Attachment 2 - 10F - 178th CES Specifications.pdf

EXCAVATION 02205 - 1

SECTION 02205 - EXCAVATION

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SUBMITTALS

A. Shop Drawings:

1. Excavation Plan, Detailing:

a. Methods and sequencing of excavation.

b. Proposed locations of stockpiled excavated material.

c. Proposed spoil disposal sites.

d. Anticipated difficulties and proposed resolutions.

1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Provide adequate survey control to avoid unauthorized overexcavation.

1.3 WEATHER LIMITATIONS

A. Material excavated when frozen or when air temperature is less than 32 degrees F shall not be used as fill or backfill until material completely thaws.

B. Material excavated during inclement weather shall not be used as fill or backfill until after material drains and dries sufficiently for proper compaction.

1.4 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

A. Demolition: Complete applicable Work specified in Section 02050, DEMOLITION, prior to excavating.

B. Clearing, Grubbing, and Stripping: Complete applicable Work specified in Section 02100, SITE PREPARATION, prior to excavating.

C. Dewatering: Conform to applicable requirements of Section 02140, DEWATERING, prior to initiating excavation.

PART 2 PRODUCTS (NOT USED) PART 3

EXECUTION

EXCAVATION 02205 - 2

3.1 GENERAL

A. Excavate to lines, grades, and dimensions shown and as necessary to accomplish Work. Excavate to within tolerance of plus or minus 0.1-foot except where dimensions or grades are shown or specified as maximum or minimum. Allow for forms, working space, granular base, topsoil, and similar items, wherever applicable. Trim to neat lines where concrete is to be deposited against earth.

B. Overexcavation Beneath Finished Grade:

1. Column Footings: 2 feet below final grade, maximum.

2. Slab-on-Grade: 1 foot below final grade, maximum.

C. Backfill overexcavation as specified in Section 02220, FILL AND BACKFILL.

D. Remove or protect obstructions as shown and as specified in Section 01500, CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES AND TEMPORARY CONTROLS, Article

PROTECTION OF WORK AND PROPERTY.

3.2 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION

A. Excavation is unclassified. Complete all excavation regardless of the type, nature, or condition of the materials encountered.

3.3 TRENCH WIDTH

A. Minimum Width of Trenches:

1. Single Pipes, Conduits, Direct-Buried Cables, and Duct Banks:

a. Less than 4-inch Outside Diameter or Width: 18 inches.

b. Greater than 4-inch Outside Diameter or Width: 18 inches greater than outside diameter or width of pipe, conduit, direct-buried cable, or duct bank.

2. Multiple Pipes, Conduits, Cables, or Duct Banks in Single Trench: 18 inches greater than aggregate width of pipes, conduits, cables, duct banks, plus space between.

3. Increase trench widths by thicknesses of sheeting.

B. Maximum Trench Width: Unlimited, unless otherwise shown or specified, or unless excess width will cause damage to existing facilities, adjacent property, or completed Work.

EXCAVATION 02205 - 3

3.4 EMBANKMENT AND CUT SLOPES

A. Shape, trim, and finish cut slopes to conform with lines, grades, and cross-sections shown, with proper allowance for topsoil or slope protection, where shown.

B. Remove stones and rock that exceed 3-inch diameter and that are loose and may roll down slope. Remove exposed roots from cut slopes.

C. Round tops of cut slopes in soil to not less than a 6-foot radius, provided such rounding does not extend offsite or outside easements and right-of-ways, or adversely impacts existing facilities, adjacent property, or completed Work.

3.5 STOCKPILING EXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. Stockpile excavated material that is suitable for use as fill or backfill until material is needed.

B. Post signs indicating proposed use of material stockpiled. Post signs that are readable from all directions of approach to each stockpile. Signs should be clearly worded and readable by equipment operators from their normal seated position.

C. Confine stockpiles to within easements, rights-of-way, and approved work areas.

Do not obstruct roads or streets.

D. Do not stockpile excavated material adjacent to trenches and other excavations unless excavation sideslopes and excavation support systems are designed, constructed, and maintained for stockpile loads.

E. Do not stockpile excavated materials near or over existing facilities, adjacent property, or completed Work, if weight of stockpiled material could induce excessive settlement.

3.6 DISPOSAL OF SPOIL

A. Dispose of excavated materials, which are unsuitable or exceed quantity needed for fill or backfill, off base.

B. Dispose of debris resulting from removal of underground facilities as specified in Section 02050, DEMOLITION, for demolition debris.

C. Dispose of debris resulting from removal of organic matter, trash, refuse, and junk as specified in Section 02100, SITE PREPARATION, for clearing and grubbing debris.

END OF SECTION

SUBGRADE PREPARATION 02215 - 1

SECTION 02215 - SUBGRADE PREPARATION

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section:

1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

a. D1557, Standard Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 10-pound (4.54 kg) Rammer and 18-inch (457 mm) Drop.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Optimum Moisture Content: As defined in Section 02220, FILL AND

BACKFILL.

B. Prepared Ground Surface: Ground surface after completion of clearing and grubbing, scalping of sod, stripping of topsoil, excavation to grade, and scarification and compaction of subgrade.

C. Relative Compaction: As defined in Section 02220, FILL AND BACKFILL.

D. Relative Density: As defined in Section 02220, FILL AND BACKFILL.

E. Subgrade: Layer of existing soil after completion of clearing, grubbing, scalping of topsoil prior to placement of fill, roadway structure or base for floor slab.

1.3 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

A. Complete applicable Work specified in Sections 02050, DEMOLITION; 02100, SITE PREPARATION; and 02205, EXCAVATION, prior to subgrade preparation.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Notify CONTRACTING OFFICER when subgrade is ready for compaction or whenever compaction is resumed after a period of extended inactivity.

1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Prepare subgrade when unfrozen and free of ice and snow.

PART 2 PRODUCTS (NOT USED) PART 3

EXECUTION

SUBGRADE PREPARATION 02215 - 2

3.1 GENERAL

A. Keep subgrade free of water, debris, and foreign matter during compaction.

B. Bring subgrade to proper grade and cross-section and uniformly compact surface.

C. Do not use sections of prepared ground surface as haul roads. Protect prepared subgrade from traffic.

D. Maintain prepared ground surface in finished condition until next course is placed.

3.2 COMPACTION

A. Under Earthfill: Compact the upper 6 inches to minimum of 90 percent relative compaction as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

B. Under Pavement or Structures: Compact the upper 6 inches to minimum of 95 percent relative compaction as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

3.3 MOISTURE CONDITIONING

A. Dry Subgrade: Add water, then mix to make moisture content uniform throughout.

B. Wet Subgrade: Aerate material by blading, discing, harrowing, or other methods, to hasten drying process.

3.4 CORRECTION

A. Soft or Loose Subgrade:

1. Adjust moisture content and recompact, or

2. Over excavate as specified in Section 02205, EXCAVATION, and backfill as specified in Section 02220, FILL AND BACKFILL.

B. Unsuitable Material: Over excavate as specified in Section 02205, EXCAVATION, and backfill as specified in Section 02220, FILL AND

BACKFILL.

END OF SECTION 02215

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 1

SECTION 02220 - FILL AND BACKFILL

1.1 REFERENCES

1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

a. C117, Standard Test Method for Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing.

b. C136, Standard Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse

Aggregates.

c. D75, Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates.

d. D1557, Standard Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 10-pound (4.54 kg) Rammer and 18-inch (457 mm) Drop.

e. D2922, Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in

Place by Nuclear Methods.

f. D4253, Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density of Soils

Using a Vibratory Table.

g. D4254, Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density of Soils and

Calculation of Relative Density.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Relative Compaction:

1. Ratio, in percent, of as-compacted field dry density to laboratory maximum dry density as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

2. Apply corrections for oversize material to either as-compacted field dry density or maximum dry density, as determined by CONTRACTING OFFICER.

B. Optimum Moisture Content:

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 2

1. Determined in accordance with ASTM Standard specified to determine maximum dry density for relative compaction.

2. Determine field moisture content on basis of fraction passing 3/4-inch sieve.

B. Relative Density: Calculated in accordance with ASTM D4254 based on maximum index density determined in accordance with ASTM D4253 and minimum index density determined in accordance with ASTM D4254.

C. Prepared Ground Surface: Ground surface after completion of required demolition, clearing and grubbing, scalping of sod, stripping of topsoil, excavation to grade, and subgrade preparation.

D Completed Course: A course or layer that is ready for next layer or next phase of Work.

E. Lift: Loose (uncompacted) layer of material.

F. Geosynthetics: Geotextiles, geogrids, or geomembranes.

G. Well-Graded:

1. A mixture of particle sizes with no specific concentration or lack thereof of one or more sizes.

2. Does not define numerical value that must be placed on coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of curvature, or other specific grain size distribution parameters.

3. Used to define material type that, when compacted, produces a strong and relatively incompressible soil mass free from detrimental voids.

I. Influence Area: Area within planes sloped downward and outward at 60-degree angle from horizontal measured from:

1. 1-foot outside outermost edge at base of foundations or slabs.

2. 1-foot outside outermost edge at surface of roadways or shoulder.

3. 0.5-foot outside exterior at spring line of pipes or culverts.

J. Borrow Material: Material from required excavations.

K. Selected Backfill Material: Materials available onsite that CONTRACTING OFFICER determines to be suitable for specific use.

L. Imported Material: Materials obtained from sources off base, suitable for specified use.

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 3

M. Structural Fill: Fill materials as required under structures, pavements, and other facilities.

N. Embankment Material: Fill materials required to raise existing grade in areas other than under structures.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Samples: Geotextile.

B. Quality Control Submittals:

1. Catalog and manufacturer’s data sheets for compaction equipment.

2. Certified test results from independent testing agency.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Notify CONTRACTING OFFICER when:

1. Structure or tank is ready for backfilling, and whenever backfilling operations are resumed after a period of inactivity.

2. Soft or loose subgrade materials are encountered wherever embankment or site fill is to be placed.

3. Fill material appears to be deviating from Specifications.

1.5 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

A. Complete applicable Work specified in Sections 02050, DEMOLITION; 02100, SITE PREPARATION; 02205, EXCAVATION; and 02215, SUBGRADE PREPARATION, prior to placing fill or backfill.

B. Backfill against concrete structures only after concrete has attained compressive strength, specified in Section 03301, REINFORCED CONCRETE. Obtain CONTRACTING OFFICER’s acceptance of concrete work and attained strength prior to placing backfill.

C. Do not place granular base, subbase, or surfacing until after subgrade has been prepared as specified in Section 02215, SUBGRADE PREPARATION.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Gradation Tests:

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 4

1. As necessary to locate acceptable sources of imported material.

2. During production of imported material, test as follows:

a. Granular Fill: 1 per 2,000 cubic yards, minimum 3.

b. Sand: 1 per 2,000 cubic yards, minimum 3.

c. Base Course: 1 per 2,000 cubic yards, minimum 3.

d. Foundation Stabilization Rock: 1 per 2,000 cubic yards, minimum 3.

2.2 EARTHFILL

A. Excavated material from required excavations free from rocks larger than 3 inches, from roots and other organic matter, ashes, cinders, trash, debris, and other deleterious materials.

B. Provide imported material of equivalent quality, if required to accomplish Work.

2.3 GRANULAR FILL

A. 1-inch minus crushed gravel or crushed rock.

B. Free from dirt, clay balls, and organic material.

C. Well-Graded from coarse to fine and containing sufficient fines to bind material when compacted, but with maximum 8 percent by weight passing No. 2 sieve.

2.4 SAND

A. Free from clay, organic matter, or other deleterious material.

B. Gradation as determined in accordance with ASTM C117 and C136:

Sieve Size Percent Passing by Weight 1/4 inch 100 No. 4 95—100 No. 200 0—8

2.5 WATER FOR MOISTURE CONDITIONING

A. Free of hazardous or toxic contaminates, or contaminants deleterious to proper compaction.

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 5

2.6 BASE COURSE

A. As specified in Section 02236, BASE COURSES.

2.7 FOUNDATION STABILIZATION ROCK

A. Crushed rock or pit run rock.

B. Uniformly graded from coarse to fine.

C. Free from excessive dirt and other organic material.

D. Maximum 2-1/2 inches particle size.

2.8 GEOTEXTILE

A. As specified on the Plans.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

A. Keep placement surfaces free of water, debris, and foreign material during placement and compaction of fill and backfill materials.

B. Place and spread fill and backfill materials in horizontal lifts of uniform thickness, in a manner that avoids segregation, and compact each lift to specified densities prior to placing succeeding lifts. Slope lifts only where necessary to conform to final grades or as necessary to keep placement surfaces drained of water.

C. During filling and backfilling, keep level of fill and backfill around each structure and buried tank even.

D. Do not place fill or backfill, if fill or backfill material is frozen, or if surface upon which fill or backfill is to be placed is frozen.

E. If pipe, conduit, duct bank, or cable is to be laid within fill or backfill:

1. Fill or backfill to an elevation 2 feet above top of item to be laid.

2. Excavate trench for installation of item.

3. Install bedding, if applicable, as specified in Section 02225, TRENCH

3. Install item.

4. Backfill envelope zone and remaining trench, as specified in Section 02225, FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 6

TRENCH BACKFILL, before resuming filling or backfilling specified in this section.

F. Tolerances:

1. Final Lines and Grades: Within a tolerance of 0.1-foot unless dimensions or grades are shown or specified otherwise.

2. Grade to establish and maintain slopes and drainage as shown. Reverse slopes are not permitted.

G. Settlement: Correct and repair any subsequent damage to structures, pavements, curbs, slabs, piping, and other facilities, caused by settlement of fill or backfill material.

3.2 BACKFILL UNDER AND AROUND STRUCTURES

A. Under Facilities: Within influence area beneath structures, slabs, pavements, curbs, piping, conduits, duct banks, and other facilities, backfill with granular fill, unless otherwise shown. Place granular fill in lifts of 6-inch maximum thickness and compact each lift to minimum of 95 percent relative compaction as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

B. Other Areas: Backfill with granular fill to lines and grades shown, with proper allowance for topsoil thickness where shown. Place in lifts of 6-inch maximum thickness and compact each lift to minimum of 90 percent relative compaction as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

3.3 FILL

A. Outside Influence Areas Beneath Structures, Tanks, Pavements, Curbs, Slabs, Piping, and Other Facilities: Unless otherwise shown, place earthfill as follows:

1. Allow for 6-inch thickness of topsoil where required.

2. Maximum 8-inch thick lifts.

3. Place and compact fill across full width of embankment.

4. Compact to minimum 90 percent relative compaction as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557,

5. Dress completed embankment with allowance for topsoil, crest surfacing, and slope protection, where applicable.

3.4 SITE TESTING

A. Gradation:

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 7

1. One sample from each 1,500 tons of finished product or more often as determined by CONTRACTING OFFICER, if variation in gradation is occurring, or if material appears to depart from Specifications.

2. If test results indicate material does not meet Specification requirements, terminate material placement until corrective measures are taken.

3. Remove material placed in Work that does not meet Specification requirements.

B. In-Place Density Tests: In accordance with ASTM D2922. During placement of materials, test as follows:

1. Granular Fill: 1 per acre, minimum 1 per lift.

2. Sand: 1 per acre, minimum 1 per lift.

3. Backfill Around Buried Tanks: Minimum 1 per lift.

4. Base Course: As specified in Section 02236, BASE COURSE.

3.5 REPLACING OVEREXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. Replace excavation carried below grade lines shown or established by CONTRACTING OFFICER as follows:

1. Beneath Footings: Granular fill.

2. Beneath Slabs-On-Grade: Granular fill.

3. Beneath Fill or Backfill: Same material as specified for overlying fill or backfill.

4. Trenches:

a. Unauthorized Overexcavation: Either trench stabilization material or granular pipe base material, as specified in Section 02225, TRENCH

b. Authorized Overexcavation: Trench stabilization material, as specified in

Section 02225, TRENCH BACKFILL.

4. Permanent Cut Slopes (Where Overlying Area is Not to Receive Fill or Backfill):

a. Flat to Moderate Steep Slopes (3:1, Horizontal Run:Vertical Rise or

Flatter): Earthfill.

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 8

c. Steep Slopes (Steeper than 3:1):

1) Correct overexcavation by transitioning between overcut areas and designed slope adjoining areas, provided such cutting does not extend offsite or outside easements and right-of-ways, or adversely impacts existing facilities, adjacent property, or completed Work.

2) Backfilling overexcavated areas is prohibited unless, in

CONTRACTING OFFICER’s opinion, backfill will remain stable, and overexcavated material is replaced as compacted earth fill.

B. Place backfill for overexcavated areas in 6-inch loose lifts. Compact each lift to minimum of 95 percent relative compaction as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

3.6 GEOSYNTHETICS

A. Install in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

3.7 PLACING FILL OVER GEOSYNTHETICS

A. General:

1. Place fill over geosynthetics with sufficient care so as not to damage them.

2. Place fill by back dumping and spreading only.

3. Dump fill only on previously placed fill.

4. While operating equipment, avoid sharp turns, sudden starts or stops that could damage geosynthetics.

B. Hauling: Operate hauling equipment on minimum of 3 feet of fill.

C. Spreading:

1. Spreading equipment shall be track mounted, low ground pressure, D-6 or lighter.

2. Operate spreading equipment on minimum of 12 inches of fill over geosynthetics.

3. Spread fill in same direction as unseamed overlaps to avoid separation of seams and joints.

FILL AND BACKFILL 02220 - 9

4. Never push fill downslope. Spread fill over sideslopes by pushing up from slope bottom. If access to bottom of slope is unavailable, progressively place fill, beginning at toe of slope and working upslope, with backhoe or dragline operated from top of slope. Limit distance material falls onto the geosynthetics to maximum of 2 feet.

5. Correct wrinkles in geotextiles in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.

6. Maintain proper overlap of unseamed geosynthetics.

7. Avoid overstressing geosynthetics and seams.

D. Compaction: Compact fill only after uniformly spread to full thickness shown.

E. Geosynthetic Damage:

1. Mark punctures, tears, or other damage to geosynthetics, so repairs may be made.

2. Clear overlying fill as necessary to repair damage.

3. Repairs to geosynthetics shall be made by respective installers as specified in respective specification section for each geosynthetic.

END OF SECTION 02220

BASE COURSE 02236 - 1

SECTION 02236 - BASE COURSE

1.1 REFERENCES

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):

a. T 238, Standard Method of Test for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Completed Course: Compacted, unyielding, free from irregularities, with smooth, tight even surface, true to grade, line, and cross-section.

B. Completed Lift: Compacted with uniform surface reasonably true to cross-section.

C. Standard Specifications: 1996 Standard Specifications for Construction, Michigan Department of Transportation.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Samples: Submit for specified materials 15 days prior to delivery to site.

B. Quality Control Submittals:

1. Certified Test Results on Source Materials: Submit copies from commercial testing laboratory 15 days prior to delivery of materials to project.

2. Certified Results of In-Place Density Tests from independent testing agency.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 BASE COURSE

A. Class 21AA dense graded aggregate as specified in Section 902.06 of the Standard Specifications.

2.2 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. CONTRACTOR: Perform tests necessary to locate acceptable source of materials meeting specified requirements.

BASE COURSE 02236 - 2

B. Final approval of aggregate material will be based on test results on installed materials.

C. Should separation of coarse from fine materials occur during processing or stockpiling, immediately change methods of handling materials to correct uniformity in grading.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

A. As specified in Section 02220, FILL AND BACKFILL.

B. Obtain CONTRACTING OFFICER's acceptance of subgrade before placement of aggregate base course.

C. Do not place base materials in snow or on soft, muddy, or frozen subgrade.

3.2 EQUIPMENT

A. Compaction Equipment: Adequate in design and number to provide compaction and obtain the specified density for each layer.

3.3 HAULING AND SPREADING

A. Hauling and Spreading: In accordance with Section 302.03 of the Standard

Specifications.

B. Hauling Materials:

1. Do not haul over surfacing in process of construction.

C. Spreading Materials:

1. Distribute material to provide required density, depth, grade and dimensions with allowance for subsequent lifts.

2. Produce even distribution of material upon roadway without segregation.

3. Should segregation of coarse from fine materials occur during placing, immediately change methods of handling materials to correct uniformity in grading.

3.4 CONSTRUCTION OF COURSES

A. Construction of Courses: In accordance with Section 302.03 of the Standard

B. General: Complete each lift in advance of laying succeeding lift to provide

BASE COURSE 02236 - 3

required results and adequate inspection.

3.5 ROLLING AND COMPACTION

A. Rolling and Compaction: In accordance with Section 302.03 of the Standard

3.6 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. In-Place Density Tests:

1. Construct base course so areas shall be ready for testing.

2. Perform a minimum of 1 test per acre, minimum 1 per lift in accordance with AASHTO T 191, T 205, or T 238 at locations acceptable to CONTRACTING

OFFICER.

3.7 CLEANING

A. Remove excess material; clean stockpile areas of aggregate.

END OF SECTION 02236

HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING 02511 - 1

SECTION 02511 - HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

RELATED DOCUMENTS

Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

SUMMARY

This Section includes provisions for hot-mixed asphalt paving over prepared subbase.

Provide all material, labor, equipment, services and devices required to properly perform all machine-laid and hand-placed asphalt paving work.

Paint striping and marking is included in the Work of this Section.

Stabilized subgrade shall be prepared in accordance with Section 02200 - Earthwork. Subbase preparation and compaction shall be sequenced in such a manner to avoid undue exposure to the elements before placement of asphalt base.

Extent of asphalt concrete paving work is shown on drawings and consists of two-course paving and testing as specified herein.

SUBMITTALS

General: Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and Division 1 Specification Sections.

Material Certificates signed by material producer and Contractor, certifying that each material item complies with or exceeds specified requirements.

Test Reports: Submit following reports directly to Contracting Officer’s Representative from the testing services, with copy to the General Contractor:

Gradations Marshall Specimens Field Density and Thickness Asphalt Extraction Smoothness Test

QUALITY ASSURANCE:

HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING 02511 - 2

Codes and Standards: Comply with Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) standard specifications, latest edition, and with local governing regulations if more stringent than herein specified.

Testing and Inspection Services: Employ, at Contractor's expense, a certified testing laboratory to perform pavement mix design and inspection service for quality control testing during paving operations.

SITE CONDITIONS

Weather Limitation: Apply prime and tack coats when ambient temperature is above 50 degrees F and when temperature has not been below 35 degrees F for 12 hours immediately prior to application. Do not apply when base is wet or contains an excess of moisture.

Construct hot-mixed asphalt surface course when atmospheric temperature is above 50 degrees F and when base is dry. Base course may be placed when air temperature is above 40 degrees F and rising.

Grade Control: Establish and maintain required lines and elevations.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

MATERIALS

General: Use locally available materials and gradations that exhibit a satisfactory record of previous installations.

Mix design and materials shall comply with the following:

Base Course: Bituminous mix equal to MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction, latest edition. Mix 1100L. Thickness as shown on drawings.

Surface Course: Bituminous mix equal to MDOT Standard Specifications for Construction, latest edition. Mix 1100T. Thickness as shown on drawings.

In addition, the job design mixes shall meet the following Marshall design criteria requirements:

(1) Bituminous Base shall meet the following requirements:

Stability (mn) 1000 Flow .05 to .12 % Voids 3 to 7 % Voids Filled 70 to 80 Minimum asphalt content shall be 4.5 percent of the dry weight of the aggregates.

(2) Asphaltic Concrete Wearing Surface shall meet the following requirements:

HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING 02511 - 3

Stability (mn) 1500

Flow .05 to .12 % Voids 3 to 7 % Voids Filled 70 to 85

Minimum asphalt content shall be 4.5 percent of the dry weight of the aggregates.

Not more than 25% recycled materials may be incorporated into the base course. No recycled materials shall be incorporated into the surface course.

Bituminous Materials: Bituminous materials for base course and surface course shall be Type AC-10

(AASHTO M226).

Tack Coat: Emulsified asphalt, ASTM D 977.

Lane Marking Paint: Alkyd-resin type, ready-mixed complying with AASHTO M 248.

Color: Yellow, white and blue. Refer to drawings.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

SURFACE PREPARATION

General: Remove loose material from compacted subbase surface immediately before applying herbicide treatment or prime coat.

Do not place paving over frozen subgrade.

Proofroll prepared subbase surface to check for unstable areas and areas requiring additional compaction.

Do not begin paving work until deficient subbase areas have been corrected and are ready to receive paving.

Tack Coat: Apply to contact surfaces of previously constructed asphalt or Portland cement concrete and surfaces abutting or projecting into hot-mixed asphalt pavement. Distribute at rate of 0.05 to 0.15 gal. per sq.yd. of surface.

Allow to dry until at proper condition to receive paving.

Exercise care in apply bituminous materials to avoid smearing of adjoining concrete surfaces. Remove and clean damaged surfaces.

CONSTRUCTION

HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING 02511 - 4

Construction shall only take place when conditions are dry. Areas of completed base damaged by freezing, rainfall, or other weather conditions shall be corrected to meet specific requirements.

Transportation of bituminous mixture from mixing plant to site shall be in trucks having tight, clean, smooth beds coated with the least quantity of concentrated solution of hydrated lime and water to prevent adhesion of mixture to truck bodies. Each load of mixture shall be covered with canvas, or other suitable material, of ample size to protect mixture from weather and to prevent loss of heat. Deliveries shall be scheduled so that spreading and rolling of all mixture prepared for one day's run can be completed during daylight unless adequate artificial lighting is provided. Mixture shall be delivered in such manner that temperature at time of dumping into spreader will be not below specified requirements. Loads that have crusts of cold, unworkable material or have become wet by rain will be rejected. Hauling over freshly placed material will not be permitted.

PLACING MIX

General: Place hot-mixed asphalt mixture on prepared surface, spread, and strike off. Spread mixture at minimum temperature of 225 degrees F (107 degrees C). Place areas inaccessible to equipment by hand.

Place each course to required grade, cross-section, and compacted thickness.

Pavement Placing: Place in strips not less than 10 feet wide, unless otherwise acceptable to Contracting Officer. After first strip has been placed and rolled, place succeeding strips and extend rolling to overlap previous strips. Complete base course for a section before placing surface course.

Maximum lift thickness for individual base courses shall be 4 inches.

Immediately correct surface irregularities in finish course behind paver. Remove excess material forming high spots with shovel or lute.

Surface course shall not be placed until heavy construction operations have been completed and project is near Substantial Completion unless otherwise acceptable to Contracting Officer.

Joint: Make joints between old and new pavements, or between successive days' work, to ensure continuous bond between adjoining work. Construct joints to have same texture, density, and smoothness as other sections of hot-mixed asphalt course. Clean contact surfaces and apply tack coat.

Joints between successive lifts shall be offset a minimum of 1 foot.

Tack Coat: Immediately before applying tack coat, all loose material, dirt, clay, or other objectionable material shall be removed from surface to be treated with power broom or blower, supplemented with hand brooms. After cleaning operation and prior to application of the tack coat, inspect area to be treated to determine fitness of area to receive bituminous coating. The surface prepared for immediate treatment shall be dry and in a satisfactory condition. Apply to base course before application of surface course.

Distribute at rate of 0.05 to 0.15-gallon per square yard of surface.

ROLLING

HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING 02511 - 5

General: Begin rolling when mixture will bear roller weight without excessive displacement.

Compact mixture with hot hand tampers or vibrating plate compactors in areas inaccessible to rollers.

Compaction of base course shall be at least 94 percent of lab molded density.

Compaction of surface course shall be at least 96 percent of lab molded density.

Speed of the roller shall be governed to avoid displacement or rippling of hot mixture. Rolling shall be continuous until all roller marks are eliminated. Roller shall weigh not less than 100 pounds to the inch width of tread and shall be operated by competent and experienced roller operators.

Breakdown Rolling: Accomplish breakdown or initial rolling immediately following rolling of joints and outside edge. Check surface after breakdown rolling and repair displaced areas by loosening and filling, if required, with hot material.

Second Rolling: Follow breakdown rolling as soon as possible, while mixture is hot. Continue second rolling until mixture has been evenly compacted.

Finish Rolling: Perform finish rolling while mixture is still warm enough for removal of roller marks.

Continue rolling until roller marks are eliminated and course has attained specified density.

Patching: Remove and replace paving areas mixed with foreign materials and defective areas. Cut out such areas and fill with fresh, hot hot-mixed asphalt. Compact by rolling to specified surface density and smoothness.

Protection: After final rolling, do not permit vehicular traffic on pavement until it has cooled and hardened.

Erect barricades to protect paving from traffic until mixture has cooled enough not to become marked.

TRAFFIC AND LANE MARKINGS

Cleaning: Sweep and clean surface to eliminate loose material and dust.

Striping: Use traffic lane-marking paint, factory-mixed, quick-drying, and non-bleeding.

CONCRETE CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND PAVEMENTS 02521 - 1

SECTION 02521 - CONCRETE CURBS, SIDEWALKS AND PAVEMENTS

1.1 DEFINITIONS

A. Standard Specifications: 1996 Standard Specifications for Construction, Michigan Department of Transportation.

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Shop Drawings:

1. Form Material: Information on metal forms, if used, including type, condition, surface finish, and intended function.

2. Complete data on concrete mix, including aggregate gradations and admixtures in accordance with requirements of ASTM C94.

3. Jointing plan for concrete pavements.

1. Curing Compound: Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance and application instructions.

2. Ready-mix delivery ticket for each truck in accordance with ASTM C94.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Conform to Standard Specifications.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 CONCRETE

A. As specified in Section 03301, REINFORCED CONCRETE.

2.2 EXPANSION JOINT FILLER

A. As specified in Section 03301, REINFORCED CONCRETE.

2.3 JOINT SEALANT

CONCRETE CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND PAVEMENTS 02521 - 2

A. Preformed Joint Seals for Concrete Construction as specified in Section 914.04D of the Standard Specifications.

141618.BB.DS JANUARY 5, 1999

02521 1 CONCRETE CURBS,

SIDEWALKS AND PAVEMENTS

2.4 CURING COMPOUND

A. Liquid membrane-forming, clear or translucent, suitable for spray application and meeting ASTM C309, Type 1.

3.1 FORMWORK

A. Lumber Materials:

1. 2-inch dressed dimension lumber, or metal of equal strength, straight, free from defects that would impair appearance or structural quality of completed curb and sidewalk.

2. 1-inch dressed lumber or plywood may be used where short-radius forms are required.

B. Metals: Steel in new undamaged condition.

C. Setting Forms:

1. Construct forms to shape, lines, grades, and dimensions.

2. Stake securely in place.

D. Bracing:

1. Brace forms to prevent change of shape or movement resulting from placement.

2. Construct short-radius curved forms to exact radius.

E. Tolerances:

1. Do not vary tops of forms from gradeline more than 1/8-inch when checked with 10-foot straightedge.

CONCRETE CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND PAVEMENTS 02521 - 3

2. Do not vary alignment of straight sections more than 1/8-inch in 10 feet.

3.2 PLACING CONCRETE

A. Prior to placing concrete, remove water from excavation and debris and foreign material from forms.

B. Place concrete as soon as possible, and within 1-1/2 hours after adding cement to mix without segregation or loss of ingredients, and without splashing.

C. Place concrete as specified in Section 03301, REINFORCED CONCRETE.

141618.BB.DS JANUARY 5, 1999

02521 2 CONCRETE CURBS,

SIDEWALKS AND PAVEMENTS

D. To compact, vibrate until concrete becomes uniformly plastic.

3.2 CURB CONSTRUCTION

A. Comply with Section 802 of the Standard Specifications and details as shown. If requirements differ from those specified herein, the more stringent shall govern.

B. Construct ramps at locations as shown on the Plans.

C. Expansion Joints: Place at maximum 45-foot intervals and at the beginning and end of curved portions of curb, and at connections to existing curbs. Install expansion joint filler at each joint.

D. Curb Facing: Do not allow horizontal joints within 7 inches from top of curb.

E. Contraction Joints:

1. Maximum 15-foot intervals in curb.

2. Provide open joint type by inserting thin, oiled steel sheet vertically in fresh concrete to force coarse aggregate away from joint.

3. Insert steel sheet to full depth of curb.

4. Remove steel sheet with sawing motion after initial set has occurred in concrete and prior to removing front curb form.

CONCRETE CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND PAVEMENTS 02521 - 4

5. Finish top of curb with steel trowel and finish edges with steel edging tool.

F. Front Face:

1. Remove front form and finish exposed surfaces when concrete has set sufficiently to support its own weight.

3. Finish formed face by rubbing with burlap sack or similar device to produce uniformly textured surface, free of form marks, honeycomb, and other defects.

4. Remove and replace defective concrete.

5. Apply curing compound to exposed surfaces of curb upon completion of finishing.

6. Continue curing for minimum of 5 days.

F. Backfill curb with earth upon completion of curing period, but not before 7 days has elapsed since placing concrete.

1. Backfill shall be free from rocks 2 inches and larger and other foreign material.

2. Compact backfill firmly.

3.4 SIDEWALK CONSTRUCTION

141618.BB.DS JANUARY 5, 1999

02521 3 CONCRETE CURBS,

A. Comply with Section 803 of the Standard Specifications and details as shown. If requirements differ from those specified herein, the more stringent shall govern.

B. Thickness:

1. 4 inches in walk areas.

2. 6 inches in driveway areas.

C. Expansion Joints: Place in adjacent curb, where sidewalk ends at curb, and around posts, poles, or other objects penetrating sidewalk. Install expansion joint filler at each joint.

D. Contraction Joints:

1. Maximum 7-1/2 feet.

CONCRETE CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND PAVEMENTS 02521 - 5

2. Provide transversely to walks at locations opposite contraction joints in curb.

3. Dimensions: 3/16-inch by 1-inch weakened plane joints.

4. Construct straight and at right angles to surface of walk.

E. Finish:

1. Broom surface with fine-hair broom at right angles to length of walk and tool at edges, joints, and markings.

2. Mark walks transversely at 5-foot intervals with jointing tool; finish edges with rounded steel edging tool.

3. Apply curing compound to exposed surfaces upon completion of finishing.

4. Protect sidewalk from damage and allow to cure for at least 7 days.

3.5 CONCRETE PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION

A. Comply with Section 602 of the Standard Specifications and details as shown. If requirements differ from those specified herein, the more stringent shall govern.

B. Expansion Joints: Place at locations where pavement slabs abut building construction. Install expansion joint filler at each joint.

C. Contraction Joints:

1. Provide jointing plan for review.

2. Dimensions: 3/16-inch by 1-inch weakened plane joints.

3. Construct straight and at right angles to adjacent features.

02521 4 CONCRETE CURBS,

D. Construction Joints: As specified in Section 03301, REINFORCED

CONCRETE.

E. Finish: As specified in Section 03301, REINFORCED CONCRETE.

END OF SECTION 0521

HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING 02511 - 6

Do not apply traffic and lane marking paint until layout and placement have been verified with Contracting Officer’s Representative. Apply paint with mechanical equipment to produce uniform straight edges.

Apply at manufacturer's recommended rates to provide minimum 12 to 15 mils dry thickness.

FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

General: Test in-place hot-mixed asphalt courses for compliance with requirements for thickness and surface smoothness. Repair or remove and replace unacceptable paving as directed by Contracting Officer.

Testing: Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be conducted in accordance with the latest standards of American Society for Testing Materials or AASHTO, as applicable.

All testing shall be done at the Contractor's expense by an approved testing laboratory. Samples shall be taken by the laboratory. Make the following tests for each day of production:

Gradations: One Test Marshall Specimens: One set (3 specimens per set).

Field Density and Thickness: Cores through surfacing and base (core hole shall be filled), 4 tests total.

Asphalt Extraction: One test.

Smoothness test shall show, on the surface of each layer, any deviations in excess of 3/8-inch when tested with a 10-foot straightedge applied both parallel with and at right angles to centerline of the paved area. Deviations exceeding this amount shall be corrected by removing material and replacing with new material, or by reworking existing material and compacting, as directed.

Replacement Sections: Areas not capable of being corrected by heating and re-rolling shall be removed and be rectangular in shape and completely enclosing the area to be corrected, with sides parallel or perpendicular with pavement edges. Skim patching is not permitted.

Additional tests shall be required at the Contractor's expense for areas not conforming to the approved job mix formula as determined by Contracting Officer.

END OF SECTION 02511

REINFORCED CONCRETE 03301 - 1

SECTION 03301 - REINFORCED CONCRETE

02950 8 TREES, PLANTS, AND

GROUND COVERS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this Section:

1. American Concrete Institute (ACI):

a. 301, Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings.

b. 305R, Hot Weather Concreting.

c. 306R, Cold Weather Concreting.

d. 318/318R, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete.

e. 347, Formwork for Concrete.

2. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

a. A497, Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement.

b. A615, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for

Concrete Reinforcement.

c. C31, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field.

d. C39, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical

Concrete Specimens.

e. C94, Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.

f. C150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement.

REINFORCED CONCRETE 03301 - 2

g. C260, Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.

h. C309, Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete.

i. C494, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.

j. D994, Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for

Concrete (Bituminous Type).

3. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI):

a. Manual of Standard Practice, 1990, 25th Edition.

b. Recommended Practice for Placing Reinforcing Bars.

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Shop Drawings:

1. Reinforcing steel in accordance with CRSI 1990 Manual of Standard Practice and

ACI SP.

2. Curing compound data.

3. Complete data on the concrete mix, including aggregate gradations and admixtures, in accordance with ASTM C94.

4. Clear floor hardener data.

1. Manufacturer's application instructions for curing compound.

2. Ready-mix delivery tickets for each truck in accordance with ASTM C94.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Formwork: Unless otherwise specified, follow the recommendations of ACI 347.

B. Concrete and Reinforcement: Unless otherwise specified, meet the requirements of ACI 301 and 318/318R.

C. Hot Weather Concreting: Conform to ACI 305R.

D. Cold Weather Concreting: Conform to ACI 306R.

REINFORCED CONCRETE 03301 - 3

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Do not place Concrete when the ambient temperature is below 40 degrees F or approaching 40 degrees F and air temperature less than 40 degrees F for the first 7 days, without special protection to keep Concrete above 40 degrees F.

B. Do not use curing compound where solvents in the curing compounds are prohibited by state or federal air quality laws. Use only water curing methods.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 CONCRETE

A. Ready-mixed meeting ASTM C94, Option A.

B. Portland Cement: ASTM C150, Type I or Type II.

C. Admixtures:

1. Air-Entraining: ASTM C260.

2. Water-Reducing: ASTM C494, Type A or D.

3. Superplasticizers: ASTM C494, Type F or G.

4. Color Pigments: Inert mineral or metaloxide pigments, either natural or synthetic;

resistant to lime and other alkalies.

D. Mix Design:

1. Minimum Allowable 28 day Compressive Field Strength: 4,000 psi when cured and tested in accordance with ASTM C31 and C39.

2. Coarse Aggregate Size: 1 inch and smaller.

3. Slump Range: 3 to 5 inches.

1. 4. Air Entrainment: Between 3 and 6 percent by volume.

2. 5. Water Reducers: Use in all concrete.

E. Mixing: Minimum 70 and maximum 270 revolutions of mixing drum.

Nonagitating equipment is not allowed.

2.2 REINFORCING STEEL

A. Deformed Bars: ASTM A615, Grade 60.

REINFORCED CONCRETE 03301 - 4

B. Welded Wire Fabric: ASTM A497.

2.3 ANCILLARY MATERIALS

A. Expansion Joint Filler: ASTM D994, 1/2-inch thick, or as shown.

B. Nonshrink Grout:

1. Color: To match concrete.

3. Manufacturers and Products:

a. Master Builder Co., Cleveland, OH; Master Flow 928.

b. Euclid Chemical Co., Cleveland, OH; Hi-flow Grout.

C. Curing Compound:

1. Material: Water based in accordance with ASTM C309 Type 1, with additional requirement that the moisture loss not exceed 0.35 kilograms per meter squared per 72 hours.

2. Manufacturers and Products:

a. Master Builders Co.; Masterkure 200 W.

b. Euclid Chemical Co.; Euco Super Diamond Clear VOX.

D. Clear Floor Hardener (Surface-Applied): Colorless, aqueous solution of zinc and magnesium fluosilicate with a minimum 2 pounds of crystals per gallon.

1. Manufacturers:

a. Master Builders, Co., Cleveland, OH.

b. A. C. Horn, Inc., North Bergen, NJ.

c. Sonneborn, Minneapolis, MN.

3.1 FORMWORK

A. Form Materials:

1. Use hard plastic finished plywood for exposed areas, and new shiplap or plywood

REINFORCED CONCRETE 03301 - 5

for unexposed areas.

2. Earth cuts may be used for forming footings.

B. Form Ties:

1. Fixed conical or spherical type inserts that remain in contact with forming material and allow for dry packing of form tie holes.

2. Ties shall withstand pressures and limit deflection of forms to acceptable limits.

3. Wire ties are not acceptable.

C. Construction:

1. In accordance with ACI 347.

2. Make joints tight to prevent escape of mortar and to avoid formation of fins.

3. Brace as required to prevent distortion during concrete placement.

4. On exposed surfaces locate form ties in uniform pattern or as shown.

5. Construct so ties remain embedded in the wall with no metal within 1-inch of concrete surface when forms, inserts, and tie ends are removed.

D. Form Removal:

1. Remove after concrete has attained 28 day strength, or approval is obtained in writing from CONTRACTING OFFICER.

2. Remove forms with care to prevent scarring and damaging the surface.

3.2 PLACING REINFORCING STEEL

A. Unless otherwise specified, place reinforcing steel in accordance with CRSI Recommended Practice for Placing Reinforcing Bars.

B. Splices and Laps:

1. Top Bars: Horizontal bars placed such that 12 inches of fresh concrete is cast below in single placement.

1. 2. Horizontal wall bars are considered top bars.

2. 3. Tie splices with 18-gauge annealed wire as specified in CRSI Standard.

4. 3.3 PLACING CONCRETE

REINFORCED CONCRETE 03301 - 6

A. Place concrete in accordance with ACI 301.

B. Prior to placing concrete, remove water from excavation and debris and foreign material from forms. Check reinforcing steel for proper placement and correct discrepancies.

C. Before depositing new concrete on old concrete, clean surface using sandblast or bushhammer or other mechanical means to obtain a 1/4-inch rough profile, and pour a cement-sand grout to minimum depth of 1/2-inch over the surface. Proportion 1 part cement to 2.5 parts sand by weight.

D. Place concrete as soon as possible after leaving mixer, without segregation or loss of ingredients, without splashing forms or steel above, and in layers not over 2 feet deep.

Place within 1-1/2 hours after adding cement to mix.

E. 8 feet maximum vertical drop to final placement, when not guided with chutes or other devices to prevent segregation due to impact with reinforcing.

3.4 COMPACTION

A. Vibrate concrete as follows:

1. Apply approved vibrator at points spaced not farther apart than vibrator's effective radius.

2. Apply close enough to forms to vibrate surface effectively but not damage form surfaces.

3. Vibrate until concrete becomes uniformly plastic.

4. Vibrator must penetrate fresh placed concrete and into previous layer of fresh concrete below.

3.5 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

A. Locate as shown or as approved.

B. Maximum Spacing Between Construction Joints in Wells: 40 feet.

3.6 CONTROL JOINTS IN SLABS

A. Locate as shown or as approved.

B. Maximum Spacing Between Control Joints in Reinforced Floor Slabs: 25 feet.

3.7 FINISHING

A. Floor Slabs and Tops of Walls:

REINFORCED CONCRETE 03301 - 7

1. Screed surfaces to true level planes.

2. After initial water has been absorbed, float with wood float and trowel with steel trowel to smooth finish free from trowel marks.

3. Do not absorb wet spots with neat cement.

B. Unexposed Slab Surfaces: Screed to true surface, bull float with wood float, and wood trowel to seal surface.

C. Tolerances: Floors shall not vary from level or true plane more than 1/4-inch in 10 feet when measured with a straightedge.

D. Exterior Slabs and Sidewalks:

1. Bull float with wood float, wood trowel, and lightly trowel with steel trowel.

2. Finish with broom to obtain nonskid surface.

3. Finish exposed edges with steel edging tool.

4. Mark walks transversely at 5-foot intervals with jointing tool.

3.8 FINISHING AND PATCHING FORMED SURFACES

A. Cut out honeycombed and defective areas.

B. Cut edges perpendicular to surface at least 1-inch deep. Do not feather edges. Soak area with water for 24 hours.

C. Patch with shotcrete or low pressure mortar.

D. Finish surfaces to match adjacent concrete.

E. Keep patches damp for minimum 7 days or spray with curing compound to minimize shrinking.

F. Fill form tie holes with Nonshrink Grout.

3.9 PROTECTION AND CURING

A. Protect fresh concrete from direct rays of sunlight, drying winds, and wash by rain.

C. Keep concrete slabs continuously wet for a 7 day period. Intermittent wetting is not acceptable.

REINFORCED…