Attachment 2 - QTP.pdf

AF/A3S Mountain Operator Qualification Training Plan

Mountain Operations

Air Force Special Warfare Mountain Operator Qualification

9 May 2023

AF/A3S

Designed for USAF Use

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AF/A3S Mountain Operator Qualification Training Plan Headquarters Air Force 1400 Defense Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301 May 2023

OFFICIAL

Leland K. Cowie II, Col, USAF Director, Air Force Special Warfare (AF/A3S)

Supersedes N/A – New qualification training plan (QTP) Pages: 25 OPR: AF/A3S (SMSgt Christopher Uriarte, DSN 703-601-1279) Editor: AF/A3S (SMSgt Christopher Uriarte, DSN 703-601-1279) Accessibility: A .pdf file is available on the “Guardian Angel SharePoint” website at:

https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/13306/staneval/SitePages/Home.aspx

Distribution: Authorized to Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. companies under DoD contract for this course only.

Releasability: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

i

Contents

Chapter Page

Summary of Changes .................................................................................................................................................. ii

Chapter 1 - Course Description

Chapter 2 - Course Administration

Section A - QTP Management

Section B - Training Management

Section C - Grading Procedures

Section D - Training Standards

Chapter 3 - Block-I Training

Section A - Breakdown

Section B - Tasks, Conditions, and Standards

Chapter 4 - Block-II Training

Section A - Breakdown

Section B - Tasks, Conditions, and Standards

Attachment 1 - SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Attachment 2 - AF FORM 797

Attachment 3 - RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT LIST ii

Summary of Changes This is a new qualification training plan (QTP) and needs to be reviewed in its entirety.

Chapter 1

Course Description

1. Title — AFSPECWAR Mountain Operator (MNTO)

2. Objective — Train and qualify MNTOs to perform mountain operations in support of training and/or missions that require this skillset. Accomplish qualification training in accordance with AFMAN 10-3507, Mountain Operations Program.

3. Location — Multiple locations are required to meet training objectives.

4. Duration — Completion of this course requires training opportunities in multiple environments and weather conditions which may require a break in training between Block-1 and Block-2. The duration of individual training events may be modified if there is no compromise to the objectives, safety, and trainee-learning outcome.

5. Prerequisites — Trainees must be assigned to a unit with an approved Designed Operational Capability statement or equivalent requiring the unit’s military mountain operations mission on file with the MAJCOM Mountain Operations Program Manager, be a qualified mountain team member, and possess a current Special Warfare Airmen Annual Medical Examination or Preventative Health Assessment (PHA) valid for the duration of the training. There are no additional course entry prerequisites other than those stated above.

6. Status Upon Completion — Mountain Operator qualified. For additional details see AFMAN 10-3507.

7. Estimated Training Hours

Block I - Event Hours Academic Training 12:00 Operational Training 48:00

Total 60:00

Block II - Event Hours Academic Training 18:00 Operational Training 42:00

Total 60:00

Chapter 2

Course Administration

Section A — QTP Management

1. Interpretation — This QTP establishes baseline requirements to train and qualify MNTOs; it is directive in nature and must be followed as written. If no clear QTP guidance exists, resolve the situation using the appropriate chain of command. If the logical course of action appears to conflict with other directives, consult the MAJCOM Mountain Operations Program Manager (MMPM).

2. Changes — Recommended changes to this QTP will be coordinated through the initiators chain of command and forwarded to the MMPM for validation. If the MMPM concurs with recommended changes the MMPM will coordinate with the AFSPECWAE Mountain Operations Program Manager (AMPM). The Director of AF/A3S will be the final authority on changes to this QTP.

3. Waivers — An approved QTP waiver is required for any planned exception to the QTP caused by special or unusual circumstances:

a. Do not accomplish or omit any training requested in a waiver until notification of approval. Permanent or blanket waivers (i.e., for two or more trainees) are not authorized, but should be suggested as QTP changes or a training policy waiver, which require AF/A3S approval.

b. Except where otherwise delegated, the MMPM is the approval authority for individual daily QTP execution waivers. Proficiency advancements (PA) may be further delegated, but no lower than squadron evaluators.

c. Maintain a permanent record of all approved waivers in the trainee's gradebook or AF Form 623 and on file with the squadron’s UTM no later than three days after approval.

d. Maintain a comprehensive log of all waived events, proficiency advancements, and the rationale associated with the respective event.

4. Deviations — A QTP deviation is any unplanned variation from or failure to comply with QTP requirements.

Accomplish all QTP-directed training unless a waiver request is approved. If unforeseen circumstances or a QTP deviation results in omission of required training, the Squadron Commander (Sq/CC) determines if the omitted training can be accomplished later in the QTP flow without adversely affecting the quality of trainee training. Completion of objectives/activities in less than the allotted time due to smaller class sizes or trainee proficiency does not constitute a QTP deviation.

Section B — Training Management

1. Training Progression

a. Normal Progression — Trainees able to meet the performance standards for each objective and unit or block of training, as written in this QTP, on the appropriate day of training, qualify as performing under “normal progression.” Refer to the Course Training Standard (CTS) for detailed information on objectives. A trainee must meet all training objectives in each unit or block of training in order to progress to the next unit or block of training, or to be qualified as a mountain team member. Achievement of course objectives at required proficiency levels (RPL) is measured by proficiency checks.

b. Proficiency Advancement — Trainees may progress at an advanced rate based on learning ability, background experience, and individual initiative. Tailor instruction to the trainee’s ability. Proficiency advancement is encouraged when it is within a trainee’s capability and will be determined by the squadron commander or their designated representative.

c. Additional Training (AT) — Because this QTP is designed for trainees with varied experiences, backgrounds, and abilities, some trainees will require more or less training to meet required performance standards for each lesson. Instructors may use AT events to bring trainee performance up to standards prior to advancing through training. AT events are accomplished by any method available to correct a trainee deficiency to include a combination of academics, computer-aided instruction (CAI), or operational events. Upon successful completion of AT, the trainee will re-accomplish the event where deficiency was identified.

d. Commander’s Review (CR) — Failure to attain objectives may trigger a CR. Trainees requiring an extended period of close supervision should be considered for a progress/elimination check.

2. Progress Check (PC) — A PC is a tool to assess the trainee’s overall performance and potential to meet or exceed training requirements. The CC or designated representative will direct a progress check any time a trainee’s performance should be evaluated for continuation in training or possible elimination. Whenever a trainee fails two (2) proficiency checks, a PC will be accomplished. The CC or designated representative will designate an instructor to conduct the PC. The trainee must meet training standards and demonstrate proficiency as appropriate for the block of training to continue in training. A progress check can result in the trainee passing and continuing with the normal QTP flow, or progressing to an elimination check. AF Form 623A, On-the-Job Training Record Continuation Sheet, will be used to document PCs.

3. Elimination Check (EC) — An EC is a final evaluation tool, administered by the commander’s designated representative, to determine the trainee’s ability to perform the objectives satisfactorily and continue with the normal QTP flow. An EC will be conducted anytime a trainee fails a PC or at the discretion of the CC. An EC can result in the trainee passing and continuing with the normal QTP flow or being considered for elimination. The commander may request an additional EC if in his/her judgment of the trainee’s training was adversely affected by factors beyond trainee control (weather, breaks in training, etc.). The EC will be conducted by a designated instructor and observed by the commander or designated representative. AF Form 623A will be used to document EC events.

4. Causes for Elimination

a. Operational — Trainees who fail to meet the CTS by failing a proficiency check will be given an AT event and then will be given a second proficiency check. Failure of the second check will result in an EC. Failure of an EC results in consideration for elimination through the CR process. Failure of a PC or EC requires documentation on the AF Form 623A.

b. Professionalism — Trainees who demonstrate a flagrant lack of professionalism or adaptability will be entered into the CR process and considered for elimination. If a trainee’s actions create unacceptable risk, the trainee is considered for immediate elimination. Absenteeism is a consideration for elimination and will be documented on AF Form 623A. The nature of the absence and the instructor’s ability to make up missed training without interrupting the normal training flow will be the determining factors when considering elimination.

c. Administrative Process — If a trainee fails an EC, performance is considered unsatisfactory. The Sq/CC will review all relevant factors including attitude, professional qualities, experience level, and other circumstances (instructor continuity, breaks in training, deployments, etc.). If the Sq/CC concludes further training is not warranted, the Sq/CC may withdrawal the trainee from training. A trainee’s withdrawal from training must be documented on AF Form 623A, AF Form 1035, or AF Form 803 and maintained as a permanent record in the trainee's gradebook or AF Form 623 and on file with the squadron’s UTM and unit Standardization and Evaluation section (CCV).

5. Programming and Scheduling — This is a unit level responsibility. While the QTP allows maximum flexibility, some learning events are recommended prerequisites for other events, see the Management Flow section of this chapter.

a. Trainee-to-Instructor Ratio — Risk Management (RM) limits class size to four (4) trainees per one (1) instructor.

This chart identifies trainee-to-instructor ratios. The MMPM is the waiver authority for all trainee-to-instructor ratios. If class size, facility constraints, RM or other factors necessitate a trainee-to-instructor ratio waiver, at no time will ratios exceed the maximum ratio shown without MMPM approval.

Trainee-to-Instructor Ratio

Lesson Optimum Maximum Academics 4:1 6:1 Operational 2:1 4:1

6. Training Requirements and Restrictions

a. Intent — This course combines academic and operational training in a building block approach structured to enable trainees to achieve the objectives IAW the CTS.

b. Events per Day — Academic and operational training is estimated at six (6) hours per day. Note: Calculated instructional time per day does not include administrative time requirements or meal times.

c. Proficiency Advancement — Trainees may advance to the next unit in a training category provided all unit objectives are met. Proficiency advancement is encouraged when it is within trainee capability.

7. Management Flow — To enable the building block approach it is recommended that tasks are completed in ascending numerical order. Block I academics should be completed before progressing to Block I operational training and Block II academics should be completed before progressing to Block II operational training. At the discretion of the primary instructor, academics may be accomplished in a field environment provided that those learning objectives are met before progressing to the operational training that requires them. Primary instructors should develop a management flow that enables efficient and effective course scheduling while accounting for environmental differences between training blocks. Operational training may be reliant on or affected by outside logistics, transportation support, and weather conditions.

8. Duties and Responsibilities

a. Trainee Responsibilities — Trainees will accomplish all assigned training and are responsible for ensuring they are ready and properly equipped for each assigned training event. Training events must be accomplished using sound judgment and professionalism.

b. Instructor Responsibilities — This QTP must be administered by a primary instructor who is current and qualified as a Mountain Operator or Mountain Team Leader IAW AFMAN 10-3507, Mountain Operations Program. Instructors are responsible for compliance with and accomplishment of all planning and training requirements. Instructors will ensure the trainee is MNTO qualified IAW AFMAN 10-3507, MAJCOM, and unit guidance upon satisfactory completion of this course. Instructors will ensure the course completion is annotated in the trainee's training record as MNTO using AF Form 797, AF Form 623A, and/or in TBA.

c. Evaluator Responsibilities — Trainees must satisfactorily complete a one-time SPOT evaluation IAW AFMAN 10-3507 to be qualified as a MNTO. The SPOT evaluation must be documented on AF Form 1035 IAW AFMAN 10-3500V2, or on AF Form 803 IAW DAFI 36-2670.

9. Safety/Risk Management (RM) — Instructors develop trainees’ safety awareness by emphasizing emergency procedures, discipline, professionalism, and judgment. Instructors must weigh potential dangers against training benefit for each maneuver; safety will not be compromised. RM for mountain operations must be developed and used to identify and mitigate risk and ensure risk is approved at the appropriate level.

10. Medical Requirements

a. Medical coverage will be IAW AFMAN 10-3507, Chapter 7.

b. A deliberate RM and medical evacuation plan will be completed, appropriately approved, and briefed to all participants for every operational training event.

11. Training Equipment — Issued equipment is each trainee’s responsibility and is mandatory for training.

Instructors will ensure team equipment and individual equipment is available and serviceable IAW AFMAN 10-3507.

See Attachment 3 for additional equipment recommendations.

12. Course Cautions — All training objectives should be supported with positive historical accounts of military and/or civilian mountaineering when applicable. Negative examples, if used, will not disclose the identity of the personnel involved.

13. Critiques — Forward all end-of-course critiques to the Squadron Director of Operations (DO) for review. The DO then forwards critiques to the CCV section for trend analysis.

14. Qualification Requirements — Qualification requires that all training standards and objectives in this QTP are met, and the trainee satisfactorily completes a SPOT evaluation.

Section C — Grading Procedures

1. Performance Grading Scale — Use the following performance grading scale to measure trainee ability to perform each task as required for each event, objective, or behavior.

Grade Explanation Of Go All required behaviors were assessed and the desired trainee learning objectives were achieved. No-Go All required behaviors were assessed and the desired trainee learning objectives were not achieved.

2. Proficiency Levels — In order to complete the required proficiency level (RPL) specified for a particular training objective the trainee must be a “Go.”

3. Training Documentation — AF Form 797 or AF From 623A will be used to document training progression. If the trainee fails to meet the standard for the task, the instructor will not certify the corresponding item on the AF Form

797. If using AF Form 623A, the instructor should include the Task #(s), detailed descriptions of the training event(s) and the trainee’s performance with strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations.

4. Evaluation Documentation — Evaluations will be recorded on AF Form 1035, AFSPECWAR Evaluations, and maintained in accordance with AFMAN 10-3500V2. Note: For Air Force specialties not governed by AFMAN 10-3500V2, evaluations will be recorded on AF Form 803, Report of Task Evaluations, and maintained IAW DAFI 36-2670; if the member is assigned to a Special Tactics Squadron or Rescue Squadron a copy of the AF Form 803 will be kept on file with CCV.

Section D — Training Standards

1. Purpose — Course Training Standards:

a. Establish the training requirements for MNTO qualification.

b. Provide the basis for the development of more detailed training materials, training objectives, and training evaluation instruments for the course.

c. Provide the standards required of MNTOs. Trainees will be held to the CTS objectives listed in this chapter.

2. Proficiency Code Key

PROFICIENCY CODE KEY

SCALE VALUE DEFINITION: The Individual

TASK

PERFORMANCE

LEVELS

Can do simple parts of the task. Needs to be told or shown how to do most of the task. (EXTREMELY

LIMITED)

2 Can do most parts of the task. Needs help only on hardest parts (PARTIALLY PROFICIENT) 3 Can do all parts of the task. Needs only a spot check of completed work. (COMPETENT)

Can do the complete task quickly and accurately. Can tell or show how to do the task. (HIGHLY

PROFICIENT)

TASK

KNOWLEDGE

LEVELS*

a Can name parts, tools, and simple facts about the task. (NOMENCLATURE) b Can determine step-by-step procedures for doing the task. (PROCEDURES) c Can identify why and when the task must be done and why each step is needed. (OPERATING

PRINCIPLES)

d Can predict, isolate, and resolve problems about the task. (ADVANCED THEORY)

SUBJECT

KNOWLEDGE

LEVELS**

A Can identify basic facts and terms about the subject. (FACTS) B Can identify relationship of basic facts and state general principles about the subject (PRINCIPLES) C Can analyze facts and principles and draw conclusions about the subject. (ANALYSIS)

D Can evaluate conditions and make proper decisions about the subject. (EVALUATION)

EXPLANATIONS

* A task knowledge scale value may be used alone or with a task performance scale value to define a level of knowledge for a specific task. (Examples: b and 1b)

** A subject knowledge scale value to be used alone to define a level of knowledge for a subject not directly related to any specific task or for a subject common to several tasks.

3. Performance standards — This QTP uses specific objectives to express training requirements which the trainee must be able to perform after sufficient instruction. Evaluations of these behaviors are done using the application of a “Go/No-Go” system, with the conditions being implied that the trainee has received all necessary items to perform the task, an implied minimum standard of learning was achieved, and the performance is under current environmental conditions. Trainee evaluations are conducted on a continuous basis to ensure trainee-learning outcomes/trainee practices meet the training requirements. Trainees will strive to meet these standards in required proficiency sessions.

These standards are used during all proficiency checks. Some performance criteria require more than an individual.

In such cases, a maximum number of trainees working together will be established by the primary instructor.

4. Course Training Standards (CTS)

a. Column 1 — TASK: Identifies the Task # and describes the task to be completed.

b. Column 2 — CONDITION: Describes the condition under which the trainee will perform the task.

c. Column 3 — STANDARD: Describes the standard(s) each trainee must achieve prior to course completion.

The standard is Go/No-Go as defined in Chapter 2 Section C Paragraph 2 and Section D paragraph 3 above.

d. Column 3 — RPL: Required Proficiency Level IAW the proficiency code key.

Chapter 3

Section A — Block I Breakdown

Course: Mountain Operator Lesson Developer: Primary Instructor Methods of Instruction:

Demonstration Discussion Group and individual Instruction Practical application

Time Required (estimated): Academics - 12 hours / Operational Training - 48 hours / Total – 60 hours Reference Material:

AFMAN 10-3507, Mountain Operations Program, 9 May 2023 AFH 10-351, Pararescue Procedures, 15 Dec 2022 AFTTP 3-3.GA, Guardian Angel Combat Fundamentals Pararescue Medical Operations Handbook, Current Edition Guardian Angel Briefing Guide, Nov 2021 Rigging for Rescue Technical Ropework Seminar Handbook, Current Edition Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, Current Edition The Peak Rope Rescue Guide, Current Edition USSOCOM Manual 350-34, U.S. SOFBIS – Mountaineering, 7 Jan 2021 ATP 3-21.50, Infantry Small-Unit Mountain and Cold Weather Operations, August 2020 ATP 3-90.97, Mountain Warfare and Cold Weather Operations, April 2016 TC 3-97.61 (FM 3-97.61), Military Mountaineering, July 2012

Section B — Block 1 - Task, Condition, Standard

Criteria: All tasks are trained to the skill level identified in the RPL column.

TASK CONDITION STANDARD RPL

Block I MNTO 2-1. Environmental Effects on Operations in Mountain Environments

Given an academic situation with references (ATP 3-90.97)

Trainee will Identify Environmental effects on:

1. Communication and equipment

2. Navigation

3. Patrolling to include PPE considerations

4. Vehicles and mounted movement

5. Weapons and Effects

6. Camouflage and Clothing

7. Cover and Concealment

B

MNTO 2-2. Land Search Party Requirements

In an academic setting, given a search scenario

Trainee will determine search requirements for the scenario, use maps, imagery and mapping software/programs (ATAK)

3c

MNTO 2-3. Prepare Search Plans Given a search scenario covering at least 2 km, a map, essential navigation equipment, all mission essential equipment to include communication, and appropriate imagery/software

Trainee will prepare a search plan and maximize search party effort to search thoroughly, but minimize duplicating efforts

2b

MNTO 2-4. Tie Classifications (knots, bends, and hitches)

In an academic setting with proper references

Trainee will correctly identify and describe the characteristics of knots, bends and hitches

C

MNTO 2-5. Tie knots, bends, and hitches

In an academic setting; given a rope and tubular nylon

Trainee will correctly identify, construct, and describe the use and applications of:

1. Inside bowline

2. Inline figure 8

3. Figure 8 follow through

4. Figure 8 on a bite

3c

5. Double fisherman

6. Offset overhand bend formerly known as European death knot

7. Water knot (tubular nylon)

8. Square knot

9. End of rope clove hitch

10. Midline clove hitch

11. Munter hitch

12. Super Munter

13. Butterfly

14. Prusik hitch

15. Bachman

16. Autoblock

17. Klemheist

18. Radium Release

MNTO 2-6. Construct Improvised Harnesses

Given a simulated patient, multiple lengths of one inch tubular nylon (5 meters /16 feet) and (9 meters / 30 feet), and mission essential equipment

Trainee will identify available equipment and construct improvised the following harness for patient safety:

1. Swiss seat

2. Swiss sear with chest harness

2. Body harness

3c

MNTO 2-7. Patient Packaging for Horizontal Raise

Given a simulated patient and mission essential equipment

Trainee will package a patient for a horizontal raise using:

1. Stokes basket

2. Skedco litter

3b

MNTO 2-8. Patient Packaging for Vertical Raise

Given a simulated patient and mission essential equipment

Trainee will package a patient for vertical raise using:

1. Stokes basket

2. Skedco litter

3b

MNTO 2-9. Select, Use, and Maintain Climbing Equipment and Clothing/Sustainment Items

Given a climbing or rescue scenario, unit assigned climbing equipment, and PPE

Trainee will select appropriate equipment and clothing/sustainment items for given situation, use the gear, and keep climbing equipment clean, dry, and stored in a climate controlled area not subjected to direct sunlight

3c

MNTO 2-10. Perform Search Party Duties

Given a search scenario day and night with mission essential equipment

Trainee will conduct a land search and successfully locate the lost item/survivor

3c

MNTO 2-11. Perform Rope Management

In an academic situation or rescue environment and an operational rope

Trainee will perform:

1. Back Stacking

2. Body coil

3. Mountain coil

4. Butterfly coil

3c

MNTO 2-12. Select Routes Given a mountain environment, PPE, imagery, mission essential equipment, and a minimum 10m rock face

The trainee will select the best route to minimize effort, hazards, and time to reach the objective while remaining tactically feasible

3c

MNTO 2-13. Construct Natural Anchors

Given natural rock features, trees, or other natural anchors

Construct an Equalized, Redundant, No Extension, Solid and Strong, Timely (ERNEST) anchor, able to hold a rescue load. If not a "bomber" anchor, 6 points will be utilized to construct an anchor for a rescue load, i.e., 6 bushes connected with rope or cordelette as an anchor

3c

MNTO 2-14. Construct Artificial Anchors

Given artificial protection equipment to include stoppers, Tricams, cam's, hex nuts, and any other artificial anchors

Trainee will construct a three to four point medium to large piece ERNEST anchor, 6 points total for a rescue load, i.e., 2x three point stations connected by 7mm nylon quad anchor

3c

MNTO 2-15. Use Climbing Communications

Given a climbing environment and a climbing partner

Trainee will perform climbing communication 3c

MNTO 2-16. Use Belay Systems In a climbing and rescue environment/ scenario, given appropriate PPE, and mission essential equipment

Trainee will successfully:

1. Belay a lead climber while sport and traditional climbing, not hindering the progress of the climber and minimizing excess slack (>2 meters)

2. Catch a fall with minimal slippage of rope

3. Manage the Belay station of a rescue system

3c

MNTO 2-17. Perform Lead Protection Placement Utilizing Aid Climbing Techniques

Given a rock face, rope, required climbing equipment, and belay man

1. Identify related climbing physics, Fall factors, and safety factors as they affect the lead aid climber.

2. Perform a 10 m lead climb using aid climbing TTP's with a top rope belay

3b

MNTO 2-18. Perform Lead Protection Placement Utilizing Free Climbing Techniques

Given a rock face, rope, required climbing equipment, and belay man

1. Identify related climbing physics, Fall factors, and safety factors as they affect the lead climber

2. Perform a 10 m lead climb

3. Sport climbing TTP's

4. Traditional climbing TTP's with top rope belay

3b

MNTO 2-19. Perform Rope Ascent with Friction Hitches

Given a fixed static rope, PPE, and other mission essential gear

Trainee will properly construct and utilize prusiks, Klemheist, Bachmann, and autoblock to ascend at least 10 meters

3c

MNTO 2-20. Perform Rope Ascent with Mechanical Ascending Devices

Given a fixed static rope, PPE, and other mission essential gear

Trainee will ascend 10 meters using a micro traction, jumars, Gri-gri, and ATC/Reverso as the capture device and a tibloc, friction hitch, or jumar for the step

3c

MNTO 2-21. Perform Rappel Techniques

Given a mountainous/high angle environment and required mission equipment. Trainee will rappel down a 10 meter wall using a rappel/friction device. The trainee will also use friction knots (Munter or carabineer wrap) and body belays

Trainee will rappel down a 10 meter wall using the following techniques, without shock loading the system:

1. Descent control device (belay device) with friction hitch safety

2. Extended rappel with third-hand safety

3. Saddle bag rappel

4. Alpine bomb / rope bomb

5. Fireman’s belay

6. Munter hitch

7. Carabiner wrap

3c

MNTO 2-22. Knot Bypass On- Rappel Procedures

Given a mountainous/high angle environment, PPE, and mission essential equipment

Trainee will rappel down a 10 meter wall with a large knot 5 meters from the ground. The trainee must use TTP's to bypass the knot without falling or shock loading the system

3c

MNTO 2-23. Retrievable Rappel System

Given a mountainous/high angle environment, PPE, and mission essential equipment

Trainee will rappel down a 10 meter wall, retrieve the rope, and butterfly or mountain coil the rope

3c

MNTO 2-24. Tandem (Buddy) Rappel

Given a mountainous/high angle environment and required mission equipment

Trainee will perform a buddy rappel with a teammate 3c

MNTO 2-25. High-Angle Pick-Off Given a vertical drop, simulated patient, and mission required equipment

Trainee will perform a pickoff without shock loading the system

3c

MNTO 2-26. Construct and Use Mechanical Advantage Systems

Given a vertical drop, loaded rescue system with 80kg weight and a knot in the main line using mission required equipment

Trainee will raise the load using a 3:1, transferring to a 5:1, and then a higher MA in one raise without lowering or shocking the system

3c

MNTO 2-27. Perform Medium to Low Angle Evacuation

Given a 3-6 man team, simulated rescue exercise, low-angle (15-35 degrees) and medium-angle (approx. 35-60 degrees) terrain and 200 meters or a distance of more than three rope lengths

Trainee will perform a medium-angle evacuation and transition to a low-angle evacuation without dropping the patient, shocking the system or leaving the patient unsecured at any time

3c

MNTO 2-28. Perform High Angle Evacuation

Given a vertical drop, simulated patient, and mission required equipment

Trainee will construct and operate a raise and lower of the following high angle evacuation systems:

1. Main line and Belay line

2. Twin line system

3. Single rescuer, single patient, single line

4. Edge transition (pike n' pivot) In addition, operate as the:

1. Litter attendant

2. Safety/edge man

3c

MNTO 2-29. System Knot Bypass Given a vertical drop, loaded rescue system with at least 40kg weight, a knot in the system, and mission essential equipment

Trainee will perform a knot bypass on the raise and lower without shock loading the system

3c

MNTO 2-30. Suspension Traverse Evacuation Method (Aerial Ropeway Suspension System)

Given a horizontal gap of at least 5 meters, a simulated patient, team members, and mission essential equipment

Trainee will construct and operate a Reeves/Kootenai/Tyrolean highline and also perform litter attendant and safety man duties

3c

MNTO 2-31. Tree Rescue & Recovery

Given a real tree, simulated patient, and mission required equipment

Trainee will perform tree letdown procedures without shocking the system or dropping the patient

Chapter 4

Section A — Block II Breakdown

Course: Mountain Operator Lesson Developer: Primary Instructor Methods of Instruction:

Demonstration Discussion Group and individual Instruction Practical application

Time Required (estimated): Academics - 18 hours / Operational Training - 42 hours / Total – 60 hours Reference Material:

AFMAN 10-3507, Mountain Operations Program, 9 May 2023 AFH 10-351, Pararescue Procedures, 15 Dec 2022 AFTTP 3-3.GA, Guardian Angel Combat Fundamentals Pararescue Medical Operations Handbook, Current Edition Guardian Angel Briefing Guide, Nov 2021 Rigging for Rescue Technical Ropework Seminar Handbook, Current Edition Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, Current Edition The Peak Rope Rescue Guide, Current Edition Glacier Mountaineering, 2009 Staying Alice in Avalanche Terrain, 2001 USSOCOM Manual 350-34, U.S. SOFBIS – Mountaineering, 7 Jan 2021 ATP 3-21.50, Infantry Small-Unit Mountain and Cold Weather Operations, August 2020 ATP 3-90.97, Mountain Warfare and Cold Weather Operations, April 2016 TC 3-97.61 (FM 3-97.61), Military Mountaineering, July 2012

Section B — Block II - Task, Condition, Standard

Criteria: All tasks are trained to the skill level identified in the RPL column.

TASK CONDITION STANDARD RPL

Block II MNTO 2-32. Environmental Effects on Operations in Cold Weather and High Altitude Environments

In an academic setting with prescribed references

Trainee will Identify Environmental effects on:

1. Communication and equipment

2. Navigation

3. Patrolling to include PPE considerations

4. Vehicles and mounted movement

5. Weapons and Effects

6. Camouflage and Clothing

7. Cover and Concealment

B

MNTO 2-33. Terrain Characteristics Affecting Travel in Arctic and Alpine Environments

In an academic setting, given a topographic map, digital photos of terrain

Trainee will identify arctic/alpine terrain characteristics affecting travel to include avalanche and crevasse hazards.

B

MNTO 2-34. Emergency Medical Operations in Adverse Terrain

In an academic setting with prescribed references

Trainee will identify cold weather injuries and altitude illnesses, prevention, and treatment:

1. Frostbite

2. Hypothermia

3. Hyperthermia

4. Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)

5. High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

6. High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

7. High-Altitude Retinal Hemorrhage

3c

MNTO 2-35. Avalanche Causes In an academic setting or while attending a qualified avalanche course

Trainee will describe how the following can cause avalanches: terrain, weather, snow pack, human factors, steepness of slope, weather trends, temperature trends, time of day and seasonality (spring vs winter)

B

MNTO 2-36. Avalanche Hazard Prediction Methods

In an academic setting or while attending a qualified avalanche course

Trainee will describe how to predict avalanches:

terrain, weather, snow pack, human factors, steepness of slope, weather trends, temperature trends, time of day and seasonality (spring vs winter). Trainee will demonstrate knowledge of:

1. Snow pit compression test

2. Snow pit extended column test

3. Snow pit Rutschblock test

B

MNTO 2-37. Avalanche Survival Actions

In an academic setting or while attending a qualified avalanche course

Trainee will describe and demonstrate how to survive an avalanche and use an air bag system and Avalung

B

MNTO 2-38. Avalanche Rescue Equipment Requirements and Techniques

In an academic setting or while attending a qualified avalanche course

Trainee will describe and demonstrate how use a different types of shovels, beacons and probes.

Trainee will describe how the Recco systems and dogs are used to rescue avalanche victims

B

MNTO 2-39. Perform Snow/Alpine Travel Movement Fundamentals

Given a 45 degree or greater snow covered slope with a safe run out, mission equipment, and team members

Trainee will perform snow/alpine travel fundamentals with considerations of avalanche and other cold weather environment associated hazards and demonstrate and describe the benefits of:

1. Rest Step

2. Plunge Step

3c

MNTO 2-40. Perform Skiing Techniques

Given alpine touring (AT) boots, AT skis, AT bindings, climbing skins, other mission essential equipment, and snow covered terrain with an approximate 35 degree slope

Trainee will demonstrate:

1. Proper equipment set-up and use

2. Proper downhill technique

3. Snow plow (braking and turning)

4. Parallel (braking and turning)

5. Falling and recovery

6. Kick turn (facing uphill and downhill)

7. Side hill traverse

8. Travel 3 km wearing climbing skins

9. Ascend a slope for 500 meters

2b

MNTO 2-41. Perform Snow Shoeing Techniques

Given mission essential equipment, snow shoes, and snow covered terrain with an approximate 35 degree slope

Trainee will demonstrate:

1. Proper equipment set-up and use

2. Falling and recovery

3. Side hill traverse

4. Travel 3 km in under 1 hour

5. Ascend a slope for 500 m

2b

MNTO 2-42. Perform Avalanche Rescue

Given a snow environment with beacon, shovel, probe, mission essential gear, and additional beacons for simulated patients

Trainee will perform:

1. Single burial with beacon

2. Multiple burials (>2) with beacons

3. Single burial with team online search

4. Unknown number of casualties with and without beacons using team searching techniques

2b

MNTO 2-43. Perform Emergency Medical Operations in Adverse Terrain

Given a simulated medical exercise in a snow covered/cold weather or high altitude environment

Trainee will correctly identify and administer medical treatment in adverse terrain

3c

MNTO 2-44. Perform Avalanche- Prone Terrain Crossing

Given a cold weather snow environment and mission required equipment

Trainee will conduct a snowpack assessment and perform crossing procedures over an avalanche hazard area

2b

MNTO 2-45. Construct Snow & Ice Anchors

Given ice climbing equipment and a snow or ice covered slope with a safe run out

Trainee will construct the following snow and ice anchors with the ability to hold 80kg of suspended weight:

1. Deadman

2. Snow Bollard

3. T-axe anchor

4. Snow/Body Belay

5. Ice screws

6. V-thread

2b

MNTO 2-46. Perform Ice Axe Self- Arrest and Team Arrest

Given ice climbing equipment and a 45 degree or greater snow or ice covered slope with a safe run out

Trainee will perform the following ice-axe arrest techniques bilaterally:

1. Head uphill on back

2. Head downhill on back

3. Head downhill on stomach

2b

MNTO 2-47. Perform Glacier Travel Fundamentals Wearing Crampons

Given equipment for glacier travel, crampons, a glaciated environment, and team members

Trainee will perform travel fundamentals with considerations for crevasse hazards and perform the following:

1. Fit crampons prior to heading out

2. Don crampon in a field environment

3. Use French foot walking technique

4. Use German walking technique MNTO 2-48. Perform Crevasse Rescue Procedures

Given mission essential equipment, a simulated or actual crevasse, and a partner

Trainee will perform crevasse rescue from a simulated 3 meter drop for:

1. Self-rescue

2. Buddy rescue

3b

MNTO 2-49. Place Ice Climbing Protection

Given ice climbing equipment and a vertical ice climbing environment

Trainee will demonstrate placement of ice climbing protection from a secure position and be able to successfully suspend an 80kg load

2b

MNTO 2-50. Lead an Ice Climb In a field environment with a 60-90 degree ice obstacle, personal climbing equipment, and 2-4 follow-on climbers

Using proper verbal, radio, or non-verbal climbing commands, lead a 2-4 member team on an ice climb using artificial protection and either single of double ropes

3b

Attachment 1

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AF—Air Force AMPM—Air Force Special Warfare Mountain Operations Program Manager AT—Additional Training CAI—Computer-Aided Instruction CC—Commander CCV—Standardization and Evaluation CR—Commander’s Review CTS—Course Training Standard DO—Director of Operations DoD—Department of Defense DSN—Defense Switching Network EC—Elimination Check IAW—In Accordance With MAJCOM—Major Command MMPM—MAJCOM Mountain Operations Program Manager MNTO—Mountain Operator OPR—Office of Primary Responsibility PC—Progress Check QTP—Qualification Training Plan RM—Risk Management RPL—Required Proficiency Level Sq—Squadron TBA—Training Business Area (System) USAF—United States Air Force

Terms

AF—Air Force AMPM—Air Force Special Warfare Mountain Operations Program Manager AT—Additional Training Academic Training—Instruction which takes place in a classroom like environment, generally taught as a lecture utilizing electronic media to introduce basic concepts and theory related to overall training requirements.

Conditions—A description of the testing environment including those problems, materials, and supplies that will be given (included) or specifically excluded from a measurement situation.

Courseware—All materials used in support of trainee learning outcomes, to include instructor guides, study guides, trainee handouts, electronic imagery, and conventional audio and video products, etc.

Criterion—The standard by which something is measured.

Evaluation Judgment expressed as a measure or ranking of trainee achievement, instructor performance, process application, courseware, or other factors. Can be formal or informal.

Instructor Guide—Specialized publication developed to prescribe instructional requirements, teaching points, and instructor-trainee activities essential to the accomplishment of required trainee learning outcomes.

Instructional Media—Specialized multimedia developed for a specific lesson.

Instructional System—Interrelated parts, such as courseware, equipment, facilities, training aids, and instructors, which work toward a defined educational goal.

Instructional System Development (or Design)—A deliberate, orderly and flexible process for planning and developing cost-effective instructional systems that ensure personnel have the knowledge and skills essential for successful job performance.

Knowledge—Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education.

Lesson—A subdivision of a unit of instruction presented in a short period of time and devoted to a specifically limited knowledge or skill.

Objective—A statement that specifies precisely what behavior is to be exhibited, the conditions under which behavior will be accomplished, and the minimum standard of performance.

Operational Training—Training conducted in a “field training” environment, which simulates or is like an actual operational environment. It gives experience and practice in responding to actual stresses under realistically timed lifelike events and/or conditions.

Performance—Part of a criterion objective describing observable trainee behavior (or the product of that behavior) that is acceptable to the instructor as proof that learning has occurred.

Proficiency Check—Instructor evaluation through direct observation of trainee performance of a specific task IAW prescribe conditions and standards.

Required Proficiency Level—The level of learning a trainee must achieve for a particular training task. RPLs are defined in the Proficiency Code Key and are normally associated with levels of task knowledge, subject knowledge, and task performance.

Skill—The ability to perform a job related activity that contributes to the effective performance of a task. Skill involves physical or manipulative activities that often require knowledge for their execution. All skills are actions having specific requirements for speed, accuracy, and coordination.

Standard(s)—The qualitative and quantitative criteria against which trainee performance or the product of that performance will be measured to determine successful learning.

Task—A unit of work activity or operation, which forms a significant part of a duty. A task usually has clear beginning and ending points and directly observable or otherwise measurable processes, frequently but not always resulting in a product that can be evaluated for quantity, quality, accuracy, or fitness in the work environment.

Unit of Instruction—A subject or subdivision of a subject area that is complete within itself and taught as a whole, whether as a single time period, successive periods, or successive periods at varying intervals. A unit of instruction may have several closely related lessons sequentially arranged to guide the trainee toward a prescribed proficiency.

Attachment 2

Attachment 3

Recommended Equipment List

Administrative Equipment, Multimedia Basis of Issue Board, Magnetic, Dry Erase 1/classroom Computer, Multimedia, Desktop 1/classroom Cord, Electrical, Extension, 25-Feet 1/classroom Projector 1/classroom Wireless Remote Mouse 1/classroom Team Equipment, Operational (Ideal team size: 8 trainees) Basis of Issue Medical Ruck 1/team Stokes Basket 1/team Skedco Litter 1/team Static Rope, (11mm) (300 feet) 2/team Dynamic Climbing Rope, (150 feet) 2/team Rigging Kit

1. Non-locking Carabiners

2. Locking carabiners

3. VT Prusiks

4. 33 feet of 8mm cordelette

5. 33 feet of 1 inch tubular nylon

6. Single Sheave Pulleys, Prusik Minding

7. 8mm Tandem Prusik Set (1 x 54” for short, 1 x 66” for long)

8. Rope Protection

1/team 10/kit 10/kit 4/kit 2/kit 2/kit 7/kit 4/kit 2/kit

Artificial Protection Kit

1. Slings, 120cm Dyneema

2. Non-locking Carabiners

3. Quick Draws

4. Gear Sling

5. Stopper Set (4-13 w/nut tool)

6. Cam Set (.3, .4, .5, .75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

7. Tricam Set

1/team 5/kit 17/kit 10/kit 1/kit 1/kit 1/kit 1/kit

Litter Kit

1. Chest Harness

2. Etrier

3. Non-locking Carabiners

4. Locking Carabiners

5. 8mm Vertical Bridal

6. 8mm Horizontal Bridal

7. Purcell Prusiks (7mm)

8. Bag

1/team 1/kit 1/kit 4/kit 10/kit 1/kit 1/kit 2/kit 1/kit

Individual Equipment, Operations Basis of Issue Helmet 1/trainee Eye Pro 1/trainee Climbing (Sit) Harness 1/trainee Leather Gloves 1 pair/trainee Locking Carabiners 4/trainee Non-locking Carabiners 4/trainee Descent Control (ATC/Belay) Device 1/trainee Mechanical Ascenders 1/trainee 8mm Cordelette (10 meters) 1/trainee 1” Tubular Nylon (33 feet) 1/trainee Personal Purcell Prusik System (33’ of 6mm accessory cord)

1. Harness Loop (measured from naval to top of head)

1/trainee

2. Short Leg Loop (cinched on boot and measured to upper thigh)

3. Long Leg Loop (cinched on boot and measured to naval)

1/trainee 1/trainee

Boots, Full Shank Crampon Compatible 1 pair/trainee Crampons 1 pair/trainee Ice Screw Set (1 x long, capable of V-thread, 1 x medium length) 1/trainee V-Thread Tool 1/trainee Ice Tools 2/trainee Ice Axe 1/trainee Snow Picket 1/trainee Prusik Minding Pulley 2/trainee Friction Hitches 2/trainee Avalanche Beacon 1/trainee Avalanche Probe 1/trainee Shovel 1/trainee Snow Shoes 1 pair/trainee Skis 1 pair/trainee Ski Poles (collapsible recommended) 1 pair/trainee Sun Screen 1/trainee Whistle 1/trainee Signal Mirror 1/trainee VS-17 Panel 1/trainee Thermal Protection System

1. Base layer: moisture “wicking” top and bottom

2. Insulating layer: light, loose fitting top and bottom to trap air

3. Shell layer: waterproof, breathable top and bottom (wind, rain, and sun protection)

4. Insulating headgear

5. Balaclava: windproof

6. Gloves, 2 pair: light base layer pair and an outer pair

1 system/trainee

Headlamp 1/trainee GPS 1/trainee Compass/Inclinometer 1/trainee

Please wait...

If this message is not eventually replaced by the proper contents of the document, your PDF viewer may not be able to display this type of document.

You can upgrade to the latest version of Adobe Reader for Windows®, Mac, or Linux® by visiting http://www.adobe.com/go/reader_download.

For more assistance with Adobe Reader visit http://www.adobe.com/go/acrreader.

Windows is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Mac is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\CRIT.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TNUM.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TRINIT.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TRINIT2.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\CERTIF.png

JOB QUALIFICATION STANDARD CONTINUATION/COMMAND JQS

CERTIFICATION

START

DATE

TASKS, KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNICAL REFERENCES

COMPLETION

DATE

TRAINEE NAME

CFETP/JQS NUMBER

PAGE NO.

AF IMT 797, 20020801, V3

PREVIOUS EDITIONS ARE OBSOLETE

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\CRIT.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TNUM.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TRINIT.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TRINIT2.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\CERTIF.png

JOB QUALIFICATION STANDARD CONTINUATION/COMMAND JQS

CERTIFICATION

START

DATE

TASKS, KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNICAL REFERENCES

COMPLETION

DATE

TRAINEE NAME

CFETP/JQS NUMBER

PAGE NO.

(REVERSE)

AF IMT 797, 20020801, V3

PREVIOUS EDITIONS ARE OBSOLETE

8.2.1.3158.1.475346.466429 task1: 0 tasknum1:

tktr1: AFSPECWAR Mountain Operator Qualification Block-I

Enter date as YYYYMMDD to comply with Y2K requirements.:

comdate1:

task2: 1 tasknum2: 2-1 tktr2: Environmental effects on operations in mountainous environments start2:

comdate2:

task3: 1 tasknum3: 2-2 tktr3: Land search party requirements start3:

comdate3:

task4: 1 tasknum4: 2-3 tktr4: Prepare search plans start4:

comdate4:

task5: 1 tasknum5: 2-4 tktr5: Tie classifications (knots, bends, and hitches) start5:

comdate5:

task6: 1 tasknum6: 2-5 tktr6: Tie knots, bends, and hitches start6:

comdate6:

task7: 1 tasknum7: 2-6 tktr7: Construct improvised harnesses start7:

comdate7:

task8: 1 tasknum8: 2-7 tktr8: Patient packaging for horizontal raise start8:

comdate8:

task9: 1 tasknum9: 2-8 tktr9: Patient packaging for vertical raise start9:

comdate9:

task10: 1 tasknum10: 2-9 tktr10: Select, use, and maintain climbing equipment and clothing/sustainment items start10:

comdate10:

task11: 1 tasknum11: 2-10 tktr11: Perform search party duties start11:

comdate11:

task12: 1 tasknum12: 2-11 tktr12: Perform rope management start12:

comdate12:

trainee:

cfetpjqs:

pagenum: 1 of 5 task13: 1 tasknum13: 2-12 tktr13: Select routes

Enter date as YYYYMMDD to comply with Y2K requirements.:

comdate13:

task14: 1 tasknum14: 2-13 tktr14: Construct natural anchors start14:

comdate14:

task15: 1 tasknum15: 2-14 tktr15: Construct artificial anchors start15:

comdate15:

task16: 1 tasknum16: 2-15 tktr16: Use climbing communications start16:

comdate16:

task17: 1 tasknum17: 2-16 tktr17: Use belay systems start17:

comdate17:

task18: 1 tasknum18: 2-17 tktr18: Perform lead protection placement utilizing aid climbing techniques start18:

comdate18:

task19: 1 tasknum19: 2-18 tktr19: Perform lead protection placement utilizing free climbing techniques start19:

comdate19:

task20: 1 tasknum20: 2-19 tktr20: Perform rope ascent with friction hitches start20:

comdate20:

task21: 1 tasknum21: 2-20 tktr21: Perform rope ascent with mechanical ascending devices start21:

comdate21:

task22: 1 tasknum22: 2-21 tktr22: Perform rappel techniques start22:

comdate22:

task23: 1 tasknum23: 2-22 tktr23: Knot bypass on-rappel procedures start23:

comdate23:

task24: 1 tasknum24: 2-23 tktr24: Retrievable rappel system start24:

comdate24:

traineep2:

cfetjqs2:

pagenum2: 2 of 5 viewer may not be able to display this type of document.

You can upgrade to the latest version of Adobe Reader for Windows®, Mac, or Linux® by visiting http://www.adobe.com/go/reader_download.

For more assistance with Adobe Reader visit http://www.adobe.com/go/acrreader.

Windows is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Mac is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TRINIT.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\TRINIT2.png

C:\PROJECTS\TO-4\AF797\CERTIF.png

JOB QUALIFICATION STANDARD…