Attachment C OSMB DesignGuidelines.pdf

Oregon State Marine Board

Third Edition

DESIGN GUIDELINES

For

Recreational Boating Facilities Third Edition

Prepared By:

Oregon State Marine Board

Boating Facilities Section

P.O. Box 14145

Salem, OR 97309-5065

(503) 378-8587 www.boatoregon.com

September 2011

Note: Permission is granted for duplication, copy, use, and reuse of any and all information contained in this document. The Oregon State Marine Board does not consider, nor warrant in any manner, the information presented in these guidelines to be all inclusive or absolute. It is the responsibility of the facility owner, project designer, and project engineer to determine the best design, site application, and appropriate selection of materials.

http://www.boatoregon.com/

Table of Contents i

Design Guidelines for Recreational Boating Facilities

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Background ..................................................................................................... v Purpose .......................................................................................................... vi Scope ............................................................................................................. vi

Application ..................................................................................................... viii

DEFINITIONS

Section 1: PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

1.01 Master Planning

1.02 Conceptual Design Engineering

1.03 Final Design Engineering

1.04 Construction Scheduling

1.05 Planning and Construction Permits

Section 2: CHANNELS

2.01 Channel Design

Section 3: LAUNCH RAMPS

3.01 Facility Siting

3.02 Facility Sizing

3.03 Alignment

3.04 Slope

3.05 Design Water Elevations

3.06 Width

3.07 Surfaces

3.08 Cast-In-Place Concrete

3.09 Precast Concrete Planks

3.10 Rail System for Precast Planks

3.11 Vertical Curve

3.12 Concrete Finish

3.13 Riprap and Bank Protection

3.14 Stormwater

Section 4: BOARDING FLOATS

4.01 Placement and Layout

4.02 Abutment

4.03 Dimensions

4.04 Design Loads and Freeboard

4.05 Construction

Table of Contents ii

4.06 Pile Hoops and Pockets

4.07 Abutment/Float Interface and Hinges

4.08 Rubstrips

4.09 Flotation and Encapsulation

Section 5: TRANSIENT FLOATS

5.01 Facility Siting

5.02 Placement and Layout

5.03 Design Water Elevations

5.04 Dimensions

5.05 Design Loads and Freeboard

5.06 Construction

5.07 Pile Hoops and Pockets

5.08 Land Connection

5.09 Rubstrips

5.10 Flotation and Encapsulation

Section 6: PILING

6.01 Materials

6.02 Vertical Alignment

6.03 Cut-Off Elevation

6.04 Size, Spacing, and Penetration

Section 7: GANGWAYS

7.01 Construction

7.02 Landside Connections

7.03 Waterside Connection

7.04 Design Loads

Section 8: DEBRIS DEFLECTION BOOMS

8.01 Design

Section 9: PARKING FACILITIES

9.01 Parking Facilities

9.02 Access Roads

9.03 Staging Areas

9.04 Maneuver Area

9.05 Parking Area

Section 10: RESTROOMS

10.01 Restroom Facilities

10.02 Selection, Sizing, and Siting

10.03 Flush Restroom

10.04 Vault Toilet

10.05 Composting Toilet

10.06 Temporary Toilet

Table of Contents iii

Section 11: UTILITIES

11.01 Construction

APPENDIX

Appendix A - ADA Boating Facility Guidelines

LIST OF FIGURES, PHOTOS, and TABLES

Typical boating facility components

Section 2 – Channels Section 3 – Launch Ramps

Boat trailer parking

Single vehicle parking

Access Road

Restroom

Transient float

Boarding float

Debris deflection boom

Launch ramp

Piling

Table of Contents iv

Section 4 – Boarding Floats Section 5 – Transient Floats

Section 6 – Piling Section 7 – Gangways Section 8 – Debris Booms

Section 9 – Parking Facilities Section 10 – Restrooms

Introduction Page v

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

Oregon’s waterways are as varied as its terrain. More than 900 public recreational boating facilities provide access to coastal sites, inland rivers, high elevation lakes, and numerous reservoirs. In 1988 the Oregon State Marine Board (OSMB) determined that a need existed to develop and publish technical guidelines for the design of public recreational boating facilities (First Edition). These guidelines were developed to assure that consistent, quality design and engineering could be applied to all public recreational boat access facilities developed or renovated in Oregon. It was also recognized that consistent facility design would help provide a consistent boating experience for the user regardless of where in the state the boating activity occurred.

The OSMB Boating Facilities Section administers a program that provides grants to local, state, and federal agencies for public boat access improvement projects. These projects are principally launch ramps, restrooms, parking areas, and transient tie-up facilities. In addition, the Boating Facilities Section’s engineering staff is responsible for assisting grant applicants with the design and engineering of public access boating facilities.

With 30 to 40 boating facility projects completed every year, the engineering staff has amassed tremendous knowledge and experience in the past 20+ years in a continuing effort to provide high quality, low maintenance, yet cost-effective facilities. The knowledge accumulated throughout the years has enabled the Marine Board to continually learn from both successful designs and those in need of revision. This Third Edition builds on the format developed in 1996 (Second edition) with extensive revisions based on current design practices, trends, and regulatory requirements.

The OSMB engineering staff members continually review and share similar design information with other states. These guidelines parallel similar findings made by many other state boat access programs as well as the States Organization for Boating Access Design Handbook for Recreational Boating and Fishing Facilities (Second Edition May 2006).

Several resource publications exist that provide detailed information on the design and engineering of the various components presented in these guidelines. These other resources should be used extensively to develop and apply sound engineering practices to water related facilities and include Marinas and Small Craft Harbors by Tobiasson and Kollmeyer (Second Edition 2000), Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbors – ASCE Manual No. 50 (Revised Edition 2000) and Coastal Engineering Manual – US Army Corps of Engineers.

Introduction Page vi

PURPOSE

The purpose of these guidelines is to provide technical assistance to projects being developed under the OSMB’s Boating Facility Grant Program. The guidelines may also be applied to many other types of similar projects regardless of the source of funding.

These guidelines are not codes but instead represent a typical design range from minimum to maximum that should be used as a guide in the design of boating facilities.

Each individual boating facility has unique features and conditions which require additional site-specific design and planning beyond the scope of these guidelines.

Nothing in these guidelines is intended to relieve the designer from exercising due diligence in the pursuit of the proper final design for the project.

The Marine Board has an extensive collection of standard designs and drawings for many different project components. However, no attempt has been made to incorporate detailed project drawings or specifications in these guidelines. Instead, typical illustrations and photographs are used to supplement the information and design concepts contained herein.

The design guidelines are under constant review and evaluation for new materials, construction methods, design requirements, clarifications and corrections. They are, therefore, subject to periodic revisions and updates. Should you wish to submit comments, corrections, or suggestions for consideration in future editions contact the Marine Board via our internet website at www.boatoregon.com.

SCOPE

These guidelines provide a systematic method for the design and layout of major elements of public recreational boating facilities found in Oregon and include sections for project planning and implementation, channels, launch ramps, boarding floats, transient floats, piling, gangways, debris deflection booms, parking facilities, restrooms, and utilities. Currently they do not include the design of marinas, non-motorized boat facilities, or boat waste collection facilities.

Emphasis has been placed on the proper design and location of boat launch ramps.

Launch facilities are primarily used by, and consequently designed for, motorboats less than 26 feet in length. For trailerable boats the following dimensions are used for the “design” boat: 22-foot length, 8-foot beam (width), 1.5-foot gunnel/deck height (freeboard) and 2.5-foot outdrive/propeller depth (draft). Transient tie-up facilities, however, serve a wide range of boat sizes. See Section 5 for information on design boat dimensions at this type of facility.

Access and parking area layouts are extensively discussed as this may be the most important element which determines efficiency and proper function of a boat launch facility. These guidelines are based on the dimensions of a typical design vehicle, boat, and trailer used in Oregon. The design tow vehicle is 19 feet long. The design trailer

Introduction Page vii

(with boat) is 26 feet long and 8 feet wide. This design tow vehicle and trailer combination is larger than average based on boat registration data. However, by designing for this combination, maneuverability is assured for larger trailered boats and enhanced for smaller vehicle/trailer combinations. It should be noted that there has been a trend toward larger tow vehicle/boat trailer combinations in recent years. These larger combinations may actually be the norm at some facilities. Design of parking facilities to accommodate these larger combinations is provided in Section 9.

Due to the seasonal use of recreational boating activity, it is important to consider and factor in the usability criteria for an assumed design use (high and low water) period. In general, the majority of use (90%) on all waterways occurs during an eight month period from March through October with June, July and August being the peak use period.

Design for any use or access is not a prime concern during non-peak periods. These times often coincide with adverse weather conditions that result in high water, large waves, strong winds, floating debris, snow, and ice. In addition, very few boaters use facilities when the wind speeds exceed 30 mph, waves exceed 2 feet vertical, or when there are extreme high tides or high water periods. It is not the intent to design boating facilities to be usable during these conditions but should be designed to survive without significant damage.

There may be state, local and/or federal regulations that are applicable to some facility components covered in these guidelines. In the absence of established building codes it is the assertion of the OSMB that these guidelines, when properly applied using sound engineering practices, will provide a high degree of safety, health, and welfare to the public. However, the following resources should be consulted for applicability.

State - The Oregon Structural Specialty Code (OSSC), which is based on the International Building Code (IBC), generally applies to landside structures such as restrooms. There are no specific OSSC requirements for most recreational boat access and transient tie-up facilities as code requirements generally stop at the land/water interface. However, there may be components of the on-water or in-water facility that are covered by the OSSC (e.g. piling, gangways).

Local - Some municipalities have an established building code for waterway structures with an emphasis on fire protection, marinas and buildings. Currently that includes the cities of Portland, West Linn, Oregon City and Florence and Wallowa County (Wallowa Lake only). Check with the local planning department early in the design phase.

Federal - Providing accessibility to persons with disabilities can be challenging at boating facilities since the focus of the original uniform federal requirements (1991 Americans with Disabilities Act Accessible Guidelines – 1991 ADAAG) was only on landside features. All project landside accessibility components (e.g. parking, restrooms, and walkways) must be consistent with the provisions of the newly released 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design (2010 ADA Standards) and the OSSC.

Please note that there may be some provisions in the OSSC that are more stringent than the 2010 ADA Standards.

Introduction Page viii

Accessibility guidelines for recreational boating facilities did not exist in the original 1991 ADAAG. However, guidelines for public recreational boating facilities have been developed in the last ten years and are now part of the 2010 ADA Standards.

Compliance with the 2010 ADA Standards will become mandatory by March 2012.

Chapter 10, Section 1003, of the 2010 ADA Standards covers the requirements for public recreational boating facilities. A copy of Chapter 10, Section 1003, of the 2010 ADA Standards is provided in Appendix A. The entire 2010 ADA Standards can be viewed on-line at www.ada.gov.

It has always been OSMB’s policy to remove all possible impediments and barriers to facilities to the maximum extent possible. Furthermore, OSMB has implemented the accessibility requirements for boating facilities since the final draft was published in 2004. As a result, the 2010 ADA Standards should not require any alterations to our current standard designs.

APPLICATION

These guidelines are to be used as the name implies, as a guide. Every effort has been made to provide the user with the most reliable design parameters (preferred, minimum, and maximum) that should work in most locations and conditions. Any deviations beyond the minimum or maximum range should be carefully analyzed and justified.

These guidelines (illustrations, photos, and text) should not be used for any type of final construction project drawings or specifications. Each and every project should be fully designed and engineered with details well beyond the scope of these guidelines.

OSMB does not consider or warrant these guidelines to be exhaustive, absolute, or enforceable. Changing regulatory requirements may be in conflict with specific guidelines at time of publication. It is up to the project engineer, designer, and owner to carefully consider each individual site for best design and appropriate selection of materials.

The following is a consistent outline format used for all sections of these guidelines.

Section No.

SECTION TITLE

1.01 SUBSECTIONS

A. General – includes background information, definitions, and explanatory notes.

B. Application – provides specific design criteria, parameters and rationale.

C. Design – summarizes most design parameters with preferred, minimum and maximum values for each. For quick reference, all text is highlighted with a tan background color as shown here.

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Definitions Page 1

DEFINITIONS

The following is a comprehensive list of terms and acronyms used in these guidelines.

The definitions are concise and do not necessarily provide a complete or conventional explanation. The intent is to convey the meaning of each term as it is used in these guidelines. More thorough definitions and greater understanding of each term are often provided within the context of the various guideline sections.

When another defined term is used as part of a definition that other term will be italicized as a cross-reference.

Term

Definition

100-Year Flood Calculated to be the level of flood water expected to be equaled or exceeded every 100 years on average.

The 100-year flood is more accurately referred to as the 1% annual exceedance probability flood, since it is a flood that has a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded in any single year.

Abutment A cast-in-place block of concrete that provides pedestrian access to a boarding float or gangway.

Access Road A road that leads from a main thoroughfare to a launch ramp or parking area.

Accessible A design element that is functional for individuals with disabilities.

Accessible Route A pedestrian path from one accessible element to another accessible element within a facility that meets the requirements of the ADA Standards.

ACZA Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate. Used as a wood preservative.

ADA Standards 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards.

These are the current federal guidelines for providing accessibility to a variety of public facilities including recreational boating facilities.

Definitions Page 2

ADAAG Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility

Guidelines (1991). Superseded by the ADA Standards.

Alignment The path of an access road, travel lane, or launch ramp that consists of curves and tangents.

Anchor Wall The thickened end of the cast-in-place portion of a launch ramp to provide an anchor point for the precast plank steel rail system. See also Cut-off Wall.

Approach Curve The inside curve from the travel lane to the maneuver area.

Asphalt (asphalt concrete) A mixture of bituminous material, sand, and gravel, usually heated, which is used to form pavement.

AWPA American Wood Preservers Association

Axial Load A weight or force applied vertically to a pile.

Back-Out Area A designated no-parking zone at the end of a dead-end parking area that provides maneuvering room for vehicles and/or trailers.

Ballast Weight that is added to a floating structure to improve stability and/or adjust freeboard.

Bankline A physical feature along the course of a waterbody that confines the normal flow of water; often defined by a distinct change in slope.

Base Course Crushed rock placed over subbase material and compacted to form a solid, uniform surface under concrete or asphalt.

Bathymetry Relating to the topography (ground surface) below the water surface.

Bathymetric Survey The process by which the underwater ground topography is measured and mapped.

Batter Supported Pile See Pile, Batter Supported

Battered Pile See Pile, Battered

Definitions Page 3

Beam The width of a boat at its widest point.

Block-Out A void area within a concrete pour for the placement of an abutment or pile.

BMP's Best Management Practices - Construction pro-cedures implemented to avoid or minimize impacts to water quality or aquatic species such as fish.

Boarding Float A platform-type floating structure located within a launch ramp that provides pedestrian access to and from a boat in the water.

Boat Ramp See Launch Ramp

Brackish The quality of water within a waterbody where freshwater and saltwater mix.

Broadside Tie-Up Refers to a boat that is moored parallel to the length of a float.

Broom Finish A type of surface finish that is applied to fresh concrete using a stiff broom.

Buffer Zone A non-delineated area on both sides of a launch ramp occupy area for vehicle, trailer, and boat maneuvering.

Bulkhead A wall-type structure (often timber) used to support one end of a gangway or elevated walkway.

Bull Rail A continuous steel railing spaced above the deck surface and along both edges of a float. Used to tie-off and secure boats.

Bumper Strip See Rubstrip

Buoy An anchored floating object used to delineate a channel, in-water navigation hazard, or boating regulation.

Buoyancy The tendency of an object to float or to rise when submerged in water.

Definitions Page 4

Cast-In-Place The process of placing freshly mixed concrete into forms at the construction site. Once the concrete has hardened it remains where it was placed.

Cast-In-Place Curb See Curb, Cast-In-Place

Catch Basin A drainage structure that collects runoff and routes it to an outlet.

Centerline Alignment Angle The resulting angle between any two tangents of an alignment.

Centerline Curve Radius The defined radius of a curve between any two tangents of an alignment.

Channel A waterway that provides a navigational link from one waterbody to another.

Chord A structural member running the length of a gangway to which webs are attached to form a truss.

Cleat A fitting secured to the float deck having two projecting horns to which a mooring line is attached.

Cold Joint A joint in a concrete slab where two separate pours meet.

Composting Toilet A toilet system where waste is collected in a tank and combined with wood shavings or bulking material to produce compost.

Connector Structural wood timbers bolted with through rods to the sides of transient floats to secure them together.

Cross Slope Deviation from level that is perpendicular to the direction of pedestrian or vehicular travel.

Curb Cut A section of curb that is removed to allow pedestrian access or drainage of storm runoff.

Curb, Cast-In-Place A raised concrete barrier that is placed in forms and then backfilled with rock and pavement.

Curb, Extruded A raised concrete barrier that is formed using a machine and placed on top of asphalt.

Definitions Page 5

Current The continuous flow or movement of water within a waterbody.

Cut Existing soil that is excavated from a site.

Cut-Off Wall A thickened concrete edge or wall cast along the sides and/or top of a launch ramp to help protect from undermining. See also Anchor Wall.

Dead Load The weight of a structure.

Debris Deflection Boom A floating structure located immediately upstream of a boating facility that provides protection from floating debris by deflecting it away from the facility.

Deposition See Sedimentation

DEQ Department of Environmental Quality

Design Boat A boat size that is the average representation of all boats that will use a particular type of facility. There are different design boats for launch ramp facilities, small-vessel transient facilities, and large-vessel transient facilities.

Design Load The combination of all reasonable anticipated loads that a structure would be subject to.

Design Vehicle A motor vehicle size that is adequate to tow a design boat with trailer. Used as the basis for maneuvering and parking area design.

Dewater To remove water from a site by pumping or draining.

DHW Design High Water - A water surface elevation used for facility design that is the high water elevation for the period of intended use. This elevation may or may not correlate with OHW.

DLW Design Low Water - A water surface elevation used for facility design that is the low water elevation for the period of intended use. This elevation may or may not correlate with OLW.

Dock See Float

Definitions Page 6

Downstream In the direction of a river's current.

Draft The depth of a floating object that extends below the water surface.

Dredge To clean, widen, or deepen a waterbody area by removal of sediment.

DSL Oregon Department of State Lands

Dump Station A unit that receives marine sewage by manually dumping sewage from a portable container. The sewage is then pumped to a disposal system.

Eddy A current that moves contrary to the main current.

Elevated Walkway A gangway that has a fixed slope.

Encapsulation The process of completely sealing foam floatation to keep it contained and protect it from damage or degredation.

EPS Expanded Polystyrene foam floatation

Environmental Load A force acting on an in-water structure as a result of current, wave, wake, or wind.

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency

Fetch The open water distance over which the wind blows creating unobstructed waves.

Fill Soil or rock material added to a site to raise the elevation and/or allow shaping (grading) of the surface.

Finish Grade The final top (uppermost) surface of an access road, launch ramp, or parking area.

Fixed Pier See Pier

Flatwater Non-moving or very slow-moving water.

Float A platform-type floating structure.

Floatation Any material, such as EPS, that provides buoyancy.

Definitions Page 7

Floodplain An area of land adjacent to a river and subject to flooding.

Flowingwater Moderately moving water.

Form Board Temporary structural framework used to contain and control the placement of fresh concrete.

Freeboard The vertical distance between the water surface and the deck of a float.

Full Pool The maximum water level at a reservoir under normal operating conditions.

Gage Data A collection of water level information for a given point on a waterbody over a specified period of time.

Gangway A bridge-like structure with a variable slope that provides pedestrian access between a land connection and a transient float.

Geotextile Fabric A synthetic mesh-type fabric that is placed under aggregate material to keep the underlying material (subgrade) from mingling.

Grade The degree or percent of inclination of a slope.

Groin A small rock structure extending into a river to protect a downstream facility or to divert water flow.

Grounding Rail Dimensional lumber attached to the underside of a boarding float to elevate and protect the float from damage when in contact with the launch ramp surface.

Ground-Out When a floating structure makes contact with a hard surface such as a launch ramp or river bed.

Guideway A concrete and steel structure within a launch ramp to which a self-adjusting boarding float is attached.

HDPE High Density Polyethylene

Head-In Stall A parking stall with a curb or wheel stop at the far end which requires parked vehicles to back out.

Definitions Page 8

Hinge Connection A mechanical connection for boarding floats similar in design to a door hinge in which matching hinge barrels are held together with a hinge pin.

Hinge Plate A metal corner plate on a boarding float to which the hinge connection is attached.

Hydraulics The science, technology and mechanics of fluids.

IBC International Building Code

Impervious The characteristics of a ground surface that does not allow water to infiltrate or be absorbed.

In-Water Work Period Specific calendar dates established by permitting agencies that allow construction work to occur in the water and below OHW.

Jetty A large rock structure extending into a waterbody to provide facility protection or to divert the water flow.

Kick Plate A wide, continuous plate along both sides of a gangway just above the deck surface that provides edge protection.

Land Connection A structure such as a pier, abutment, or bulkhead to which a gangway or elevated walkway is attached.

Lateral Load A force (e.g. current, wave, wind, impact) applied perpendicular to the length of a pile.

Launch Lane A designated/delineated area within a launch ramp for use by one vehicle/boat at a time.

Launch Ramp An inclined, hard surface slab (typically concrete) that extends into the water, upon which trailerable boats can be launched and retrieved; consisting of one (1) or more launch lanes.

Lb/in2 Pounds per Square Inch

Lb/ft2 Pounds per Square Foot

Lift Station A device that contains a pump for the purpose of pushing sewage to a higher elevation (e.g.; gravity sewer main, drainfield, holding tank).

Definitions Page 9

Lifting Insert A mechanical device cast into a precast plank to which a strap is attached for lifting and moving the plank.

Lift-Off Connection A type of gangway land connection that allows rotation under normal water levels but will detach from the land connection and allow the gangway to float during high-water events.

Light Penetration Physical opening in the deck surface of a transient float that allows natural light to reach the water surface. The opening is covered with grating.

Live Load A weight or mass that is applied to a structure during use.

Log Boom See Debris Deflection Boom

Low Pool The minimum water level at a reservoir under normal operating conditions.

Main Thoroughfare A public roadway.

Maneuver Area The designated area at the top of a launch ramp that allows boaters to align their boats prior to backing down the launch ramp.

MHHW Mean Higher High Water - An elevation which is the average height of the higher high tides observed over a specific time interval.

MLLW Mean Lower Low Water - An elevation which is the average height of the lower lows tides observed over a specific time interval. Tide book elevations are in reference to this datum.

Monolithic Concrete that is placed into form boards in a continuous manner to produce a slab free of any cold joints.

Moorage A float or combination of floats where boats may be moored.

Moored Refers to a boat that is tied-off to a float.

Definitions Page 10

Mudline The underwater ground surface of which the upper layer may consist of saturated soil.

NAVD North American Vertical Datum 1988

Navigable A waterbody having sufficient depth and width to provide passage of a design boat.

Navigational Channel A defined course along a waterbody where specified widths and depths are maintained for the safe passage of boats.

NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Occupy Area The non-delineated 10-foot width within a launch lane that is occupied by the vehicle, trailer, and boat.

OHW Ordinary High Water - An elevation to which the water ordinarily rises annually.

OLW Ordinary Low Water - An elevation to which the water ordinarily recedes annually.

OSMB Oregon State Marine Board

OSSC Oregon Structural Specialty Code

Parking Aisle The area used by a vehicle to negotiate into and out of a parking stall.

Parking Area A designated area used for parking several vehicles and/or vehicles with trailers.

Parking Facility A designated area that is comprised of some or all of the following components: access road, staging areas (ready and tie-down), maneuver area, parking area, parking aisles, and travel lanes.

Parking Stall A delineated area to park a single vehicle or vehicle with trailer.

Pervious A surface characteristic that allows water to infiltrate or be absorbed.

Definitions Page 11

Pier A non-floating fixed platform usually extending out over the water from shore to which a gangway or elevated walkway may be attached.

Pile A slender steel or wood member driven into the ground and used to maintain horizontal position/location of a float by resisting an applied lateral load or to support an axial load of a pier.

Pile Cap A cone-shaped covering affixed to the top of a pile that discourages birds from perching.

Pile Cut-Off The upper elevation to which a pile is either driven or cut-off.

Pile Fixity For design purposes this refers to some determined point below ground about which a pile is assumed to bend.

Pile Hammer A mechanical device attached to the top of a pile in order to forcibly drive the pile into the ground.

Pile Hoop A steel collar attached to the outside of a float or gangway through which a pile is driven.

Pile Pocket An opening located entirely within the footprint of a float through which a pile is driven.

Pile, Batter Supported A vertically driven pile that is supported by one or more battered piles when a heavy lateral load is anticipated.

Pile, Battered A pile that is intentionally driven at an angle (not plumb). Boarding float piles are always battered.

Pile, Sheet Interlocking steel plates driven into the ground for damming or retaining purposes.

Piling A collective term for a group of piles.

Poly-Pipe Boom See Debris Deflection Boom

Precast Plank A concrete section of launch ramp that is cast in a form and then moved into position after curing.

PSI Pounds per Square Inch

Definitions Page 12

Pull-Through Stall A parking stall that allows a vehicle to enter from one end and exit from the other. No backing is required.

Pumpout A unit that pumps out sewage from a boat's on-board holding tank. The sewage is then pumped to a disposal system.

PVI Point of Vertical Intersection. The point where both tangents of a vertical curve meet.

Ready Area See Staging Area

Regulatory Agencies Refers to the USACOE and DSL, in cooperation with other agencies such DEQ and ODFW, who are responsible for issuing environmental permits authorizing in-water construction work.

Reservoir A man-made waterbody (lake) formed by the damming of a river.

Reservoir Drawdown The controlled release of water through the dam at a reservoir that results in the lowering of the water level.

Reverse Curve A horizontal roadway curve that is immediately followed by another curve in the opposite direction to form an "S" shape.

Riparian Of, on, or relating to the area along the banks of a waterbody.

Riprap Fractured stone with angular faces used to armor cut and fill slopes and the perimeter of launch ramps from the eroding effects of current, waves, and wakes.

Riprap is divided into classes or groups of gradated stones based on the approximate weight in pounds of the largest stones in the class.

Rubstrip A flexible, non-marring material attached to the sides of a float to protect both boats and floats against damage from impact and contact.

Runoff Stormwater that flows across an impervious surface.

Runoff Plate A metal plate located on the deck of a transient float and under the rollers of a gangway that help guide the horizontal movement of the gangway.

Definitions Page 13

Safety Zone A non-delineated refuge area on both sides of a navigational channel.

Scouring The removal of material by the force of water moving across a surface.

Sediment Fence A flexible fence made from geotextile fabric that helps to control runoff and soil erosion at a construction site.

Sedimentation (Sediment) The deposition of material suspended in or moved by water in areas where the velocity of the water slows enough for the particles to settle out. Sediment at boating facilities is typically silt, sand, or gravel.

Self-Adjusting Boarding Float A specially-constructed boarding float that automatically moves up or down a guideway as water levels fluctuate. Used exclusively on reservoirs where large water fluctuations preclude the use of pile supported boarding floats.

Sheet Drain Runoff that is allowed to drain off the edges of an impervious surface.

Sheet Pile See Pile, Sheet

Siltation See Sedimentation

Silt Curtain A flexible floating fence made from geotextile fabric, foam floatation, and ballast weight that is suspended and anchored in the water for the purpose of containing and controlling turbidity from construction activities.

Slip A moorage area often delineated with parallel floats set at an angle or perpendicular to a main walkway float. The arrangement is similar to that of parking stalls in a parking area.

Slope The deviation of a ground surface from level in the longitudinal direction (i.e. direction of travel).

Staging Area A designated short-term parking area in close proximity to the launch ramp used to prepare (ready) a boat for launch or secure (tie-down) a boat after retrieval.

Definitions Page 14

Stall Angle The angle required to turn from the parking aisle into the parking stall. Typically 45, 60, or 90 degrees.

Stall Curb Length The width of a parking stall measured parallel to the parking aisle.

Stall Depth The distance from the front of the parking stall to the back measured parallel to the parking aisle.

Stall Length The distance from the front of a parking stall to the back measured along the line of the stall angle.

Stall Length, Usable The distance from a point where the front tires touch the curb to a point where the rear of the vehicle or trailer meets the edge of the parking aisle.

Stall Width The width of a parking stall measured perpendicular to the stall angle.

Stormwater Water that originates during precipitation events.

Stormwater that does not soak into the ground becomes surface runoff and either flows directly into surface waterbodies or is channeled into storm drains or treatment facilities where it eventually discharges to surface waters.

Stringer A structural member within a boarding float or pier that provides support for the decking.

Structural Fill A term often used when significant depths of subbase are required to bring a site to finish grade.

Subbase Crushed rock placed over the subgrade and compacted to form a solid, uniform surface prior to placing the base course. The size and gradation of subbase material is often larger than that of base course material.

Subgrade The ground surface at a site after all earthwork has been completed and before placement of subbase material.

Submerged That portion of land along a waterbody below OLW that is always underwater.

Definitions Page 15

Submersible That portion of land along a waterbody between OLW and OHW that is subject to periodic inundation.

SWMP Stormwater Management Plan. A written document that details construction and post-construction control of stormwater impacts.

Tactile Warning A textural treatment or device applied to the surface of an accessible route to alert the visually impaired of a road crossing.

Tangent A straight section of a roadway or alignment.

Temporary Toilet A self-contained portable toilet unit that is trucked to a site. Often used to supplement on-site sanitation facilities during periods of high use.

Through Rods A series of long threaded steel rods that pass through a transient float to mechanically fasten the side connectors together.

Tie-Down Area See Staging Area

Tie-Up Zone All remaining boarding floats available for mooring beyond the end of the trailer zone. Used to load and unload passengers and gear.

Toe Rail A raised curb around a pile pocket or along the edges of an abutment that provides edge protection.

Tongue and Groove An interlocking joint caste into the edges of a precast plank.

Topography The contours and ground features of an area of land.

Traffic Delineator A brightly colored, flexible post secured to the launch ramp surface near the abutment. Intended to help boaters visibly locate the edge of the abutment and floats while backing their trailers over the vertical curve.

Trailer Zone The first 30 feet of in-water boarding floats measured from DLW.

Definitions Page 16

Transient Float A platform-type floating structure secured by piling that provides short-term tie-up, usually for larger cruising boats. Upland access is provided via a gangway.

Transition Plate A hinged metal structure that provides a smooth transition between a land connection and gangway, gangway and transient float, or abutment and boarding float.

Trapped Catch Basin A catch basin with a T-fitting on the outfall pipe that prevents oils and solids from being washed out of the catch basin.

Travel Lane All driving surfaces within the confines of a parking area, including parking aisles, used for maneuvering.

Trench Drain A continuous open-drain system placed across a wide expanse of asphalt or concrete to intercept sheetflow of stormwater runoff.

Turbidity A water condition in which solids have been stirred up and are suspended in the water column.

Turning Radius, Boat The minimum circle size required for maneuvering a boat in the water. Assumed to be 1.5 times the length of a design boat.

Turning Radius, Vehicle The size of the smallest circular turn (i.e. U-turn) that a vehicle or vehicle with trailer is capable of making.

UHMW-PE Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

Upland Land that is above OHW or MHHW.

Uplift A force generated by wind or water that can cause a structure to be lifted.

Upstream In the direction opposite of a river's current.

Usable Float Length The length of boarding floats that are completely floating with at least 4 feet of water depth at the shore end.

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

Definitions Page 17

USCG United States Coast Guard

USGS United States Geological Survey

Utilities All inclusive term for water, electrical, and sewer service.

Vault Toilet A type of restroom where waste is collected and retained in a concrete vault until pumped out.

Vertical Curve A type of curve with a continuously changing radius that provides a smooth transition from one slope to another.

V-Groove Finish A type of launch ramp finish created by running a tool with a special “V” pattern across wet concrete. The tool produces peaks and valleys approximately 1 inch deep.

Wake A boat or vessel generated wave.

Waler Replaceable wood or composite boards located along the top outside edge of a float. Prevents damage to structural members of a float and provides a surface to attach a rubstrip.

Waterbody A generic term for any navigable body of water such as a river, lake, reservoir, bay, ocean, etc.

Waterway A waterbody.

Wave A ridge or swell moving through or along the surface of a waterbody.

Wave Attenuator A structure, barrier, or device to reduce wave/wake action and their potential damage to boats and facility structures. The attenuator may consist of a series of lashed logs, deep draft concrete floats, wave fence, jetty/groin, or a combination of these structures.

Web A gangway structural member positioned between chord members to form a truss.

Wheelstop A short prefabricated concrete or plastic curb located at the head of a parking stall.

Definitions Page 18

Whitewater Fast moving water that is often turbulent.

NOTES

Section 1 Project Planning and Implementation Page 19

Section 1

PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

1.01 MASTER PLANNING

A. General

1. Development of a master plan for large construction or renovation projects is highly recommended. The master plan should address a broad range of issues that may significantly alter project scope, cost, and implementation. After a master plan is completed then final engineering work can commence.

B. Application

1. Principal components of a master plan include:

Focus on the highest and best use of the site and adjacent waterway.

Physical site attributes and limitations.

Profile of intended users or user groups.

Current and future demand.

Feasibility of the site to accommodate users and the extent of facility needs.

Adjacent land use and impacts.

Permits, mitigation and environmental impacts.

Maintenance and operation needs.

Capital and maintenance funding.

Conceptual layout.

Preliminary capital development cost.

2. A site assessment is generally a good starting point for the master plan. The assessment would not involve formal surveying but rather a walk-through of the site where experienced facility staff can evaluate the site for usefulness as a boating facility (see photo 1-1). The site would be visually evaluated for general topography, anticipated bathymetric conditions, water flow velocities, access to open water from the site, any wetland and riparian constraints, apparent adjacent uses, size of area available for development, proximity

Photo 1-1 Initial site visit to discuss potential facility improvements

Section 1 Project Planning and Implementation Page 20 of the site to adjacent boating facilities, need for additional boating access points in the area, among other things.

3. Generally at least two public informational meetings are part of a master planning process. These meetings provide an opportunity for the public to offer input and review alternatives for proposed site developments. The meeting will also provide insight into any possible opposition to the proposal.

4. Research information can be found at local planning departments for zoning, permitted uses, any potential cultural sites, and if the site has scenic or wild waterway designation. Road and utility capacity as well as any other improvements necessary to support the proposed project should be considered.

5. A master plan provides a platform for the design and engineering phase.

The master plan should include a conceptual plan view drawing and layout of the site. This conceptual drawing is not detailed enough for construction. However, it establishes the approximate ramp size and location, targets parking area capacity, defines traffic management and circulation, and locates the restroom.

6. The plan should identify sources of construction funding and outline options for acquiring the required matching funds. Depending on the project, a cash flow analysis may be done to evaluate the feasibility of a revenue generating improvement. The project scope should outline options to construct the project in logical phases of work over a period of time.

C. Design

1. Once a master plan is completed and adopted by the public entity the next step is to perform conceptual project engineering (i.e., prepare high level drawings and cost estimate).

2. A good master plan is an invaluable tool that will help guide the owner and designer and/or engineer to focus on project components that make highest and best use of the facility. It also serves an important means to gain public support from users, adjacent neighbors and decision makers.

The time to have public input and make significant changes is in a master plan phase, not during the final design and engineering phase.

Section 1 Project Planning and Implementation Page 21

1.02 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ENGINEERING

1. A thorough site survey of the project area is completed before developing any conceptual design ideas (see Photo 1-2). This includes both topographic (land) and bathy-metric (underwater) surveys.

All Pertinent information is collected electronically and imported into design software.

2. The existing site plan is drawn from the survey data. This includes accurately locating all ground features, existing improvements, and generating contours. The survey should include areas well beyond the limits of anticipated improvements. This assists the designer in evaluating impacts to both the project area and adjacent facilities.

3. The conceptual design is a two dimensional look at the facility to determine the size of the site that will be developed. The existing site plan view provides the designer with the information necessary to layout conceptual designs. Conceptual designs are high level facility layouts and are intended to provide a basis for discussion of the project scope, timing, and cost. Several designs are developed and may vary widely or be variations of one or more main ideas. It is not uncommon for five or more concepts to be developed with varied traffic flow, parking patterns, ramp slope, ramp location and restroom/toilet placement.

4. All of the ideas/designs should be thoroughly evaluated to determine the most efficient use of the area available. The best concept that meets the project objectives is selected. This final conceptual design and conceptual cost estimate are submitted to the facility owner for review and comment.

Since the conceptual design is only a two dimensional look at the facility there should be adequate contingency added to the conceptual cost estimate. This contingency will cover the unforeseen cut/fill quantities that will become apparent in the preliminary design when cross section and profile drawings are generated and analyzed.

5. It is imperative that the facility owner review the conceptual design carefully. Suggestions, requests, requirements, observations, and any other pertinent information should be provided and discussed at this time.

The designer will rely on the owner to advise of seasonal conditions that might not have been apparent during the survey or other site visits and

Photo 1-2 Survey crew collecting existing site conditions information

Section 1 Project Planning and Implementation Page 22 normal or unique patterns of use. It is important to determine that all issues are being addressed and that the design reflects these observations.

1.03 FINAL DESIGN ENGINEERING

1. There is no substitute for high quality final engineering on all construction projects. The key to high quality engineering is use of sound design fundamentals, good topographic and bathymetric site surveys, thorough site investigation, accurate cost data, and review of what has been successfully used in similar applications.

2. Engineering hinges on several key items (1) proper site application, (2) proper use of materials and, (3) appropriate and cost-conscious construction design. Striking a balance between the cost and the useful lifespan of a facility is very important since public in-water recreational facilities generally wear out much faster than landside facilities.

3. Careful consideration of operation and maintenance (O&M) activity needs to be considered at all times during the design. Normally, capital construction funds are much easier to obtain than comparable costs for O&M staff and funds. Therefore all reasonable attempts to reduce O&M and increase the lifespan of the facility should be considered.

1. To assure proper design, particular attention should be paid to orientation and impacts to waterway facilities (i.e., current, wave, wake etc.). It is helpful to obtain both current and historic aerial photos of the site (scale 1 inch = 100 feet) to assist in orientation with respect to current, fetch, debris, and use patterns. There are a number of internet sites that provide excellent up to date aerial photos as well as historic photos.

2. An efficient design and engineering schedule should start with a clear definition of project work scope and objectives followed by a series of critical design reviews by the owner and engineer. Rushed engineering usually results in many unnecessary and costly change orders as well as poorly designed facilities.

1. Design to the 25% level begins the process of refining the conceptual design. Ramifications of the conceptual design may not be readily apparent until the sections and profiles of the site are generated and

Section 1 Project Planning and Implementation Page 23 applied to the project. As the design is developed it may become necessary to alter the alignment, location, or size of the project components to better fit the site.

2. It is recommended that all design and engineering work beyond the conceptual phase receive at least two formal reviews. The first should occur at 25% with a good plan view of all the project elements. This is considered the most critical review since the scope and objectives must be clearly outlined and agreed upon at this time. It is also advisable to refine the conceptual cost estimate for the principal project components.

3. After the 25% review the engineer should complete all detail drawings ready for the 75% review. At this point the owner should carefully review all details to ensure that every need is met. In addition, the project specifications should be prepared in draft form along with a revised preliminary project cost estimate.

4. At the 75% review permit drawings and a quantities worksheet should be developed and submitted to begin the COE/DSL permit review process.

Experience has shown that detailed drawings with accurate quantities are required for the permit review process.