Drewplex AT Safety Data Sheet.pdf

DREWPLEX AT

Drew Marine Version No: 4.1

Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2024) requirements

Initial Date: 26/08/2022

Revision Date: 30/09/2022

Print Date: 01/10/2025

S.GHS.USA.EN.RISK.E

SECTION 1 Identification

Product Identifier

Product name DREWPLEX AT

Chemical Name Not Applicable

Synonyms Not Available

Proper shipping name Caustic alkali liquids, n.o.s. (contains morpholine and potassium hydroxide)

Chemical formula Not Applicable

Other means of identification

UFI: PH8G-00V5-JM0Q-6PX5

Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Relevant identified uses Use according to manufacturer's directions.

Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party

Registered company name Drew Marine

Address 400 Captain Neville Drive Waterbury, CT 06705 United States

Telephone +1-973-526-5700

Fax Not Available

Website

Email info@drew-marine.com

Emergency phone number

Association / Organisation Drew Marine CHEMWATCH EMERGENCY RESPONSE (24/7)

Emergency telephone number(s)

The numbers below are for EMERGENCY USE ONLY. Use the corporate number above for all other calls.

+1 855-237-5573 (ID#: 5560-11)

Other emergency telephone number(s)

CHEMWATCH: +613 9573 3188 +61 3 9573 3188

SECTION 2 Hazard(s) identification

Classification of the substance or mixture

Classification

Corrosive to Metals Category 1, Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 4, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 1B, Serious Eye

Damage/Eye Irritation Category 1, Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Repeated Exposure Category 1

*LIMITED EVIDENCE

Label elements

Hazard pictogram(s) www.drew-marine.com

Page 1 continued...

Signal word Danger

Hazard statement(s)

H290 May be corrosive to metals.

H302 Harmful if swallowed.

H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

*LIMITED EVIDENCE

Hazard(s) not otherwise classified

Not Applicable

Precautionary statement(s) General

P101 If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand.

P102 Keep out of reach of children.

P103 Read label before use.

Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

P260 Do not breathe mist/vapours/spray.

P280 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.

P234 Keep only in original container.

P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling.

Precautionary statement(s) Response

P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. If more than 15 mins from Doctor, INDUCE VOMITING (if conscious).

P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider.

P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P314 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.

P390 Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.

P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider/if you feel unwell.

P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P330 Rinse mouth.

Precautionary statement(s) Storage

P405 Store locked up.

P406 Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.

Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to authorised hazardous or special waste collection point in accordance with any local regulation.

No further product hazard information.

SECTION 3 Composition / information on ingredients

Substances

See section below for composition of Mixtures

Mixtures

CAS No %[weight] Name

110-91-8 10-30

1310-58-3 5-10

7320-34-5 1-5 morpholine potassium hydroxide potassium pyrophosphate

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Continued...

SECTION 4 First-aid measures

Description of first aid measures

Eye Contact

If this product comes in contact with the eyes:

Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water.

Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.

Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.

Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.

Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

Skin Contact

If skin or hair contact occurs:

Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if available.

Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.

Wash skin and hair with running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre.

Transport to hospital, or doctor.

Inhalation

If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.

Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.

Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.

Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.

Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay.

Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes) may cause lung oedema.

Corrosive substances may cause lung damage (e.g. lung oedema, fluid in the lungs).

As this reaction may be delayed up to 24 hours after exposure, affected individuals need complete rest (preferably in semi-recumbent posture) and must be kept under medical observation even if no symptoms are (yet) manifested.

Before any such manifestation, the administration of a spray containing a dexamethasone derivative or beclomethasone derivative may be considered.

This must definitely be left to a doctor or person authorised by him/her.

(ICSC13719)

Ingestion

For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once.

Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.

If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.

If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.

Observe the patient carefully.

Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.

Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.

Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.

Avoid giving milk or oils.

Avoid giving alcohol.

If spontaneous vomiting appears imminent or occurs, hold patient's head down, lower than their hips to help avoid possible aspiration of vomitus.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

See Section 11

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

Any material aspirated during vomiting may produce lung injury. Therefore emesis should not be induced mechanically or pharmacologically. Mechanical means should be used if it is considered necessary to evacuate the stomach contents; these include gastric lavage after endotracheal intubation. If spontaneous vomiting has occurred after ingestion, the patient should be monitored for difficult breathing, as adverse effects of aspiration into the lungs may be delayed up to 48 hours.

For acute or short-term repeated exposures to highly alkaline materials:

Respiratory stress is uncommon but present occasionally because of soft tissue edema.

Unless endotracheal intubation can be accomplished under direct vision, cricothyroidotomy or tracheotomy may be necessary.

Oxygen is given as indicated.

The presence of shock suggests perforation and mandates an intravenous line and fluid administration.

Damage due to alkaline corrosives occurs by liquefaction necrosis whereby the saponification of fats and solubilisation of proteins allow deep penetration into the tissue.

Alkalis continue to cause damage after exposure.

INGESTION:

Milk and water are the preferred diluents

No more than 2 glasses of water should be given to an adult.

Neutralising agents should never be given since exothermic heat reaction may compound injury.

* Catharsis and emesis are absolutely contra-indicated.

* Activated charcoal does not absorb alkali.

* Gastric lavage should not be used.

Supportive care involves the following:

Withhold oral feedings initially.

If endoscopy confirms transmucosal injury start steroids only within the first 48 hours.

Carefully evaluate the amount of tissue necrosis before assessing the need for surgical intervention.

Patients should be instructed to seek medical attention whenever they develop difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia).

SKIN AND EYE:

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Injury should be irrigated for 20-30 minutes.

Eye injuries require saline. [Ellenhorn & Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]

SECTION 5 Fire-fighting measures

Extinguishing media

Water spray or fog.

Foam.

Dry chemical powder.

BCF (where regulations permit).

Carbon dioxide.

Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Fire Incompatibility Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result

Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters

Fire Fighting

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.

Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.

Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.

Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.

Do not approach containers suspected to be hot.

Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.

If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.

Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.

Fire/Explosion Hazard

Combustible.

Slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.

On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).

May emit acrid smoke.

Mists containing combustible materials may be explosive.

Combustion products include:

carbon dioxide (CO2) nitrogen oxides (NOx) phosphorus oxides (POx) metal oxides other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material.

May emit corrosive fumes.

SECTION 6 Accidental release measures

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

See section 8

Environmental precautions

See section 12

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Minor Spills

Environmental hazard - contain spillage.

Drains for storage or use areas should have retention basins for pH adjustments and dilution of spills before discharge or disposal of material.

Check regularly for spills and leaks.

Clean up all spills immediately.

Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.

Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment.

Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.

Wipe up.

Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal.

Major Spills Environmental hazard - contain spillage.

Clear area of personnel and move upwind.

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.

Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.

Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.

Stop leak if safe to do so.

Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.

Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.

Neutralise/decontaminate residue (see Section 13 for specific agent).

Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.

Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.

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After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using.

If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.

SECTION 7 Handling and storage

Precautions for safe handling

Safe handling

DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin

Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.

Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.

Use in a well-ventilated area.

WARNING: To avoid violent reaction, ALWAYS add material to water and NEVER water to material.

Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.

Avoid contact with incompatible materials.

When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.

Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.

Avoid physical damage to containers.

Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.

Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.

Use good occupational work practice.

Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.

Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.

Other information

Store in original containers.

Keep containers securely sealed.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.

Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.

Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.

Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.

DO NOT store near acids, or oxidising agents

No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Suitable container

Lined metal can, lined metal pail/ can.

Plastic pail.

Polyliner drum.

Packing as recommended by manufacturer.

Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.

For low viscosity materials

Drums and jerricans must be of the non-removable head type.

Where a can is to be used as an inner package, the can must have a screwed enclosure.

For materials with a viscosity of at least 2680 cSt. (23 deg. C) and solids (between 15 C deg. and 40 deg C.):

Removable head packaging;

Cans with friction closures and low pressure tubes and cartridges may be used.

Where combination packages are used, and the inner packages are of glass, porcelain or stoneware, there must be sufficient inert cushioning material in contact with inner and outer packages unless the outer packaging is a close fitting moulded plastic box and the substances are not incompatible with the plastic.

Morpholine can be stored for an unlimited time in iron or steel containers if protected from atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide. However, it is unstable in the presence of copper, zinc and their alloys and these metals should not be used in storage containers for morpholine

Storage incompatibility Sodium hydroxide/ potassium hydroxide:

reacts with water evolving heat and corrosive fumes reacts violently with acids, trans-acetylene dichloride, aminotetrazole, p-bis(1,3-dibromoethyl), benzene, bromoform, halogenated compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, organic halogens, chlorine dioxide ((explodes), chloroform, cresols, cyclopentadiene, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, cis-dichloroethylene, 2,2-dichloro-3,3-dimethylbutane, ethylene chlorohydrin, germanium, iodine pentafluoride, maleic anhydride, p-nitrotoluene,nitrogen trichloride, o-nitrophenol, phosphonium iodide, potassium peroxodisulfate, propylene oxide, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (highly toxic substance is forme), 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, thorium dicarbide, trichloroethanol, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, vinyl acetate reacts with fluorine, nitroalkanes, (forming explosive compounds) incompatible with acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, allyl chloride, organic anhydride, acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, ammonium chloroplatinate, benzanthrone, bromine, benzene-1,4-diol, carbon dioxide, cellulose nitrate, chlorine trifluoride, 4-chlorobutyronitrile, chlorohydrin, chloronitrotoluenes, chlorosulfonic acid, cinnamaldehyde, caprolactam solution, chlorocresols, 1,2-dichloroethylene, epichlorohydrin, ethylene cyanohydrin, formaldehyde (forms formic acid and flammable hydrogen gas), glycols, glyoxal, hexachloroplatinate, hydrogen sulfide, hydroquinone, iron-silicon, isocyanates, ketones, methyl azide, 4-methyl-2-nitrophenol, mineral acids (forming corresponding salt),nitrobenzene, N-nitrosohydroxylamine, nitrates pentol, phenols, phosphorus, phosphorus pentaoxide, beta-propiolactone, sodium, sulfur dioxide, tetrahydroborate, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, trichloronitromethane, zirconium ignites on contact with cinnamaldehyde or zinc and reacts explosively with a mixture of chloroform and methane

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Secondary amines form salts with strong acids and can be oxidized to the corresponding nitrone using hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by selenium dioxide

Reacts vigorously with acids

Contains a six-membered heterocyclic ring.

Six-membered heterocycles can be described as pi--deficient. Substitution by electronegative groups or additional nitrogen atoms in the ring significantly increase the pi-deficiency. These effects also decrease the basicity.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is more difficult while nucleophilic aromatic substitution is facilitated.

Morpholine reacts violently with strong oxidising and may ignite reacts violently with acids, cellulose nitrate, nitromethane reacts with aqueous solutions of nitrite or gaseous nitrogen oxides to form N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) reacts with inorganic acids and acid gases such as CO2, H2S or HCN to form morpholine salts can react with oxidising agents, undergo direct chlorination, and form complexes with metallic halides reacts with carboxylic acids, anhydrides, chlorides and esters to form morpholides -alkyl morpholides are formed by reaction with alkyl halides, dialkyl sulfates, or trialkyl phosphates; the N-alkylmorpholides (N-methyl- and N-ethyl- morpholides) are used polyurethane catalysts reacts with formaldehyde to form N-formlymorpholine ( a selective solvent for aromatic compound extraction) is incompatible with organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, acrylates, substituted allyls, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, glycols, phenols, cresols, caprolactam solution, nitrocompounds, perchlorates reacts with fatty acids to form soaps used in household and automotive waxes and polishes reacts with sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds to produce vulcanising agents attacks coper, lead, tin, zinc, and their alloys, and some plastics, rubber and coatings

For morpholines:

Morpholine undergoes most chemical reactions typical for other secondary amines, though the presence of the ether oxygen withdraws electron density from the nitrogen, rendering it less nucleophilic (and less basic) than structurally similar secondary amines such as piperidine.

Avoid oxidising agents, acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates.

Avoid contact with copper, aluminium and their alloys.

SECTION 8 Exposure controls / personal protection

Control parameters

Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

INGREDIENT DATA

Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes

US OSHA Permissible

Exposure Limits (PELs)

Table Z-1 morpholine Morpholine 20 ppm / 70 mg/m3 Not Available Not Available

Skin designation

US NIOSH Recommended

Exposure Limits (RELs) morpholine Morpholine

20 ppm / 70 mg/m3

105 mg/m3 / 30 ppm Not Available [skin]

US NIOSH Recommended

Exposure Limits (RELs) potassium hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide Not Available Not Available 2 mg/m3 Not Available

Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH morpholine Not Available Not Available potassium hydroxide Not Available Not Available potassium pyrophosphate Not Available Not Available

Exposure controls

Appropriate engineering controls

Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection.

The basic types of engineering controls are:

Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.

Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.

Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.

Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection. Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is essential to ensure adequate protection.

An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations.

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Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying

"escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.

Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:

solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air).

0.25-0.5 m/s (50-

100 f/min.)

aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low speed conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift, plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low velocity into zone of active generation)

0.5-1 m/s (100-

200 f/min.)

direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generation into zone of rapid air motion)

1-2.5 m/s (200-

500 f/min.)

grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial velocity into zone of very high rapid air motion).

2.5-10 m/s (500-

2000 f/min.)

Within each range the appropriate value depends on:

Lower end of the range Upper end of the range

1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents

2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 2: Contaminants of high toxicity

3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use

4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only

Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.

Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment

Eye and face protection

Safety glasses with unperforated side shields may be used where continuous eye protection is desirable, as in laboratories;

spectacles are not sufficient where complete eye protection is needed such as when handling bulk-quantities, where there is a danger of splashing, or if the material may be under pressure.

Chemical goggles. Whenever there is a danger of the material coming in contact with the eyes; goggles must be properly fitted. [AS/NZS 1337.1, EN166 or national equivalent]

Full face shield (20 cm, 8 in minimum) may be required for supplementary but never for primary protection of eyes; these afford face protection.

Alternatively a gas mask may replace splash goggles and face shields.

Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience.

Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59].

Skin protection See Hand protection below

Hands/feet protection When handling corrosive liquids, wear trousers or overalls outside of boots, to avoid spills entering boots.

Elbow length PVC gloves

The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Where the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application.

The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a final choice.

Personal hygiene is a key element of effective hand care. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended.

Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include:

· frequency and duration of contact,

· chemical resistance of glove material,

· glove thickness and

· dexterity

Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent).

· When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.

· When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.

· Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement and this should be taken into account when considering gloves for long-term use.

· Contaminated gloves should be replaced.

As defined in ASTM F-739-96 in any application, gloves are rated as:

· Excellent when breakthrough time > 480 min

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· Good when breakthrough time > 20 min

· Fair when breakthrough time < 20 min

· Poor when glove material degrades

For general applications, gloves with a thickness typically greater than 0.35 mm, are recommended.

It should be emphasised that glove thickness is not necessarily a good predictor of glove resistance to a specific chemical, as the permeation efficiency of the glove will be dependent on the exact composition of the glove material. Therefore, glove selection should also be based on consideration of the task requirements and knowledge of breakthrough times.

Glove thickness may also vary depending on the glove manufacturer, the glove type and the glove model. Therefore, the manufacturers technical data should always be taken into account to ensure selection of the most appropriate glove for the task.

Note: Depending on the activity being conducted, gloves of varying thickness may be required for specific tasks. For example:

· Thinner gloves (down to 0.1 mm or less) may be required where a high degree of manual dexterity is needed. However, these gloves are only likely to give short duration protection and would normally be just for single use applications, then disposed of.

· Thicker gloves (up to 3 mm or more) may be required where there is a mechanical (as well as a chemical) risk i.e. where there is abrasion or puncture potential

Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended.

Body protection See Other protection below

Other protection

Overalls.

PVC Apron.

PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe.

Eyewash unit.

Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.

Ansell Glove Selection

Glove — In order of recommendation

AlphaTec 02-100

AlphaTec® 15-554

AlphaTec® 38-612

MICROFLEX® 63-864

MICROFLEX® Diamond Grip® MF-300

TouchNTuff® 83-500

MICROFLEX® MidKnight® XTRA 93-862

MICROFLEX® LifeStar EC™ 93-868

AlphaTec® 53-001

AlphaTec® 58-005

The suggested gloves for use should be confirmed with the glove supplier.

Respiratory protection

Type AK-P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 &

149:2001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent)

Where the concentration of gas/particulates in the breathing zone, approaches or exceeds the "Exposure Standard" (or ES), respiratory protection is required.

Degree of protection varies with both face-piece and Class of filter; the nature of protection varies with Type of filter.

Required Minimum

Protection Factor

Half-Face

Respirator

Full-Face

Respirator

Powered Air

Respirator up to 10 x ES AK-AUS P2 -

AK-PAPR-AUS /

Class 1 P2 up to 50 x ES -

AK-AUS /

Class 1 P2 up to 100 x ES - AK-2 P2 AK-PAPR-2 P2 ^

^ - Full-face

A(All classes) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gasses, B2 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E = Sulfur dioxide(SO2), G = Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg = Mercury, NO = Oxides of nitrogen, MB = Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling point organic compounds(below 65 degC)

Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in areas of unknown vapour concentrations or oxygen content.

The wearer must be warned to leave the contaminated area immediately on detecting any odours through the respirator. The odour may indicate that the mask is not functioning properly, that the vapour concentration is too high, or that the mask is not properly fitted. Because of these limitations, only restricted use of cartridge respirators is considered appropriate.

Cartridge performance is affected by humidity. Cartridges should be changed after 2 hr of continuous use unless it is determined that the humidity is less than 75%, in which case, cartridges can be used for 4 hr.

Used cartridges should be discarded daily, regardless of the length of time used

76ak-p()

SECTION 9 Physical and chemical properties

Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance Light brown alkaline liquid; mixes with water.

Physical state Liquid Relative density (Water =

1) 1.08

Odour Not Available Partition coefficient n-octanol / water Not Available

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Odour threshold Not Available Auto-ignition temperature

(°C) Not Available pH (as supplied) 14 Decomposition temperature (°C) Not Available

Melting point / freezing point (°C) -9 Viscosity (cSt) Not Available

Initial boiling point and boiling range (°C) 100 Molecular weight (g/mol) Not Applicable

Flash point (°C) >100 Taste Not Available

Evaporation rate >1 BuAC = 1 Explosive properties Not Available

Flammability Not Applicable Oxidising properties Not Available

Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Surface Tension (dyn/cm or mN/m) Not Available

Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Volatile Component (%vol) Not Available

Vapour pressure (kPa) Not Available Gas group Not Available

Solubility in water Miscible pH as a solution (1%) Not Available

Vapour density (Air = 1) 2.3 VOC g/L Not Available

Heat of Combustion (kJ/g) Not Available Ignition Distance (cm) Not Available

Flame Height (cm) Not Available Flame Duration (s) Not Available

Enclosed Space Ignition

Time Equivalent (s/m3) Not Available

Enclosed Space Ignition

Deflagration Density

(g/m3)

Not Available

Nanoform Solubility Not Available Nanoform Particle

Characteristics Not Available

Particle Size Not Available

SECTION 10 Stability and reactivity

Reactivity See section 7

Chemical stability

Unstable in the presence of incompatible materials.

Product is considered stable.

Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.

Possibility of hazardous reactions See section 7

Conditions to avoid See section 7

Incompatible materials See section 7

Hazardous decomposition products See section 5

SECTION 11 Toxicological information

Information on toxicological effects

a) Acute Toxicity There is sufficient evidence to classify this material as acutely toxic.

b) Skin Irritation/Corrosion There is sufficient evidence to classify this material as skin corrosive or irritating.

c) Serious Eye

Damage/Irritation There is sufficient evidence to classify this material as eye damaging or irritating

d) Respiratory or Skin sensitisation Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.

e) Mutagenicity Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.

f) Carcinogenicity Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.

g) Reproductivity Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.

h) STOT - Single Exposure Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.

i) STOT - Repeated

Exposure There is sufficient evidence to classify this material as toxic to specific organs through repeated exposure

j) Aspiration Hazard Based on available data, the classification criteria are not met.

Inhaled There is strong evidence to suggest that this material can cause, if inhaled once, very serious, irreversible damage of organs.

Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the individual.

Inhalation of amine vapours may cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, and lung irritation with respiratory distress and cough. Swelling and inflammation of the respiratory tract is seen in serious cases; with headache, nausea, faintness and anxiety.

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Inhalation of potassium hydroxide dust may be fatal due to spasm, throat pain, redness, hoarseness of voice, and difficulty in swallowing and breathing. There may be inflammation with accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Other symptoms include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Inhaling corrosive bases may irritate the respiratory tract. Symptoms include cough, choking, pain and damage to the mucous membrane.

Exposure to the morpholine vapour may produce irritation to the nose and airway and liver damage. Very high vapour concentrations may be intensely irritating and may produce fluid accumulation in the lungs and kidney damage.

Ingestion

Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.

The material can produce chemical burns within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract following ingestion.

There is strong evidence to suggest that this material can cause, if swallowed once, very serious, irreversible damage of organs.

Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis; serious consequences may result. (ICSC13733)

Amines without benzene rings when swallowed are absorbed throughout the gut. Corrosive action may cause damage throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

Ingestion of alkaline corrosives may produce burns around the mouth, ulcerations and swellings of the mucous membranes, profuse saliva production, with an inability to speak or swallow. Both the oesophagus and stomach may experience burning pain;

vomiting and diarrhoea may follow.

Skin Contact

The material can produce chemical burns following direct contact with the skin.

There is strong evidence to suggest that this material, on a single contact with skin, can cause very serious, irreversible damage of organs.

Potassium hydroxide burns are not immediately painful; onset of pain may be delayed minutes or hours; thus care should be taken to avoid contamination of gloves and boots.

Skin contact with alkaline corrosives may produce severe pain and burns; brownish stains may develop. The corroded area may be soft, gelatinous and necrotic; tissue destruction may be deep.

Volatile amine vapours produce irritation and inflammation of the skin. Direct contact can cause burns.

Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material

Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects.

Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.

Concentrated morpholine readily permeates the skin, although dilutions of 25% or less may cause less of a health hazard in relation to skin penetration.

Skin contact with the material may be harmful; systemic effects may result following absorption.

Eye

The material can produce chemical burns to the eye following direct contact. Vapours or mists may be extremely irritating.

If applied to the eyes, this material causes severe eye damage.

Vapours of volatile amines irritate the eyes, causing excessive secretion of tears, inflammation of the conjunctiva and slight swelling of the cornea, resulting in "halos" around lights. This effect is temporary, lasting only for a few hours. However this condition can reduce the efficiency of undertaking skilled tasks, such as driving a car. Direct eye contact with liquid volatile amines may produce eye damage, permanent for the lighter species.

Direct eye contact with corrosive bases can cause pain and burns. There may be swelling, epithelium destruction, clouding of the cornea and inflammation of the iris. Mild cases often resolve; severe cases can be prolonged with complications such as persistent swelling, scarring, permanent cloudiness, bulging of the eye, cataracts, eyelids glued to the eyeball and blindness.

Exposure to low concentrations of morpholine vapour for several hours caused foggy vision with rings around lights which cleared within several hours after cessation of exposure.

Chronic

Repeated or prolonged exposure to corrosives may result in the erosion of teeth, inflammatory and ulcerative changes in the mouth and necrosis (rarely) of the jaw. Bronchial irritation, with cough, and frequent attacks of bronchial pneumonia may ensue.

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

This material can cause serious damage if one is exposed to it for long periods. It can be assumed that it contains a substance which can produce severe defects.

There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment.

Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or long-term occupational exposure.

Long term exposure to morpholine and some related compounds may produce liver and kidney changes. Animal testing has shown evidence of chronic nose irritation and inflammation, and damage to the eye.

Secondary amines may react with nitrites to form potentially carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.

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TOXICITY IRRITATION

Not Available Not Available morpholine

TOXICITY IRRITATION

Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 500 mg/kg[2] Eye (Rodent - rabbit): 2mg - Severe

Oral (Mouse) LD50; 525 mg/kg[2] Eye: adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)[1]

Skin (Rodent - rabbit): 500mg - Moderate

Skin: adverse effect observed (corrosive)[1]

Skin: adverse effect observed (irritating)[1] potassium hydroxide

TOXICITY IRRITATION

Oral (Rat) LD50: 273 mg/kg[2] Eye (Rodent - rabbit): 1mg/24H - Moderate

Eye: adverse effect observed (irritating)[1]

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Skin (Human): 50mg/24H - Severe

Skin (Rodent - guinea pig): 50mg/24H - Severe

Skin (Rodent - rabbit): 50mg/24H - Severe

Skin: adverse effect observed (corrosive)[1] potassium pyrophosphate

TOXICITY IRRITATION

dermal (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg[1] Eye: adverse effect observed (irritating)[1]

Inhalation (Rat) LC50: >0.58 mg/l4h[1] Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)[1]

Oral (Rat) LD50: >300<2000 mg/kg[1]

Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2. Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS.

Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances

MORPHOLINE

The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.

for morpholine:

There have been no reports on incidents of acute poisoning or on the effects of short- or long-term exposure to morpholine by the general population. The phenomenon known as blue vision or glaucopsia, as well as some instances of skin and respiratory tract irritation, have been described in reports of occupational exposure to morpholine; however, no atmospheric concentrations of morpholine were given. It was reported that the number of chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood of workers exposed for 3-10 years to morpholine at concentrations of 0.54-0.93 mg/m3 did not differ significantly from controls.

Undiluted morpholine is strongly irritant to skin; a dilute solution (1 to 40) was mildly irritant. The potential carcinogenicity of morpholine in exposed human populations has not been investigated.

Morpholine is absorbed after oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. In the rat following oral and intravenous administration, morpholine is rapidly distributed, the highest concentrations being found in the intestine and muscle. In the rabbit, following intravenous and inhalation exposure, morpholine is preferentially distributed to the kidneys, lower concentrations reaching the lung, liver and blood. Morpholine does not bind significantly to plasma proteins. Plasma half-lives have been reported to be 115

(rat), 120 (hamster), and 300 min (guinea-pig). Morpholine is excreted mainly via the renal route, as the unchanged compound, in a variety of species. One day after administration, 70-90% of morpholine was found in urine. Neutralisation of morpholine enhances the rate of excretion of the compound. A small percentage of morpholine is excreted in expired air and faeces. Studies in rats, mice, hamster and rabbit indicate that morpholine is eliminated almost completely as the unmetabolised compound. In the guinea-pig, N-methylation followed by N-oxidation can occur, with up to 20% of the administered dose being metabolized. In the presence of nitrite, morpholine can be converted to NMOR both in vitro and in vivo. Depending on the dose, 0-12% of morpholine administered to rats with nitrites may be nitrosated. Immunostimulation, involving macrophage activation, may increase the extent of nitrosation.

Morpholine is not highly toxic under conditions of acute exposure. The LD50 after oral administration is 1-1.9 g/kg body weight in rats and 0.9 g/kg body weight in guinea-pigs. LC50 values of 7.8 mg/m3 (rats) and 4.9-6.9 g/m3 (mice) have been reported. In the conditions of short-term and long-term inhalation exposure, the critical effects appear to be irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. A concentration of 90 mg/m3 may be considered the NOAEL in the conditions of the 13-week experiment in rats

(6 h/day, 5 days/week). In a long-term inhalation study (104 weeks), increased incidences of inflammation of the cornea, and inflammation and necrosis of the nasal cavity were observed in rats at 540 mg/m3. Increased incidence of irritation of eyes and nose was also observed at 36 and 180 mg/m3. High exposures to morpholine causes severe damage to the liver and kidneys of rats and guinea-pigs. Fatty degeneration of the liver was reported in rats after feeding morpholine (0.5 g/kg body weight) daily for

56 days. When administered morpholine oleic acid salt in the drinking-water at a dose of about 0.7 g/kg body weight per day for

13 weeks, mice showed cloudy swelling of the kidney proximal tubules. Decreased body weight gain was observed in female mice in the long- term (672 days) feeding experiment at dose levels between 0.05 and 0.4 g morpholine (as oleic acid salt). At the reported levels of the present occupational and environmental exposures, morpholine does not seem to create any significant risk of systemic toxic effects. Local effects (irritation) of the eyes and respiratory tract may occur in non-controlled occupational and incidental exposures to high concentrations of airborne morpholine, and skin irritation may result from contact with liquid

(even diluted) morpholine. Morpholine does not appear to be mutagenic or carcinogenic in animals. However, it can be easily nitrosated to form NMOR, which is mutagenic and carcinogenic in several species of experimental animals. Morpholine fed to rats sequentially with nitrite caused an increase in tumours, mostly hepatocellular carcinoma and sarcomas of the liver and lungs. It is therefore prudent to consider exposure to morpholine as increasing the carcinogenic risk in exposed populations.

The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3:

NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing.

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

The material may produce moderate eye irritation leading to inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.

POTASSIUM

PYROPHOSPHATE

No data available. Data for sodium analogue only. tetrasodium pyrophosphate

For pyrophosphate salts:

Oral toxicity was for three pyrophosphate (diphosphate) salts were generally around 2000 mg/kg bw, but mortality occurred at sufficiently high doses. Acute dermal toxicity was not found for any of the three substances, all animals survived doses up to 7.96 g/kg bw of the respective diphosphate. This underlines the low potential of the three diphosphates to penetrate the skin. The skin irritation found for the three substances is probably caused by their basic nature and their high buffer capacity. The acute inhalation toxicity is difficult to assess as the nominal concentrations (which were the highest attainable) differ significantly from the gravimetrically derived values At these highest attainable concentrations animals died.

The available repeated dose studies confirm that the kidneys are the primary target organ of subchronic oral toxicity of diphosphates. Two salts induced tubulorrhexis (localized necrosis of the epithelial lining in renal tubules) and medullary and cortical (renal) calcification to different degrees in rats if administered subchronically at high concentrations of 1 – 10% in the feed. (Diphosphates might have a Janus-faced role in this process leading on the one hand to an increased phosphate burden if

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Repeat dose toxicity:

Calcification of the kidneys is known to be an effect of long term exposure to relatively high doses of pyrophosphates The evidence on pyrophosphates and other polyphosphates suggests that these effects occur at dose levels well above the cut off for classification via the oral route.

The NOAEL was determined to be 500 mg/kg bw/day on the basis of changes observed in the kidneys of the rats in the high dose group.

Rats in general and particularly female rats are known to be susceptible to nephrocalcinosis when administered high doses of phosphates (typically starting at about 0.5 – 1.0 % in the diet).The effects are only seen in high dose animals.

Genetic toxicity:

A number of studies are available to assess the genotoxic potential of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and the analogous substances tetrasodium pyrophosphate and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate. Sodium and potassium pyrophosphates are considered to be non-genotoxic in all studies performed.

Toxicity to reproduction:

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate administered to pregnant mice for 10 days up to a dose level of 130 mg/kg bw showed no maternal or developmental toxicity. The NOAEL for both maternal and foetotoxicity was > 130 mg/kg bw.

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate administered to pregnant rats for 10 days up to a dose level of 138 mg/kg bw showed no maternal or developmental toxicity. The NOAEL for both maternal and foetotoxicity is > 138 mg/kg bw.

When disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate was administered to pregnant mice for 10 days up to a dose level of 335 mg/kg bw there were no signs of maternal or developmental toxicity. The NOAEL for both maternal and foetotoxicity in mice is > 335 mg/kg

bw. When this material was administered to pregnant rats for 10 days up to a dose level of 169 mg/kg bw no maternal toxicity or developmental toxicity was observed. The NOAEL for both maternal and foetotoxicity is > 169 mg/kg bw.

When the test material was administered to pregnant hamsters for 10 days up to a dose level of 166 mg/kg bw…