ASTM G154: see note 1)

Max. color loss to 33655 (

SAE AMS-STD-595A)

Water Absorption at 168 Hours Immersion Tap Water (ASTM D471)

9.0 percent max. weight increase (conditions at ASTM D3924)

Application at 1650 microns 65 mils Wet,One Coat, One-week Cure, (see note 2)

No visual cracking or curling (conditions at ASTM D3924)

No Pick-Up at 630 microns 25 mils (

ASTM D711)

Wet 10 minutes max.

Lead (ASTM D3335) 0.06 percent max.

Cadmium (ASTM D3335) 0.06 percent max.

Chromium (ASTM D3718) 0.00 percent

Notes:

(1) Properly mix and apply yellow paint at 250 microns plus or minus 50 microns 10 mils plus or minus 2 mils DFT over a suitably sized, clean aluminum substrate (ASTM D823), and cure for a minimum of 48 hours: prepare four individual yellow samples. Expose three samples to continuous Ultraviolet (UV) light for 2500 hours, without cycles condensation, in accordance to ASTM G154:

use UVA-340 lamps in the testing apparatus. Following exposure, compare the three exposed samples to the "one" non-exposed sample using SAE AMS-STD- 595A colors 33538 and 33655 as visual references: evaluate exposed samples for degree of visual color loss. Yellow paint is rated as passing if each exposed sample appears equivalent to the non-exposed sample, and in addition, displays color loss no greater than SAE AMS-STD-595A color 33655.

(2) Using double-stick, foam mounting tape (or equal) with a nominal thickness of 65 mils, apply a rectangular mold with inner dimensions of 3 in by 10 into a clean aluminum sample approximately sized at 6 in by 12 in by 1/8 in. Do not remove the tape's plastic backing. Mix and apply excess paint into mold.

Remove excess paint, by squeegee or other appropriate draw down technique, to a uniform thickness equal to the tape's height. Perform paint application and draw down within a period of no more than 60 seconds. Approximately one to two minutes following the draw down, remove tape from sample and allow coating to cure for a minimum period of one week ASTM D3924. Using a micrometer or other appropriate device, measure cured coating thickness (less sample thickness) to confirm resulting coating application was at or above 38 mils DFT. Inspect

SECTION 32 17 23- PAVEMENT MARKINGS Page 15 coating for visual signs of cracking and curling. Following a one week cure, the coating is rated as passing if applied greater than 38 mils DFT and visually free of both cracking and curling.

2.2.5 Reflective Media

2.2.5.1 Reflective Media for Roads

FS TT-B-1325, Type I, Gradation A

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

3.1.1 Testing for Moisture

Test the pavement surface for moisture before beginning pavement marking after each period of rainfall, fog, high humidity, or cleaning, or when the ambient temperature has fallen below the dew point. Do not commence marking until the pavement is sufficiently dry and the pavement condition has been approved by the Contracting Officer or authorized representative.

Employ the "plastic wrap method" to test the pavement for moisture as follows: Cover the pavement with a 12 inch by 12-inch section of clear plastic wrap and seal the edges with tape. After 15 minutes, examine the plastic wrap for any visible moisture accumulation inside the plastic. Do not begin marking operations until the test can be performed with no visible moisture accumulation inside the plastic wrap. Re-test surfaces when work has been stopped due to rain.

3.1.2 Surface Preparation Demonstration

Prior to surface preparation, demonstrate the proposed procedures and equipment.

Prepare areas large enough to determine cleanliness, adhesion of remaining coating and rate of cleaning. Perform a demonstration removal of pavement marking in an area designated by the Contracting Officer. Approved demonstration area establishes the standard for the remainder of the work.

3.1.3 Test Stripe Demonstration

Prior to paint application, demonstrate test stripe application within the work area using the proposed materials and equipment. Apply separate test stripes in each of the line widths and configurations required herein using the proposed equipment. Make the test stripes long enough to determine the proper speed and operating pressures for the vehicle(s) and machinery, but not less than 50 feet long.

3.1.4 Application Rate Demonstration

During the Test Stripe Demonstration, demonstrate compliance with the application rates specified herein. Document the equipment speed and operating pressures required to meet the specified rates in each configuration of the equipment and provide a copy of the documentation to the Contracting Officer prior to proceeding with the work.

3.1.5 Retroreflective Value Demonstration

After the test stripes have cured to a "no-track" condition, demonstrate compliance with the average retroreflective values specified herein. Take a minimum of ten readings on each test stripe with a Retroreflectometer with a direct readout in millicandelas per square meter

SECTION 32 17 23- PAVEMENT MARKINGS Page 16 per lux (mcd/m2/lx). Perform testing in accordance with ASTM D4061, ASTM E1710, ASTM E2177, and ASTM E2302.

3.1.6 Level of Performance Demonstration

The Contracting Officer will be present at the application demonstrations to observe the results obtained and to validate the operating parameters of the vehicle(s) and equipment.

If accepted by the Contracting Officer, the test stripe is the measure of performance required for this project. Do not proceed with the work until the demonstration results are satisfactory to the Contracting Officer.

3.2 EXTERIOR SURFACE PREPARATION

Allow new pavement surfaces to cure for a period of not less than 30 days before application of marking materials. Thoroughly clean surfaces to be marked before application of the paint. Remove dust, dirt, and other granular surface deposits by sweeping, blowing with compressed air, rinsing with water, or a combination of these methods as required.

Remove rubber deposits, existing paint markings and other coatings adhering to the pavement by water blasting, approved chemical removal method according to the removal requirements and procedures outlined in Section 32 01 11.51.

a. Do not use shot blasting on airfield pavements due to the potential of Foreign Object

Damage (FOD) to aircraft. Scrub affected areas, where oil or grease is present on old pavements to be marked, with several applications of trisodium phosphate solution or other approved detergent or degreaser and rinse thoroughly after each application. After cleaning oil-soaked areas, seal with shellac or primer recommended by the manufacturer to prevent bleeding through the new paint. Do not commence painting in any area until pavement surfaces are dry and clean.

3.2.1 Early Painting of Rigid Pavements

Pretreat rigid pavements that require early painting with an aqueous solution containing 3 percent phosphoric acid and 2 percent zinc chloride. Apply the solution to the areas to be marked.

3.3 APPLICATION

Apply pavement markings to dry pavements only.

3.3.1 Paint

Apply paint with approved equipment at rate of coverage specified herein. Provide guidelines and templates as necessary to control paint application. Take special precautions in marking numbers, letters, and symbols. Manually paint numbers, letters, and symbols. Sharply outline all edges of markings. The maximum drying time requirements of the paint specifications will be strictly enforced, to prevent undue softening of bitumen, and pickup, displacement, or discoloration by tires of traffic. If there is a deficiency in drying of the markings, painting operations must cease until the cause of the slow drying is determined and corrected.

3.3.1.1 Waterborne Paint

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3.3.1.1.1 Airfields

For and reflectorized markings, apply paint conforming to FS TT-P-1952 Type I or II at a rate of 121 plus or minus 6 square feet per gallon Type III at a rate of 108 plus or minus 8 square feet per gallon MPI 97 at a rate of 105 plus or minus 5 square feet per gallon.

For reflectorized markings, apply FS TT-B-1325 beads at a rate of 7 plus or minus 0.5 pounds of glass spheres per gallon. For reflectorized markings, apply paint and glass spheres at the following rates:

TABLE III

Bead Type Paint Type Paint Application Rate

Bead Application Rate

Type I (Gradation A)

Type I, II, III 3 plus or minus 0.15 Sq M/Liter

960 plus or minus 120 g/Liter

Type III Type I, II, III 3 plus or minus 0.15 Sq M/Liter

1,200 plus or minus 120 g/Liter

Type IV (Gradation A)

Type III 1.9 plus or minus

0.30 Sq M/Liter

960 plus or minus 120 g/Liter

Type IV (Gradation B)

Type III 2.4 plus or minus

0.23 Sq M/Liter

960 plus or minus 120 g/Liter

Type I (Gradation A)

Type I, II, III 121 plus or minus 6 Sq Ft/Gallon

8 plus or minus 1 lb/gallon

Type III Type I, II, III 121 plus or minus 6 Sq Ft/Gallon

10 plus or minus 1 lb/gallon

Type IV (Gradation A)

Type III 76 plus or minus 12 Sq Ft/Gallon

8 plus or minus 1 lb/gallon

Type IV (Gradation B)

Type III 98 plus or minus 9 Sq Ft/Gallon

8 plus or minus 1 lb/gallon

3.3.2 Thermoplastic Compound

Place thermoplastic pavement markings, free from dirt or tint, upon dry pavement. The temperature must be a minimum of 40 degrees F and rising at the time of installation. Apply all centerline, skipline, edgeline, and other longitudinal type markings with a mobile applicator. Place all special markings, crosswalks, stop bars, legends, arrows, and similar patterns with a portable applicator, using the extrusion method.

3.3.2.1 Primer

After surface preparation has been completed, prime the asphalt or concrete pavement surface with spray equipment. Allow primer materials to "set-up" prior to applying the thermoplastic composition. [Allow the asphalt concrete primer to dry to a tack-free condition, usually occurring in less than 10 minutes.] [Allow the Portland cement concrete primer to dry in accordance with the thermoplastic manufacturer recommendations. To shorten the curing time of the epoxy resins, an infrared heating device may be used on the concrete primer. Apply asphalt concrete primer to all asphalt concrete pavements at a wet film thickness of 0.005 inch, plus or minus 0.001 inch (265 to 400 square feet per gallon).

SECTION 32 17 23- PAVEMENT MARKINGS Page 18

Apply Portland cement concrete primer to all concrete pavements (including concrete bridge decks) at a wet film thickness of between 0.04 to 0.05 inch 320 to 400 square feet per gallon.

After the primer has "set-up", apply the thermoplastic at temperatures no lower than 375 degrees F nor higher than 425 degrees F at the point of deposition. Apply all extruded thermoplastic markings at the specified width and at a thickness of not less than 0.125 inch nor more than 0.190 inch. Apply all sprayed thermoplastic markings at the specified width and the thickness designated in the contract plans. If the plans do not specify a thickness, apply centerline markings at a wet thickness of 0.090 inch, plus or minus 0.005 inch, and edgeline markings at a wet thickness of 0.060 inch, plus or minus 0.005 inch.

Extrude or spray thermoplastic reflectorized pavement marking compound in a molten state onto a primed pavement surface. Following a surface application of glass beads and upon cooling to normal pavement temperatures, the marking must be an adherent reflectorized strip of the specified thickness and width that is capable of resisting deformation by traffic.

3.3.2.2 Reflective Media

Immediately after installation of the thermoplastic material, mechanically apply drop-on reflective glass spheres conforming to FS TT-B-1325 Type I (Gradation A) and AASHTO M 247 Type 1 at the rate of one pound per 20 square feet such that the spheres are held by and imbedded in the surface of the molten material. Accomplish drop-on application of the glass spheres to ensure even distribution at the specified rate of coverage. If there is a malfunction of either thermoplastic applicator or reflective media dispenser, discontinue operations until deficiency is corrected.

3.3.3 Cleanup and Waste Disposal

Keep the worksite clean and free of debris and waste from the removal and application operations. Immediately cleanup following removal operations in areas subject to aircraft traffic. Dispose of debris at approved sites.

3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

3.4.1 Sampling and Testing

As soon as the paint materials and reflective media are available for sampling, obtain by random selection from the sealed containers, two quart samples of each batch in the presence of the Contracting Officer. Two quarts will be for sampling and testing by the Contractor and two quarts will be for retention by the Government. Accomplish adequate mixing prior to sampling to ensure a uniform, representative sample. A batch is defined as that quantity of material processed by the manufacturer at one time and identified by number on the label.

Clearly identify samples by designated name, specification number, batch number, project contract number, intended use, and quantity involved. Test samples by an approved laboratory. If a sample fails to meet specification, replace the material in the area represented by the samples and retest the replacement material as specified above. Submit certified co pies of the test reports, prior to the use of the materials at the jobsite. Include in the report of test results a listing of any specification requirements not verified by the test laboratory. At the discretion of the Contracting Officer, samples provided may be tested by the Government for verification.

3.4.2 Material Inspection

SECTION 32 17 23- PAVEMENT MARKINGS Page 19

Examine material at the job site to determine that it is the material referenced in the report of test results or certificate of compliance. Provide test results substantiating conformance to the specified requirements with each certificate of compliance.

3.4.3 Dimensional Tolerances

Apply all markings in the standard dimensions provide in the drawings. New markings may deviate a maximum of 10 percent larger than the standard dimension. The maximum deviation allowed when painting over an old marking is up to 20 percent larger than the standard dimensions.

3.4.4 Bond Failure Verification

Inspect newly applied markings for signs of bond failure based on visual inspection and comparison to results from Test Stripe Demonstration paragraph.

3.4.5 Reflective Media and Coating Application Verification

Use a wet film thickness gauge to measure the application of wet paint. Use a microscope or magnifying glass to evaluate the embedment of glass beads in the paint. Verify the glass bead embedment with approximately 50 percent of the individual bead spheres embedded and 50 percent of the individual bead spheres exposed.

3.4.6 Retroreflective Markings

Collect and record readings for white and yellow retroreflective markings at the rate of one reading per 1000 linear feet. The minimum acceptable average for white markings is 200 millicandelas per square meter per lux (mcd/m2/lx) (measured with Retroreflectometer).

The minimum acceptable average for yellow markings is 175 millicandelas per square meter per lux (mcd/m2/lx). Compute readings by averaging a minimum of 10 readings taken within the area at random locations. Re-mark areas not meeting the retroreflective requirements stated above.

3.4.7 Material Bond Verification and Operations Area Cleanup for Airfields

Vacuum sweep the aircraft operating area before it is opened for aircraft operations to preclude potential foreign object damaged to aircraft engines. Visually inspect the pavement markings and the material captured by the vacuum. Verify that no significant loss of reflective media has occurred to the pavement marking due to the vacuum cleaning.

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