Attachment 2 - TO SOW.pdf

Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Avenue SW Washington DC, 20375-5329

Code 5745

Directed Energy Effects, Phenomenology, and Statistical Research (DEEPSTAR)

Statement of Work (SOW)

25 JAN 2024

RFP: N0017324RGA01

TO: N0017324FXXXX

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Objective

3.0 Requirements/Scope

3.1 Theory, Modeling, and Simulation:

3.2 Design of Experiments, Laboratory Measurements, and Data Analysis

3.3 System and Source Development

3.4 Field Testing Support

3.5 Program Support

3.6 Program Management

4.0 Travel

5.0 Deliverables

6.0 Security

7.0 References

1.0 Introduction

This Statement of Work (SOW) describes the engineering and technical services to be provided to the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington DC, Tactical Electronic Warfare Division (TEWD), Surface Electronic Warfare Systems Branch, High Power Microwave Technology Section. These services include a number of strongly interrelated tasks that vary significantly in technical scope, content, and deliverable products.

2.0 Objective

The objective of the Directed Energy Effects, Phenomenology, and Statistical Research (DEEPSTAR) program is to engage in applied research and development of Directed Energy (DE) systems for Electronic Attack (EA) and Electronic Warfare (EW), and for threat simulator/surrogate use as described in the SOW. These DE systems are for defeat of adversary systems, and to investigate the ability of DE systems to affect sensitive electronics in order to provide tactical advantage to the warfighter. Additionally, the objective includes the investigation of methods to protect against adversary DE, EA, and EW systems. The DE effects on electronics include those induced by radiofrequency (RF), high-power microwave (HPM), millimeter wave (mmW), Terahertz, and laser sources.

These DE systems may be further categorized with respect to their bandwidths, such that they are comprised of: narrowband, wideband, and ultra-wideband sources. Investigation of DE effects on electronics includes determining the damage/disruption mechanisms in these affected electronics. The development of DE systems includes activities from conception, to design, to laboratory and field demonstration of systems, to transition to program offices, and partnering with industry. Basic DE research includes theoretical/analytical, numerical, and laboratory experimentation, and may involve collaboration with academia. Applied research will involve theoretical/analytical, numerical, laboratory experimentation, field experimentation, and may involve collaboration with other DOD components, and industry.

3.0 Requirements/Scope

The contractor shall provide qualified personnel to support NRL Science and Technology

(S&T) programmatic initiatives as follows to support the work described below. Work completed in the tasking below has both classified and unclassified subtasks. Classified tasks will only be performed by individuals with a SECRET or higher clearance. CDRL requirements identified for tasking can be found within Sections 3.1 - 3.6 further covering each section’s subtasks.

3.1 Theory, Modeling, and Simulation:

The contractor shall apply known theoretical techniques (e.g. electromagnetic theory, theory of wave propagation in enclosures, circuit theory, signals and systems, and probability and statistics to model electric fields and induced voltages on targets due to DE Weapon (DEW) waveforms in selected facilities, and/or on selected electronic systems and components. Results are intended to guide experimental design and corroborate experimental results. These results will guide system development efforts.

The contractor shall perform numerical/computer simulations both in full-wave electromagnetic simulation, circuit-based simulation, and general numerical modeling in

MATLAB, etc. Using these simulations, the contractor shall determine the phenomenology of effects of interest to the DEEPSTAR program, and provide pre-experiment verification of waveform interaction with electronics and facilities. (CDRL A001, A004 and A005)

In addition to the general tasking described, specific theory, modeling, and simulation requirements include:

Theory for Electromagnetic Time-Reversal (TR) Sensing Techniques

The contractor shall develop the underlying mathematical theory for TR sensing techniques for the realization of real-time waveform estimation for optimal electromagnetic coupling to electronics. The underlying theory for TR sensing and optimal waveform design was developed in [1, 2] as well as the underlying theory for performing iterative TR techniques on accelerating targets for which NRL has a U.S. patent [3]. Additionally, the contractor shall provide general theoretical assistance and updates regarding existing theory. In addition to routine laboratory reporting of technical activities related to this task, the contractor shall document findings from the theory, modeling, and simulation activities technical reports.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Modeling for DE/EW/EA systems

The contractor shall perform CAD modeling for DE source and systems design and integration using SolidWorks, or a functionally equivalent software suite.

3.2 Design of Experiments, Laboratory Measurements, and Data Analysis

The contractor shall fabricate, set-up, and/or prepare experiments to verify techniques determined theoretically, in simulation, or by other means (e.g., past experience). This will include the purchase of materials needed to conduct these experiments. Additionally, the contractor shall execute the tests, and collect and analyze the data. The tasks may rely on the use of government furnished information and equipment (GFI/GFE). (CDRL A001, A004 and A005)

In addition to the general tasking described, specific experimental design, measurement, and analysis requirements include:

Iterative TR Techniques and TR Pulse Compression (TRPC) techniques

Iterative TR Techniques

The contractor shall design, fabricate, test, and analyze the results of experiments related to iterative TR techniques including decomposition of the time-reversal operator (DORT, from the French acronym), pulse inversion (PI), and iterative TR techniques for moving targets as described in Section 3.1.1 and in [4-9]. Other techniques include specialized antenna design for DORT techniques such as described in [10]

TRPC Techniques

NRL has developed and patented a technology called a TRPC cavity. The theory and operation of TRPC cavities and relevant patents can be found in [11-19]. The contractor shall design, fabricate, test, and measure the results from TRPC cavities according to the needs of specific DEEPSTAR programs.

Ultrashort Pulse Laser (USPL) Techniques

The contractor shall operate NRL Code 5745’s USPL for EW countermeasures and EA.

This USPL was acquired in 2018. It is a 1030 nanometer USPL with a pulse repetition rate of 10 kilohertz, and pulse energy of 75 milli-joules. It is a highly specialized piece of equipment developed for NRL by Trumpf Scientific Lasers. Additionally, the contractor shall design experiments that make use of the USPL in terms of HPM applications.

Laboratory HPM effects testing

The contractor shall perform HPM effects testing on a variety of targets consisting of both direct injection testing (also called ‘benchtop’ testing), testing in the anechoic chamber (also called ‘free space’ testing), and testing in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell.

Benchtop HPM and EW effects testing will consist primarily of designing, fabricating, and analyzing the data from surrogate, and actual, RF and microwave receiver systems, though other devices may also be tested. Free space testing may consist of a wide variety of targets including unmanned aerial systems (UASs), computers and network equipment, industrial control equipment, radar equipment, and other devices. GTEM cell testing will consist of similar targets to those of free space testing, but subject to the space and freedom of movement restrictions of a smaller test volume.

The contractor shall prepare devices under test for effects testing evaluation. The contractor shall be responsible for configuring the devices under test (DUTs) for testing. The contractor shall be responsible for instrumentation and collection of performance data from the device under test. The contractor shall be responsible for evaluation of the device under test response due to the DE waveforms. The contractor shall design, procure components, and construct any materials required to prepare devices under test for evaluation.

3.3 System and Source Development

The contractor shall support the design, fabrication, and testing of novel DE systems and sources. This work includes design and fabrication of power supplies, drive systems/circuity, DE sources, and antennas and associated matching networks. The contractor shall test these DE sources and provide analysis on system performance. (CDRL A001, A004 and A005)

Solid-state, High-Peak Output Voltage Pulse Generators

The contractor shall design and develop high-peak output voltage pulse generators use drift-step recovery diodes (DSRDs), other silicon and/or silicon-carbide opening switches

(SOSs) as described in [21-24], and other solid-state technologies including, but not limited to, non-linear transmission lines, to create the high power output pulses.

3.4 Field Testing Support

The contractor shall support and execute testing with GFE available at offsite locations including but not limited to the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD), Wallops Island, White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), Naval Air Warfare Center China Lake (NAWCCL), and the Patuxent (Pax) River Naval Air Station. The contractor shall prepare NRL equipment to execute testing. The contractor shall support test planning, equipment design, data collection, analysis and documentation related to offsite testing. (CDRL A001, A004 and A005)

3.5 Program Management

The contractor shall provide technical and administrative support in the preparation of technical briefings and presentations, the development of work plans, annotation and promulgation of action items resulting from meetings and general programmatic support. The contractor shall certify all project and program actions are tracked and documented and that the documentation is available to specified program and project participants. The contractor shall provide support for the planning, negotiation, and implementation of meetings, conferences, and seminars. Contractor efforts shall include the planning and execution of these events including, but not limited to: event planning, securing meeting venues and facilities, acquiring required equipment, meeting management, and execution of the agenda and event management. (CDRL A001, A004 and A005)

3.6 Program Support

The contractor shall provide individuals to compile, analyze, and present cost data for material, touch labor, and engineering/program management activities, among other activities as necessary. (CDRL A002 and A003)

4.0 Travel

This task may involve field tests and mission critical conference attendance. The estimated travel requirements per year under this task order are as follows in Table 4.1

Table 4.1 – Travel Details

Destination # of People # of Days # of Trips Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD), Dahlgren, VA

DEPS Symposium, City and State vary 2 5 2 NRL Chesapeake Bay Detachment (CBD), Chesapeake Beach, MD

Other local (Nation Capital Region) travel 2 1 10 Patuxent River Naval Air Station (Pax River), Patuxent River, MD

5.0 Deliverables

A001 - Technical and Management Work Plan A002 – Funds and Labor Hour Expenditure Report A003 – Funds Status Report A004 – Technical Report – Study/Services A005 – Scientific and Technical Report

6.0 Security

All full-time on-site contractor personnel shall possess clearances up to Secret or Top Secret/SCI, and be eligible for immediate adjudication by appropriate cognizant security authority upon the date of contract award. Occasionally, temporary contract personnel may not require a security clearance if they are not working on a project that requires a security clearance or need work in a classified facility.

The contractor shall ensure that all classified material is handled in accordance with the National Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM) (DoD 5220.22M) and applicable Security Program Guides/Directives.

Interim-SECRET clearances are allowed on a temporary basis for new-hires with written approval by the relevant program sponsor(s) and NRL Code 1200. Contractors issued a DoD interim Secret security clearance may only work on specific projects covered by SOW Sections

3. Unclassified IA or IT positions are NOT authorized with a DoD issued interim secret clearance. Contractors with an Interim-SECRET clearance must be escorted at all times in classified spaces. Contractors with an Interim-SECRET clearances are prohibited from having any access to the following types of classified information:

• Communications Security (COMSEC)

• Special Compartmented Information (SCI)

• Special Access Program (SAP) Information

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Information

• Critical Nuclear Weapons Design Information (CNWDI)

• Restricted Data (RD) (and Formerly Restricted Data)

• Naval-Nuclear Propulsion Information (NNPI)

• Foreign Government Information (FGI)

The contractor shall be granted access to classified information necessary for performance of this contract upon contract award as specified in the basic DD Form 254. All contractor personnel with access to unclassified information systems, including e-mail, require at a minimum a favorable National Agency Check (NAC).

7.0 References

[1] J. Kim, T. W., "Time Reversal Operation for Distributed Systems in Stationary and Dynamic

Environment," Doctor of Philosophy, Mathematics, Rensselaer Polytechnic University, Troy, New York, Proquest Number: 10187818, 2015.

[2] J. Kim, "Tuning to Resonances with Iterative Time Reversal," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 64, no. 10, pp. 4343-4354, 2016.

[3] J. Kim, T. W.; Cheney, Margaret, "Technique for focusing waves on moving objects," United States Patent US10560192B2, 2018.

[4] J. Faia, M.; McClintick, Kyle, W.; Hong, Sun, K., "Application of DORT and Pulse Inversion to Detection and Selective Electromagnetic Focusing on Non-linear Elements," presented at the 32nd URSI GASS, Montreal, 2017.

[5] J. Faia, M.; He, Yujie; Park, Hong Soo; Wheeler, Edward; Hong, Sun, K., "Detection and Location of Nonlinear Scatterers Using DORT Applied with Pulse Inversion," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, vol. 80, pp. 101-108, 2018.

[6] J. Faia, M., "Harmonic Detection and Selectively Focusing Electromagnetic Waves onto Nonlinear Targets using Time-Reversal," Master of Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, 2018.

[7] S. Hong, K.; Mendez, Victor, M.; Koch, Trystan; Wall, Walter, S.; Anlage, Steven, S., "Nonlinear Electromagnetic Time Reversal in an Open Semireverberant System," Physical Review Applied, vol. 2, 044013, pp. 1-8, 2014.

[8] S. K. Hong, "Effects of target resonances on ultrawideband-DORT," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 32, no. 13, pp. 1720-1732, 2018, doi:

https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2018.1467284.

[9] S. Hong, K.; Park, Hong Soo, "Embedded Resonances for Discrimination of Multiple Passive Nonlinear Targets Applicable to DORT," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, vol. 81,

pp. 31-42, 2019.

[10] M. Dunlop-Gray, J.; Addissie, Bisrat, D.; Mendez, Victor, M; Drikas, Zachary, B., "The "Virtual Vivaldi" Antenna: A System of Discrete, Co-located Transmit/Receive Elements," 2016.

[11] S. Hong, K.; Lathrop, Emily; Mendez, Victor M.; Kim, Jerry, T. W., "Ultrashort Microwave Pulse Generation by Passive Pulse Compression in a Compact Reverberent Cavity," Progress in Electromagnetic Research, vol. 153, pp. 113 - 121, 2015.

[12] V. Mendez, M.; Hong, Sun, K.; Kim, Jerry, t., "Ultrashort High Power Pulse Generator," United States of America Patent Appl. 15/452,287, 2017.

[13] Z. Drikas, B.; Addissie, Bisrat, D.; Mendez, Victor, M., "High-Gain Ultra-Short Pulse Compressor for High-Power Microwave Applications," U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 2020.

[14] Z. Drikas, B; Addissie, Bisrat, D.; Mendez, Victor; Raman, Sanjay, "A Compact, High-Gain, High-Power, Ultra-Wideband Microwave Pulse Compressor using Time-Reversal Techniques," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 2020, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3003037.

[15] Z. Drikas, B.; Addissie, Bisrat, D.; Mendez, Victor, M.; Raman, Sanjay, "Ultra-wideband Pulse Compression in a Single-Port Cavity using Time-Reversal Techniques," IEEE Trans. Microw.

Theory Techn., Submitted with publication expected 2020.

[16] Z. Drikas, B.; Addissie, Bisrat, D.; Mendez, Victor, M., "Methods and Apparatuses for Generating High-Power Ultra-Wideband Pulses," Patent Appl. 63087913, 2019.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2018.1467284

[17] Z. Drikas, B.; Addissie, Bisrat, D.; Mendez, Victor, M., "Methods and Apparatuses for UWB Pulse Compression," Patent Appl. 63087913, 2020.

[18] Z. Drikas, B.; Addissie, Bisrat, D.; Mendez, Victor, M.; Nolan, James; Croman, Joseph; Parent, Mark, "High-Power, Solid-State, Ultra-wideband (UWB) Radiators: An Investigation of UWB Array Source Synchronization," in "NRL Memorandum Report," U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 2020.

[19] S. Hong, K.; Taddese, Biniyam, T.; Drikas, Zachary, B.; Anlage, Steven, M.; Andreadis, Tim, D., "Focusing an arbitrary RF pulse at a distance using time-reversal techniques," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1262-1275, 2013/07/01 2013, doi:

10.1080/09205071.2013.805310.

[20] Z. Drikas, B., "UWB-HPM Radiator Prototype Development: Proposal for Patuxent River Naval Air Station Naval Electromagnetic Radiation Facility (NERF)," 2022.

[21] R. Focia, J.; Schamiloglu, E.; Fleddermann, C., B., "Ultrafast High Power Switching Diodes," The University of New Mexico, ECE Dept., Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Laboratory, 1995.

[22] R. Focia, J.; Schamiloglu, E.; Fleddermann, C., B., "Simple techniques for the generation of high peak power pulses with nanosecond and subnanosecond rise times," Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 67,

no. 7, pp. 2626-2629, 1996, doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147191.

[23] R. Focia, J.; Schamiloglu, E.; Fleddermann, C., B., "Silicon Diodes in Avalanche Pulse- Sharpening Applications," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 138-144, 1997.

[24] R. Focia, J., "High Repetition Rate Pulsed Power Generators – Phase II," Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776, 2009.

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147191