Attachment VII - Field Sampling Plan.pdf

Field Sampling Plan Royal Electric Yard, Sykesville, Maryland Phase II – Environmental Site Assessment

May 2026

Prepared for:

Environmental Protection Agency Targeted Brownfields Assessment Program EPA Mid-Atlantic, Region 3 Four Penn Center 1600 John F. Kennedy Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19103-2852

Royal Electric Yard, Sykesville, MD Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan ii

Title and Approval Page Document Title: Field Sampling Plan, Royal Electric Yard, Sykesville, MD, Phase II ESA

Prepared By: U.S. DOT Volpe National Transportation Systems Center 220 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, 617-494-2000

Interagency Agreement: VX20A125

Version: 1.0

Dated: 26 May 2026

This Field Sampling Plan supplements the U.S. DOT Volpe Brownfields Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan (EPA QA Document Control # 250161).

U.S DOT Volpe Program Manager: Michelle Heimgartner, Senior Environmental Engineer

U.S. DOT Volpe QA Officer: Christopher Zevitas, Sc.D., Senior Environmental Engineer

EPA QA Reviewer: EPA Region 3 Applied Science and Quality Assurance Branch Delegated Approving Official

EPA Brownfields Program Officer: Christian Smith, EPA Brownfields & Revitalization Branch

CPAULEY

Sticky Note Accepted set by CPAULEY

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan iii

Document Control

Distributed to:

U.S. EPA Region 3 Targeted Brownfields Assessment Program Officers

Smith.Christian@epa.gov Farver.Dawn@epa.gov

U.S. DOT Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Michelle.Heimgartner@dot.gov Chris.Zevitas@dot.gov H.TalbotWendlandt@dot.gov Jacob.Klaybor@dot.gov

Version Changes Effective Date

1.0 Original Document 05/26/2026

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan iv

Table of Contents

1.0 Project Organization & Personnel Responsibilities

2.0 Problem Definition & Project Objectives

2.1 Site Background

2.2 Previous Investigations

2.3 Contaminants of Concern

2.4 Investigation Objectives

3.0 Scope of Work

3.1 Geophysical Survey

3.2 Utility Clearance

3.3 Test Pitting

3.4 Soil Boring Advancement and Soil Sampling

3.5 Sample Location and Elevation Survey

3.6 Reporting

4.0 Sampling Design

4.1 Sampling Locations

4.2 Sample Analysis

5.0 Investigation-Derived Waste Management

6.0 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

6.1 Field Quality Control

6.2 Laboratory Quality Control

6.3 Data Validation and Evaluation

6.4 Data Quality Objectives

6.5 Data Management

7.0 Project Timeline

8.0 References

Tables Table 1: Personnel Responsibilities Table 2: Potential Contaminants of Concern Table 3: Sample Summary Table 4: Field Quality Control Samples Table 5: Project Timeline

CPAULEY

Sticky Note Accepted set by CPAULEY

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan v

Figures Figure 1: Site Location Figure 2: Site Layout Figure 3: Proposed Test Pit and Soil Boring Locations

Acronyms and Abbreviations ATC Anticipated typical concentration ACM asbestos-containing material COC contaminant of concern EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency ESA environmental site assessment FSP field sampling plan

ft. bgs feet below ground surface GPS global positioning system MDE Maryland Department of the Environment PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PFAS per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances PID photoionization detector QA quality assurance QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan REC recognized environmental condition RL reporting limit SOP standard operating procedure SVOC semivolatile organic compound TBA targeted brownfields assessment VOC volatile organic compound Volpe United States Department of Transportation Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 1

1.0 Project Organization & Personnel Responsibilities

In support of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 3 Targeted Brownfields Assessment (TBA) Program, the United States Department of Transportation Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe) will perform a Phase II environmental site assessment (ESA).

Personnel responsibilities for this project are included in Table 1 and will be organized as depicted in the graphic below. The project team may be supplemented with additional Volpe scientists and engineers as needed. Any significant changes in staffing or project roles and responsibilities will be brought to the attention of the EPA Project Officer who will advise on the need for amending this plan.

Table 1: Personnel Responsibilities Role Name Title Phone EPA Project Officer Christian Smith Project Officer 215-814-3302 EPA Quality Assurance (QA) Officer Delegated Official Quality Assurance Branch - TBA Applicant Contact Joe Cosentini Town Manager 410-795-8959 Property Owner Contact George Slack, Jr. Royal Electric, Inc. Owner 410-365-6672 Volpe Program Manager Michelle Heimgartner Senior Environmental Engineer 617-494-2098 Volpe Project Manager Jacob Klaybor Environmental Engineer 617-494-3053 Volpe Field Operations Haley Talbot-Wendlandt Physical Scientist 857-259-9303 Volpe QA Officer Christopher Zevitas Senior Environmental Engineer 617-494-3611 Laboratory (Soil and GW) Pace Analytical Analytical Laboratory 800-624-9220 Geophysical Surveyor TBD Geophysical Surveyor - Drilling TBD Driller - Sample Location Surveyor TBD/As Needed Licensed Surveyor -

EPA Quality Assurance Officer

Delegated Official

EPA Project Officer Christian Smith

Volpe Program Manager

Michelle Heimgartner

Volpe Quality Assurance Officer

Christopher Zevitas Volpe Project

Manager

Jacob Klaybor

Field Operations

Haley Talbot-Wendlandt

Sampling Team

Volpe Support Staff

Geophysical Surveyor

TBD

Drilling Contractor

TBD

Sample Location Surveyor

TBD/As Needed

Waste Disposal Contractor

TBD

Data Operations

Jacob Klaybor

Laboratory

Pace Analytical

Data Processing

Volpe Support Staff

TBA Applicant

Town of Sykesville

TBA Applicant Representative

Joe Cosentini

State Regulator

MDE

Property Owner

Royal Electric, Inc.

Property Representative

George Slack, Jr.

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 2

Waste Disposal Contractor TBD Waste Disposal -

2.0 Problem Definition & Project Objectives

2.1 Site Background

The Royal Electric Yard (the Site) is an approximately 4.1-acre parcel (Maryland Tax Account Number #05- 072190) located at 7512 Main St, Sykesville, Maryland 21784. The Site is located adjacent to Sykesville’s historic main street district. Sykesville is located within Carroll County and is north of the Patapsco River, which forms the boundary with Howard County (Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation, 2025). The Site is located at the following coordinates: 39.367539, -76.970740.

Major features at the Site include a warehouse, adjacent woodworking shed, gravel parking lot, and access road in the southern portion, and an unmaintained wooded area in the northern portion. Due to a pending sale of the Site, the primary area of interest is limited to the northern half of the property. The Site generally slopes to the south, with the wooded area alternating between relatively flat terraces and steeper slopes. The area surrounding the warehouse is relatively flat with a gentle slope to the south.

Runoff from the Site is presumed to flow southeast and into the town’s stormwater conveyance system.

The warehouse has gutters which are piped underground and drain out of the retaining wall and down the Subject Property’s access road. Groundwater is generally expected to flow from north to south, towards the Patapsco River. A review of the Natural Resources Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey shows that the soil located at the Subject Property primarily consists of silt loam, loam, and complexes. The area just south of the warehouse is underlain by Glenville-urban land-Udorthents complex, which indicates possible presence of fill material. The Site location, parcel boundaries, and area of interest are shown in Figure 1.

A review of historical records, interviews, and user-provided information found that, from 1992 to the present, the Royal Electric Yard has been operated as a storage yard for Royal Electric, Inc. Prior to Royal Electric purchasing the Subject Property in 1992, the property was operated as an automobile junkyard by J&B Motors, Inc. No records of site use prior to J&B Motors’ ownership have been identified. The Springfield Hospital Railroad spur adjoins the Subject Property, but this spur has been out of use since the 1960s and is currently overgrown and appears unmaintained.

At the time of the February 2026 Phase I ESA, the Site was owned by Royal Electric, Inc. The warehouse was in use as industrial storage, and small quantities of hazardous substances were present including a fire extinguisher, fluorescent light fixtures, compressed gas canisters, portable gas canisters, and one 55-gallon drum. The woodworking shed contained small quantities of substances such as acetone, wood stains primers, varnishes, cleaners, and lubricants. Figure 2 shows the layout of buildings at the Site.

The Town of Sykesville had expressed interest in acquiring the Site to develop a pedestrian/bicycle trail which would link a residential area and Sykesville’s historic downtown. However, a new buyer is expected to acquire the Site. The buyer will allow development of a pedestrian/bicycle trail through the northern portion of the Site only.

A full Site description with detailed information on history, uses, ownership, features, and previous

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 3 environmental investigations is provided in Phase I – Environmental Site Assessment, Royal Electric Yard, Sykesville, Maryland (Volpe, 2026). Please see the Phase I ESA report for additional details, figures, and records.

2.2 Previous Investigations

A Phase I ESA was completed in 2026 for the Site, which is planned for redevelopment (Volpe, 2026). The 2026 Phase I report concluded that the property has one recognized environmental condition (REC1):

• Automotive junking activities historically occurred at the Subject Property. Interviews, records, and historical imagery identified former automotive activities by J&B Motors, Inc. across the entire Subject Property as well as one adjoining property. Site reconnaissance activities identified small, partially buried piles of automotive debris in the northern, wooded portion of the site. The presence of some automotive debris indicates that hazardous substances or petroleum products may be present among the debris. An environmental covenant is in place at an adjoining property to address contamination presumably relating to former automotive activities conducted by J&B Motors, Inc. There is a likely presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products at the Subject Property based on the known presence of automotive debris; the possible presence of additional, belowground debris; and the reported contamination at an adjoining property.

Materials potentially associated with former automotive operations may include, but are not limited to: used oils, brake and hydraulic fluids, gasoline and diesel fuels, mercury switches, asbestos brake parts, refrigerants, metals, batteries, and antifreezes.

De minimis conditions and business environmental risks include the presence of petroleum products, cleaners, and other commercial products with no evidence of mismanagement; railroad tracks adjoining the Site, with potential for impacts from wood treatment chemicals in railroad ties and/or herbicide use along the tracks; and possible presence of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) or other hazardous building materials such as lead-based paint and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) based on the ages of the structures.

Volpe conducted a site walk on November 5, 2025 as part of the Phase I ESA. No other environmental investigations are known to have occurred at the Site.

2.3 Contaminants of Concern

There are no confirmed contaminants of concern (COCs) as no environmental samples are known to have been collected at the Site. Based on the historical automotive junking activities at and near the Site, the presence of the rail spur, and the age of Site structures, a range of potential COCs have been identified at the Site for investigation and are summarized in Table 2 (Gaines, 2022; Indiana Department of Environmental Management, 2021; MDE, 2018).

1 A REC is the presence or likely presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products on a property, indicating a past, current, or potential release into the environment.

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 4

Table 2: Potential Contaminants of Concern Source Potentially

Affected Media Location Potential Contaminants

Au to m ot iv e m at er ia ls fr om h ist or ic ju nk in g

Antifreeze Soil and groundwater

Sitewide Metals

Batteries Soil and groundwater

Sitewide Lead, cadmium, pH

Petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, motor oil, hydraulic fluids)

Soil and groundwater

Sitewide Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), diesel range organics (DRO), gasoline range organics (GRO)

Mercury switches Soil and groundwater

Sitewide Mercury

Brake parts Soil and groundwater

Sitewide Asbestos

Vehicle fluff1 Soil and groundwater

Sitewide Metals, PCBs

Refrigerants Soil and groundwater

Sitewide VOCs (including naphthalene)

Fuel hose and brake line coatings, O-rings

Soil and groundwater

Sitewide Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

(PFAS)2

Interior textiles Soil and groundwater

Sitewide PFAS

Railroad ties Soil and groundwater

Near rail spur Pesticides, herbicides

1. Vehicle fluff refers to small pieces of debris that are produced when shredding automobiles. Debris may include metals, rubber, textiles, glass, and/or plastic.

2. PFAS are potentially present in many automotive parts, including coatings on tubing components (fuel hoses and brake lines); O-rings and other seals; interior textiles; and electronic parts (Gaines, 2022). There is only limited information available on PFAS use, but available data indicate that larger quantities of PFAS are utilized in industries such as plastic, rubber, and electronics production, compared to automotive uses (Gluge, et al., 2020).

2.4 Investigation Objectives

The objective of this Phase II ESA investigation is to determine if the historical activities at the Site or nearby sites have impacted soil or groundwater at the Site. Laboratory analytical data from soil samples obtained through the advancement of test pits and soil borings will be compared the Soil Residential Clean-up Standard established by Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) to assess any impacts from potential COCs (MDE, 2018).

Laboratory analytical data will also be compared to the MDE Protection of Groundwater Standard. If contaminants are identified in soil at concentrations above the Protection of Groundwater Standard, groundwater sampling may be necessary as part of a Supplemental Phase II.

This Phase II ESA design is guided by ASTM E1903-19 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Process and the MDE Cleanup Standards for Soil and Groundwater (ASTM, 2019; MDE, 2018).

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 5

3.0 Scope of Work

The Phase II ESA investigation includes the tasks described in the following subsections, which will be conducted in accordance with the approved Volpe Brownfields Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) (Volpe, 2025) and applicable Volpe Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). A schedule for these tasks is provided in Section 7.0.

3.1 Geophysical Survey

A geophysical survey is planned to identify potential buried debris stemming from historical automotive junking operations at the Site. The geophysical survey shall be completed by a person qualified and experienced in geophysical surveying and shall incorporate the use of appropriate geophysical sensing equipment (e.g., electromagnetic conductivity, ground penetrating radar, and magnetometry) to detect potential buried debris and identify its anticipated depth and extent. The survey will be conducted in an approximately 25 ft. x 25 ft. area centered around each of the six proposed test pit areas as described in Section 3.4, which are targeted to areas with observed surface and/or partially buried debris. These areas are shown in Figure 3. All geophysical anomalies will be recorded, mapped, and summarized in a report prepared by the surveyor.

The survey may be modified based on the professional opinion of the surveyor on-site and with the approval of the Volpe Project Manager. The extent of a surveyed area may be extended to follow an identified feature or if field observations identify additional areas to be surveyed.

3.2 Utility Clearance

During the geophysical survey, the surveyor will clear each proposed soil boring and test pit location of utilities. Additionally, Call-Before-You-Dig services will be notified prior to any soil boring or test pitting activities. The presence of utilities may require the sampling locations proposed in this plan to be modified. These activities will be conducted in accordance with Volpe SOP-002 Site Access and Utility Clearance.

3.3 Test Pitting

Volpe will excavate up to six test pits in the vicinity of surficial or partially buried debris piles to identify the extent of potential buried debris. Test pits will be excavated in accordance with Volpe SOP-007 Test Pit Exploration. Test pits will be 3 feet wide and advanced to the bottom of any identified buried debris in order to determine the extent of the debris pile. If no debris is encountered, the test pit will be completed at a depth of approximately 5 feet below ground surface (ft. bgs).

Soil headspace from each test pit will be field-screened for volatiles using a calibrated miniRAE 3000 photoionization detector (PID) with a 10.6 electron volt lamp. Soil lithology will be characterized and recorded in the field notebook. One soil sample will be collected with a hand trowel from each test pit as described in Section 4.0 Sampling Design. Soil samples will be screened and collected in accordance with Volpe SOP-003 Description and Identification of Soils, SOP-004 Soil Headspace Screening for Volatile

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 6

Organic Compounds (VOCs), and SOP-018 Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination. A further discussion on sample design and analytical methods is included in Section 4.0.

Potentially hazardous debris or grossly contaminated soil removed from a test pit will not be placed back into the ground. It will be segregated and handled as described in Section 5.0 Investigation Derived Waste.

All other soil and materials will be placed back into the test pit from which they originated.

3.4 Soil Boring Advancement and Soil Sampling

A drilling contractor will advance 10 soil borings shown in Figure 3. The borings will be drilled in accordance with Volpe SOP-010 Direct Push Technique Drilling and advanced to a depth of 10 ft. bgs or to the top of the water table (whichever is shallower) unless refusal is encountered at a shallower depth. If refusal that is not believed to be bedrock is encountered, a second attempt will be made to advance the boring at an adjacent offset location. White flags will be placed at each boring for future locating. Further discussion on the placement of soil borings is included in Section 4.0 Sampling Design.

Soil headspace from each boring will be field-screened for volatiles in six-inch intervals using a calibrated miniRAE 3000 PID with a 10.6 electron volt lamp. Soil lithology will be characterized and recorded in soil boring logs. Two grab soil samples will be collected from a 2-inch macro-core at each boring as described in Section 4.0 Sampling Design. Soil samples will be screened and collected in accordance with Volpe SOP- 003 Description and Identification of Soils, SOP-004 Soil Headspace Screening for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and SOP-018 Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination. A further discussion on sample design and analytical methods is included in Section 4.0.

Soil samples will be handled in accordance with Volpe SOP-019 Sample Labeling, Packaging, and Shipping.

Samples will be sent to Pace Analytical Services for laboratory analysis.

Following sample collection, completed borings will be backfilled to surface grade with drill cuttings (unless grossly contaminated) from the boring from which they were removed and additional clean material as needed. If drill cuttings are grossly contaminated, they will be containerized in drums and sampled to determine whether the material is hazardous in accordance with Volpe SOP-020 Investigation Derived Waste Management.

3.5 Sample Location and Elevation Survey

Following the advancement of soil borings and the construction of groundwater monitoring wells, a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit will be utilized to measure the location coordinates and elevation of all borings and the center of each test pit. If the handheld GPS unit can achieve accuracy within ±2 ft., this data will be considered sufficiently accurate and will be utilized in Volpe deliverables. If sufficient accuracy is not achieved with a handheld GPS, Volpe will consult with EPA and determine whether a professional survey is warranted.

Soil borings will be marked with a white flag or ribbon and photographed for future locating. Coordinates will be provided in the North American Datum 1983 StatePlane Maryland FIPS 1900 (US Feet) projected coordinate system. Elevation will be measured consistent with the North American Vertical Datum of

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 7

1988. Elevation measurements will be made at the ground surface.

3.6 Reporting

This assessment will be summarized in a Phase II ESA Report that will include relevant data tables, figures, and analytical reports in addition to a written description of the site background, methods, field activities, findings, and recommendations. The report will be submitted electronically to the EPA Project Officer and shared with the TBA applicant to inform decision making and next steps to advance the Site towards redevelopment.

4.0 Sampling Design

4.1 Sampling Locations

Soil samples will be collected at the Site from a total of 10 borings in a sitewide grid and up to 6 test pits in the vicinity of the debris piles identified as part of a REC during the 2026 Phase I ESA.

Within each boring, two soil samples will be collected at different depths: one surficial soil sample from 0 to 1 ft. bgs and a subsurface soil sample directly above the water table or from the bottom of the boring if groundwater is not encountered. However, if potential contamination is observed based on soil screening results (e.g., variable PID readings or visual/olfactory signs of contamination within the boring), then the subsurface soil sample will be collected from the interval with the highest PID reading or visible sign of contamination.

One soil sample will be collected at the center of the bottom of each test pit if no signs of contamination or debris are encountered. If visual/olfactory signs of contamination are observed, then the sample will be collected from that impacted horizon instead. If debris is encountered which prevents sample collection at the center of the bottom of the test pit, then the sample will be collected from the bottom of the test pit at the closest possible location to the center of the pit. If any automotive debris is encountered within the test pit that has painted surfaces or may comprise potentially ACM, a small piece of the debris will be removed or cut (if physically possible) and submitted for analysis for lead or asbestos, respectively. If debris is not encountered within the test pit, automotive debris from within the surficial pile will be inspected and a representative sample of material suspected to contain lead-based paint or ACM will be removed or cut and submitted for lead or asbestos analysis.

Sample locations are provided in Figure 3. The rationale for proposed boring and pitting locations and for planned analyses is described below. Final sample locations and analyses may be subject to change, with the approval of the Volpe Project Manager, based on site conditions.

Soil Borings Automotive junking activities historically occurred across the entire Site and at least one adjoining property. Site reconnaissance activities identified small, partially buried piles of automotive debris in the northern, wooded portion of the site. Soil boring locations are planned along a grid to cover the northern portion of the site. The northern portion is the primary area of interest due to an agreement with the buyer, who will allow construction of a trail through the northern portion of the property only. Some soil

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 8 boring locations are shifted slightly from the grid because the area of interest is irregularly shaped and the grid would place those boring locations at the very edge of the property. The shifted locations will allow sampling closer to the center of the property. These locations are:

• ROYAL-SB-107 and ROYAL-SB-108: each shifted 12 ft. southwest

• ROYAL-SB-109: shifted 45 ft. northeast

• ROYAL-SB-110: shifted 30 ft. northwest

For the borings adjacent to the abandoned railroad tracks, additional analysis of pesticides and herbicides will be conducted to determine possible impacts from historical track maintenance activities.

Test Pits Up to 6 test pits are planned across the site. One test pit will be advanced in the vicinity of any observed debris pile. If more than 6 debris piles are observed, the Volpe Project Manager will select the 6 largest piles to advance test pits. Potential locations for the test pits are included in Figure 3 based on observations during the site walk. However, GPS readings were not taken during the site walk, so these locations should be considered approximate and subject to change.

4.2 Sample Analysis

For all boring locations, samples will be collected from the surface soil (0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs) and deeper soil, and each sample will be analyzed for chemicals associated with historic site use (MDE, 2018). A summary of all samples to be collected and analyzed during the Phase II ESA is provided in Table 3 below. The analyses at each boring location reflect the potential COCs (metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, and PCBs) identified in Table 2, with the exception of PFAS (see discussion below).

The analysis will be conducted by the laboratory in accordance with the analytical methods and SOPs identified in Volpe Generic Brownfields QAPP. The QAPP also identifies the container, preservation, and holding time requirements associated with each analysis. Metals analysis will include speciation of chromium to determine the concentration of both trivalent and hexavalent chromium.

PFAS

If the Volpe Project Manager identifies a compelling reason to include PFAS analysis for any sample, such as large quantities of textiles or tubing components observed in debris piles, they will contact the EPA Project Officer by phone or email to discuss adding PFAS analysis. If the EPA Project Officer concurs that PFAS analysis is warranted, the Volpe Project Manager will proceed with collecting samples for PFAS analysis.

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 9

Table 3: Sample Summary Location ID Location Description Source(s) Sample ID Sample

Matrix Sample Depth or Interval Laboratory Analysis

ROYAL-SB-101 In the far north portion of the wooded area, near northern tip of Site

Automotive junking, railroad ties

ROYAL-SS-101(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, herbicides, pesticides ROYAL-SS-101(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, herbicides, pesticides

ROYAL-SB-102 In the north portion of the wooded area, southwest of ROYAL-SB-101

Automotive junking, railroad ties

ROYAL-SS-102(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, herbicides, pesticides ROYAL-SS-102(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, herbicides, pesticides

ROYAL-SB-103 In the north portion of the wooded area wooded area, east of ROYAL-SB-

Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-103(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH ROYAL-SS-103(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH

ROYAL-SB-104 In the middle portion of the wooded area, southwest of ROYAL-SB-102

Automotive junking, railroad ties

ROYAL-SS-104(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, herbicides, pesticides ROYAL-SS-104(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, herbicides, pesticides

ROYAL-SB-105 In the middle portion of the wooded area, south of ROYAL-SB-102

Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-105(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH ROYAL-SS-105(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH

ROYAL-SB-106 In the south portion of the wooded area, south of ROYAL-SB-104

Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-106(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH ROYAL-SS-106(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH

ROYAL-SB-107 In the south portion of the wooded area, south of ROYAL-SB-105

Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-107(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH ROYAL-SS-107(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH

ROYAL-SB-108 North of the junction between the gravel parking lot and access road

Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-108(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH ROYAL-SS-108(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH

ROYAL-SB-109 East of the access road Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-109(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH ROYAL-SS-109(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH

ROYAL-SB-110 South of the gravel parking lot, near southern tip of the Site

Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-110(XX) Soil 0.0 to 1.0 ft. bgs Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH ROYAL-SS-110(XX) Soil 6 in. above water table or highest PID Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH

ROYAL-PIT-101 Bottom of Test Pit #1 Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-111(XX) Soil 5.0 ft. bgs or bottom/side of test pit Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, PFAS* ROYAL-BULK-111 Bulk Where available Asbestos, lead paint

ROYAL-PIT-102 Bottom of Test Pit #2 Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-112(XX) Soil 5.0 ft. bgs or bottom/side of test pit Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, PFAS* ROYAL- BULK-112 Bulk Where available Asbestos, lead paint

ROYAL-PIT-103 Bottom of Test Pit #3 Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-113(XX) Soil 5.0 ft. bgs or bottom/side of test pit Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, PFAS* ROYAL- BULK-113 Bulk Where available Asbestos, lead paint

ROYAL-PIT-104 Bottom of Test Pit #4 Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-114(XX) Soil 5.0 ft. bgs or bottom/side of test pit Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, PFAS* ROYAL- BULK-114 Bulk Where available Asbestos, lead paint

ROYAL-PIT-105 Bottom of Test Pit #5 Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-115(XX) Soil 5.0 ft. bgs or bottom/side of test pit Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, PFAS* ROYAL- BULK-115 Bulk Where available Asbestos, lead paint

ROYAL-PIT-106 Bottom of Test Pit #6 Automotive junking ROYAL-SS-116(XX) Soil 5.0 ft. bgs or bottom/side of test pit Metals, VOCs, SVOCs, DRO, GRO, PCBs, pH, PFAS* ROYAL- BULK-116 Bulk Where available Asbestos, lead paint

*PFAS analysis (by EPA Method 1633) only if directed by EPA Project Officer

1. This table does not include quality control samples, which are shown in Table 5.

2. XX in the sample ID will correspond to the actual depth or interval (in feet below ground surface) from which sample is collected, which will be incorporated into the sample ID.

3. Source(s) are identified in Table 2.

4. Metals analysis includes analysis for TAL metals (aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, calcium, hexavalent and trivalent chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, nickel, potassium, selenium, silver, sodium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc) by EPA Methods 6010D, 7196A, and 7471B.

5. VOCs analysis by EPA Method 8260D.

6. SVOCs analysis by EPA Method 8270E.

7. DRO and GRO analysis by EPA Method 8015D.

8. PCBs analysis by EPA Method 8082.

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 10

Secondary data to be collected in the field includes:

• Soil descriptions and classifications which will be recorded in the Volpe Boring and Well

Construction Log to document soil characteristics, following Volpe SOP-003 Description and Identification of Soils and Volpe SOP-010 Direct Push Technique Drilling.

• PID readings taken in six-inch intervals along soil cores to screen for volatiles, following Volpe SOP- 022 Vapor and Air Screening Using PID/FID Instruments. Readings will be recorded in the Volpe Boring Log.

• Depth to groundwater (if encountered) will be recorded in the Volpe Groundwater Level Measurement Log.

5.0 Investigation-Derived Waste Management

Investigation-derived waste will be managed following Volpe SOP-020 Investigation Derived Waste Management. PPE and disposable equipment will be placed in a plastic garbage bag for disposal in a dumpster. Drill cuttings and excavated test pitting soil will be placed back into the borings or pits from which they were removed unless they are grossly contaminated. Grossly contaminated soil or potentially hazardous materials removed from test pits and borings will be segregated and placed into a metal drum or appropriate container for proper characterization and offsite disposal. Material will be determined to be grossly contaminated by the onsite Volpe representative based on visual, olfactory, or PID readings.

6.0 Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Quality assurance and quality control procedures will be followed as they are described in the Volpe Generic Brownfields QAPP. Procedures for this Phase II ESA are summarized below.

6.1 Field Quality Control

Field oversight will be conducted by the Volpe Project Manager, who will remain in at least daily contact with the Volpe Program Manager. Contact information for project personnel is provided in Section 1.0 of this field sampling plan (FSP). Field procedures will follow the Volpe SOPs that are included in Appendix A of the QAPP. Field Quality Control samples will be collected in accordance with the QAPP and as summarized in Table 4 below.

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 11

Table 4: Field Quality Control Samples Sample Type Frequency Est.

Num.

Acceptance Criteria Corrective Action

Cooler Temperature Indicator

One per cooler, per shipment

6 4°C +/- 2°C Resample, and/or qualify data

Field Duplicate Minimum one per 20 samples per matrix and parameter or one per day, whichever is more frequent

3 RPD ≤ 50% for soil samples with concentrations >5x reporting limit (RL)

Review laboratory precision, sampling consistency, sample homogeneity, and include a qualifying statement

Matrix Spike/ Matrix Spike Duplicate

One per 20 samples per matrix and parameter or one per day, whichever is more frequent

3 Review laboratory method limits (Generic QAPP App. B).

Reanalyze and/or qualify data

Equipment Rinsate Blank1

One per day per matrix, equipment used, and parameter per equipment type per decontamination event or one per day, whichever is more frequent

1 All compounds are <RL;

except for common laboratory contaminants (acetone, methylene chloride, and 2-butanone), which should be <2x RL

All compounds that are present in a sample at a concentration of less than or equal to 10 times the concentration in the corresponding blank should be “B”-qualified to indicate possible contamination in the blank

Trip Blank One per cooler per day for aqueous and solid VOCs

6 No detectable concentrations >RL

Resample, and/or qualify data

Field Blank One per 20 samples per matrix or one per day, whichever is more frequent

3 All compounds are <RL;

except for common laboratory contaminants (acetone, methylene chloride, and 2-butanone), which should be <2x RL

All compounds that are present in a sample at a concentration of less than or equal to 10 times the concentration in the corresponding blank should be “B”-qualified to indicate possible contamination in the blank

1. Equipment blanks will only be collected where dedicated/disposable equipment is not available.

6.2 Laboratory Quality Control

The laboratory will perform all analyses described in the earlier sections of this FSP through their SOPs as approved in the QAPP. The laboratory will perform all quality control sampling as described in the QAPP, including method blanks, matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate samples, laboratory control sample/laboratory control sample duplicates, and surrogate analyses. Laboratory control requirements are further described in the QAPP.

6.3 Data Validation and Evaluation

Data validation and usability evaluations for both field and laboratory data are described in the Volpe

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 12

Generic Brownfields QAPP and will be performed by Volpe for this investigation. No deviations or additions to the generic data review process are anticipated for this Phase II ESA.

Additionally, the Generic QAPP describes the standard PARCCS data quality parameters that are used to describe the quality of the analytical data generated during the investigation. Proposed boring locations were spaced along a grid covering the entire site, as is recommended for sites where widespread and uniformly distributed release of hazardous substances is expected (MDE, 2018). It is possible that hazardous substances are concentrated around remaining debris piles, so test pit locations were proposed near these debris piles to account for this. However, the precise location of suspected sources and releases is uncertain, so final sample locations may be suboptimal for assessing potential impacts, which can impact data representativeness. At least one buried drainage pipeline is known to be present at the Site; this and any underground utilities will be marked out prior to soil boring activities. Proposed sample locations may need to be moved to avoid utilities to protect worker safety, which may also impact data representativeness and completeness.

6.4 Data Quality Objectives

The data quality objective process, as outlined in the Volpe Brownfields Generic QAPP, is described below.

1. State the problem. A Phase I ESA conducted in February 2026 identified recognized environmental conditions associated with known or likely releases of petroleum products or hazardous materials to the environment, which pose a barrier to redeveloping the Site. The planning team includes the EPA Region 3 TBA Program, Volpe, the TBA applicant, and the property owner as shown in Section 1.0 Project Organization & Personnel Responsibilities. The project is not constrained by costs other than the total funding available from the interagency agreement funding between EPA Region 3 and Volpe. The budget for this project may be modified/reallocated by the EPA Project Officer based on the prioritization among other projects included in the interagency agreement.

2. Identify the goals of the study. A Phase II ESA is to be conducted prior to site redevelopment primarily to determine if these releases or potential releases have contaminated soil at the Site.

If potential groundwater impacts are identified, a Supplemental Phase II ESA may be planned to evaluate potential for groundwater contamination at the Site. See Section 2.4 Investigation Objectives.

3. Identify information inputs. Soil, suspect hazardous debris, and other site-related data will be collected at locations where recognized environmental conditions or other concerns have been identified. These samples will be submitted for laboratory analysis to measure the concentration of contaminants within the samples. A range of other site-related data will be measured in the field. See Section 4.0 Sampling Design.

4. Define the boundaries of the study. The target population consists of all soil samples to be collected that represent the environmental media a residential or industrial user of the redeveloped property could come into contact with. The study will be confined to the property boundaries of the site as shown in Figure 1 and in accordance with the project timeline provided

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 13 in Section 7.0. This Phase II ESA will reflect the Site conditions at the time of sampling.

5. Develop the analytical approach. Analyte concentrations in soil samples will be first compared to MDE’s Soil Residential Clean-up Standard. MDE has also published Anticipated Typical Concentration (ATC) for some metals. These ATCs were developed by MDE to account for background analyte concentrations found in soil due to physical and chemical weathering of parent rock (MDE, 2018). If the concentration of an analyte detected in a soil sample exceeds MDE’s Soil Residential Clean-up Standard and MDE has not published an ATC for the analyte, then the soil will be considered impacted. For analytes which have a published ATC, soil will only be considered impacted if the analyte exceeds both the Soil Residential Clean-up Standard and the Central Maryland ATC for that analyte.

Additionally, soil contaminant concentrations exceeding the MDE Protection of Groundwater Standard will indicate potential groundwater impacts.

If soil is considered impacted or groundwater is considered potentially impacted, the site should first be further classified based on its intended future use. For sites where future recreational use is planned, the site can be initially compared to residential clean-up standards, but further actions depend on the site’s classification (MDE, 2018). MDE divides recreational use sites into Level 1 (public recreational areas: high frequency use), Level 2 (public recreational areas: moderate frequency use), and Level 3 (open space public recreational areas: low frequency use). A site-specific clean-up standard may then consider the Level and any site features such as fencing, steep inclines, or dense vegetation. Response actions, including release notification, further investigation, and remedial action may also be required. Otherwise, it will be determined that the soil in the vicinity of the recognized environmental condition is not impacted, and no further actions may be necessary.

6. Specify performance or acceptance criteria. Field and laboratory quality control samples will be collected and assessed in accordance with the acceptance criteria stated in Tables 24-26 of the Volpe Generic Brownfields QAPP to assess the performance of sampling and analysis activities for new data generated during this investigation. If the stated acceptance criteria are not met, then the corrective actions also included in those tables will be followed, which may include retesting, reanalyzing, qualifying the data, or other actions.

7. Develop the plan for obtaining data. The field sampling plan outlined in this document has been determined to be a resource-effective approach for determining if soil contamination associated with the recognized environmental conditions identified at the Site is present.

6.5 Data Management

Field notebooks, boring logs, and copies of the chain-of-custody will be scanned and uploaded to the Volpe Project Network. The Level 2 data package will be similarly uploaded once it is received. Data management and documentation is further discussed in the Volpe Generic Brownfields QAPP.

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 14

7.0 Project Timeline

Volpe will complete the field sampling based on the schedule provided in Table 5 below. The schedule is subject to change based on equipment availability, weather, or other field conditions. Significant delays will be communicated with the EPA Project Officer by phone or email.

Table 5: Project Timeline Activity Duration

(business days) Volpe preparation of FSP 20 EPA review of FSP 45 Volpe contracts laboratory, drilling, and geophysical surveying support 60 Volpe preparation of Health and Safety Plan 10 Volpe and EPA schedule field work 10 Conduct field work (geophysical survey, drilling, sample collection) 20 Laboratory analysis 10 Data QA review and report preparation 15

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan 15

8.0 References

ASTM. (2019). E1903-19 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Process. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.

Gaines, L. G. (2022). Historical and current usage of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A literature review. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Gluge, J., Scheringer, M., Cousins, I. T., DeWitte, J. C., Goldenman, G., Herzke, D., . . . Wang, Z. (2020). An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Environmental Science:

Processes & Impacts.

Indiana Department of Environmental Management. (2021). Auto Salvage Yard Contaminants of Concern (COCs).

Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation. (2025). Real Property Data Search. Retrieved from https://sdat.dat.maryland.gov/RealProperty/Pages/default.aspx

MDE. (2018). Cleanup Standards for Soil and Groundwater.

Volpe. (2025). Brownfields Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan. Cambridge, MA: U.S. DOT Volpe

National Transporation Systems Center.

Volpe. (2026). Phase I -- Environmental Site Assessment, Royal Electric Yard, Sykesville, Maryland.

Phase II ESA Field Sampling Plan

Figures

¯0 250 500 750 1,000 Feet

Notes:

1) The Subject Property is an approximately 4.1-acre parcel, Tax Parcel #05-072190.

Figure 1 Site Location

Field Sampling Plan

Royal Electric Yard 7512 Main Street Sykesville, MD

U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

May 2026

Spatial Reference:

NAD 1983 2011 StatePlane Maryland FIPS 1900 Ft US Upper Left: 1318282.87E 620984.73N ft

Sources: USGS The National Map: National Boundaries Dataset, 3DEP Elevation Program, Geographic Names Information System, National Hydrography Dataset, National Land Cover Database, National Structures Dataset, and National Transportation Dataset; USGS Global Ecosystems; U.S. Census Bureau TIGER/Line data; USFS Road data; Natural Earth Data; U.S. Department of State HIU; NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Data refreshed October 27, 2025-v2.1

0 5 10 Miles

Legend

Subject Property Location

Subject Property Boundary

Area of Interest

W arehouse

W oodw orking

Shed

Wooded Area

Gravel Parking

Lot

Access Road

Ra ilr oa d

Tr ac ks

¯0 100 200 300 400 Feet

Figure 2 Site Layout

Field Sampling Plan

Royal Electric Yard 7512 Main Street Sykesville, MD

U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

May 2026

Spatial Reference:

NAD 1983 2011 StatePlane Maryland FIPS 1900 Ft US Upper Left: 1320072.81E 620399.58N ft

Sources: Vantor, USGS The National Map: National Boundaries Dataset, 3DEP Elevation Program, Geographic Names Information System, National Hydrography Dataset, National Land Cover Database, National Structures Dataset, and National Transportation Dataset; USGS Global Ecosystems; U.S. Census Bureau TIGER/Line data; USFS Road data; Natural Earth Data; U.S. Department of State HIU; NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Data refreshed October 27, 2025-v2.1

0 1,000 2,000 Feet

Legend

Subject Property Boundary

Area of Interest

Access Road

Gravel Parking Lot

Warehouse

Woodworking Shed

Railroad Tracks

ROYAL-SB-101

ROYAL-SB-102

ROYAL-SB-103

ROYAL-SB-104 ROYAL-SB-105

ROYAL-SB-106

ROYAL-SB-107 ROYAL-SB-108

ROYAL-SB-109

ROYAL-SB-110

ROYAL-PIT-101

ROYAL-PIT-102

ROYAL-PIT-103

ROYAL-PIT-104

ROYAL-PIT-105

ROYAL-

PIT-106

Figure 3 Proposed Sample Locations

Field Sampling Plan

Royal Electric Yard 7512 Main Street Sykesville, MD

U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe National Transportation Systems Center

May 2026

Spatial Reference:

NAD 1983 2011 StatePlane Maryland FIPS 1900 Ft US Upper Left: 1320174.32E 620366.55N ft

Sources: Vantor

Legend

Subject Property Boundary

Area of Interest

Proposed Boring Locations

Potential Debris Piles

Geophysical Survey Targets

Access Road

Gravel Parking Lot

Warehouse

Woodworking Shed

Railroad Tracks

0 100 200 300 400 Feet