Attachment 3 - AETC First 400 Feet with Luke Supplemental Updated 5 May 2015.pdf

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

i

Headquarters Air Education and Training Command Directorate of Communications

61 Main Circle, Suite 2 Randolph AFB TX 78150-4545

AETC

FIRST 400 FEET STANDARD GUIDANCE

AT

ALL AETC BASES

PREPARED BY

HQ AETC/A6X

10 Mar 2006 Approved By: Colonel Michael L. German

56th Communications Squadron

13960 West Eagle Street Luke AFB, AZ 85309

FIRST 400 FEET STANDARD GUIDANCE

Luke AFB Supplement (Update 1 - Sep 08) (Update 2 - Apr 09) (Update 3 – Mar 10)

(Update 4 – 5 May 15)

PREPARED BY

56 CS/SCXPV

ii

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The purpose of this policy is to provide minimum requirements for intra-building telecommunications wiring in support of Command, Control, Communications, Computer, and Intelligence (C4I) Systems requirements. This intra-building wiring is referred to as First 400 feet and includes the internal building media for distributing voice, video and data to include all equipment from the primary telecommunications closet/first patch panel to the end user hardware and software. The First 400 feet requirements may include but are not limited to necessary wiring and equipment supporting the following: local area networks, administrative and non-administrative telephone systems (including Voice Over IP), video, teleconferencing, cable television (CATV), alarms (other than fire), and office automation systems, (e.g., desktop video teleconferencing and educational applications). All require higher performance/throughput, greater network predictability, higher network availability, and enhanced security than is currently available in the existing communications infrastructure.

Due to bandwidth restrictive wiring for facilities at all of our AETC bases, improvement to the First 400 feet (from the hub/switch to the patch panels to the wall plate) as well as elimination of the traditional shared-Ethernet hubs and replacement with switched Ethernet must take place.

Currently, the Information Transport System (ITS) component of Combat Information Transport System (CITS) provides only fiber to the majority of facilities on base and high-speed connectivity to the core buildings. However, the ITS does not incorporate upgrades within the buildings’ infrastructure. Many buildings on AF bases do not have the right cabling infrastructure to support high-speed access capability. In order to achieve our enterprise end state, these buildings need upgrading to Category (CAT) 6 cabling as well as replacing the traditionally shared Ethernet hubs with switched Ethernet. To date, the First 400 feet and switched upgrade has been accomplished in ad-hoc fashion using wing O&M funds or fall out dollars. The publication of this document does NOT establish a program with central funding to execute structured CAT 6 wiring for the First 400 feet and provide users with switched Ethernet capability across the command, however, should funding become available this document will have the technical guidelines for how to proceed.

The standardized building wiring system should accommodate present communications requirements, support future expansion requirements, and minimize or eliminate building defacement due to future distribution system expansion or retrofit. These factors make the choice and layout of horizontal cable types very important to the design of the building cabling.

In addition to satisfying today's telecommunications requirements, the horizontal cabling should facilitate ongoing maintenance and relocation. It should also accommodate future equipment and service changes.

Careful consideration was given to multimode fiber for horizontal wiring; however, based on the current cost of electronics it was deemed cost prohibitive to recommend multimode fiber optic cable for horizontal building interconnects in the near term. Furthermore, new standards for iv properly installed copper cable systems support Gigabit Ethernet Standards. However, when facilities have multiple telecommunications rooms (TRs) the backbone data uplinks shall be multimode fiber.

The information presented within this document is a compilation of data from USAF guidance, commercial standards (ANSI/TIA/EIA and others), and actual experience of USAF engineers working with bases and design agencies in planning and designing C4I requirements. The intent of this document is to primarily follow the standards and installation practices from ANSI/TIA/EIA, BICSI and the National Electric Code. Where instances occur that this document exceeds the standards presented in EIA/TIA, BICSI or the NEC this document should be followed.

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. iii

1 OVERVIEW

1.1 Scope

1.2 Purpose

1.3 First Four Hundred Feet Definition

1.4 Background

1.5 Document Technical Summary

2 FIRST FOUR HUNDRED FEET INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

2.1 Cabling Infrastructure Designation

2.2 Networking Equipment Designation

2.3 Processing Equipment Designation

3 STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

3.1 Cabling Infrastructure Designation

3.1.1 Copper Cabling

3.1.2 Fiber Optic Cabling

4 COMMUNICATIONS ROOMS

4.1 Equipment Room

4.1.1 Building Entrance Facilities

4.1.2 Equipmnt Room Standard

4.2 Telecommunications Room

4.2.1 Telecommunications Room Standard

4.2.1.1 Multi-Story Buildings

4.3 Design Requirements

5 BACKBONE CABLING

5.1 Definition

5.2 Standard for Data

5.3 Standard for Voice

5.4 Backbone Pathways

6 HORIZONTAL CABLING

6.1 Horizontal Cabling

6.1.1 Abandoned Telecommunications Cables

6.2 Recommended Media

6.3 Fiber to the Desktop

6.4 Communication Outlets (CO)

6.4.1 Communication Outlet Port Density

6.4.2 Work Area CO Saturation

6.4.2.1 Outlet Density for Other Services

6.4.3 Outlet Box

vi

6.4.4 Outlet Faceplate

6.4.5 Maintenance Loops

6.4.6 Outlet Connectors

6.4.6.1 Copper Connectors

6.4.6.2 Fiber Optic Connectors

6.5 Cable Types and Specifications

6.5.1 Twisted Pair

6.5.1.1 Twisted Pair Performance

6.5.2 Optical Fiber

6.5.2.1 Multimode Optical Fiber Performance

6.5.3 Patch Cords

6.5.4 Horizontal Pathways

6.5.4.1 Ceiling Distribution System

6.5.4.1.1 Cable Ladder

6.5.4.1.2 Rings and Hooks

6.5.4.2 Under Floor Distribution Systems

7 INSTALLATION STANDARDS

7.1 Color Codes

7.1.1 Mixed Classification Environments

7.2 Infrastructure Installation

7.2.1 Install Backbone (Riser) Subsystem

7.2.2 Install Horizontal (Drops) Subsystem

7.2.2.1 Installation Procedures

7.2.2.1.1 ER/TR Terminations

7.2.2.1.2 Untwisted Pairs

7.2.2.1.3 Equipment Racks Cabinets

7.2.2.1.4 Wall Mounted Enclosures

7.2.2.1.5 Wire Management Panels

7.2.2.1.6 Category 6 Modular Patch Panels

7.2.2.1.7 Category 6 Patch Cord (Patch Panels)

7.2.2.1.8 D-Rings

7.2.2.1.9 Cable Support

7.2.2.1.10 Cable Bends and Pulling Tensions

7.2.2.1.11 Separation from Sources of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

7.2.2.1.12 Routing

7.2.2.1.13 Grounding and Bonding

7.2.2.1.14 Cores and Sleeves

7.2.2.1.15 Fire Stopping

7.2.2.1.16 Horizontal Outlets

7.3 Telecommunications Distribution System

7.4 Modular Furniture

vii

8 ADMINISTRATION DOCUMENTATION

8.1 Approach

8.1.1 Considerations

8.1.2 Labeling

8.1.2.1 Cable Identification

8.1.2.2 Communication Outlets

8.1.2.3 Racks/Cabinet, Panels, Blocks

8.1.2.4 Network Equipment

8.1.3 Building Cable Record Database

8.1.4 Building Drawings

9 TESTING

10 CABLE TV

10.1.1 Coaxial Cable

10.2 CATV

11 Installation Warning System–Internal Public Announcement System

APPENDIX A

Applicable Standards/References

1 Government

1.1 FIPS Pubs 140-2, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Commercial Technical and Design Standards

2 Industry

2.1 TIA/EIA-526-7

2.2 TIA/EIA-526-14

2.3 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1

2.3.1 Supporting References ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1

2.3.1.1 ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-B and Addendums A 1-7

2.3.1.2 ANSI/TIA/EIA-570 and Addendums A 1-3

2.3.1.3 ANSI/TIA/EIA-606

2.3.1.4 ANSI/TIA/EIA-607

2.3.1.5 ANSI/TIA/EIA-758

2.3.1.6 ASTM D 4566-05

2.4 ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.2

2.5 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1

2.5.1 Supporting References ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2

2.5.1.1 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-1

2.5.1.2 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B

2.6 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3

2.7 ANSI/TIA/EIA 569-B

2.8 BICSI

viii

2.9 National Electric Code 2002 – NFPA70

2.10 Luke AFB Additional References

APPENDIX B

Definitions and Acronyms

1 Definitions

2 Acronyms

APPENDIX C

Labeling and Numbering Schemes of Telecommunications Components

1 Purpose

2 Telecommunication Cables

2.1 Optical Fiber Cable Tagging

2.2 UTP Cable Tagging

3 Communication Outlets

3.1 Four Position UTP Wall Plate

3.2 Five Position UTP and Fiber Wall Plate

3.3 Six Position UTP and Fiber-Optic Wall Plate

3.4 Four Position Fiber-Optic Wall Plate

3.5 Ten Position UTP and Fiber-Optic Wall Plate

4 UTP/Fiber Patch Panels

4.1 UTP Patch Panel Markings and Numbering

4.2 Fiber Optic Cable Patch Panel Markings and Numbering

5 Network Equipment

Appendix D

Drawing Records

1 Drawings

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 ANSI/TIA/EIA Guidance 6 Subsystems Figure 2 Distribution System, Duct/Cellular Floor Figure 3 Physical Topology of Structured Cabling System Figure 4 Maximum Distances for Horizontal Cabling Figure 5 Voice and Data Terminate to Patch Panels Figure 6 Cable Tag Format Figure 7 Four-Position Wall Plate Numbering Scheme Figure 8 Four-Position Wall Plate Numbering Scheme (no TR room number) ix

Figure 9 Five-Position Wall Plate Numbering Scheme Figure 10 Six-Position Wall Plate Numbering Scheme Figure 11 Four-Position Fiber-Optic Wall Plate Numbering Scheme Figure 12 Ten-Position Fiber-Optic Wall Plate Numbering Scheme Figure 13 Example Patch Panel Numbering Scheme

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Typical Spaces and Quad Outlets Table 2 Multimode Fiber Specification Table 3 Coaxial Cable Distance Limits

1 OVERVIEW

1.1 Scope

This document details the AETC standard for planning, engineering, and installing premise wiring infrastructure for the First 400 Hundred Feet. This document was purposely written to be directive in nature. Statements using words such as ‘shall’ and ‘must’ are required items by all organizations.

The Air Force has a broad spectrum of information technology devices that require connectivity via a common communications infrastructure. A generic-wiring scheme for all facilities is critical to support a mixed environment of equipment, services, and classification levels. Industry-recognized, standards-based installation and management results in uniform wiring across locations, improved management of building space resources and reduced costs for wiring installation, support, and management. A common wiring system also improves network management, trouble-shooting, and isolation of data transmission problems. Careful and proper application of standards can also produce a predictably long-lived cabling system.

Specifications are intended for telecommunications installations in the typical office configuration.

Any deviation from the requirements in this document must have prior written authorization from AETC if the standard is less than what is documented in this document.

The information in this document applies to AFI 32-1021, Planning and Programming for MILCON projects, and to AFI 32-1023, Design and Construction Standards and Execution of Facility Construction Projects Designing and Constructing Military Construction Projects, or when the need arises for new voice, video and data cabling. This document is not intended to justify wholesale replacement and upgrade of existing premise wiring, facility backbone uplinks, or voice-video-data electronics. However, when the requirement arises for existing facilities to be upgraded that are not in compliance with this guidance the Systems Telecommunication Engineering Manager Base level (STEM-B) Cyberspace System Integrator – Base (CSI-B) is responsible for establishing a technical solution and costing for out year planning to bring the facilities into compliance. Blueprint Implementation Plan (BIP) Elements should be entered in the C4ISR Infrastructure Planning System (CIPS) Base blueprints IAW defined AETC BIP Element templates. The STEM-B CSI-B and base SCX shall assess the current infrastructure and identify this assessment within the CIPS.

This document follows the guidelines of ANSI/TIA/EIA standards; ANSI/TIA/EIA-568, Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Wiring and ANSI/TIA/EIA-569, Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces, ANSI/TIA/EIA- 606A, Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure, ANSI/TIA/EIA-607, Commercial Building Grounding (Earthing) and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications. In addition to these standards, the BICSI-TDM manual is recommended to enhance the understanding of pre-wire design methods and concepts and the 2003 - National Electric Code (NEC)(NFPA-70).

When completing SIPRNet technical solutions, the user’s work area (office) should be surveyed to determine if a network drop exists to service the SIPRNet terminal. If a port is available on an existing network jack, this jack may be used to service the cypher text (black side) of the TACLANE encryption device. The category of facility and user’s needs (i.e., 24-hour a day controlled area and number of SIPRNet workstations required) may dictate a different premise wiring scheme to provide the necessary LAN drop configuration. The wing IA office should be an integral part of the survey and development of the premise wiring configurations. Refer to Emission Security Information Message (ESIM) 03-11 and AFMAN 33-214 for further reference.

1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this document is to define standards and architecture for the first 400 feet. To provide guidance in performing assessments, developing requirements, technical solutions, and costs for a voice and data telecommunications cabling system that will support a multi-product, multi-vendor environment.

This document shall be used by all AETC Bases to plan, design, review, and evaluate telecommunications cabling and distribution systems. Air Force Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 02-12, requires pre-wiring in all new facility construction, additions, and renovation projects.

(Luke Supplement Begins) This supplement further identifies Luke specific wiring requirements as defined by the wing CSO.

It provides an overview of key telecommunication areas to be addressed and must be used for planning telecommunications cabling, distribution systems, and manhole/ducting to support Military Construction Projects and O&M construction/renovation efforts on Luke AFB. This standard is not intended to replace referenced industry standards; it will be used to further define approved industry standards for Luke AFB. Where there are conflicts between this document and referenced industry standards it is up to the installer to request in writing clarification from 56 CS.

Upon project inception, 56 CES/CEC, 56 CS/SCX, and the customer will address the following areas for inclusion into the design package/work order:

Local minimum communications standards.

Building communications and distribution system.

Switch and Patch panel requirements

Telephone/LAN entrance cables.

Communications equipment rooms/closets.

Telecommunications cabling and termination (NIPRNET and SIPRNET)

Telecommunications outlets.

Testing requirements.

Manhole/ducting.

56 CS/SCX will assist with preparation of the DD form 1391, Military Project Construction Data, by providing 56 CES/CEC with the cost estimate for telecommunications. Additionally, 56 CS/SCX will perform the necessary design reviews as applicable throughout the design phase to ensure all applicable aspects of telecommunications have been addressed.

Personnel involved in design and installation of telecommunications wiring shall have expertise in engineering and installation of telecommunications, cabling, and distribution systems. If requested by the wing CSO, contract personnel shall provide adequate credentials as proof of their individual skill by demonstrating their technical expertise and methods of testing and documentation.

As stated in ETL 02-12, “pre-wiring shall be included in all military facility construction projects accomplished with 3400 series funding.” 56 CS/SCX will provide cost estimates for inclusion into the DD Form 1391. The customer will fund all telecommunication equipment/materiel not funded with 3400 series funding.

(Luke Supplement End)

1.3 First Four Hundred Feet Definition

The first four hundred feet is defined as the internal building media for distributing voice, video, and data to include all equipment from the facility equipment room to the end user hardware and software.

1.4 Background

New requirements for telecommunications have proliferated rapidly over the past decade.

Wiring and building designers are being challenged to better accommodate cable, telecommunications, and electronic systems in a rapidly changing technological environment. In the past, voice systems have had a large influence on building design but today telecommunications systems include voice, data, video, audio, security, and environmental control - all of which are needed in order to transport information throughout modern buildings.

Users are becoming painfully aware that they can no longer use the old voice methodologies because telecommunications and buildings are highly synergistic. Today, facilities and wiring systems must be planned in an integrated manner. The following compilation of telecommunications distribution standards provides state-of-the-art guidelines for effective and adaptable installations.

Proper adherence to these guidelines will reduce long-term building operation costs by providing a better infrastructure that is adaptable to change. The following telecommunications building design standards are intended for building wiring planners, designers and installers as well as architects, engineers, and vendors.

1.5 Document Technical Summary

The following is a summary of the policies established in this document for new construction, Military Construction Projects (MCP), and Restoration and Modernization, as defined in AFI 32-1021 and AFI 32-1023.

• All new premise wiring shall be Category 6 (Cat 6) to support Minimum 100/1000 Mbps to the desktop.

• (Luke Supplement Begins)

• All cable used for telecommunications outlets shall be four pair, #24 AWG, solid copper conductor, CAT 6 plenum rated, UL tested and certified. All CAT-6 terminations are to be 568-B. Each cable shall be dedicated to only one device per outlet.

• (Luke Supplement Ends)

• Plenum rated cable should be used if the cabling is run through a plenum. A plenum is defined as the air return path of a central air handling system, either ductwork or open space over a suspended ceiling. This would also include the area under a raised floor if that area was used for fresh air supply or fresh air return. If unsure if an area is a plenum or not, have the Bio-environmental or base Fire Marshall make a determination.

• All Communications Outlets shall be quad outlets.

• A quad telecommunications outlet or equivalent is required for every 15 linear feet

(4.6 meters) of wall space in office areas or 2000 square feet (186 sq meters) for warehouses or hangars.

• When facilities have multiple telecommunications rooms (TR) the backbone cabling shall be multimode fiber. Should the situation arise where a TR requires redundant links to another facility a hybrid single mode and multimode fiber optic cable may be installed.

o Backbone cable plant shall consist of 62.5/125 or 50/125 12 strands, minimum, multimode graded-index fiber optic cables.

o (Luke Supplement Begins) o Luke requires all

• Minimum of one outlet per quad shall be designated for a voice circuit.

• Voice outlets shall be terminated to Cat 6 patch panels and collocated with their respective data ports.

• Cost of mandatory uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for all telecommunications closets to provide emergency power for communications equipment for a minimum of 60 minutes must be included in the technical solutions for new facilities, renovations or any new 1st 400 feet project.

• (Luke Supplement Begins)

• For Base Fiber Optic Outside Plant Backbone Connections (ITN to ITN):

Switched/Gigabit Ethernet Connections 48-strand SM FOC 8.3/125 micron will be used.

• For Base Fiber Optic Outside Plant Edge Buildings Switched Ethernet Connections, 12-strand SM FOC 8.3/125 micron will typically be used. Strand count subject to increase depending on facility requirements.

• All copper Outside Plant cable conductors shall be #26 AWG in cable sizes above 2100 Pair. All Outside Plant cable will be filled core type, and meet RUS PE-39 or PE-89 specifications. All copper conductors for cables less than 2100 pair shall not be less than #24 AWG.

• (Luke Supplement Ends)

• Patch cords and cross connect jumpers shall be rated at same performance category as the cabling it connects.

• All new fiber optic patch panels shall be the base standard as defined by the local communications squadron (SC, ST, or sub-miniature type connectors) and mounted in cabinets with 19 inch racking.

• Voice Backbone Cabling shall be Cat 6 multi-pair backbone cable.

• Equipment racks cabinets shall be equipped with wire management panels.

• Multi-story buildings shall include a minimum of one TR room per floor. Horizontal cabling shall terminate on respective floor TR patch panels in multi-story facilities, e.g. second floor outlets terminate in second floor TR.

• Label all telecommunication infrastructure and equipment components IAW Labeling Scheme, Appendix C.

• TR designed to ANSI/TIA/EIA 569A for new construction, modified to conform as closely as possible to ANSI/TIA/EIA 569A for facility Restoration and Modernization.

• Cost to remove all abandoned telecommunications cables, voice and data, shall be included in all technical solutions for new cable installations. Reference NEC sections 800.2, 800.52 (B), 800.53 (A), and 800.53 (B)(1).

• Minimum requirements are identified to populate cable records database.

• Drawing package shall be included to accurately depict network configuration and cable plant, reference Appendix E, Drawings.

• Network Hardware installations should support at a minimum 100 Mbps to the desktop and should be SNMP version 2 or higher and IPv6 compliant.

(Luke Supplement Begins) All cable will be installed from facility to the nearest tie-in point-of-presence for telephone (usually a manhole) and LAN connectivity (nearest ITN). Cable will be sized with sufficient vacant pairs to provide each facility with currently required circuits plus 50 percent spare pairs for future growth. Copper cable will be curled in a 20-foot length and left in the manhole. Any/all splicing into the base’s infrastructure will be performed by the Luke BTS contractor as managed by 56 CS/SCX. Fiber optic cable will be terminated with SC connectors on both ends and installed on the back side of duplex bulkheads in a fiber optic distribution panel.

• Administrative telephone wiring will be based on the single-line instrument concept with individual cable running from the wall outlet to the CER or TC via the cross connect cabinet, if required, and terminate on a patch panel or 66 block as determined by Base Comm. Cat-6 wiring will be terminated onto a rack mounted patch panel located inside the a lockable cabinet. A rack mounted 110-type punch down block will be installed above or below the patch panel in the cabinet. The 110-type punch down block will provide an interface from the cable head to the patch panel. The 110-type block needs to be tied into a 66-type block that is located outside the cabinet near the cable head. Utilize standard 25-pair cables to connect between the 110 block(s) and the 66 block(s). The number of blocks needed are determined by quantity of phone lines plus 50% spares.

• When cable runs are being installed maintenance loops will be installed at both ends to accommodate future cabling system changes. The minimum length requirements are:

o UTP At the TC or CER: 10 ft

At the user outlet: 1 ft o Fiber

At the TC or CER: 10 ft

At the user outler: 3.3 ft

• Inspection: During construction/installation (i.e., trenching, boring, MH/HH, etc), in-progress inspections by 56 CS/SCX are required. For example, trenches will not be covered without an in-progress inspection to verify conduit size and quantity, cable type, earth cover compliance with installation requirements and accuracy of “red line” base cable record or contract drawings. The installation activity/contractor is solely responsible for requesting in progress inspections before backfill, installation of sheetrock, during cable certifications, etc. A final inspection of all communication installations is required before facility turn-over or acceptance. Deviations from this will affect future communication support requirements.

• Classified Systems (SIPRNet): Classified requirements may vary and will be taken on a case-by-case basis. Customer units must identify classified LAN and telephone requirements to 56 CS/SCX during preliminary design planning. Due to the specific nature of security and COMSEC requirements for these systems, it is difficult to address these requirements in generalized terms.

(Luke Supplement Ends)

2 FIRST FOUR HUNDRED FEET INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS

The three primary First Four Hundred Feet components are the cabling infrastructure, electronic network equipment, and processing equipment.

2.1 Cabling Infrastructure Designation

Cabling infrastructure generally includes copper and fiber optic cabling within and into AF facilities. Cabling within the facilities may be separated into two types, backbone (also called vertical or riser) and horizontal. Backbone cabling is the distribution from central wiring locations to the Telecommunications Rooms (TRs), while horizontal cabling runs from the TRs to the work areas.

2.2 Networking Equipment Designation

Networking equipment includes routers, shared Ethernet hubs, repeaters, switches, and other electronics equipment not directly associated with a single AF system. Some facilities still have a combination of routers, shared media hubs and older low end switches in place, which supports Ethernet connectivity from various manufacturers. All networking hardware installations must support at a minimum switched 100 Mbps to the desktop with consideration of switched 100/1000 Mbps for high-end bandwidth requirements for servers and applications.

Only network equipment that is SNMP version 2 or higher as well as IPv6 compliant should be considered for re-usage or new procurement.

2.3 Processing Equipment Designation

Processing equipment is both AF system-specific and general supplied administrative equipment. Administrative equipment includes personal computers (PCs), servers and printers.

Based upon the organizational user located at the site, administrative equipment and PCs associated with specific AF systems will constitute the majority of the processing equipment attached to a facility network. In other words, as networks are activated, a majority of the processors active on the networks will be PCs, either associated with an AF system or used for administration. While this document includes no specific processor or Network Interface Card (NIC) recommendations, the processors are a key part of the overall capability required from the network. The processor data throughput necessary to meet user requirements is the driving force behind the need for faster networking equipment and better transmission media.

3 STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

The ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 standard dissects the cabling system into six distinct subsystems:

Figure 1 ANSI/TIA/EIA Guidance 6 Subsystems

1. Entrance Facilities

2. Equipment Rooms

3. Backbone Cabling

4. TRs

5. Horizontal Cabling

6. Work Area

3.1 Cabling Infrastructure Designation

3.1.1 Copper Cabling

Air Force facilities still exist that have a mix of 10BaseT (UTP) copper cabling (level 3/4/5) for their networks. ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2 and Addendum 1 is the only recognized cable standard for any new or replacement communication wiring. Therefore, this document only focuses on Cat 6 copper cabling.

Voice cabling is commonly found with a large number of multiple pairs, from 25, 50, or even into the 100’s of pairs. Large cable pairings, typically over 25-pair, are used for main distribution, backbone applications, while smaller pairs are used for horizontal distribution runs.

In contrast, data-rated cable is a higher grade and cost of cable. Data-rated cables now come in multiple categories. The only recognized categories designated in ANSI/TIA/EIA Standard 568-B.2, Section 4 are Category 3, Category 5e and Category 6. The cable categories indicate the amount of allowable attenuation over a specified frequency spectrum, with a smaller usable frequency spectrum available for the lower numbered category cables. Based upon the higher rating of the cable, there is more bandwidth potential available from the cable. Currently, Category 3 cable is rated up to 16 megabits per second (Mbps)/ 16 MHz, Category 5e up to 1000 Mbps/100 MHz and Category 6 1000Mbps up to 250MHz. Category 1, 2, 4, and 5 cables are not recognized as part of the referenced standard. Category 5 transmission characteristics, used in “legacy” cabling installations, are provided for reference in annex N of the EIA/TIA Standard. Within each category, multiple pairings of the conductors are provided, depending on the specific cable vendor.

3.1.2 Fiber Optic Cabling

Two types of fiber optic cable exist, multimode and single mode. Mode refers to the path the light takes to travel down the fiber. Multimode has multiple propagation paths, while single mode only has one propagation path. Fiber optic cable has a core, cladding, and buffer, with the fiber optic core being either multimode or single mode. The size of the fiber optic cable is annotated as core/cladding/buffer (sometimes just provided as core/cladding) because each mode of cable has multiple sizes associated with it. For example, multimode fiber optic cable has core sizes of 50 and 62.5 microns; cladding sizes of 125 microns; and buffer sizes of 250 and 900 microns available. Additionally, multimode cable can be purchased as either step-index or graded-index, with graded-index fibers providing longer distance and higher bandwidth capability than step-index fibers. It is also recommended that laser-optimized multimode fiber be purchased when high bandwidth requirements are expected in the future.

Multimode fiber optic cable is normally used for distribution within a building or in a campus environment where the distances are limited to within approximately two kilometers ([km] -i.e.,

1.2 miles). Single mode fiber provides the best possible distance and bandwidth capability, and is used for either longer distances or high bandwidth applications that are beyond the range of multimode fiber. Consequently, the electronics equipment attached to single mode fiber is typically more expensive than multimode fiber optic equipment.

4 COMMUNICATIONS ROOMS

4.1 Equipment Room

Equipment Rooms (ERs) are defined in TIA/EIA-568-B.1, Chapter 8. The primary ER for the typical facility is the service entrance for the building's distribution and communications systems.

It is the primary location for C4I switching and transmission equipment, main distribution frame(s), and other equipment needed for termination of the building’s interior wiring systems and to interface them with the exterior (outside plant) cable system. The ER also provides the primary distribution point for communications cables and wiring within the building and associated cross-connect cable/wiring. The location of the ER should ensure the horizontal cable distance to a user outlet is no more than 90 meters (295 ft) per ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1, paragraph 4.3 Horizontal Distances.

(Luke Supplement Begins) The Communications Equipment Room (CER) will be located on the first floor along an exterior wall where possible. As a minimum, the CER should have ¾” plywood backboards on at least two walls, from no greater than 1’ above the finished floor level to no less than 7’ above the finished floor level. The size of the CER will not be less than the following specification:

Table 1 Building Usable Area (Square Feet) CER Size

(Square Feet) Number of 4 inch Entrance Conduits

<20,000 400 3 20,000 to 100,000 500 4 100,000 to 200,000 900 5 Every additional 200,000 600+ +1

NOTE: No less than a 2:1 ratio in length to width.

Adequate installation and maintenance space (See Table 1), environmental control and power, typical to an office environment (heated and cooled), shall be included to support this equipment and any necessary cable entry requirements. No other building support equipment, including mechanical equipment, plumbing equipment and electrical panels, will be placed in the CER.

Maintenance space and access space will not be utilized for any other purpose and will be free and clear of all obstructions to a height of 8’ to allow for adequate cooling and servicing of equipment. Storage is prohibited in the CER and TC.

The TCs will be provided with space as required for CER rooms and will be so located that the distance, measured along the routing path of the cable will not exceed 295’, including vertical distances to wall telecommunications outlets, to maintain the integrity of the digital data signal as stipulated by CAT 6 wiring requirements. Where multiple TER rooms are required, attention must be given to their strategic placement to support interconnection via 4” conduits or 6” wide by 2” deep (minimum) cable trays between each room as well as to the primary CER in which the cable head/fiber connections are to be located. Where it is necessary to interconnect more than one remote TC/CER to the primary CER, Plenum rated #24 AWG copper wire cable between the TC and the CER will be used for voice services. Cable will be sized to meet user’s voice requirements plus 50% spares for future growth.

Circuit connectivity from the telecommunications outlet jacks to the TC or the CER will be provided through ¾” (min) conduit stubbed to 12” above the finished ceiling, using the most direct route available, complete with pull cords. A 6” wide by 2” deep (minimum) cable trays between each room as well as the primary CER in which the cable head/fiber connections are to be located. Where it is necessary to interconnect more than one remote TC to the primary CER for network connectivity (distance limitations/between floors), MM fiber optical cable will be used. A 1” plenum innerduct will be provided inside the 4” conduit or conduit raceway, with pull cord as a dedicated, direct path between each TC and the primary CER. For telephone interconnection, provide not less than #24 AWG copper wire cable between the TC and the CER. Copper cable will be sized to meet user’s voice requirements plus 50% spares for future growth.

All CER’s/TC’s will have cable supports (cable ladders/racks/trays) for all cables that enter the room from the wall to the rack(s)/cabinet(s). Outlet cables shall enter the CER/TC from the wall.

The supports are used to relieve cable tension as they enter the room to be terminated on contractor provided rack mounted patch panels that are installed in cabinets/racks. All cables/patch panels mounted in the rack(s)/cabinet(s) will be supported by the cable supports.

Type 630B wall jacks will be provided for wall-mounted telephones in the CER, electrical/mechanical rooms and communications closets mounted 60” above the finished floor.

Secured interior and exterior access to CER workspace should be provided to allow 24-hour access. Locking door knobs shall be utilized with key ways and locks keyed alike to match the 56 CS master key. Only building custodians and personnel with written authorization from the BCSO may possess communications room keys.

Environmentally controlled temperatures will be provided in the CER and TC areas, equal to that maintained throughout the building with a constant temperature of not less than 68 degrees (F) or greater than 78 degrees (F).

Four-gang 120 VAC power outlets on a separate 20 amp circuit with isolated ground will be provided on each wall as well as in or above each rack/cabinet for use in powering telecommunications devices. An additional duplex convenience outlet will be located away from the telecommunications outlets to provide power to operate service and maintenance equipment.

Switched lighting will be provided in all CER areas, adequate to promote work with small fiber items and miniature letting devices.

Ground all devices, cable sheaths, protectors and other equipment in accordance with T.O. 31-W- 3-10-22, ANSI/EIA/TIA 607, MIL STD 188-124B, and the NFPA 70. Provide a single-point ground for all communications/electronic equipment for the building within the CER. Provide a TMGB a minimum of 6” high by 24” long installed 7’ above the floor along a wall. The ground riser from the ground plate to the single main electrical service entrance ground must be a #1 AWG or larger copper conductor directly connected to the ground plate with no taps. The resistance of the ground riser must be 5 ohms or less measured from the main building ground point. All connections of wire-to-wire and/or wire-to-ground rod must be exothermic-welded.

Extend #6 AWG or larger copper ground wires from the CER ground plate to each TC within the building and connect a TGB in the TC. Bond each TMGB and TGB to non-current-carrying metal building parts, such as metal framing, in the CER and TC as required by the NEC. All bonds for ground conductors will have a resistance of less than 1 milliohm. A copy of facility ground resistance and bonding results will be provided for building grounding system historical records.

Telecommunications Closet (TC).

TCs will only be provided as required to serve approximately every 10,000 Sq. ft per floor of usable floor space when CERs cannot provide adequate cable coverage. The closets will serve as a secondary interconnection point between the telephone/LAN modular jack outlets and the main communications frame in the CER. Wall and floor space will be provided for installation and maintenance of equipment such as frames or backboards. Such equipment will be concealed and secured as required for primary CERs and will not be installed in common use areas and must be fully accessible and maintainable as outlined for CER room equipment.

All cable in the TC will be tagged according to room and jack number to indicate its associated jack number and location. Cross-connect closets will not be used for LAN wiring. All LAN runs must be continuous from wall outlet to contractor provided rack mount patch panels in the TC or CER inside the comm cabinet/rack. Installation of plugs and plugging house cable into active electronic equipment is strictly prohibited.

Lockable floor mounted equipment racks cabinets shall be bolted securely to the floor using four

(4) fasteners appropriate for use in concrete. Lockable equipment rack cabinets shall be positioned and installed to allow a minimum clearance of 36 inches in the front and back and a 30 inch clearance on the sides. In a narrow or crowded communication closets, equipment racks may be mounted adjacent to a wall on one side, front and back clearance shall remain 36 inches. Wall mounted lockable cabinets shall be secured using appropriate mounting hardware and methods suitable for anchoring cabinets to walls to support weight loads of installed hardware. Equipment racks Cabinets shall be equipped with wire management panels on top and bottom of each patch panel. Ground all racks and cabinets IAW NFPA 70 NEC, MIL-STD 188-124B and TIA/EIA- 607 requirements.

(Luke Supplement Ends)

4.1.1 Building Entrance Facilities

The building service entrance provides an entry point for outside plant cable(s) into the building.

This is typically located in the ER, however, the entrance facility could be in a Mechanical/Civil Engineering Equipment Room where outside plant fiber optic and copper cables are terminated, then cross connected to the ER. Outside plant cable shall not extend beyond 50 feet unless complying with National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) guidelines and restrictions, 2002 NEC, Section 800-50. Voltage Surge protection shall be IAW ETL 02-12 section 8.3.3.2.5

Secondary Telecommunications Room

TR

TR

TR

STR

TR

TR

TR

TR

TR

Equipment Room

ER

ER

Figure 2 Distribution System, Duct/Cellular Floor

Building Entrance Cable (Copper)

The contractor shall obtain written approval from the BCE for the specific location of entry points for cables or conduit/ducts into each facility. Unless specified otherwise by BCE, and pending approval by 56 CS/SCX, existing openings, which contain cable to be replaced, shall be used to the maximum extent possible. Prior to installing new cable in existing building entrances, the contractor shall ensure that there is adequate space to prevent damage to the new and existing cable. Conduit/ducts, openings, etc., containing power cables shall not be used. Where an outdoor conduit or cable enters a facility, the point of entry shall remain hidden below ground. However, if below ground entrances are not feasible, then written permission shall be obtain from BCE to use above ground entrances which shall be placed as close to the ground as possible.

All Building Entrance Terminals (BETs) will be provided with 3-pin element, plug in orange gas tube protective modules and will provide equal protection IAW RUS PE-80 specifications. The inside diameter of the entry conduit/duct shall not be less than 4 inches in diameter. The minimum bending radius for entry conduit/ducts shall be no less than 10 times the inside diameter of the conduit. Sleeves installed on an exterior wall shall be sloped downward so the outdoor opening is a minimum half-inch below the indoor opening. All openings through floors and through established fire walls shall be fire stopped IAW NFPA. Cables passing through walls shall either be in conduit or enclosed in a metal sleeve installed flush with the surface.

BETs used for the termination of outside TP cables, 300 pair or less in size, will have a built in splice chamber with 710 type splice modules. Equipment side (house) of the BET will use 25 pair Telco type connections to station equipment. BETs of this type will not be stacked more than three high.

BETs used to terminate cable sizes greater than 400 pair, will be of the #24 AWG stubbed 355 series type blocks with 3B1E type gas protectors and be mounted in a vertical buss arrangement.

#24 AWG copper cable will be installed and terminated from near BET location on 66 blocks in CER to 110 type blocks installed inside rack(s)/cabinet(s) in CER/TC. Cables will be sized to meet projected user requirement with 50% spares for future growth. User counts will be defined by occupants. Facilities with multiple floors will meet the same requirement on a per floor basis with the cable on the other floor(s) TC/CER feeding down to and terminating in the primary CER next to the BET.

Building Entrance Cable (Fiber Optic)

12 strand (ITN to end building)/36 strand (ITN to ITN) SM FOC (8.3/125 micron) will be designed as part of a new facility construction project. Facility use/user requirements will dictate whether more fiber optic cable is required.

All FOC will be home run from the closest primary or secondary ITN to the new facility. Fiber optic cable will not be spliced in any manholes.

All FOC entering the building will terminate in the CER in a 19” rack mounted FOC patch panel bulkhead with SC style connectors. The connectors shall have less than 0.5 decibel .5dB) loss per mated coupling. Unused optical connectors shall be connected to the back of the bulkhead and equipped with protective covers on the front of the bulkhead.

Fiber optic cable splices shall consist of a fusion splice where two fibers are thermally fused together forming a continuous fiber length. Fusion splices shall have a maximum loss of .10 dB per splice.

Any/all FOC terminations onto the base’s infrastructure will be performed by the Luke BTS contractor as managed by 56 CS/SCX.

(Luke Supplement Ends)

4.1.2 Equipment Room Standard

The general requirements identified in ANSI/TIA/EIA-569A Chapter 8, Equipment Room for structural, lighting, room size, electrical, environment, battery, fire protection, earthquake, and local exchange and call termination services shall be followed and modified as necessary to include the local requirements and building construction codes. Guidance is also available in BICSI TDM Manual, 10th edition, Chapter 8, Equipment Rooms and ETL 02-12.

Physical security measures (e.g. solid walls, solid doors, locks, etc.) are required to secure ER’s.

4.2 Telecommunications Room

Telecommunications Rooms (TRs) are an integral part of the distribution system elements (see Figure 2). TRs must have sufficient cross-connect hardware to terminate all distribution pairs to the floor area that the TR serves. TR’s provide exclusive space to extend communications services to the workstations on respective floor. The location of the TR should ensure the horizontal cable distance to a user outlet is no more than 90 meters (295ft) per ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1, paragraph 4.3 Horizontal distances. These TRs are required to supplement the ER with multiple floor or large facilities where distance limitations are a factor.

4.2.1 Telecommunications Room Standard

The general requirements identified in ANSI/TIA/EIA-569B, Chapter 7.11, Equipment Room for structural, lighting, room size, electrical, environment, battery, fire protection, earthquake, and local exchange and call termination services shall be followed and modified as necessary to include the local requirements and building construction codes. Guidance is also available in BICSI TDM manual, 10th edition, Chapter 7, Telecommunications Room Standards and ETL 02-12.

Physical security measures (e.g. solid walls, solid doors, locks, etc.) are required to secure TRs.

4.2.1.1 Multi-Story Buildings

In multi-story buildings, a minimum of one room shall be located on each floor (small facilities, i.e., air traffic control towers, firing ranges, etc., may use one room for the entire facility).

Rooms on successive floors should be vertically stacked wherever possible.

4.3 Design Requirements

The following are general design requirements to consider for all TRs.

• Grounding: All communications shall be grounded according to ANSI/TIA/EIA- 607-A, NEC/NFPA 70, and BICSI TDM Manual, 10th edition, Chapter 10, Grounding, Bonding, and Electrical Protection.

• Location: Rooms should be located away from sources of electromagnetic interference. Large electrical distribution panels and transformers shall not be allowed in TRs or anything else not related to telecommunications requirements.

• Perimeter: No false ceiling unless an in-floor distribution system is used; all surfaces treated to reduce dust; walls and ceilings painted white or light in color to improve visibility.

• Limited Access: Single or double 36” x 80” lockable doors.

• Other: No piping, ductwork, mechanical equipment or power cabling should be allowed to pass through the TRs. No unrelated storage.

• HVAC: 24 hours/day, 365 days/yr., 64°-75°F (18°-24°C), 30%-55% humidity, and positive pressure with a minimum air change rate of once per hour.

• Lighting: 8.5 feet high, providing 50 foot-candles @ 3 feet above floor.

• Electrical: A minimum of two dedicated 20A, 120VAC duplex outlets on separate circuits are required. Actual electrical supply requirements shall be based upon UPS electrical requirements. Convenience duplex outlets shall be placed at 6-foot intervals around the perimeter. Emergency power outlets and emergency lighting are a mandatory requirement in TRs. IAW ETL 02-12, if the telecommunications equipment must always remain operational due to mission requirements (i.e. C2 system or major base ITN etc.) then CE shall provide a permanently installed standby power generator (real property installed equipment [RPIE]) to prevent the loss of power to the equipment.

• Dust: Less than 100-micrograms/cubic meter/24-hour period. Consider installing tile instead of carpet and treating floors, walls, and ceiling to minimize dust.

• Fire-stops: Packing used to re-establish the integrity of fire-rated structures when cables have penetrated these barriers shall meet the standards specifications for UL ratings against NFPA, ASTM and NEC codes. All penetrations created by or utilized by the communications cabling upgrade shall be fire-stopped to original fire rating.

• Fire-protection: Per ANSI/TIA/EIA standards, the preference for protecting electronic equipment areas is the use of dry fire protection systems. But, most installations use wet-pipe automatic sprinkler systems. In the case of automatic sprinkler systems, the ANSI/TIA/EIA standards recommend the installation of sprinkler head cages to protect against accidental discharge and the installation of drainage troughs under wet pipes to prevent accidental leakage over electronics.

• UPS sizing: UPS shall be sized to support 125% of anticipated load (new and reused electronics) and should support a minimum run time of 60 min. All UPS units purchased or reused shall have SNMP version 2 capability installed or utilized.

• Equipment Rack/Cabinet Clearance

• 3 Feet - Front Rear and Sides

5 BACKBONE CABLING

5.1 Definition

Within a building, the intra-building connectivity for extending the voice, video, and data networks between the entrance facility or equipment room, to a telecommunications room, will be considered backbone cabling. Refer to Figure 3.

The current CITS Baseline Directive has addressed cabling between TRs for Data and states the wiring between TRs within an End Building Node (EBN) or Information Transport Node (ITN) should use fiber optic cable. These links are considered backbone links and are surveyed as such in current CITS Program.

ITN

EBN

Equipment

Room

EBN

Equipment

Room

Base Backbone Cabling

EBN

TR

EBN

TR

EBN

TR

EBN

TR

Horizontal Backbone Cabling

CO COCOCOCOCOCO CO

Horizontal Cabling

Figure 3 Physical Topology of Structured Cabling System

5.2 Standard for Data

ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.1 specifies the use of 50/125-micron or 62.5/125-micron,…