Attachment 4 - Final Governing Standards Turkey Sept 2016.pdf

US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

ENVIRONMENTAL

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

TURKEY

Prepared by the

Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Environmental and Real Property Branch, Europe Division (AFCEC/CFEE) on behalf of the

Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment, and Energy (SAF/IEE)

September 2016

This Page Intentionally Blank

FGS-T Executive Summary i September 2016

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

DoDI 4715.05, Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States, establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for managing environmental compliance to protect human health and safety outside the United States (US) on installations under DoD control. The DoDI designates Lead Environmental Components (LECs) for specific countries and geographic locations outside the US and tasks them to perform various duties. Those duties include establishing and maintaining specific environmental compliance requirements all DoD installations located in the LEC's assigned country must obey. DoDI 4715.05 designates the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) as the LEC for the Republic of Turkey (T) and authorizes SECAF to delegate LEC responsibilities through the chain-of-command to an appropriate general-level commander. At the present time, SECAF has delegated LEC responsibilities through the chain-of-command to the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Installations, Environment, and Energy (SECAF/IEE). In accordance with Air Force Instruction 32-7091, Environmental Management Outside the United States, the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) provides support to SAF/IEE in the performance of LEC responsibilities, to include updating Final Governing Standards (FGS).

FGS for a country are environmental compliance standards that include substantive provisions (e.g., technical limits on air emissions or wastewater discharges) and specific management practices (e.g., recordkeeping and reporting requirements) that apply to all DoD installations located in that country unless an exemption or exception applies. In accordance with DoDI 4715.05, FGS do not address remediation of environmental contamination from DoD activities and do not address environmental project planning requirements (i.e., environmental impacts analysis process). Because they apply to all DoD installations in Turkey, the FGS-T updates described below were developed based on teamwork, cooperation, and consultation among DoD Service Component representatives within the US European Command (USEUCOM) area of responsibility and the EUCOM Theater Environmental Coordinator.

The 2016 FGS-T update was a full revision of the document based on the 2007 Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document (OEBGD) and active host nation environmental legislation as of March 2015.

Revalidations and Updates IAW DODI 4715.05, Encl 3 (4)(f)

Action Date Posted By

Revision 0: Full Revision Sep 2016 AFCEC

FGS-T Executive Summary ii September 2016

FGS-T Table of Contents iii September 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CHAPTER 1 – OVERVIEW....................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Purpose................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Applicability .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Exemptions ............................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.4 Definitions.............................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5 Permits and Reporting............................................................................................................ 1-2

1.6 Website References................................................................................................................ 1-3

1.7 Additional Information .......................................................................................................... 1-3

1.8 Lead Environmental Component ........................................................................................... 1-4

CHAPTER 2 – AIR EMISSIONS ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 2-4

CHAPTER 3 – DRINKING WATER ......................................................................................... 3-1

3.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 3-3

CHAPTER 4 – WASTEWATER ................................................................................................ 4-1

4.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 4-4

CHAPTER 5 – HAZARDOUS MATERIAL.............................................................................. 5-1

5.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 5-2

CHAPTER 6 – HAZARDOUS WASTE..................................................................................... 6-1

6.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 6-3 iv September 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Page

CHAPTER 7 – SOLID WASTE.................................................................................................. 7-1

7.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 7-4

CHAPTER 8 – MEDICAL WASTE ........................................................................................... 8-1

8.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 8-1

8.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 8-3

CHAPTER 9 – PETROLEUM, OIL, AND LUBRICANTS (POL)............................................ 9-1

9.1. Scope..................................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.2. Definitions............................................................................................................................. 9-1

9.3. Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 9-2

CHAPTER 10 – RESERVED.................................................................................................... 10-1

CHAPTER 11 – PESTICIDES .................................................................................................. 11-1

11.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 11-1

11.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 11-1

11.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 11-2

CHAPTER 12 – HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES.............................................. 12-1

12.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 12-1

12.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 12-2

CHAPTER 13 – NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENDANGERED SPECIES....................... 13-1

13.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 13-1

13.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 13-1

13.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 13-2

CHAPTER 14 – POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs).............................................. 14-1

14.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 14-1

14.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 14-1

14.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 14-3 v September 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Page

CHAPTER 15 – ASBESTOS .................................................................................................... 15-1

15.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 15-1

15.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 15-1

15.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 15-2

CHAPTER 16 – RESERVED.................................................................................................... 16-1

CHAPTER 17 – LEAD-BASED PAINT. ................................................................................. 17-1

17.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 17-1

17.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 17-1

17.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 17-3

CHAPTER 18 – SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANNING ............................... 18-1

18.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 18-1

18.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 18-1

18.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 18-2

CHAPTER 19 – UNDERGROUNG STORAGE TANKS (USTs)........................................... 19-1

19.1. Scope................................................................................................................................. 19-1

19.2. Definitions......................................................................................................................... 19-1

19.3. Criteria .............................................................................................................................. 19-2

APPENDICES

Appendix AP1 – List of Hazardous Waste / Substances / Materials for Spill Reporting.........AP-1

Appendix AP2 – Determination of Worst Case Discharge Planning Volume ......................... AP-2 vi September 2016

FGS-T – Chapter 1 Overview

1-1 September 2016

CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

C1.1. PURPOSE

C1.1.1. The primary purpose of these Final Governing Standards (FGS) is to provide specific standards for environmental compliance at United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD) installations in Turkey. This document implements DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.05, "Environmental Compliance at Installations Outside the United States" and is based on DoD 4715.05-G, “Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document” (OEBGD).

C1.2. APPLICABILITY

C1.2.1. These FGS provide environmental compliance standards for actions for DoD Components at installations in Turkey.

C1.2.2. Activities and installations shall notify the Lead Environmental Component (LEC) of any directly conflicting DoD component policies or directives they discover before imposing criteria more protective than provided in these FGS.

C1.2.3. DoD components shall not enter into agreements with Turkish authorities at any level that establish criteria for compliance with environmental criteria different than provided in these FGS without the prior written approval of the LEC.

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS. These standards do not apply to:

C1.3.1. DoD installations that do not have more than de minimis potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices, and other similar organizations), or activities for which the DoD Components exercise control over only on a temporary or intermittent basis.

C1.3.2. Leased, joint use, and similar facilities to the extent that the Department of Defense does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate.

C1.3.3. Operations of US military vessels or the operations of US military aircraft, or off-installation operational and training deployments. Off-installation operational deployments include cases of hostilities, contingency operations in hazardous areas, and when US forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under full control of the US. Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international agreements, other DoDDs and DoDIs, and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders. However, these FGS do apply to support functions for US military

1-2 September 2016 vessels and US military aircraft provided by the DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material.

C1.3.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under Executive Order (EO) 12344, "Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program" and conducted pursuant to 42 United States Code (USC) 7158.

C1.3.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by the Department of Defense's past activities.

C1.3.6. Environmental analyses conducted under EO 12114, "Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions".

C1.4. DEFINITIONS

For purposes of this document, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.4.1. Appropriate DoD Medical Authority. The medical professional designated by the in-theater Component Commander to be responsible for resolving medical issues at the Component’s installations.

C1.4.2. Existing Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.4.3. Installation. For the purposes of this document, any base, camp, post, station, yard, center, or other activity (e.g., a geographically separated unit) under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of a Military Department that is located within Turkey or any territory, commonwealth, or possession of Turkey.

C1.4.4. New Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project with a construction start date on or after 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.4.5. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility and/or building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C1.4.6. Turkish Installation Commander. The Turkish Installation Commander is the formal Turkish representative of the installation pursuant to bilateral agreement and serves as the liaison with national authorities and the contact with local authorities and local Turkish military and civil entities.

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C1.5. PERMITS AND REPORTING

C1.5.1. Formal interaction or interaction of common (Turkish and US) interest with Turkish authorities shall be conducted with the cognizance of the Turkish Installation Commander.

C1.5.2. The DoD shall not directly obtain permits from Turkey. If a permit is required for DoD activities as listed within these FGS, the DoD Component shall request the Turkish Installation Commander to obtain such permit on their behalf. When the Turkish Installation Commander obtains a permit on behalf of a DoD Component and the permit requires a more protective standard than prescribed in the FGS, the standard in the permit shall be the compliance standard. However, if a permit allows a less protective standard, then the FGS will be the compliance standard unless a waiver is obtained. DoD Components will assist the Turkish Installation Commander with applying for permits and providing reports and records or otherwise helping him with his liaison duties. If the Turkish Installation Commander is unable to obtain the necessary permit, contact the LEC for guidance.

C1.5.3. If the installation at issue does not appear to fall under the responsibility of any Turkish Installation Commander, the DoD installation shall request clarification from the LEC via the chain of command. The LEC will pursue having higher Turkish military headquarters resolve representational responsibility, when necessary.

C1.5.4. If installation requests the Turkish Installation Commander obtain a required permit on their behalf and the Turkish Installation Commander does not obtain the permit, the DoD Component will notify the LEC via the chain of command. The LEC will determine if and when to pursue further permit discussions with higher Turkish military headquarters. These FGS remain the compliance standards when the Turkish Installation Commander does not obtain a required permit for a DoD Component or activity.

C1.6. WEBSITE REFERENCES

C1.6.1. References to websites that are not controlled by the DoD are intended for information purposes, solely to facilitate compliance with existing FGS in this document.

C1.6.2. Any other requirement, standard or criteria listed in the website shall not be incorporated by reference as a FGS. Reference to the website does not establish any obligation to comply with other requirements, standards, or criteria listed in the website.

C1.6.3. Referenced websites that are not under the control of the DoD may be changed at any time without notice to the DoD.

C1.7. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

C1.7.1. DoDI 4715.4, "Pollution Prevention," implements policy, assigns responsibility, and prescribes procedures for implementation of pollution prevention programs throughout the DoD.

1-4 September 2016

DoDI 4715.4 should be consulted for particular requirements that apply, as a matter of DoD policy, to activities outside the US. Where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements, pollution prevention shall be the preferred means for attaining compliance with these FGS.

C1.7.2. Laboratory analyses necessary to implement these FGS shall normally be conducted in a laboratory that has been certified by a US or Turkish regulatory authority for the applicable test method. In the absence of a laboratory that has been so certified, laboratory analyses may also be conducted at a laboratory that has established reliable compliance with quality assurance standards for the applicable test method that are generally recognized by appropriate industry or scientific organizations.

C1.7.3. DoD Components shall establish and implement an environmental audit program to ensure that overseas installations assess compliance with these FGS at least once every 3 years at all major installations.

C1.7.4. Unless otherwise specified, all record keeping requirements, including assessments, inspection records, logs, manifests, notices, forms, and formats, are described in accordance with paragraph C4.4.2 of DoD 8910.1-M, “DoD Procedures for Management of Information Requirements.”

C1.7.5. Contractors performing work for DoD must comply with all Turkish laws and regulations including obtaining all necessary licenses and permits.

C1.7.6. These FGS do not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United States, the Department of Defense, or any of its components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although this Guide refers to other DoDDs and DoDIs, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives as required to implement the policies found in Reference (a). This Guide does not change other DoDDs or DoDIs or alter DoD policies.

C1.8. LEAD ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT

The Lead Environmental Component (LEC) for these FGS is the SAF/IEE. However, the point of contact for environmental compliance issues is HQ AFCEC/CFEE.

Questions or comments pertaining to this FGS should be directed to the Air Force Civil Engineer

Center, Facilities Engineering Center of Excellence, Europe Division, Environmental and Real

Property Branch at:

HQ AFCEC/CFEE

Unit 3050 Box 10

APO AE 09094

1-5 September 2016

Telephone:

DSN 480-6382/6482/3072

Civ +49-6371-47-6382/6482/3072

Email:

AFCEC.CFE.StorefrontEurope@ramstein.af.mil

FGS-T – Chapter 2 Air Emissions

2-1 September 2016

CHAPTER 2

AIR EMISSIONS

C2.1. SCOPE

This Chapter contains standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of solid waste are contained in Chapter 7, “Solid Waste.” Criteria addressing asbestos are contained in Chapter 15, “Asbestos.”

C2.2. DEFINITIONS

C2.2.1. Coal Refuse. Waste products from coal mining, cleaning, and coal preparation operations (e.g., culm and gob) containing coal, matrix material, clay, and other organic and inorganic material.

C2.2.2. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soil and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, nonboiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as cold cleaning machines.

C2.2.3. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator (CISWI) Units. Any combustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion without energy recovery that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility (including field-erected, modular, and custom incineration units operating with starved or excess air). CISWI units do NOT include Municipal Waste Combustor Units, Sewage Sludge Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, and Hazardous Waste Combustion Units.

C2.2.4. Emission. Direct or indirect emission of substances, vibration, heat, or noise from a singular or non-point source to air.

C2.2.5. Emission Limit Values. Mass, concentration and/or an emission level not to be exceeded in specified time intervals and expressed with specified parameters for an air emissions source.

C2.2.6. Facility. A unit or a collection of units with emissions to the atmosphere along with machines, tools, and other fixed assemblies; and properties where materials are stored, unloaded, and work is performed.

C2.2.7. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.8. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

2-2 September 2016

C2.2.9. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). A compound consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon often used as a replacement for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS).

C2.2.10. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation.

C2.2.11. Motor Vehicle. Any commercially available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway, including but not limited to, passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy duty vehicles.

C2.2.12. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Any equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste (MSW) including, but not limited to, field-erected MWC units (with or without heat recovery), modular MWC units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units.

Municipal waste combustion units do NOT include pyrolysis or MWC units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit, cement kilns that combust MSW, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

C2.2.13. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Any household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded from residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, hospitals (nonmedical), nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel.

Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge;

wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

C2.2.14. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Substances having the potential to destroy ozone in the stratosphere. They include the following and are specifically identified in Table C2.T3.

C2.2.14.1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs);

C2.2.14.2. Other Fully Halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons;

C2.2.14.3. Halons;

C2.2.14.4. Carbon Tetrachloride;

2-3 September 2016

C2.2.14.5. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methyl Chloroform);

C2.2.14.6. Methyl bromide;

C2.2.14.7. Hydrobromofluorocarbons;

C2.2.14.8. Bromochloromethane; and

C2.2.14.9. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).

C2.2.15. Pathological Waste. Waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

C2.2.16. Perfluorocarbon (PFC). A compound consisting solely of carbon and fluorine often used as a replacement for ODS.

C2.2.17. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

C2.2.18. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

C2.2.19. Recovery. The collection and the storage of ODS-containing refrigerants from any and all machinery and equipment during servicing or before disposal.

C2.2.20. Recycling. The reuse of a recovered ODS-containing refrigerants following a basic cleaning process such as filtering and drying. For refrigerants, recycling means recharging the ODS-containing refrigerants back into the refrigeration equipment after servicing.

C2.2.21. Stack. Any point in a source covered by criteria contained in C2.3.1, C2.3.2, C2.3.3, C2.3.4, or C2.3.5 designed to emit pollutants.

C2.2.22. Steam/Hot Water Generating Unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or process heaters.

C2.2.23. Substantially-Modified. Any modification to a facility/building, the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.24. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent which generates solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.25. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

2-4 September 2016

C2.3. CRITERIA

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units. The following standards apply to units that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.3.1.1. Air Emission Standards. The following criteria apply to units with a maximum design heat input capacity greater or equal to 2.93 megawatts (10 million Btu/hr).

C2.3.1.1.1. Steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in Table C2.T1 at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.1.2. For units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight%) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel. Use these data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table C2.T1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.1.2. Air Emissions Monitoring. Steam/hot water generating units subject to opacity or nitrogen oxides (NOX) standards in C2.T1 must have a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure the flue gas as follows:

C2.3.1.2.1. For units with a maximum design heat input capacity > 8.8 megawatts (30 million Btu/hr): Opacity, except that CEMS is not required where gaseous or distillate fuels are the only fuels combusted.

C2.3.1.2.2. For fossil fuel fired units with a maximum design heat input capacity >

29.3 megawatts (100 million Btu/hr): NOX and either O2 or CO2.

C2.3.2. Incinerators. All installations with operating Incinerators of any kind must contact the Turkish Installation Commander to determine licensing requirements. If a license is received, the installation shall adhere to the conditions of the license. However, if the license conditions require a less protective standard than the emission standards prescribed in this section, then these FGS shall be the compliance criteria. The following requirements do not apply to Incinerators combusting hazardous waste or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6, “Hazardous Waste,” for information regarding hazardous waste disposal and incineration.

C2.3.2.1. All Incinerators shall achieve a temperature in the primary chamber of at least 850°C (1,560°F) for a residence time of 2 seconds or more. If wastes containing > 1% halogenated substances are to be incinerated, the minimum temperature must be raised to 1,100°C (2,000°F).

2-5 September 2016

C2.3.2.2. All Incinerators shall meet the air emission standards found in Tables C2.T2-a and C2.T2-b (existing units) or C2.T2-c (new units).

C2.3.2.3. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerators (CISWI). All CISWI units must comply with the applicable emission standards in Tables C2.T2-a and C2.T2-b (existing units) or Table C2.T2-c (new units).

C2.3.2.4. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Each MWC unit must comply with the applicable emission standards in Tables C2.T2-a and C2.T2-b (existing units) or Table C2.T2-c (new units).

C2.3.2.5. Sewage Sludge Incinerators. All sewage sludge incinerators that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994 and that burn more than 1 ton per day (tpd) of sewage sludge or more than 10% sewage sludge, must also be designed to meet a particulate emission limit of 0.65 g/kg dry sludge (1.30 lb/ton dry sludge) and an opacity limit of 20% at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.2.6. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The following standards apply to all units.

These requirements do not apply to any portable units (field deployable), pyrolysis units, or units that burn only pathological, low-level radioactive waste, or chemotherapeutic waste. Refer to Chapter 8, “Medical Waste Management,” for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.6.1. All MWI must be designed and operated according to the following good combustion practices (GCP):

C2.3.2.6.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber.

C2.3.2.6.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 850-871°C (1400- 1600°F).

C2.3.2.6.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 982-1205°C (1800- 2200°F).

C2.3.2.6.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds.

C2.3.2.6.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable Service requirements.

C2.3.2.7. All water used to clean incinerator flue gas shall discharge to a wastewater treatment system meeting the criteria found in Chapter 4, “Wastewater.”

C2.3.3. Perchloroethylene (PCE, CAS#127-18-4) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to all PCE dry cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

2-6 September 2016

C2.3.3.1. Emissions from PCE dry cleaning machines installed before 1 October 1994 that use more than 9,460 liters (2000 US gallons) per year of PCE (installation wide) in dry cleaning operations, must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, unless a carbon absorber was already installed. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 7°C (45°F) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.2. All PCE dry cleaning systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 must be of the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at 7°C (45°F) or less. Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4. Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Tanks. Electroplating and anodizing tanks must comply with one of the 3 methods below for controlling chromium emissions. Implement one of the following methods that is most appropriate to suit local conditions:

C2.3.4.1. Option 1: Limit chromium emissions in the ventilation exhaust to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard meter³ (mg/dscm). Control devices/methods must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.2. Option 2: Use chemical tank additives to prevent surface tension of the electroplating or anodizing bath from exceeding 45 dynes per centimeter (cm) as measured by a stalagmometer or 35 dynes/cm as measured by a tensiometer. Measure the surface tension prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.4.3. Option 3: Limit chromium emissions to the maximum allowable mass emission rate (MAMER) calculated using the following equation: MAMER = ETSA x K x 0.015 mg/dscm, where: MAMER = the alternative emission rate for enclosed hard chromium electroplating tanks in mg/hr; ETSA = the hard chromium electroplating tank surface area in square feet (ft2); K = a conversion factor, 425 dscm/(ft2-hr). Option 3 is ONLY applicable to hard chrome electroplating tanks equipped with an enclosing hood and ventilated at half the rate or less than that of an open surface tank of the same surface area.

C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. These requirements apply to all solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains more than 5% by weight: methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01- 6), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5), chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents.

C2.3.5.1. All cold cleaning machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally, immersion type cold cleaning machines must have either a 1-inch water layer or a freeboard ratio of at least 0.75.

C2.3.5.2. All vapor cleaning machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvent to the atmosphere.

2-7 September 2016

C2.3.6. Units Containing ODS Listed in Table C2.T3. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS, HFCs, and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) from refrigeration equipment and ODS from fire suppression equipment.

C2.3.6.1. Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling. All repairs, including leak repairs or services to appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners, must be performed using commercially available refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment operated by trained personnel. Refrigerant technicians shall be trained in proper recovery/recycling procedures, leak detection, safety, shipping, and disposal in accordance with recognized industry standards or Turkish equivalent.

C2.3.6.2. Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Any class I or class II ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerant shall not be intentionally released in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.6.3. Refrigerant Leak Monitoring and Repair. Monitor and repair refrigeration equipment for ODS leakage in accordance with the following criteria and repair, if found to be leaking.

C2.3.6.3.1. Commercial Refrigeration Equipment. Commercial refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 22.68 kg (50 pounds) of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.3.2. Industrial Process Refrigeration Equipment. Industrial process refrigeration equipment normally containing more than 22.68 kg (50 pounds) of refrigerant must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 35% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.3.3. Comfort Cooling Appliances. Comfort cooling appliances normally containing more than 22.68 kg (50 pounds) of refrigerant and not covered by subparagraphs C2.3.6.3.1 or C2.3.6.3.2 of this chapter must have leaks repaired if the appliance is leaking at a rate such that the loss of refrigerant will exceed 15% of the total charge during a 12-month period.

C2.3.6.3.4. All Fixed Equipment. Fixed equipment containing 3 kg (6.6 pounds) or more of refrigerant must be annually inspected by trained technicians as defined in subparagraph C2.3.6.1.

C2.3.6.4. ODS Fire Suppression Agent (Halon) Venting Prohibition. Uses of halon are prohibited completely as of January 1, 2016, with the exception of critical military uses as listed in Table C2.T4. Halons shall not be intentionally released into the environment while testing, maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of halon-containing equipment or using such equipment for technician training. This venting prohibition does NOT apply to the following halon releases:

2-8 September 2016

C2.3.6.5. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover halons (i.e., release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire extinguishing systems).

C2.3.6.6. Emergency releases for the legitimate purpose of fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the equipment or systems were designed.

C2.3.6.7. Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems if each of the following is true: systems or equipment employing suitable alternative fire extinguishing agents are not available; release of extinguishing agent is essential to demonstrate equipment functionality; failure of system or equipment would pose great risk to human safety or the environment; and a simulant agent cannot be used.

C2.3.7. Motor Vehicles. This criteria applies to DoD-owned motor vehicles as defined in paragraph C2.2.11.

C2.3.7.1. All vehicles shall be inspected every 2 years to ensure that no tampering with factory-installed emission control equipment has occurred.

C2.3.7.2. If available on the local economy, use only unleaded gasoline in vehicles that are designed for this fuel.

C2.3.8. Stack Heights. Hg is the good engineering practice stack height necessary to minimize downwash of stack emissions due to aerodynamic influences from nearby structures.

C2.3.8.1. Stacks shall be designed and constructed to heights at least equal to the largest Hg calculated from either of the following 2 criteria:

C2.3.8.1.1. Hg = H +1.5L, where H is the height of the nearby structure measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack, and L is the lesser of height or projected width of the nearby structure(s). A structure is determined to be nearby when the stack is located within 5L of the structure envelope but not > 0.8 km (0.5 mile). This calculation shall be performed for each structure nearby the stack being studied to determine the greatest Hg.

C2.3.8.1.2. Hg is the height demonstrated by a fluid model or a field study, which ensures that the emissions from a stack do not result in maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant as a result of atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures, or nearby terrain features at least 40% in excess of the maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant experienced in the absence of such atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects. For purposes of this paragraph, “nearby” means not > 0.8 km (0.5 mile), except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby which falls within a distance of up to 10 times the maximum height (Ht) of the feature, not to exceed 2 miles if such feature achieves a height (Ht) 0.8 km from the stack that is at least 40% of the good engineering practice stack height determined by the formulae provided in C2.3.8.1.1 of this part or 26 meters, whichever is greater, as measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.

2-9 September 2016

C2.3.9. Facilities Subject to Emission Permissions. All facilities engaged in operations that generate pollutants into the atmosphere must contact the Turkish Installation Commander to determine emission permission requirements. If an emission permission is received, the installation shall adhere to the conditions of the permission. However, if the permission conditions require a less protective standard than the emission standards prescribed, then the FGS shall be the compliance criteria. Facility operations that could be subject to emission permissions include:

C2.3.9.1. Thermal generating plants;

C2.3.9.2. Paint booths;

C2.3.9.3. Fuel storage, dispensing, and transfer operations (unloading and loading materials);

C2.3.9.4. Recycling or disposal of munitions or other explosives; and

C2.3.9.5. Engine and gas turbine test centers.

2-10 September 2016

Table C2.T1. Emission Standards for Steam Generating Unitsa

Maximum Design Heat Input Capacity

10 – 100 million BTU/hr Size > 100 million BTU/hr

Fuel Type PM Opacityb SO2 c PM Opacityb SO2 c NOX d

Gaseous N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.20

Gaseous - Coal Derived N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.50

Liquid Fossil Fuel N/A 20% 0.50e 0.10 20% 0.80 0.30

Solid Fossil Fuel 0.10 20% 1.20 0.10 20% 1.20 0.70

Other Solid Fuel f 0.30 20% N/A 0.20 20% N/A N/A

N/A = Not applicable.

a. Standards apply to units constructed or substantially modified after 1 October 1994. Standards do not apply during periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, soot blowing, or when emergency conditions exist. Unless specified otherwise, emission standards are in lb/million BTU.

b. The opacity standards do not apply to units < 30 million BTU/hr. The 20% standard applies to the average opacity over a 6-minute period. A 30% opacity value is allowed for one 6-minute period per hour.

c. SO2 is best controlled and compliance documented by limiting fuel sulfur content. SO2 emissions (lb/million BTU) = 0.02 X sulfur content of fuel (%) / heat content of fuel (HHV, million BTU/lb fuel).

[E.g., for fuel oil with 0.5% sulfur, SO2 = 0.02 X 0.5 / 0.019 = 0.53 lb/million BTU.]

d. Emission limitation for NOX is based on a 30-day rolling average. NOX standard does not apply when a fossil fuel containing at least 25% by weight of coal refuse is burned in combination with gaseous, liquid, or other solid fossil fuel.

e. Instead of 0.5 lb/ million BTU of SO2, fuel oil combustion units may comply with a 0.5% average fuel sulfur content limit (weight%) which is statistically equivalent to 0.5 lb/million BTU.

f. Other solid fuels include wood or waste derived fuels.

2-11 September 2016

Table C2.T2-a. Emission Limit Values for Existing Incinerators1

Pollutant Emission Standards2

Incinerator Type MWC units3 CISWI units

Rated Capacity 35-250 tpd > 250 tpd All units Particulate 70 mg/dscm 27 mg/dscm 70 mg/dscm Opacity 10% 10% NOx N/A See Note 4 388 ppmv SO2 50% reduction or 77 ppmv 75% reduction or 29 ppmv 20 ppmv Dioxins/furans 125 ng/dscm See Note 5 0.41 ng/dscm Cadmium 0.10 mg/dscm 0.040 mg/dscm 0.004 mg/dscm Lead 1.6 mg/dscm 0.44 mg/dscm 0.04 mg/dscm Mercury 85% reduction or 0.080 mg/dscm 0.47 mg/dscm HCl 50% reduction or 250 ppmv 95% reduction or 29 ppmv 62 ppmv

Fugitive ash 5% of hourly observation period N/A

Notes:

1 Emission limit values for existing Incinerators are based on the Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document published 1 May 2007 and subsequent approval of the Turkish Final Governing Standards on 11 May 2009.

2 Emission standard concentrations (mg/dscm, ppmv) are corrected to 7% oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. mg/dscm = milligram per dry standard meter³, ng = nanogram, ppm = parts per million.

3 Construction or modifications that were undertaken pursuant to existing (or previous) FGS are not subject to these requirements. These criteria are not intended to require retrofitting of MWC unit.

4 NOx limits for units rated > 250 tons/day (tpd) capacity; mass burn refractory-no limit; mass burn waterwall- 205 ppmv; mass burn rotary waterwall: 250 ppmv; refuse-derived fuel combustor-250 ppmv; fluidized bed combustor-180 ppmv.

5 Dioxins/furans limits for units rated > 250 tpd capacity: MWC with electrostatic precipitator (ESP)-60 ng/dscm;

MWC with non-ESP-30 ng/dscm.

2-12 September 2016

Table C2.T2-b. Carbon Monoxide Operating Limits for Existing Incinerators1, 2

Incinerator Type Existing MWC units3 CISWI units Rated Capacity 35-250 tpd > 250 tpd All units

Fluidized bed 100 ppmv (4-hr avg)

157 ppmv

Fluidized bed, mixed fuel (wood/refuse-derived fuel) 200 ppmv (24-hr avg) Mass burn rotary refractory 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) Mass burn rotary waterfall 250 ppmv (24-hr avg) Mass burn waterfall and refractory 100 ppmv (4-hr avg) Mixed fuel-fired (pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel) 150 ppmv (4-hr avg) Modular starved-air and excess air 50 ppmv (4-hr avg) Spreader stoker, mixed fuel-fired (coal/refuse-derived fuel) 200 ppmv (24-hr avg) Stoker, refuse-derived fuel 200 ppmv (24-hr avg)

Notes:

1 Operating limits for existing Incinerators are based on the Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document published…