Attachment 7 - Kinneytown CT - SuppPhaseII Volpe SOPs.pdf

SOP 001 – Field Notebook Use Page 1 of 3

1.0 Introduction

This Volpe SOP identifies and describes the procedures, protocols, controls, and requirements for recording field information in a field notebook, also known as logbooks. This SOP is to be used whenever a field notebook or logbook is used during a site visit.

The notebook serves as a record of events that occurred during a site visit whether this is during preliminary investigations, remedial investigations, remedial actions, or other field activities. It also records the location of any samples collected, the position and orientation of any photographs taken, cross references to published information and field notes, and items that require interpretation or questions raised by observations. Additionally, the field notebook serves as a link between other components that were used to record data (e.g., boring/well logs, field maps, annotated figures, etc.).

2.0 Definitions

1. Field Notebook – also called a logbook, the field notebook is a Volpe issued, water repellent, bound notebook in 3.5” x 5”, 4.65” x 7”, or 8.5” x 11” size in which the following information is clearly identified: owner, page number, date of entry; a 4.75” x 7.5” Rite in the Rain field book is recommended, if available.

2. Indelible ink pen – A pen which uses permanent, non-removal e.g., indelible ink

3. PPE – personal protective equipment such as safety vests, steel toe boots, coveralls, respirators, etc.

3.0 Equipment

1. Field notebook as defined in Section 2.0

2. Pencil or indelible ink pen. Any ink color is fine if it marks clear and legibly

3. Government issued phone for recording time, conditions, and position if needed

4.0 Procedures

The field notebook is intended to be a record of all field activities and events. Any samples taken, visitors onsite, changes in site conditions, decisions made, contractor activities, changes in conditions, or any other significant event should be recorded. Data required to be entered into the notebook include (but not limited to):

1. Date (mm/dd/yy) and time (24 hr. format) on and offsite.

2. Site name or ID.

3. Project phase e.g., site investigation, remedial action, etc.

4. Site visit objectives.

Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) Prepared: E. Paleo

Title: Field Notebook Use Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 001 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner

SOP 001 – Field Notebook Use Page 2 of 3

5. Health and safety information including time of tailgate meeting and PPE needed onsite.

6. Site soils descriptions including color, texture, type, etc.

7. Site conditions such as climate, humidity, and soil/water conditions.

8. Personnel onsite and when they arrived and left. Including:

a. Name

b. Organization

c. Role of organization (prime contractor, sub-contractor, inspector, etc.)

d. Title or project role

9. Surrounding land use in the North, East, South, and West directions (if needed).

10. Activities conducted by Volpe or contractor personnel and the time/location they occurred. Include information such as number of samples collected, monitoring equipment setups, or quantity of material removed or brought onto the site.

11. Field sketch with locations of activities such as excavations, remedial technology installations, or sampling. If a separate map was used, reference it in the field notebook and include it in the electronic record. Field sketches should have a North arrow, approximate dimensions, or a reference to a separate map with dimensions.

12. Any measurements or calculations made during the visit.

13. Deviations from the scope of work and justifications for why the deviation was needed.

14. Notes of phone conversations when the conversation results in a decision made or important information is relayed. If possible, record this via email as well.

15. Any issues with contractor or sub-contractor support.

16. References to where any additional data is stored such as on a separate data-logging sheet or electronic spreadsheet. For chain of custody reporting, Volpe staff must record sample data into the field notebook if a carbon copy is not provided by the lab. All info entered onto the chain of custody must also be logged in the field notebook.

17. External sources of field information (e.g., field logs, maps, etc.) should be copied, reduced in size to fit on a page in the field book, and stapled/taped at the end of the field notes for the day.

18. If a mistake is made, do not erase. Rather, cross-out mistakes, initial, and date. Photographs or scans of field notebook pages from relevant projects should be uploaded to the project server within one week of completion.

If the work is over the course of multiple days, photos or scans should be uploaded at least weekly.

5.0 Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC)

The Volpe Project Manager is responsible for reviewing contents of field notebooks regularly at an interval warranted by the project phase. For a one-day visit, the field notes should be reviewed within one week of completion. For longer site activities, field notes should be reviewed weekly or monthly depending on length of work and complexity.

Determination of frequency is made by the Volpe Program Manager. If the Volpe Project Manager recorded the notes, the notebook should be reviewed by the Volpe Program Manager. Volpe Field Staff are responsible for uploading/digitizing notebook data, logging sheets, maps, or other external sources of field information onto Volpe shared servers.

SOP 001 – Field Notebook Use Page 3 of 3

6.0 Limitations

This SOP should be used as guidance for recording of fieldnotes in a standard Volpe issued field notebook/logbook. It does not supersede the need for field staff’s engineering judgement while in the field. Any additional data or information collected in the field but not outlined in this SOP should still be recorded.

SOP 002 – Site Access and Utility Clearance Page 1 of 3

This Volpe SOP identifies and describes the procedures, protocols, controls, and requirements for accessing a site and performing utility clearance. Before mobilizing to a site for any investigation, this SOP should be consulted to ensure that proper permissions have been obtained. Additionally, utility clearance should be performed in accordance with this SOP prior to conducting any subsurface investigations.

2.0 Definitions

1. Call-before-you-dig (811) services – private, not-for-profit call centers that collect information about upcoming excavation projects and notifies the appropriate utility companies in the area of excavation. Utility companies, or their contractors, mark their utility lines once notified by the service. Dig safe serves Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. Connecticut is served by Call Before You Dig. Other states have their own call centers and should be looked up and contacted for projects located outside of this region. 811 is the national call-before-you-dig number.

2. Excavation – any activities that occurs in the subsurface, including but not limited to digging, trenching, removing soil, drilling, or coring.

3. Utility – any public or privately owned equipment that carries or supports services such as electricity, telecommunications, gas, water, sewage, and steam. Utilities can be located above or below ground, and includes service lines, poles/towers, and tanks.

3.0 Equipment

1. Site plans, maps, and drawings

2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

3. Site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP)

4. Marking paint, flags, and stakes

5. Field Notebook

6. Colored pencils and drafting materials

7. Camera

Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) Prepared: J. Klaybor

Title: Site Access and Utility Clearance Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 002 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner

SOP 002 – Site Access and Utility Clearance Page 2 of 3

4.0 Procedures

4.1 Site Access

1. Initiate contact with the property owner or authorized property owner’s representative (property owner) of a site at least 30 days prior to any site visit, including site reconnaissance, drilling, sampling, or remediation activities.

2. Begin with a phone call to the property owner. State your name, affiliation, and the visit’s objective, scope, and schedule. Notify them that the phone call will be followed up with a certification letter that will be mailed to their address that requires their signature to provide site access. Confirm their preferred U.S. Postal or electronic mailing address.

3. Prepare and send an access agreement letter that describes the objective, scope, and schedule of the visit as well as a signature page for the property owner to sign. If the letter is being sent by mail, include a prepaid return envelope.

4. Call the property owner if the letter is not signed and returned within two weeks of its expected return to follow up with them.

5. If the property owner is unwilling to sign the access agreement, a court order may be required directing the property owner to grant reasonable access to the property and the court may proceed in the action in a summary manner.

6. Scan and save a copy of the signed agreement in the project file.

7. At least two weeks before mobilizing to the site, call the property owner to remind them of the project schedule and plans.

4.2 Utility Clearance

8. Gather any available site plans or as-built drawings that may show the location of site utilities.

9. Visit the site to pre-mark all areas where excavations are to occur. Use white paint (pink in snowy terrain) to mark each boundary and write “Volpe” in paint inside the boundary. Look around for any signs of buried or overhead utilities and record them in the field notebook. Plan out where equipment will be mobilized and operated within the site to identify any potential equipment mobility issues.

10. If private utilities, such as fuel lines, light poles, and private water lines are expected to be present at the site, contact a private utility location service and coordinate their visit to the site.

11. Contact the appropriate call-before-you-dig service at least 72 hours (excluding weekends and holidays) before the proposed excavation by calling 811 or using the service’s website. Record the ticket information. Tickets typically expire 30 – 60 days after being issued, so do not contact the service too early and be sure to renew the ticket if work extends outside of this timeframe. Utility companies will mark out their lines within the areas that have been pre-marked.

12. Mobilize to the site to perform the work. Photograph all markings and review them with the contractor that will be performing the excavation. Discuss safety around utilities during the safety tailgate meeting. Excavation machinery should not work within 18 inches of any markings. Vacuum excavation or hand tools may be used within 18 inches. Additionally, keep equipment 20 feet away from overhead lines. Markings should use the following color scheme:

• Red – Electric power lines, cables, conduit, and lighting cables

• Yellow – Gas, oil, steam, or gaseous materials

SOP 002 – Site Access and Utility Clearance Page 3 of 3

• Orange – Communication, alarm or signal lines, cables, or conduit

• Blue – Potable water

• Green – Sewers and drain lines

• Purple – Reclaimed water, irrigation, and slurry lines

• Pink – Temporary survey markings

• White – Proposed excavation

13. It is advantageous to draw the public and private utility locations on a scaled site plan (using colored pencils that match the color code listed above) to facilitate future subsurface intrusion work.

14. Conduct the excavation, being aware of all utility markings. Dig carefully and have a spotter guide the equipment operator when machinery is used around markings. If an unmarked utility is encountered, stop work and notify the call-before-you-dig service.

15. If an unmarked utility is encountered and damaged stop work immediately. Call 911 if it is an emergency involving danger to life, health, or property, including gas line breakages. For non-emergencies, secure the area and contact the facility owner, whose contact information should be on-hand. If you are unsure who the utility belongs to, call 811.

16. When the excavation is complete, backfill any utilities that have been exposed and removes all utility markings.

5.0 Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC)

The Volpe Field Staff are responsible for ensuring that site access permission is obtained prior to all site visits and for ensuring that sufficient utility clearance, even if initiated by the contractor, has been performed with in accordance with this SOP.

6.0 References

Dig Safe. (2015). Excavator Manual: A Guide to Safe Excavation Practices in Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.

SOP 003 – Description and Identification of Soils Page 1 of 3

This Volpe SOP identifies and describes the procedures to be used to log/classify soil during field investigations based on visual-manual methods. A profile of surface and subsurface conditions is required for investigations concerning soil contamination. Soil logs must be prepared to document soil types, field instrument measurements, depth to groundwater, soil mottling, presence of odors, vapors, soil discoloration, or the presence of free and/or residual product.

The purpose of this SOP is to ensure that the data recorded in the field can be accurately interpreted during subsurface environmental investigations. This SOP is based on and follows the Modified Burmister classification system, based on grain size and plasticity. The intent of the SOP is to establish a consistent method of soil classification in the field. More precise engineering parameters may be determined in a laboratory using industry-recognized methods such as those published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

2.0 Equipment

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the appropriate hazard level as described in the site-specific HASP

2. Health and Safety Plan (HASP), Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP), site drawings, and documents related to the sampling investigation

3. Field notebook and data recording sheets

4. Volpe Well Construction and Boring Log

5. Soil Classification Field Guide

6. Spoon

7. Pocket knife

8. Portable table

9. Plastic sheeting, optional

10. Measuring tape

11. Magnifying lens

12. Marker

13. Munsell’s color chart

14. Camera

3.0 Procedures

Major attributes of a representative soil sample to be identified in the field include soil type or lithology (sand, silt, clay), color, texture as determined by major and minor particle sizes, and sorting. Other characteristics that may be recorded include structure, cementation, moisture content, density, the presence of accessory minerals, foreign material, odor, and

Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) Prepared: E. Starr

Title: Description and Identification of Soils Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 003 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner hydrochloric acid (HCl) reaction. Additional parameters of the sample collected include method of collection, location, and depth.

The general description of a soil sample should be detailed in the field notebook and Volpe Well Construction and Boring Log (SOP Attachment 1), in the following order:

• Sample designation by type and number. Identify the origin of the soil sample and detail any changes in strata, layering, or different material with a unique ID in boring log. Include sample collection location, boring number, and depth.

• Density / consistency of the soil. Density can be difficult to quantify when using direct push methods. Samplers should pay attention to the progress of the sampling tool being advanced as well as gathering information from the driller advancing the tool.

• Color. Common colors should be used to describe soil. A Munsell soil color chart should be used to classify soil colors. Soil colors may be associated with certain soil attributes and environmental conditions. Yellow to reddish soil color may be indicative of the presence of oxidized iron and well-aerated soils.

• Moisture Content. Note the moisture content as dry, moist or wet. Dry refers to the absence of moisture, dusty, dry to the touch; moist is damp with no visible water; wet has visible free water and the soil is usually collected below the water table.

• Odor. Odor should be logged during drilling procedures and while logging the soil, when applicable. If soil contains an organic, chemical, or otherwise noticeable odor, it should be recorded, otherwise it should be left blank.

• Identification and Description of Soil Components.

a. Major and Minor Components. Examine the soil to determine the following components: Amount of sorting in the sediment, size distribution (gravel, sand, silt, clay), major and minor components, grain shape (roundness), and degree of compaction.

b. Other Components. Examine the soil sample to identify other components that may be present: Roots and root mass, vegetation, peat, organic matter, shells or fossils, accessory minerals such as mica, gypsum, and magnetite, and slag, cinder or charcoal, trash, rubbish, fill, bricks, or glass.

c. Modified Burmister Soil Description. Use the following guidelines when recording soil descriptions:

i. If the major component comprises more than 50% of the soil, than fully capitalize the major component descriptor (e.g., SAND)

ii. If the major component comprises less than 50% of the soil, capitalize the descriptor (e.g., Sand)

iii. Place a comma after the major and minor component descriptors

iv. Place size qualifiers such as coarse, medium, or fine before the major component

v. Describe the minor component with the first letter capitalized, precede by the size descriptor

(e.g., Fine Sand)

vi. Use these adjectives when describing the minor fractions:

• And = 35 to 50%

• Some = 20 to 35%

• Little = 10 to 20%

• Trace = <10%

vii. Record formal or informal geological names for soil bodies when identified

viii. Example:

• Gray medium to fine GRAVEL and coarse to fine Sand, trace silt

• Wet, very loose grey, dark grey to black, fine to coarse SAND

• Photos. Photos should be taken of each soil core while logging. For identification purposes, a jar lid or note should be placed next to the soil core to assist in identification.

4.0 Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC)

The Volpe field staff onsite for soil logging are responsible for QA/QC, which includes ensuring that all steps of the SOP are correctly performed and that the soil logging and soil sample collection is performed in line with the site-specific sampling plan.

5.0 Limitations

This SOP does not address all of the hazards and procedures associated with subsurface investigations. SOPs regarding site access, utility clearance, equipment decontamination, and sample handling procedures should be consulted prior to the use of an auger.

6.0 References

American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2000. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Designation D2488 - 00:

Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure).

Scientific, Engineering, Response & Analytical Services (SERAS) Program. 2004. Standard Operating Procedures Description and Identification of Soils. SOP 2074.

SOP 004 – Soil Headspace Screening Page 1 of 3

This Volpe SOP identifies and describes the process for screening soil sample headspaces for total ionizable volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This SOP may be used as a qualitative aid when determining factors such as the appropriate volume of sample to take and the approximate limits of excavation. This SOP also qualitatively indicates the presence and locations of VOCs.

This procedure is to be used as an aid in the on-site decision-making process and as a tool to provide more information to the Project Manager. It can be properly deployed when VOCs of interest are known in advance and are detectable by the photoionization detector (PID) or flame ionization detector (FID) in use.

2.0 Definitions

1. FID – Flame Ionization Detector

2. PID – Photoionization Detector

3. PPE – Personal Protective Equipment

4. VOCs – Volatile Organic Compounds

3.0 Equipment

1. PPE for the appropriate hazard level as described in the site-specific Health & Safety Plan (HASP)

2. HASP, Sampling/Analysis Plan (SAP), site drawings, and documents related to the sampling investigation

3. PID (or FID); and associated materials such as manufacturer’s manual, intake filters, extra batteries, and calibration equipment/gases

4. Glass sample jars

5. Aluminum foil (food grade foil is sufficient)

6. Decontamination equipment (if jars are reused)

7. Indelible marker or pen

8. Field notebook

4.0 Procedures

1. Prior to field mobilization, rent the PID and arrange for its delivery as needed. Upon receipt, check the PID to make sure that it is in good working order and ensure that it has been calibrated.

Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) Prepared: H. Talbot- Wendlandt

Title: Soil Headspace Screening for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 004 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner

SOP 004 – Soil Headspace Screening Page 2 of 3

2. Review documents pertaining to the sampling investigation including but not limited to the HASP, SAP, and site drawings to prepare for the sampling event. Identify the VOCs that are present at the site and ensure that the PID can detect them (e.g., the Ionization Potential (IP or eV) should be appropriate for the COCs under investigation).

3. Coordinate site access and perform utility clearance in accordance with Volpe SOP-002.

4. Put on PPE as described in the site-specific HASP.

5. Perform zero and span calibration for the PID, using PID manual or other guidance as necessary. Record the calibration results and background readings for ambient air at the site in the field notebook. Record the ambient air temperature and humidity.

6. Follow steps to collect either individual soil samples or soil cores:

For Individual Samples:

a. Collect a soil sample, minimizing disturbance that could cause VOC loss. It is recommended to use a coring device to achieve this.

b. Immediately transfer the sample to a sample jar and cover the jar with aluminum foil. Shake the jar for

10-15 seconds.

c. Wait 5 minutes, then shake the sample again.

d. Insert the tip of the PID through the foil and record the highest meter reading, typically observed 2-15 seconds after inserting the PID.

e. Allow the PID to return to background readings between each sample screening. Brush off any loose soil that is on the PID. If reusing jars, empty and decontaminate each jar in accordance with Volpe SOP-018 between sample screenings. Foil should not be reused.

f. The soil screening headspace results should be recorded in the field notebook or appropriate log as readings are obtained.

g. Repeat steps for each sample.

For Cores:

a. Collect the soil core.

b. Make small divots at 6-inch intervals to expose a porous surface.

c. Place the probe directly above the exposed porous surface (ensure the probe does not contact the soil) and hold for 15 seconds. Record the peak reading.

d. Record the results for each 6-inch interval on the appropriate log or in the field notebook to assist in proper sample location determination.

e. Allow the PID to return to background readings before proceeding to the next 6-inch interval.

f. Note, if multiple soil cores need to be collected (e.g., 4 to 5 48”-60” soil cores for a 20-foot soil boring), the up/down orientation of the core should be noted along with the depth interval so that the orientation of the soil cores is not lost. Soil cores should be kept out of direct sunlight, rain, and excessive ambient temperatures while soil screening and sample collection are in progress.

g. Soil cores should be logged for lithology after the soil screening and sample collection steps are completed.

7. After screening all samples or after 2 hours (whichever occurs first), check background readings again and record results.

SOP 004 – Soil Headspace Screening Page 3 of 3

5.0 Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC)

This is a screening procedure only; results should not be considered to be quantitative. The Volpe staff on-site is responsible for QA/QC, which includes ensuring that all steps of the SOP are correctly performed and that the PID is operated according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

6.0 Limitations

Data collected using this SOP should be treated as qualitative data to aid in decision-making while on-site. It does NOT provide quantitative data. This SOP should only be used when compounds of interest are known and detectable with the PID or FID chosen. Results may vary based on sample temperature, degree of agitation of the sample, and ambient air temperature and humidity. Most PIDs have a reliable detection limit of 1 part per million.

7.0 References

Environmental Protection Agency, 2007. Method 3815: Screening Solid Samples for Volatile Organics (SW-846).

SOP 005 –Surficial Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Sampling Page 1 of 4

This Volpe SOP identifies the appropriate sampling equipment and describes the process for surficial soil, sediment, and sludge sample collection.

2.0 Definitions

1. BGS – below ground surface

2. Surficial soil – overburden materials located ≤ 2 ft bgs

3. Sediment – particulate matter deposited on the bed or bottom of a water body

4. Sludge – a viscous liquid byproduct of wastewater treatment and industrial processes

3.0 Equipment

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the appropriate hazard level as described in the site-specific Health & Safety Plan (HASP); nitrile gloves and safety glasses are the minimum recommended level of protection

2. HASP, Sampling/Analysis Plan (SAP), site drawings, and documents related to the sampling investigation

3. Field notebook and indelible marker or pen

4. Marking flags

5. Camera

6. Sample containers (appropriate number, type, and preservatives) with labels and chain of custody; sample cooler with ice

7. Appropriate sampling materials, which may include: metal spoons and bowls, hand auger, shovel, trowel, and/or other tools

8. Decontamination equipment, including paper towels and detergent

9. Optional: photoionization detector (PID) and associated materials for soil headspace screening (Volpe SOP-002)

10. Waders and/or personal flotation device (PFD), if required

4.0 General Procedures

1. Prior to mobilization, inspect all field equipment to ensure that all components are present, in good condition, and protected from potential sources of contamination. Inspect waders for holes.

2. Review documents pertaining to the sampling investigation including but not limited to the HASP, SAP, and site drawings to prepare for the sampling event. Determine the sampling technique(s) that will be deployed and the

Title: Surficial Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Sampling Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 005 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner

SOP 005 –Surficial Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Sampling Page 2 of 4 equipment that will be used. Determine whether waders and/or a PFD will be necessary. Waders are required when sampling in a water body. A PFD is recommended for any deep water.

3. Coordinate site access and perform utility clearance in accordance with Volpe SOP-002.

4. Once onsite, put on PPE as described in the site-specific HASP.

5. Record site conditions as described in Volpe SOP-001.

6. Follow the instructions for the selected sampling device (listed in the following section of this SOP) to collect the surficial soil, sediment, or sludge samples. Record the soil description, sample location coordinates, or other pertinent information in the field notebook. Photograph the sample location and sampled material. Ensure that photographs include context of other site features so that the sample location can be replicated in the future if needed and/or draw a sketch of the sample location on a scaled site map.

7. If the sample needs to be homogenized, mix the collected material in a clean bowl, then place in the appropriate sample container(s). Otherwise, place the sample directly into the sample container(s).

8. Samples for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) analysis must not be composited, unless otherwise specified in the SAP, and samples should be collected and containerized as quickly and carefully as possible to minimize volatilization.

9. Any water in the sample container should be slowly siphoned off with a clean syringe. Do not decant samples. If the water is turbid, allow it to settle.

10. Fill sample containers completely, unless otherwise instructed by the laboratory procedures. If performing soil headspace screening, do so now (Volpe SOP-004). Otherwise, place the lid on the sample container.

11. Wipe any sediment off of the outside of the sample container. Label samples and complete chain of custody as described in Volpe SOP-019 and/or documentation from the analytical laboratory. Place samples in the cooler with ice.

12. Decontaminate any equipment used, following Volpe SOP-018.

13. Repeat steps 6-12 for each sample location.

5.0 Sampling Device Procedures

The following section describes common sampling devices used to collect surficial soil, sediment, or sludge samples. This is not a complete list of sampling devices. The devices for a specific sampling program will be selected based on site conditions (accessibility, type of soil/sediment/sludge, desired depth of sample(s), etc.) and on ambient conditions (i.e., frozen ground during winter). This list should be updated if the SAP specifics a sample parameter that is not appropriate for this listed sampling devices.

5.1 Hand Scoops, Trowels, and Shovels

These are used to sample surficial soil, sediment, or sludge. A stainless-steel tool is preferred. Scoops and trowels can disrupt the liquid/sediment interface and are therefore best suited for grab samples, surficial soils, and sludge. Shovels are recommended to reach soil at depth.

1. Use scoop, trowel, or shovel to reach desired depth. If collecting a surface sample and the soil is exposed to air, it is recommended to remove at least the first 2 cm of material before collecting the sample.

2. Insert scoop, trowel, or shovel into soil/sediment/sludge at desired depth and remove sample.

SOP 005 –Surficial Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Sampling Page 3 of 4

5.2 Hand-Held Corer

This device can be used to sample surficial soil, sediment, or sludge. It can typically be used to sample up to 10 ft bgs;

under ideal conditions, it can be used to reach greater depths. If using underwater, ensure that the selected corer has a valve at the top to prevent sample loss during retrieval. It is not recommended for use in unconsolidated materials or materials with large (e.g., cobble-size) clasts.

1. Place corer directly over the area to be sampled. Push it straight down into the soil while twisting in the direction of the cutting head (typically clockwise).

2. Once the core tube is full, withdraw the corer.

3. Remove the nosepiece and remove the sample. Place it on a stainless-steel tray, a piece of plastic sheeting, or a sheet of aluminum foil.

5.3 Hand Auger

Similar to a hand-held corer, an auger can be used to sample material at depth. It is well-suited to sample a wide variety of materials and is typically used to sample up to 10 ft bgs. It can be used at greater depths, though sampling efforts may be limited by borehole collapse or the presence of rock layers. It is not recommended for use in unconsolidated materials or material rich in large (cobble-size) clasts.

1. See Volpe SOP-006.

5.4 Gravity Corer

This device is best suited for sampling sediment or sludge underwater and 1-6 ft bgs. It will typically have a valve on the top to prevent sample loss and stabilizing fins to maintain vertical position while moving through liquid. It may have attachable weights.

1. Attach the corer to the required length of nylon line. 20-mm solid braided nylon line is recommended as it is easier to handle, though 5-mm line is sufficient.

2. Secure the free end of the line to a fixed support or object.

3. Allow the corer to free fall through the water body or other liquid to the bottom.

4. Lift the corer with a smooth, continuous motion. Avoid bumping or jostling the corer.

5. Remove the nosepiece and remove the sample. Place it on a stainless-steel tray, a piece of plastic sheeting, or a sheet of aluminum foil.

5.5 Benthic Samplers

These samplers are designed to retrieve sediment or sludge from the bottom of a body of water. They include drags, sleds, and scoops. Most of these devices only collect shallow samples and they tend to disturb the sediment.

1. For a scoop: If the scoop is a clamshell-type grab sampler, open it and lower it to the desired sample depth. Pull the line to close the scoop and collect the sample. Lift it and retrieve the sample.

2. For drags and sleds: Lower the drag or sled to the desired sample depth. Drag it to collect the sample. Lift it and retrieve the sample.

SOP 005 –Surficial Soil, Sediment, and Sludge Sampling Page 4 of 4

6.0 Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC)

The Volpe field staff onsite for sample collection is responsible for QA/QC, which includes ensuring that all steps of the SOP are correctly performed and that the sample collection is performed in line with the site-specific sampling plan.

7.0 Limitations and Precautions

This SOP does not address all of the hazards and procedures associated with subsurface investigations. SOPs regarding site access, utility clearance, and equipment decontamination should be consulted prior to sampling.

Entering any surface water body can be dangerous, especially if it is deep or fast-flowing. The sampler should use caution if stretching to reach the surface water body from shore. Precautions may include wearing waders, wearing a PFD, sampling in teams of two people, ensuring that the shoreline is stable and dry, and securing oneself to a stable object.

8.0 References

US Environmental Protection Agency, 2001. Methods for Collection, Storage, and Manipulation of Sediments for Chemical and Toxicological Analyses: Technical Manual, EPA/823/B 01/002.

SOP 008 – Split-Spoon/Split Barrel Sampling Page 1 of 3

This Volpe SOP identifies and describes the procedures and methods required for the collection of subsurface soil samples utilizing a split-spoon/split-barrel sampling device. This procedure includes the minimum required steps and quality checks that field personnel must follow when using this sampling technique.

Split spoon sampling methods can be used in the collection of continuous or discrete soil samples from shallow and deep borings. The use of the sampler is typically utilized in conjunction with conventional drilling techniques such as hollow stem auger or rotary drilling. Split-spoon samplers consist of split cylindrical barrels that are threaded on each end. The leading end is attached to a beveled threaded collar or cutting shoe. The other end has a threaded collar that attaches the spoon to the string of the drill rod. The assembled sampler is hammered, or weight-driven into the soil, and the hollow core of the sampler is filled with soil and withdrawn from the boring. Upon removal from the boring, the split-spoon sampler is disassembled and soil can be collected for field or laboratory analysis and classification.

The Volpe project manager is responsible for coordination with necessary subcontractors. The Volpe field specialist is responsible for implementing all field activities in accordance with the site-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). State-specific subsurface investigation regulations pertaining to site remediation and drilling permits should be reviewed prior to planning the work.

2.0 Equipment

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the appropriate hazard level as described in the site-specific Health & Safety Plan (HASP)

2. HASP, Sampling/Analysis Plan (SAP), site drawings, and documents related to the sampling investigation

3. Field notebook

4. Boring logs and/or field data sheets

5. Engineers Ruler or measuring tape

6. Indelible marker and/or pen

7. Drill equipment

8. Split-spoon samplers, drill rods, drive hammer

9. Environmental sampling equipment

10. Sample cooler with ice and sample containers (appropriate number, type, and preservatives)

11. Aluminum foil, glass jars, or Zip-loc® bags if soil headspace screening is planned

12. Chain of custody

13. Polyethylene sheeting

14. Decontamination supplies

15. Camera

Title: Split-Spoon/Split-Barrel Soil Sampling Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 008 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner

16. Water level meter, if required

17. Photoionization Detector/Flame Ionization Detector (PID/FID), if required.

3.0 Procedures

3.1 Mobilization and Set Up

1. Review documents pertaining to the sampling investigation including but not limited to the HASP, SAP, and site drawings to prepare for mobilization.

2. Prior to mobilization, inspect all field equipment to ensure that all components are present, in good condition, and protected from potential sources of contamination.

3. Don (put on) PPE as described in the site-specific HASP.

4. Drill operators and field specialists should be familiar with the locations of utilities in the area, both overhead and underground. For all subsurface explorations or excavations using any method, adherence to regulations that require utility notification (e.g., Dig Safe® or Call Before You Dig) is mandatory (refer to Volpe SOP-002).

3.2 Field Procedures

5. Once mobilized to the site, field personnel will review the SAP with drill operators and evaluate each proposed borehole location for potential hazards or obstructions. If borehole locations must be moved due to the presence of hazards or obstructions, suitable alternative drilling locations should be identified and confirmed with the project lead or manager.

6. For Hollow Stem Auger drilling, refer to Volpe SOP-011. For rotary drilling, refer to Volpe SOP-012.

7. If necessary, install safety cones, caution tape, and/or barriers around the drilling location to secure the work area. Identify a safe location and place polyethylene sheeting down within the work area.

8. Following drilling, attach the split-spoon sampler to the drill rods and lower into the borehole.

9. The split-spoon sampler is advanced through repeated blows from a 140- or 300-poiund hammer dropped from a height of 30 inches (record the details in field book and/or soil boring logs).

10. After advancing the sampler the entire length of the sampler device, bring the sampler to the surface using the drill rod and rig.

11. The drilling contractor will open the sampler by removing the drive shoe and sampler head, trying to avoid hammering and releasing any pieces.

12. Subsurface soil will be collected continuously for lithologic classification by the site geologist and recorded in the

Volpe Well Construction and Soil Boring Log (SOP Attachment 1).

13. Record total advancement and recovery on the boring log. For environmental investigations, screen the soil sample with a PID/FID for volatiles and perform visual inspection of the sample for staining, odors, and/or NAPL presence per Volpe SOP-004.

14. If performing VOC analysis, the VOC sample should be collected and transferred directly to the appropriate sample container immediately upon opening the sampler. Refer to Volpe SOP-009 for field preservation of VOA soil/sediment for sample collection.

15. Collected soil samples shall be documented and logged in accordance with Volpe SOP-019.

16. Disassemble and decontaminate the split spoon between each soil interval.

17. Drill cuttings and excess sample material shall be handled as Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW) per Volpe SOP- 020 and managed in accordance with the SAP.

18. Prior to final demobilization from the site, the drill rig should be free of gross contamination and decontaminated as necessary.

4.0 Quality Assurance and Control (QA/QC)

The Volpe field staff onsite for sample collection is responsible for QA/QC, which includes ensuring that all steps of the SOP are correctly performed and that the sample collection is performed in line with the site-specific sampling plan.

5.0 Limitations and Precautions

All personnel involved with split-spoon/split-barrel sampling and the required drilling should be familiar with the site-specific hazards included in the HASP. All personnel shall be familiar with emergency procedures when a drill rig is in use.

The Drill Operator should be licensed. Site-specific hazards and potential exposure to contaminants shall be detailed in the HASP with recommended PPE. State-specific subsurface investigation regulations pertaining to site remediation and drilling permits should be reviewed prior to planning the work.

6.0 References

ASTM, 2018. ASTM Designation D 1586-M-18; Standard Test Method for Penetration Test and Split- Barrel Sampling of Soils; Revised 2018.

EPA Laboratory Services and Applied Science Division, 2007. Operating Procedure: Soil Sampling.

NJDEP. 2005. Field Sampling Procedures Manual. August 2005.

SOP 009 – Field Preservation of VOA Soil and Sediment Samples Page 1 of 3

This Volpe SOP identifies and describes the process for field preservation of soil and sediment samples to be analyzed for presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Preservation is critical to minimize the potential loss of VOCs from samples prior to analysis at the lab. Sample preservation involves the addition of specific reagents to stop degradation of the VOCs which may be present in collected samples. These reagents also act as preservatives, increasing holding and turnaround times.

2.0 Definitions

1. PPE – personal protective equipment such as safety vests, steel toe boots, coveralls, respirators, etc.

1. VOCs – Volatile Organic Compounds

2. HASP – Health and Safety Plan

3. SOP – Standard Operating Procedure

4. CoC- Chain of Custody

5. DI water – Deionized water

3.0 Equipment

2. PPE for the appropriate hazard level as described in the site-specific HASP

3. HASP, Sampling/Analysis Plan (SAP), site drawings, and documents related to the sampling investigation

4. Field notebook and log sheets

5. Indelible ink pen

6. Pre-preserved 40-mil glass VOA vials provided by lab

7. Disposable volumetric sampling device, provided by lab. Examples include:

a. Terra Core – Disposable plastic sampler that collects 5 grams of soil. One time use only.

b. EnCore – One-time use sampling set that collects 5 or 25 grams of soil. Optional use of steel sampler holder. No preservatives are needed when using EnCore samplers, but additional QA/QC is needed.

c. Modified, pre-cut, 10-ml plastic syringe – One time use only.

8. Cooler and ice for sample storage

9. Paper towels

Title: Field Preservation of VOA Soil and Sediment Samples

Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 009 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner

SOP 009 – Field Preservation of VOA Soil and Sediment Samples Page 2 of 3

Soil and sediment samples to be analyzed for VOCs are generally preserved three ways: sodium bisulfate or DI water (more common) – for low concentrations, or methanol. These preservatives are most commonly added to lab supplied glass 40-ml vials. It is important to know if the soils to be sampled contain high levels of carbonate as sodium bisulfate will cause an effervescent chemical reaction. In these instances, inform the lab when requesting supplies. Note: not all types of disposable volumetric sampling devices require preservative. It is always important to review the project sampling plan prior to the sampling event to determine if preservative should be present.

For a brief discussion on sampler types, see Section 3.0. Volpe field staff must use disposable volumetric sampling devices for collecting samples to be analyzed for VOCs. Collecting and preserving a sample collected using a generic disposable volumetric sampling device is outlined below:

1. Begin by ensuring the proper amount of preservative exists in the sampling vessel if required by the sampler type or expected VOC concentrations. These are pre-added by the lab and commonly demarked on the glass to show how high the level should be. If preservative has been lost, do not use the vial for sample storage and make a note in the field notebook.

2. Don (put on) PPE if not already equipped. Specific PPE for each project will be outlined in the site-specific HASP.

3. As described in Volpe SOP-005, push the sampler into freshly exposed soil until the chamber is completed filled.

Try to avoid large pieces of rock, gravel, or organic material.

4. Clean the outside of the sampler with a clean paper towel.

5. Place the opening of the sampler into the sample container if applicable. Screw the lid on and gently invert the bottle several times to ensure the sample is completely saturated with preservative if using one.

6. Repeat this process for additional sample jars in the set. The same sampler can be used at a single sample location and interval. Generally, one sample location will consist of several sample vials. Most commonly a set consists of three 40-ml glass vials and one jar:

a. 2 low-level vials preserved with sodium bisulfate or DI water (more common)

b. 1 medium-level vial preserved with methanol

c. 1 percent moisture, commonly not a vial but standard sample jar

7. Once all vials/jars contain sample material, dispose of the sampler.

8. Although there are varying ways to label the sample, it is important to not cover up or mark over any of the lab’s data that may be shown on provided vials/jars. One method is to keep all vials/jars for a single sample location together, put them in a bag together, then label the bag. Other labs may provide specialized 40-ml glass jar labels, already placed such that the sampler can label the vial without covering any needed lab data. If issues arise where it is impossible to label without covering lab data, take photos of the vials prior to labeling and make a note in the field notebook.

9. Place vials into lab-provided carrying tray/block. These structures help keep vials upright and protected.

10. Immediately place samples on ice in the cooler and close the lid.

11. Repeat steps 1-10 for additional sample locations.

SOP 009 – Field Preservation of VOA Soil and Sediment Samples Page 3 of 3

As discussed in Section 4.0, it is the sampler’s responsibility to ensure:

1. Once onsite, preservative in laboratory supplied containers has not been lost during transport. This must be done for each pre-preserved vial.

2. Disposable volumetric samplers are only used at one sample location and then disposed of.

3. Samples must be placed on ice immediately after collection

4. CoCs are properly filled out per Volpe SOP-019

5. Field notes are taken in accordance with Volpe SOP-001

6.0 Limitations

This SOP does not outline specific sampling procedures with all types of disposable volumetric samplers and instead focuses on preserving the quality of sediment samples to be analyzed for VOCs. If needed, this SOP will be updated in the future to include preservation of aqueous samples or outline sampling with specific types of disposable volumetric samplers.

7.0 References

United States Environmental Protection Agency (1996). Closed-System Purge-and-Trap and Extraction for Volatile Organics in Soil and Waste Samples

Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (2001). Preservation Techniques for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Soil Sample Analysis, WSC# 99-415.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (1999). EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Statement of Work (SOW) for Superfund Analytical Methods for Low Concentration Water for Organics Analysis (SAMLCO)

SOP 010 – Direct Push Technique Drilling Page 1 of 3

This Volpe SOP identifies and describes the procedure, protocols, control, and requirements for sampling subsurface soil using direct push technique (DPT) drilling technology. DPT drilling is primarily used to investigate shallow to intermediate depths (<50 feet [ft] below grade surface [bgs]). Soil cores are collected and retrieved using a liner (e.g., MacroCore sampler) inside a hollow barrel (e.g., probe rod). State-specific subsurface investigation pertaining to site remediation and drilling permits should be reviewed prior to planning the work. This SOP does not discuss using DPT technology to install a monitoring well.

2.0 Definitions

1. BGS – below ground surface

2. Catcher/retainer – end piece inserted into the drive point of the sampler to help retain loose material in the sampler

3. DPT – direct push technique; uses direct force to advance a sampling device

4. Drill string – the extension rods and sampler

5. Extension rods – hollow steel rods used to advance and retrieve sampler

6. Impact head – part of the direct-push rig which transfers energy to the drill string

7. Push depth – depth bgs of the sampler

8. Sampler – device used to collect subsurface soil

3.0 Equipment

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the appropriate hazard level as described in the site-specific Health & Safety Plan (HASP)

2. HASP, Sampling/Analysis Plan (SAP), site drawings, and documents related to the sampling investigation

3. Field notebook and indelible marker or pen

4. Volpe Monitoring Well Construction and Boring Log

5. Marking flags

6. Photoionization Detector (PID)

7. Camera

8. Tape measure

9. Polyethylene sheeting

10. Sampler, extension rods, catcher, and liners

11. Sample containers (appropriate number, type, and preservatives) with labels and chain of custody; sample cooler with ice

Title: Direct Push Technique Drilling Reviewed: C. Fry

No: 010 Ver. 1.0 Date: 01/09/23 Approval: M. Heimgartner

SOP 010 – Direct Push Technique Drilling Page 2 of 3

12. Appropriate sampling materials, which may include: metal spoons and bowls, trowel, and/or other tools

13. Decontamination equipment, including paper towels, detergent, and water

4.0 Procedures

1. Prior to mobilization, inspect all field equipment to ensure that all components are present, in good condition, and protected from potential sources of contamination.

2. Review documents pertaining to the sampling investigation including but not limited to the HASP, SAP, and site drawings to prepare for the sampling event. Determine the sampling technique(s) that will be deployed and the equipment that will be used.

3. Coordinate site access and perform utility clearance in accordance with Volpe SOP-002.

4. Once onsite, don (put on) the appropriate PPE per the site-specific HASP.

5. Review…