B08_Attach 1 Specs LAKE 158678_FINAL CD_Division 2-49.pdf

LAKE - 158678 TOC-1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 31 – EARTHWORK

31 10 00 Site Clearing 31 23 16 Excavation 31 23 23 Fill and Compaction 31 25 10 Erosion Control

DIVISION 32 – EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

32 92 10 Site Restoration

DIVISION 35 – WATERWAY AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION

35 42 34 Soil Cement

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SITE CLEARING

SECTION 31 10 00 SITE CLEARING

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section includes preparation of the site for earthwork activities.

B. Related specifications sections include but are not necessarily limited to:

1. Division 01 - General Requirements

2. Section 31 23 16 – Excavation

3. Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction

4. Section 32 92 00 – Site Restoration

1.2 WORK INCLUDES

A. Contractor shall complete a pre-construction survey prior to any earthwork activities.

1. The Contractor survey shall establish existing topographic elevations for control points identified in Contract Documents.

2. The Contracting Officer must approve the survey prior to any earthwork activities beginning.

B. Site clearing and grubbing within Work and limits of disturbance areas.

C. Salvaging and stockpiling materials from site clearing and grubbing in designated areas.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Clearing and Grubbing: Removal of unsuitable material and topsoil to a depth of four (4) inches below subgrade.

B. Contracting Officer: Includes the Government Contracting Officer (CO).

C. Limits of Site Disturbance: Areas, as shown or specified, within which Work is to be performed.

D. Resource Protection Area: Locations identified by National Park Service (NPS) that shall not be disturbed during construction activity.

E. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP): Developed and implemented stormwater management measures to protect surface water from pollutants during construction activities disturbing an acre or more in compliance with federal, state, and local requirements for permit approval under the NPDES program.

F. Topsoil: Upper most layer of soil which is capable of supporting plant life.

1. Topsoil shall be considered the uppermost four (4) inches of surface soil in areas identified on Contract Drawings or by the Contracting Officer.

2. Desert Pavement Topsoil is in the channel excavation locations and other locations as specified on Contract Drawings.

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3. Wash topsoil is in areas to receive fill and other locations as specified on Contract Drawings.

G. Unsuitable Material: Trash, rubbish, junk, vegetation, and other organic matter.

1.4 SCHEDULE AND SEQUENCE

A. Contractor shall complete pre-construction survey prior to any earthwork activities.

B. The Contractor survey shall establish existing topographic elevations for control points identified in Contract Documents.

C. Prior to clearing and grubbing, Contractor shall work with NPS to determine extent of vegetation salvage.

D. Haul roads, access roads, and additional staging areas needed by Contractor may be cleared upon approval of Contracting Officer and after Contractor submits and implements SWPPP per Section 01 57 23 Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS (NOT USED)

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 PROTECTION

A. Site disturbance shall be minimized to the extent practicable.

B. Protect any plant growth or features not requiring removal.

1. Locations determined by the Contracting Officer may require photographic documentation of conditions prior to work beginning.

2. Photos will be used to compare conditions prior to work beginning to those after work is complete.

C. Protect Resource Protection Areas indicated on the Plans from damage or displacement.

D. Protect benchmarks and survey monuments from damage.

E. Repair or replacement of all benchmarks and survey monuments damaged shall be solely at the Contractor’s expense.

F. The limits of disturbance shall be within those shown on the Plans and as detailed in the dust control permit, unless approved by the Contracting Officer.

3.2 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

A. Clearing and grubbing shall be done in excavation areas in accordance with Section 31 23 16 – Excavation and in areas to receive Select Embankment Fill in accordance with Section 31 23 23

– Fill and Compaction.

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3.3 STOCKPILING TOPSOIL

A. Remove topsoil from excavation areas in accordance with Section 31 23 16 – Excavation and Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction.

B. Topsoil stockpiles shall be stored within the limits of disturbance.

C. Desert Wash and Desert Pavement Topsoil shall be stored separately.

D. Topsoil stockpiles shall be stable and protected from erosion.

E. Do not compact topsoil in stockpile.

3.4 UNSUITABLE MATERIAL STORAGE

A. Stockpile unsuitable material within the limits of disturbance as specified in Contract Drawings. Stockpile locations shall be approved by the Contracting Officer.

B. Unsuitable material stockpile(s) shall be stable and protected from erosion.

C. Do not burn combustible materials on site.

D. Do not bury organic matter on site, unless specifically approved by the Contracting Officer.

3.5 SURVEY

A. Contractor shall provide all surveying and staking necessary for construction activities, construction layout, and to document the as-constructed condition in the record drawings (Section 01 31 00 – Project Management and Coordination).

END OF SECTION 31 10 00

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EXCAVATION

SECTION 31 23 16 - EXCAVATION

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section includes general information and requirements for excavation.

B. Related specifications sections include but are not necessarily limited to:

1. Division 01 - General Requirements.

2. Section 31 00 00 – Site Clearing

3. Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction

1.2 WORK INCLUDES

A. Excavation to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the plans.

B. Stockpile excavated material in locations within the limits of disturbance.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Contracting Officer: Includes the Government Contracting Officer (CO).

B. Excavation Plan: Detailed explanation of the Contractor’s proposed means and methods to excavate material to the lines and grades shown on the Plans.

1. The Excavation Plan shall contain, but is not limited to, the following:

a. Methods, sequencing, and schedule of excavation work across the project site.

b. Survey control measures to avoid unauthorized over-excavation.

c. Descriptions, numbers, types, and sizes of equipment proposed to perform excavations.

d. Methods for preventing interference with or damage to Resource Protection Areas.

e. Methods for controlling surface water and groundwater in the excavations.

f. Proposed locations of temporary stockpiles of excavated material.

g. Description of sloping or shoring of temporary slopes as necessary for construction.

h. Contractor's proposed road pattern within limits of disturbance.

i. Plans for implementing dust control measures in conformance with local, county, park, and state requirements.

j. Plans to implement erosion and sediment controls in accordance with Section 01 57

23 Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention.

A. Resource Protection Area: Locations identified by National Park Service (NPS) that shall not be disturbed during construction activity.

B. Scarify: Breaking up or fracturing of the soil so that the structure is changed and it can be moisture conditioned and compacted. Depth of scarifying is a minimum 6 inches.

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1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittal procedures shall conform to the requirements in Section 01 33 23 – Submittal Procedures.

B. Excavation Plan:

1. For informational purposes, Contractor shall submit Excavation Plan to the Contracting Officer a minimum of ten (10) days prior to the beginning of any excavation.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS (NOT USED)

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 PROTECTION

A. Contractor shall complete a pre-construction survey prior to any earthwork activities in accordance with Section 31 00 00 – Site Clearing.

B. Site disturbance shall be minimized to the extent practicable.

C. Protect any plant growth or features not requiring removal.

1. Locations determined by the Contracting Officer may require photographic documentation of conditions prior to work beginning.

2. Photos will be used to compare conditions prior to work beginning to those after work is complete.

D. Protect Resource Protection Areas indicated on the Plans from damage or displacement.

E. Repair to areas not to be disturbed shall be solely at the Contractor’s expense.

F. Protect benchmarks and survey monuments from damage.

G. Repair or replacement of all benchmarks and survey monuments damaged shall be solely at the Contractor’s expense.

H. The limit of disturbance to install measures such as silt fences and diversions shall be in accordance with Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (Section 01 57 23 – Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention).

I. The limit of disturbance are specified on Contract Drawings.

J. Verify location of utilities.

1. Secure and examine local utility records for location data.

2. Omission or inclusion of utility items does not constitute nonexistence or definite location.

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3. Take necessary precautions to protect existing utilities from damage due to any construction activity.

4. Do not interrupt existing utilities, except only when permitted in writing by the Contracting Officer, and then only after acceptable temporary utility services have been provided so there is no interruption.

5. Costs to repair damages to utilities shall be solely the Contractor’s expense.

6. In case of damage to utilities, notify Contracting Officer immediately.

3.2 EXECUTION

A. Excavate to lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the Contract Drawings.

B. Excavate soil to within a tolerance of ±0.1 feet except where other dimensions or grades are shown on the Plans.

C. Do not over excavate beyond the dimensions shown on the Plans without the Contracting Officer’s written authorization.

D. Scarify a minimum of 6 inches.

1. The scarified material shall be compacted in accordance with Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction.

E. Selectively process and stockpile materials as necessary to yield suitable types and sufficient quantities of the various fill materials meeting the requirements in Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction.

F. Do not use material excavated when frozen.

G. Do not use material excavated during inclement weather until after the material drains, dries, or thaws sufficiently for proper compaction.

3.3 SURVEYING

A. Contractor shall provide all surveying and staking necessary for construction activities, construction layout, and to document the as-constructed condition in the record drawings (Section 01 31 00 – Project Management and Coordination).

END OF SECTION 31 23 16

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FILL AND COMPACTION

SECTION 31 23 23 – FILL AND COMPACTION

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section includes general information and requirements for placement and compaction of fill.

B. Related specifications sections include but are not necessarily limited to:

1. Division 01 – General Requirements

2. Section 31 23 10 – Excavation

3. Section 35 42 34 – Soil-Cement

1.2 WORK INCLUDES

A. Placement of fill to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the Plans.

B. Compacting the fill and scarified material to the specified moisture content and density requirements in this Section.

1.3 REFERENCES

A. ASTM International (ASTM):

1. C 117 – Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregate by Washing

2. C 136 – Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate

3. D 698 – Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))

4. D 1556 – Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-

Cone Method

5. D 4253 – Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils

Using a Vibratory Table

6. D 4254 – Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and

Calculation of Relative Density

7. D 4318 – Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of

Soils

8. D 6913 – Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using

Sieve Analysis

9. D 6938 – Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-

Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Contracting Officer: Includes the Government Contracting Officer (CO).

B. Compaction: Process of modifying soil and fill so that it is in compliance with moisture and density requirements provided in this Section.

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C. Scarify: Breaking up or fracturing of the soil so that the structure is changed and it can be moisture conditioned and compacted. Depth of scarifying is a minimum 6 inches.

D. Optimum Moisture Content: Optimum moisture content determined in accordance with

ASTM D 698.

E. Relative Density: Calculated in accordance with ASTM D 1556 based on the maximum index density determined in accordance with ASTM D 4253 and the minimum index density determined in accordance with ASTM D 4254.

F. Lift: The loose uncompacted layer of material.

G. Select Embankment Fill: Materials that meet the requirements of Select Embankment Fill presented in this Section.

H. Random Embankment Fill: Materials that meet the requirements of Random Embankment Fill presented in this Section.

I. Unsuitable Material: Trash, rubbish, and junk, vegetation, and other organic matter.

J. Topsoil: Upper most layer of soil which is capable of supporting plant life. Topsoil shall be considered the uppermost four (4) inches of surface soil in areas identified on the plans or by the Contracting Officer.

K. Fill and Compaction Plan: Detailed explanation of the Contractor’s proposed means and methods to place fill material to the lines and grades shown on the Plans and achieve the compaction requirements in this Section.

1. The Fill and Compaction Plan shall contain, but is not limited to, the following:

a. Methods, sequencing, and schedule of fill placement for each area across the project site.

b. Descriptions, numbers, types, and sizes of equipment proposed to perform fill placement and compaction.

c. Methods for preventing interference with or damage to culturally sensitive areas or environmentally sensitive areas.

d. Methods for controlling surface water flows during fill placement and compaction.

e. Contractor's proposed road pattern if they plan to deviate from those shown in the project documents.

f. Name(s) and address(s) of the commercial testing lab(s) which will perform the soil testing and inspection.

g. Describe how all required testing will be performed and reported.

h. Plans for implementing dust control measures in conformance with local, county, park, and state requirements.

i. Plans to implement erosion and sediment controls in accordance with Section 01 57

23 Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention.

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1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittal procedures shall conform to the requirements in Section 01 33 23 – Submittal procedures.

B. Fill and Compaction Plan:

1. For informational purposes, the Contractor shall submit a Fill and Compaction Plan to the Contracting Officer a minimum of ten (10) days prior to the beginning of any fill and compaction.

C. Quality Control Submittals:

1. The Contractor shall submit all test results within 24 hours from completion of the testing.

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Select Embankment Fill shall conform to the following:

1. Maximum particle size: eight (8) inch.

2. No nesting of material larger than three (3) inches in diameter will be allowed.

3. Minimum 90% passing 3 inch material per ASTM D6913 or ASTM C136, as appropriate.

4. Maximum of 30 percent passing the No. 200 sieve per ASTM D6913 or ASTM C117 and

C136, as appropriate.

5. Maximum liquid limit of 25 percent per ASTM D4318.

6. Maximum plasticity index of 10 per ASTM D4318.

7. Free of unsuitable material and topsoil.

B. Random Embankment Fill:

1. All materials generated from the excavations not otherwise used in areas requiring Select Embankment Fill.

2. Boulders larger than 18 inches to be separated and moved to the downstream (east) slope of the embankment.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Excavate below the limits of the Select Embankment Fill to the lines and grades indicated on the Plans.

B. Scarify a minimum of 6 inches.

3.2 FILL PLACEMENT

A. Keep placement surfaces free of water, debris, and foreign material during the placement and compaction of fill materials. Do not place fill if fill is frozen, or if surface upon which fill is to be placed is frozen.

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B. Place and spread fill materials in horizontal lifts of uniform thickness in a manner that avoids segregation and compact each lift to required moisture contents and densities.

C. Slope lifts only where necessary to conform to final grades or as necessary to keep placement surfaces drained of water. Reference Section 35 42 34 – Soil-Cement.

D. When Select Embankment Fill is placed on ground surface that steeper than or equal to 4H: 1V, plow and break up surface in a manner to create benches so that fill material will bind with existing surface.

E. Benches shall be at least five (5) feet wide and no more than two (2) feet tall, unless directed differently by the Contracting Officer.

F. Final lines and grades tolerances shall be within ± 0.1 feet unless other dimensions or grades are shown on the Plans, or specified by the Contracting Officer.

3.3 COMPACTION

A. Compact soils as required to obtain specified density indicated in this Section.

B. Select Embankment Fill:

1. Maximum loose lift thickness: Twelve (12) inches.

a. Eight (8) inches if compacted with hand operated equipment.

2. Compact each lift to a minimum 95% of maximum dry density per ASTM D698 as determined in accordance with ASTM D 6938.

3. The water content of material shall be within plus or minus two (2) percentage points of the optimum moisture content.

4. Soils that cannot be tested using ASTM D698 should be compacted to 75% to 80% of the maximum relative density as determined by ASTM D4253.

5. Do not operate earthmoving or compaction equipment, other than hand-operated equipment, within three (3) feet of soil-cement slope.

6. Compact fill that is adjacent to soil-cement structures with hand-operated tampers or similar equipment that will not damage the soil-cement.

C. Random Embankment Fill:

1. Maximum loose lift thickness: 12 inches.

2. No compaction required.

D. Scarified Soils:

1. Compact soils to a minimum 92% of maximum dry density per ASTM D698 as determined in accordance with ASTM D 6938.

2. The water content of material shall be within plus or minus two (2) percentage points of the optimum moisture content.

3. Soils which cannot be tested using ASTM D698 should be compacted to 75% to 80% of the maximum relative density as determined by ASTM D4253.

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3.4 SURVEYING

A. Contractor shall provide all surveying and staking necessary for construction activities, construction layout, and to document the as-constructed condition in the record drawings (Section 01 31 00 – Project Management and Coordination).

3.5 QUALITY CONTROL (QC) AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) TESTING

A. The Contractor shall be responsible for retaining the services of a testing agency for the purposes of field quality control (QC) observations and testing.

B. The observation and field services shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a qualified geotechnical engineer acceptable to the Contracting Officer.

C. The QC testing frequency shall be in accordance with the requirements presented in the Table 1:

1. The Contracting Officer may increase the testing frequency from that shown in Table 1 if test results are inconsistent, unusual, or unsatisfactory.

Table 1. QC Testing Frequency Requirements Material Test Applicable Standard Test Frequency

Select Embankment

Fill

Gradation ASTM D6913 One (1) test for every 1,500 cubic yards of material stockpiled.

Minimum of one test each stockpile.

Atterberg ASTM D4318 Standard Proctor Curve or Relative

Density Relationship

ASTM D698 or

ASTM D4253/D4354

Field Density and Moisture Content

ASTM D6938 or

ASTM D1556

Minimum three (3) tests spread evenly throughout the day per each compaction area. A compaction area shall be considered 200 feet in length, or areas where different compaction equipment is operating.

Scarified Soils

Gradation ASTM D6913 for One (1) test for every 1,500 cubic yards of scarified material.

Minimum of three (3) tests spread across the project site.

Atterberg ASTM D4318 Standard Proctor Curve or Relative

Density Relationship

ASTM D698 or

ASTM D4253/D4354

Field Density and Moisture Content

ASTM D6938 or

ASTM D1556

Minimum three (3) tests spread evenly throughout the day per each separate compaction area. A compaction area shall be considered

200 feet in length, or areas where different compaction equipment is operating.

D. Test results shall be submitted in accordance with Section 1.5.C.1 of this Specification Section.

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E. Any material represented by test results that does not meet the Specification requirements shall be removed or reworked in accordance with the Plans and Specifications immediately upon the receipt of test results.

F. Costs for reworking material and retesting to meet the Contract Documents shall be at the Contractor’s sole expense.

3.6 FINAL GRADING

A. Perform final grading to lines and grades as shown on the Plans or established by the Contracting Officer.

1. Neatly blend grading into the surrounding, existing terrain.

B. Replace areas of borrowed soil-cement aggregate and other disturbed areas to pre-project contours and conditions.

C. Final berm slopes above the soil-cement shall be raked to remove stones that exceed 12-inches.

D. Finished site grading is subject to review and approval of the Contracting Officer.

END OF SECTION 31 23 23

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EROSION CONTROL

SECTION 31 25 10 – EROSION CONTROL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. The Contractor shall develop, implement, and maintain an Erosion Control Plan as part of the Contractor’s Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and provide all erosion control measures in accordance with Section 01 57 23. Federal and State NPDES permit requirements shall be met, including:

1. Clean Water Act 401 Water Quality Certification: Permit Number NV401-19-038

2. Clean Water Act Section 404 (Department of the Army Permit): Permit Number SPK-

2019-00870

3. State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection Permit for Stormwater Discharges

Associated with Large Construction Activity, Small Construction Activity And Industrial Activity from Temporary Concrete, Asphalt And Material Plants Or Operations Dedicated To The Permitted Construction Project, NVR100000

B. Related specifications sections include but are not necessarily limited to:

1. Section 01 57 23 – Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Large Construction Activity, Small Construction Activity And Industrial Activity from Temporary Concrete, Asphalt And Material Plants Or Operations Dedicated To The Permitted Construction Project, NVR100000

END OF SECTION 31 25 10

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SITE RESTORATION

SECTION 32 92 00 – SITE RESTORATION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes general information, products, and execution for final grading and restoration of disturbed areas, including, but not limited to topsoil application and preparation for final stabilization (revegetation) of areas disturbed by the Contractor’s operation beyond the limits of the berms and channels, such as, but not limited to, temporary access roads, areas of incidental earthwork, borrow areas, construction traffic/haul routes, stockpile areas, and areas for the storage of equipment or materials.

B. NPS will be responsible for final stabilization (revegetation of disturbed areas) per Federal and State NPDES permit requirements, including:

1. Clean Water Act 401 Water Quality Certification: Permit Number NV401-19-038

2. Clean Water Act Section 404 (Department of the Army Permit): Permit Number SPK-

2019-00870

3. State of Nevada Division of Environmental Protection Permit for Stormwater Discharges

Associated with Large Construction Activity, Small Construction Activity And Industrial Activity from Temporary Concrete, Asphalt And Material Plants Or Operations Dedicated To The Permitted Construction Project, NVR100000

C. Related Sections:

1. Section 01 57 23 – Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention

2. Section 31 10 00 – Site Clearing

3. Section 31 23 16 – Excavation

4. Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction

5. Section 35 42 34 – Soil Cement

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Disturbed Area: Area disturbed by the activities of the Contractor within the approved limits of disturbance, as specified on Contract Drawings.

B. Contracting Officer: Includes the Government Contracting Officer (CO).

C. Surface Roughening: Erosion control practice that involves tracking, scarifying, imprinting, or tilling a disturbed area to provide temporary stabilization of disturbed areas.

D. Site Restoration Plan: Detailed explanation of the Contractor’s proposed means and methods to restore the site to pre-project contours and conditions following substantial completion of the project.

1. The Site Restoration Plan shall contain, but is not limited to, the following:

a. Methods, sequencing, and schedule of site restoration work across the project site.

b. Before, during, and after construction photo log (see Paragraph 3.4).

c. Descriptions, numbers, types, and sizes of equipment proposed to perform restorations.

d. Methods for preventing interference with or damage to Resource Protection Areas.

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e. Methods for controlling surface water and groundwater during site restoration.

f. Proposed locations of temporary stockpiles of excavated material.

g. Plans for implementing dust control measures in conformance with local, county, Park, and state requirements.

h. Site restoration requirements included within SWPPP developed under Section 01

57 23 - Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention.

1.3 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

A. Final site grading shall be completed after placement of soil-cement is completed. This includes, but is not limited to, areas disturbed by the Contractor’s operation beyond the limits of the berms and channels, such as, but not limited to, areas of incidental earthwork, borrow areas, construction traffic/haul routes, stockpile areas, and areas for the storage of equipment or materials.

B. Removal of the Temporary Access Road will be completed after substantial completion of final site grading (Paragraph 1.3.A).

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittal procedures shall conform to the requirements in Section 01 33 23 – Submittal Procedures.

B. Site Restoration Plan:

1. Site Restoration Plan: Site Restoration Plan shall be submitted for review to the Contracting

Officer a minimum of thirty (30) days prior to the beginning of any restoration.

2. The Contracting Officer has the option to provide comments and ask for additional information and then to have the Site Restoration Plan resubmitted until the issue(s) have been adequately resolved to the Contracting Officer’s approval.

3. The Contracting Officer shall have up to fourteen (14) days to review the Site Restoration Plan after every resubmittal.

4. The Contracting Officer is not responsible for any construction delays that result and any costs shall be solely at the Contractor’s expense.

5. Approval of the Site Restoration Plan shall be obtained from the Contracting Officer prior to starting any excavation.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS (NOT USED)

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

A. Temporary construction access road stabilization products shall be removed after substantial completion. Remove any imported materials.

B. Areas disturbed by the Contractor’s operation, such as, but not limited to, areas of incidental earthwork, borrow areas, construction traffic/haul routes, stockpile areas, and areas for the storage of equipment or materials shall be restored to original contours and conditions.

C. Contractor shall restore site to satisfy USACE 404 Individual Permit requirements, which includes, but is not limited to: evidence that all temporary impacts to waters of the U.S. have

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been restored to their original contour by including a description and drawings showing the existing contours and vegetation and the post-construction conditions within 45 days following completion of construction activities.

D. Final restoration of Temporary Access Road shall be deemed acceptable by the Contracting Officer.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Contractor shall utilize Random Embankment Fill Placement as defined within Section 31 23 23

– Fill and Compaction to achieve original contours and conditions.

B. Grade areas to a smooth, even surface with uniform texture.

C. Uniformly place the stockpiled topsoil in a 4-inch thick layer back in locations where originally collected. Minimize compaction of topsoil.

D. Removal of up-gradient erosion control measures.

E. Perform surface roughening.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Final stabilization (revegetation of disturbed areas) will be performed by NPS, which includes:

1. Plantings,

2. Seeding,

3. Mulching,

4. Maintenance of down-gradient erosion control measures,

5. Continuation of regular inspections, and

6. Determine when site has reached required vegetation density NPDES permit requirements.

3.4 PHOTO LOG

A. Per the Clean Water Act 401 Water Quality Certification: Permit Number NV401-19-038, the Contactor shall document conditions before, during and after construction in a photo log. Photos shall include Best Management Practices (BMPs) used to prevent erosion, control sediment and protect water quality. Photos taken at each stage of the project should be documented using the same locations, camera position, view angles and zoom.

END OF SECTION 32 92 00

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SOIL-CEMENT

SECTION 35 42 34 - SOIL-CEMENT

1.1 SUMMARY

Section includes general information and requirements for production and placement of soil-cement.

Related Specification Sections include but are not necessarily limited to:

1. Division 01 – General Requirements.

2. Section 31 23 10 – Excavation

3. Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction

1.2 WORK INCLUDES

Production of soil-cement that meets the requirements provided in this Section.

Placement of soil-cement that meets the requirements provided in this Section and according to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the Plans.

Compaction of soil-cement that meets the requirements provided in this Section.

1.3 REFERENCES

ASTM International (ASTM):

1. ASTM C42/C42M, Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete

2. C109/C109M – Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or (50-mm) Cube Specimens)

3. C150/C150M – Standard Specification for Portland Cement

4. C1602/C1602M – Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in Production of

Hydraulic Cement Concrete

5. C191 – Standard Test Method for Time of Setting Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle

6. AC70 – Standard Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate

7. C566 – Standard Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying

8. D 698 – Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil

Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))

9. D1632 – Making and Curing Soil-Cement Compression and Flexure Test Specimens in the Laboratory

10. D1633 – Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders

11. D2216 – Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by

Mass

12. D2974 – Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils

13. D422 – Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

14. D4318 – Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils

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15. D4959 – Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by Direct Heating

16. D558 – Moisture-Density (Unit Weight) Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures

17. D5982 – Standard Test Method for Determining Cement Content of Fresh Soil-

Cement (Heat of Neutralization Method)

18. D6913/D6913M – Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis

19. D6938 – Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and

Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

20. D806 – Standard Test Method for Cement Content of Hardened Soil-Cement

Mixtures

1.4 DEFINITIONS

Contracting Officer: Includes the Government Contracting Officer (CO).

Unsuitable Material: Trash, rubbish, and junk, vegetation, and other organic matter.

Topsoil: Upper most layer of soil which is capable of supporting plant life.

Soil Aggregate: Soil mixed with cement and water to create soil-cement.

Soil-Cement: The armoring layer comprised of soil aggregate and cement to be placed on the upstream side of the embankment and in the channel.

Portland Cement (cement) shall meet the requirements in ASTM C150/C150M for

Type V cement and the requirements provide in this Section.

Cement Bonding Agent: Consist of a combination of cement and water uniformly mixed and placed in accordance with the requirements in this Section.

Compaction: Consists of placement of fill in compliance with moisture and density requirements provided in this Specification Section.

Optimum Moisture Content: Optimum moisture content determined in accordance with

ASTM D 698.

Cold Joint: A surface within the soil-cement that has aged 12-hours or more.

Lift: The loose uncompacted layer of material.

Unfavorable Weather: Includes by not limited to rain, heavy wind, extreme, or unusual temperatures.

Placement Shift: The period during which a specific crew is assembled to produce and place soil cement, after which the crew is off of work until that group is reassembled for another shift of work. Two or more shifts can follow one another in any calendar day and the stopping of a shift does not necessarily equate to stopping soil cement placement, if a follow on shift has been assembled to continue production and placement.

Soil-Cement Plan: Plan: Detailed explanation of the Contractor’s proposed means and methods to produce, place, and compact soil-cement to the lines and grades shown on the Plans and achieve the requirements in this Section.

1. The Soil-Cement Plan shall contain, but is not limited to, the following:

2. Soil-cement Mix Design(s)

a. Each soil-cement mix design shall have a minimum of five (5) tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D1633 to verify the average unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is over 1000 psi after seven (7) days, with no single test below 900 psi.

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b. Each soil-cement mix design(s) shall have a minimum of five (5) tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D1633 to determine the average unconfined compression strength after twenty four (24) hours.

c. Each mix design shall include the descriptions and proposed dosages or admixtures for the soil-cement and cement bonding agent.

d. Each soil-cement mix design shall include a minimum of three (3) gradation tests performed in accordance with ASTM D422 and one Atterberg Limits test performed in accordance with ASTM D4318 on the proposed soil aggregate source.

e. Cement bonding agent mix design including test results meeting the requirement in this specification.

3. Trial Section

a. Contractor shall prepare a production and placement trial section plan to include:

1) Proposed location and configuration of trial section.

2) A minimum of seven (7) days before soil-cement placement the Contractor shall perform trial mixing and placing to demonstrate the plant and placement equipment, personnel, and QC readiness, and to verify the Contractor’s proposed mix design.

3) The Contractor shall perform the QC testing as required in this specification.

4) Trial placement shall include a minimum of 150 cubic yards of soil-cement involving at least two (2) lifts, mixed and placed that meet the mixing, placing, and QC requirements of this specification.

4. Production and Placement

a. Layout of the mixing plant and material storage areas.

b. Contractor's proposed road pattern which shall stay within the limits of disturbance as shown on the Plans.

c. Description of the processes to be used to manage soil-cement aggregate processing and stockpile development and management areas.

d. Description of water supply and storage for soil-cement production.

e. Description of the soil-cement production plant, including the manufacturer's literature on feed equipment used to deliver the cement and soil aggregate, water controls, plant mixers, and plant peak capacity.

f. Description of the equipment and procedures for the delivery and placing of soil-cement and method of control.

g. Description of procedures to be used to prepare the subgrade for soil-cement placement.

h. Area or length of soil-cement sections to be placed prior to starting compaction operations.

i. Description of the type of compaction equipment to be used.

j. Description of methods that will be used to keep surface continually moist until subsequent layer of soil-cement is placed.

k. Description of application procedure for Cement Bonding Agent for cold joint surface.

l. Joint and lift surface treatments including a description of the location and orientation of all joints, estimated age and treatment of joints and lift surfaces (including proposed curing medium(s) and methods) during production placement.

m. Methods to cure permanently exposed surfaces.

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n. Methods for obtaining core samples.

o. Describe how all required coil-cement testing will be performed and reported.

p. Name(s) and address(s) of the commercial testing lab(s) which will perform the soil testing and inspection.

q. Plans to implement erosion and sediment controls in accordance with Section

01 57 23 – Temporary Storm Water Pollution Prevention.

r. Copy of the soil cement plant fully executed air quality operating permit.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

Submittal procedures shall conform to the requirements in Section 01 33 23 – Submittal procedures.

Soil-Cement Plan:

1. Soil-Cement Plan shall be submitted for review to the CO a minimum of thirty (30) days prior to the beginning of any soil-cement related activities.

2. The CO has option to provide comments and ask for additional information and then to have the Soil-Cement Plan resubmitted until the issue(s) have been adequately resolved to the CO’s approval.

3. The CO shall have up to fourteen (14) days to review the Soil-Cement Plan after every resubmittal.

4. The CO is not responsible for any construction delays that result.

5. Approval of the plan shall be obtained from the CO prior to starting any soil-cement related activities.

Quality Control (QC) Submittals:

1. The Contractor shall submit all test results within twenty four (24) hours from completion of the testing.

Certificates

1. Certified laboratory certificates for the cement shall be submitted a minimum of thirty (30) days before delivery to the project site.

Admixtures

1. Proposed admixtures shall be included in the mix design and submitted for review to the CO a minimum of thirty (30) days prior to the beginning of any soil-cement related activities.

PART 2 – MATERIALS

2.1 MATERIALS

Cement shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Cement shall meet the requirements in ASTM C150/C150M for Type V cement.

2. Transportation to the soil-cement plant shall be accomplished by means and methods that will protect the cement completely from exposure to moisture.

3. Cement shall be stored in a dry and properly ventilated structure.

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Water used in production of soil-cement shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Water used for producing soil-cement shall meet the requirements established in ASTM C1602/C1602M for ready mixed concrete.

2. Only freshly pumped water from Lake Mohave shall be used.

Soil Aggregate shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Shall have a maximum particle size of 2 inches with no more than 10% greater than the 3/4 inch sieve, unless otherwise accepted by the CO.

2. No more than 10% passing the #200 sieve, unless accepted by the CO.

3. Shall be free of clay balls and concentrations of material passing the #200 sieve.

4. Shall contain no unsuitable material or topsoil and have an organic content less than two (2) percent.

Soil-Cement shall be composed of cement, water, and soil aggregates and conform to the following requirements:

1. The contractor shall only produce and place soil-cement produced according to mix design(s) approved in the Soil-Cement Plan.

2. The unconfined compression strength (UCS) of the soil-cement shall be determined as the 5-point moving average of tests performed in accordance with ASTM D1633 and shall have a minimum average compressive strength of 1000 psi after seven (7) days with no single value less than 900 psi after seven (7) days.

3. Should the 5-point moving average of the seven (7) day compressive strength test results fall below 1000-psi the, the CO reserves the right to make appropriate adjustments to the quantity of cement.

4. At the time of compaction the moisture content shall not be less than 1 percentage point below optimum moisture content and shall not be more than 2 percentage points above optimum moisture content.

5. The in-place compacted density shall be determined as the 5-point moving average of tests performed in accordance with ASTM D6938 and shall have an average of at least 98 percent of the maximum dry density with no single value less than 95 percent of the maximum dry density.

6. CO shall observe and approve all testing locations.

Cement Bonding Agent shall consist of a combination of Portland cement and water uniformly mixed and conform to the following requirements:

1. The cement and water shall be mixed long enough to suspend all cement and to ensure a uniform and homogenous mixture in appearance.

2. An initial set time at 95 degrees F (ASTM C191) of greater than three (3) hours.

3. A seven (7) day unconfined compressive strength of least 2,000 psi when tested in accordance with ASTM C109/C109M.

4. The total elapsed time from the addition of water to the cement to the application of the cement bonding agent shall not exceed thirty (30) minutes.

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Chemical Admixtures can be used in the soil-cement and cement bonding agent mix, they shall conform to the following:

1. Chemical admixtures are subject to the approval of the CO and shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 23 – Submittal Procedures and the requirements in this Section.

2. Usage shall be in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 BORROW DEVELOPMENT

Soil aggregate material for use in soil-cement shall be provided by the Contractor from within the borrow areas shown on the Plans, or excavated materials meeting to soil cement aggregate requirements.

The Contractor is responsible for maintaining safe and stable borrow excavations under all borrow management activities.

The Contractor is responsible for properly directing, routing, managing surface water to avoid contamination or loss of the borrow soils.

Processed soil aggregate shall be stored in stockpiles at the site within reasonable proximity of the mixing and proportioning plant in such a way as to avoid segregation or contamination by foreign materials

The soil aggregate shall be thoroughly mixed to produce a consistent gradation throughout.

Sufficient soil aggregate shall be maintained at the site at all times to permit continuous, uninterrupted operation of the soil-cement plant during production.

3.2 PRODUCTION, MIXING, AND TRANSPORTING

The Contractor shall provide soil cement plant and production records providing mix design and mix constituent batch weights within 2 hour of each placement shift.

If a continuous mixing plant is used, mix constituent quantities shall be recorded every hour of production and provided to the CO within 2 hours of each placement shift.

The soil-cement production plant shall be operated to produce a uniform and homogeneous mixture.

Should the mix be found not to be homogeneous or not meeting compression strength or density requirements, soil-cement production shall be suspended and additional plant uniformity testing and review of the mix design shall be performed and necessary measures taken to re-establish and demonstrate mix uniformity.

Soil-cement shall not be placed until the Contractor can demonstrate to the CO that the soil-cement meeting the specifications can be produced.

The total soil-cement production time between the addition of water to final shall not exceed 60 minutes, unless approved by the CO.

Soil-cement shall be hauled from the mixer to the placing site in clean equipment equipped with protective covers for use in unfavorable weather.

3.3 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

The previously constructed underlying material shall be as specified in Section 31 23 23 – Fill and Compaction.

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At no expense to the Government, the Contractor shall protect and repair, if needed, the prepared subgrade until soil cement is placed.

The condition of the subgrade shall be approved by the CO prior to placing soil-cement.

3.4 TEMPERATURE AND WEATHER REQUIREMENTS

The soil-cement shall not be placed when the ambient shaded air temperature exceeds 90 degrees F or is less than 35 degrees F, unless approved in writing by the CO.

When the maximum daily air temperature is forecast to exceed 90 degrees F, the Contractor shall record the temperature of the soil-cement mixture at 30-minute intervals during placement and stop placement when the soil-cement mixture exceeds 90 degrees F.

The Contractor shall provide cold weather protection for soil-cement already placed if the temperature is expected to drop below 40 degrees F.

Soil cement shall not be transported or placed during unfavorable weather unless approved by the CO.

If rainfall or wind-caused surface drying prevent required compaction, the soil cement surface should be immediately sealed with compaction and unacceptable materials shall be removed and the new placement surface prepared solely at the Contractors expense.

3.5 SURVEYING

Contractor shall provide all surveying and staking necessary for construction activities, construction layout, and to document the as-constructed condition in the record drawings (Section 01 31 00 – Project Management and Coordination).

3.6 PLACING AND SPREADING

The soil-cement mix shall be placed and distributed in such a manner as to produce a smooth surface with uniform thickness.

Soil-cement shall be placed with a minimum compacted lift thickness of six (6) inches and a maximum compacted lift thickness of 9 inches, unless effective consolidation and compaction can be demonstrated and a different thickness is approved by the CO.

Compacted lift thickness shall not exceed twelve (12) inches.

When using light, walk-behind, or similar sized vibratory compactors and mechanical tampers, lift thicknesses shall have a minimum thickness of four (4) inches and not exceed six (6) inches, unless effective consolidation and compaction can be demonstrated and a different thickness is approved by the CO.

Previously constructed layers shall be cleaned of loose and foreign matter by pressurized air or by sweeping with power sweepers of power brooms. The cleaned soil-cement shall be maintained in a moist condition until placement of cement slurry bonding agent at cold joints or the next layer is placed.

Adequate drainage shall be provided during the entire construction period to prevent water from collecting or standing on the soil-cement.

Any damage resulting to previously compacted layers from construction operations shall be repaired by the Contractor no expense to the Government.

A detailed record shall be kept of the locations and extents of the use of differing mix designs and where soil-cement was placed for each day of production.

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3.7 COMPACTION

At the start of compaction, the mixture shall be in a uniform, loose condition throughout its full depth.

Compaction shall be done in such a manner as to produce a dense reasonably smooth surface, free of compaction planes or other visual defects.

Forms, if used, shall be coated with a bond-breaker compound that is compatible with soil-cement and forms shall be adequately secured so that the forms do not move more than 0.25 inches during the placement and compaction process.

The in-place compacted density shall be determined as the 5-point moving average of tests performed in accordance with ASTM D6938 and shall have an average of at least 98 percent of the maximum dry density obtained with no single value less than 95 percent of the maximum dry density.

At the time of compaction the moisture content shall not be less than 1 percentage point below optimum moisture content and shall not be more than 2 percentage points above optimum moisture content.

If any lift is inadequately compacted placing shall be discontinued until such time as that lift has been reworked, retested, and/or replaced to meet the compaction density requirements.

3.8 JOINTS/LIFTS

All transverse and vertical joints shall be offset 8 feet between lifts to avoid any continuous joint through the soil-cement, unless approved by the CO.

Contact surfaces of previously soil-cement that have become coated with dust, sand, or other objectionable material shall be cleaned by power bushing or other methods approved by the CO, and treated with cement bonding agent before placement of additional soil-cement.

If more than three (3) hours elapse after placement and compaction of a lift before placement of the overlying lift, a cement bonding agent shall be applied to the top of the underlying lift, unless approved by the CO.

Cold joints shall be scarified, cleaned of laitance and debris, and cement bonding agent applied prior to new soil cement placement.

The cement bonding agent shall completely cover the area to be bonded, and shall be placed immediately prior to spreading the overlying soil-cement layer.

The total elapsed time from application of the cement bonding agent to the spreading of the overlying soil-cement layer shall not exceed 30 minutes.

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