Attachment_1_SOW_Window_Replacement_Tiospaye_Topa_and__Quarter_Project_draft.pdf

Tiospaye Topa School and Quarter Window Replacement Statement of Work

August 6, 2024

BACKGROUND

Tiospaye Topa School is located at 15618 1st Ave., La Plant, South Dakota, 57652.

The intent of this project is to replace windows in the 1101 main school building and windows in 1103 quarter, as seen below.

1101 Main School Building 35 Windows all are 48X48 Inches.

1103 Quarter 2 Picture Windows (2 double hung and 1 inoperable window) dimension: 104X40 Inches.

7 Double Hung Windows approximate dimension 36X40 Inches.

*All of the above listed window dimensions are approximate. The contractor shall be responsible for measuring the windows to verify actual dimensions.

** All windows shall be insulated, low E, with steel clad frames and casings.

*** All windows for the school building shall also be Impact Resistant.

BIA School Window Replacement Project Guidelines Primary Resource Document – School Facilities Design Handbook – March 30, 2007 Chapter 7100 Glazing Systems

7100-1. General

1.1. Glazing systems consist of interior and exterior windows and entrance and storefront systems. The information in this section represents a standard of acceptable quality for glazing system components for BIA facilities.

1.3. Specifying Windows and Glazing’s - To fully specify a window system, it is necessary to specify the following characteristics:

• Application of the Glazing

• Window U-value

• Window Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC), or shading coefficient (SC)

• Glass Visible Transmittance (Tvis-glass) For specific aesthetic and performance objectives the Specifier may also wish to specify:

• Tints (colors) and Coatings

1.4. General Guidance - There are far more glazings available for buildings today than there were even a few years ago. Some recommendations for specifying windows and glazings include:

• In general cases, specify low U-factors (< 0.40) for residential applications.

Even lower values may be desired in extreme heating climates.

• When specifying windows performance, take care to specify "whole product performance values" for U-factor and SHGC. Use of "glass-only" U-factors should be avoided as they can be 10% to 40% better than the whole product value.

• In climates with significant air conditioning loads, specify windows with low SHGC values (< 0.40).

• In general, high (> 70%) Glass Visible Transmittance is desired, especially for day lighting applications.

• For commercial buildings in conjunction with day lighting strategies, analyze the trade-offs between standard glazing and high coolness index (also called spectrally selective) glass. Spectrally selective glass has a relatively high visible transmittance and a relatively low SHGC.

• In general, low SHGC windows should be considered for east- and west-facing glazing as a means of controlling solar heat gain and increasing occupant comfort. For large commercial and industrial structures, specify low SHGC windows on the east, south, and west facades. SHGC for north-facing windows is not critical for most latitudes in the continental United States.

• For buildings where passive solar heating energy is desired, south-facing windows with high SHGC values coupled with low U-factors should be specified.

• Select windows with comfort in mind. The proper specification of windows can result in higher Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) in winter and lower MRT in summer, improving occupant comfort and productivity. MRT represents the average temperature an occupant feels from radiant heat exchange with their surroundings.

• The February 5, 2014 publication of Requirements for Windows and Doors (Attachment 1) provides excellent guidance in the design and selection of interior and exterior windows and doors.

• Attachment 2 is a list of Manufacturers of Aluminum Windows from AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturers Association) with phone numbers.

• Replacement of Window where Lead Based Paint pre-exists - For standard- sized windows, snap-in replaceable aluminum tracks are available. These devices help eliminate the painted friction point (and thus the generation of leaded dust) where the moving sash abrades the painted surface. The track covers should be pressed into a bead of caulk at each joint. Painted sashes should be replaced. Friction surfaces on windows should not be painted. Window troughs should be covered with fitted metal and screwed into place. Again, the metal should be pressed into a bead of caulk at the joints and edges.

• Type of Glass based on Glazing Classification. Attachment 3 is the CODE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF GLASS IN BUILDINGS which should be used to determine the overall type and/or classification of glass used.

• Use of Safety Glass/Tempered Glass - The areas considered to be hazardous safety glazing areas requiring tempered glass are:

1. Glass in any door;

2. Glass in any kind of shower, bathtub area, hot tub, steam room, sauna or whirlpool area where the bottom edge of the glass is less than 60 inches above a standing surface and drain outlet;

https://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting.php https://www.wbdg.org/resources/psheating.php https://www.wbdg.org/design/provide_comfort.php

3. Glass in fixed or operable panels adjacent to a door where the nearest exposed edge of the glazing is within a 24” arc of either vertical edge of the door in a closed position and where the bottom edge of the glazing is less than 60” above a walking surface:

4. Glass in fixed or operable panels that meets all of the following conditions:

* Bottom edge is less than 18” above floor

* Top edge is greater than 36” above floor

* Total area of glass is greater than 9 sq. ft. (1296 sq.in.)

* One or more walking surfaces within 36” horizontally of the glazing;

5. Glass in walls used as a barrier for indoor or outdoor swimming pools or spas when both of the following exist:

• The bottom edge of the glazing is less than 60” above a pool side of the glazing

• The glazing is within 5 feet of a swimming pool or spa deck area;

6. Glass in walls enclosing stairway landings or within 5 feet of the bottom and top of stairways where the bottom edge of the glass is less than 60” above a walking surface

• You can select tempered glass on any of the windows you order from Discount Door and Window. Select "Glass Strength" option, and choose tempered glass.

7100-2. Exterior Windows

2.1. To the extent possible, windows should be standard manufactured sizes.

Custom-size windows should be used sparingly.

2.2. A minimum of one window per classroom will be operable. Provide insect screening on all operable windows.

2.3. Operable sashes shall not project into pedestrian paths.

2.4. Windows in food prep areas shall not be operable.

2.5. Window construction is to be aluminum and shall meet the following standards and criteria:

• ANSI/American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA)

Heavy Commercial (HC) Class.

• 6063 aluminum, T5 or better, with a minimum .125-inch extrusion wall.

• Standard anodized finish.

• ANSI/AAMA AW-50 rating or better.

• Cut edges shall be deburred. Sharp edges and protruding screws are prohibited.

• Window extrusions shall be of thermal break design.

• Corner joints are to be flush, mitered, rigid, and weatherproof. Joints are to be hairline joints.

• Windows shall drain internally and externally to the building exterior.

Provide weeps in the frame so all water can escape the frame.

• Window frames must be reinforced at hardware locations.

• Fasteners throughout are to be stainless steel.

• Hardware shall be institutional grade and vandal resistant.

2.7. Weather stripping shall not be exposed when windows are shut. All windows must be provided with appropriate weather stripping:

• For compression type weather stripping, nonferrous spring metal or vinyl gasket

• For sliding type weather stripping, woven pile wool, polypropylene, or nylon

7100-3. Interior Windows

7100-4. Entry and Storefront Systems

7100-5. Glass

5.1. Glazing properties are an integral part of the design of low-energy-use buildings and are highly dependent on climate zone and the design of the building and its systems. While building design variables cannot be quantified in a design standards document, climate zones can be. Therefore, the recommended glazing properties are specific to each of the seven climate zones described in the National Best Practices Manual for Building High Performance Schools, published by the U.S. Department of Energy.

5.2. Although these values should be considered minimum standards, they may be adjusted for individual projects if the Designer of Record can demonstrate that, due to the design of the building and/or building systems, additional energy savings can be achieved by doing so.

5.3. Figure 7100-1 outlines the recommended glazing properties for the BIA design standards. These values are based upon exceeding ASHRAE 90.1 requirements by approximately 30 percent.

5.4. Exterior Glass and Window Systems shall conform to the following:

• Energy Policy Act of 2005

• Energy Star® Windows

• National Fenestrations Rating Council (NFRC) Certified Products

Directory

• Technical Preservation Guidelines 2009 Center For Historic Buildings

Office Of The Chief Architect Public Buildings Service U.S. General Services Administration

SEALANTS

1. Selection of Sealants - The proper application of a sealant involves not only choosing a material with appropriate physical and chemical properties, but also having a good understanding of joint design, substrates to be sealed, performance needed, and the economic costs involved in the installation and maintenance of a joint sealant. Typical considerations for selecting a sealant type for use in the construction industry are:

2. Joint Design: The specifics of a joint design must match up with a sealant's movement capabilities for the installed conditions. The practicality of installation of the sealant and other joint elements and the desired aesthetic appearance also need to be considered.

3. Physical and Chemical Properties: Properties of the sealant such as, modulus of elasticity, its stress/strain recovery characteristics, tear strength, and fatigue resistance are all factors that influence sealant performance in a joint. The sealant polymeric type along with additives such as fillers and plasticizers will affect the performance of the product.

4. Durability Properties: The adhesion of a sealant to a specific substrate(s) and its aging characteristics as they relate to resistance to among others ultra-violet radiation, moisture, temperature, cyclic joint movement, movement during curing, and bio-degradation can profoundly influence the service life of the installed sealant.

5. Application/Installation Properties: Important considerations include the consistency of the sealant (pourable or gunnable), pot life and tooling time, tack free time, application temperature range, and low temperature "gunnability" (i.e. ability to be dispensed easily by sealant gun). Sealants used for interior applications, even in high-rise or light commercial structures, will have properties and needs different from those used in other applications, such as structural sealant glazing or exterior building facade seals.

SUBMITTALS

a. Product Data: Submit manufacturer’s technical data for each glazing material required, including installation and maintenance instructions.

b. Certificates of compliance from glass and glazing materials manufacturers attesting that glass and glazing materials furnished for project comply with requirements. Separate certification will not be required for glazing materials bearing manufacturer’s permanent label designating type and thickness of glass, provided labels represent a quality control program involving a recognized certification agency or independent testing laboratory acceptable to authority having jurisdiction.

c. Letter or notation from Authority Having Jurisdiction that the specified assembly is acceptable for the use intended.

d. Product Test Listings:

i. From UL indicating fire-rated glass complies with requirements, based on comprehensive testing of current product.

ii. Energy Star® Window Ratings

DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

5. Deliver materials to specified destination in manufacturer or distributor’s packaging, undamaged, complete with installation instructions.

6. Store off ground, under cover, protected from weather and construction activities.

WARRANTY

5. Provide five-year manufacturer warranty that includes replacement for:

a. over broken seals

b. fogging

c. failure or breakage of moving parts

d. failure of weather seals/stripping

e. failure or breakage of latches and locks

f. failure and/or separation of coatings and tintings

INSTALLATION/CONSTRUCTION

1.0 Installation - Window openings to be flashed “in such a manner as to prevent moisture from entering the wall or to redirect it to the exterior.”

1.1 Installation shall comply with the Window Manufacturers Installation Instructions and Specifications.

1.2 Contractor shall supply Certification that the Windows were installed in a manner consistent with the Manufacturers Installation Instructions and Specifications and note that the Window Manufacturer’s Warranties are in full force and effect.

1.3 Housekeeping - Contractor shall maintain a clean and safe worksite with all worksite debris gathered and secure for disposal at the end of each workday. All project debris shall be disposed in accordance with State and Federal regulations. Contractor shall handle existing window and window removal in a manner that prevents glass breakage and glass accumulation on the ground or floors. In the event that glass breakage can not be avoided, Contractor shall deploy tarps to contain and collect the broken glass for prompt disposal.

1.4 Recycling – Recycling is strongly encouraged, especially during the removal of old windows with metal frames, however all recycled materials must be stored in secure containers and may not be stockpiled on the ground.

1.5 Scheduling and Coordination – Contractor shall coordinate the installation schedule with the designated site Coordinator to minimize disruptions at the site and continuity of site operations.

1.6 Security and Background Checks – Contractor shall provide BIA

Contracting Officer with completed Background Check forms 60 days prior to site mobilization and all Contracting Personnel shall be approved for site access prior to accessing the project site. No workers are to be on site, that has not passed a background check.

1.7 Removal – When removing old windows for replacement:

• Remove exterior and interior window trim.

• Remove exterior wall covering in whole pieces and replace in whole pieces. i.e., whole lengths of siding, whole sheets of sheathing. During reinstallation of siding, trim and/or sheathing replace damaged pieces with matching new materials. Prime and paint with equal painting materials that match existing colors and finishes.

• Roll or peel back building membrane to remove existing window tabs if possible. If necessary to cut membrane, replace with a six

(6) inch membrane overlap with equal.

• Remove existing window by first removing nails or screws from the mounting tabs.

• Preserve existing opening structure for new windows.

PROTECTION AND CLEANING

1. Protect glass from contact with contaminating substances resulting from construction operations. Remove any such substances by method approved by glass manufacturer.

2. Wash glass on both faces not more than four days prior to date scheduled for inspections intended to establish date of substantial completion. Wash glass by method recommended by glass manufacturer.

The project will include all labor, transportation, equipment, materials, testing, professional services, and certifications necessary for a complete installation of four roofing systems.

The replacement material shall meet current industry standards.

All existing layers of Shingles and other roofing system materials shall be removed in its entirety prior to the installation of the new roofing system. All shingles, underlayment, ice and water shield, drip edge, step flashing valley flashing, etc. as needed shall be included in the complete installation. Any engineering/engineering services required for the complete installation shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

All materials and workmanship shall comply or exceed the requirements of the latest addition of the NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code, BIA School Facilities Design Handbook, current addition. All design elements not specifically called as being reviewed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (Division of Safety and Risk Management) as outlined in Section J shall meet the design criteria of the International Family of Building Codes (ICC), International Building Code (IBC), and all other applicable State and Federal codes pertinent to this project. When two or more codes are in conflict, the more stringent code shall take precedence.

SCOPE

The Contractor shall provide a complete fully functioning roofing system which meets or exceeds the current roofing system standards. At a minimum, this project consists of the following:

Scope of Work shall include the following, or equal as approved by the Contracting Officer:

1. Store all products according to manufacturer’s recommendations and in manufacturer's unopened, labeled packaging until they are ready for installation.

2. Proceed with work only when existing and forecasted weather conditions will permit work to be performed in accordance with Manufacture’s recommendations.

3. Color: As selected from manufacturers’ full range by Agency Facility Manager

4. Do not begin installation until the roof deck has been properly prepared.

5. The new roofing system will NOT be installed over an existing roof; all existing materials must be removed to the deck.

6. Verify that the deck is dry, sound, clean and smooth. It shall be free of any depressions, waves, and projections.

7. Cover with sheet metal, all holes over 1 inch (25mm) in diameter, cracks over 1/2 inch (12mm) in width, loose knots and excessively resinous areas.

8. Replace damaged deck with new materials.

9. Clean deck surfaces thoroughly prior to installation of eaves protection membrane and underlayment.

10. Remove existing asphalt shingle system, including asphalt impregnated felt paper, etc.

Provide new Class A asphalt shingle roofing system by GAF, CertainTeed or equal products of including the following:

a. Shingles (12” X 36” asphalt fiberglass shingles), UL Class A rating, passing

UL 997 110 mph Wind Test, CSA A123.5-M90 and CSA A123.5-98, ASTM D3018 Type 1, ASTM D3161 Type 1, ASTM D3462 approximately 80 pieces per square, 4 bundles per square, 5” exposure, the manufacturer’s Lifetime Ltd.

Transferable Warranty and a 110 mph Wind Warranty.

b. Product installed using appropriate placement, roofing nails, and nailing per shingle per manufacturer requirements for high wind and dusty areas and shall also include hand sealing of shingles.

c. Exhaust Vent for Roof Ridge

d. Ridge Cap shingles to match shingles in 1.a. above, and as required for 110 mph wind warranty.

e. Ice Dam Protection/Barrier of polymer modified, self-adhering, eave protector membranes shall be provided at:

i. All eaves from roof edge to a minimum of 36-inches inside the inside edge of exterior walls.

ii. All hips, ridges and valleys as recommended by manufacturer.

iii. All roof penetrations as recommended by the manufacturer.

iv. All step flashings to higher walls; a minimum of six feet horizontally from the higher wall.

f. Shingle underlayment of asphalt saturated felt, 30# or better below all shingles.

g. All fasteners and accessories as recommended by the shingle manufacturer for the conditions identified in this document.

11. The contractor shall insure the proper ventilation of the attic space using the following criteria:

a. Cross ventilation should be provided for each separate space by openings protected against the entrance of rain and snow.

b. For roof decks with a minimum slope of 2:12, ventilation to the underside of the roof deck should be provided at both a low point (soffit) and high point (ridge or gable end) of the roof.

c. The total net area of ventilation should be at least 1 square foot/150 square foot of the roof area (insulated ceiling area), projected on a horizontal plane.

i. Vents shall be uniformly distributed on opposite sides of the building such that approximately 50 percent are near the lower part of the roof (inflow) and 50 percent near the ridge (outflow)

d. The minimum required net free ventilating area permitted to be reduced to 1 square foot/300 square foot of the roof area (insulated ceiling area) of the space ventilated, provided that both of the following criteria are met (low slope roofs and are excluded from this reduction):

i. A vapor retarder having a transmission rate not exceeding 1 perm in accordance with ASTM E 96, Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials, is installed on the warm side of the attic insulation.

ii. Fifty percent of the required ventilating area is provided by ventilators located in the upper portion of the space to be ventilated at least 36 in. (915 mm) above eave or cornice vents, with the balance of the required ventilation provided by eave or cornice vents.

e. A minimum of 1 in. of air space should be provided between insulation and roof sheathing where the insulation is located at the plane of the ceiling.

f. Blocking and bridging should be arranged so as not to interfere with the movement of air.

g. Provide Net Free Area Calculations with proposal.

12. Also, include removal and replacement of an additional three sheets (entire sheet) of unsound (i.e., water damaged) plywood roof sheathing; See Unit Cost A.

a. UNIT COST A: State the amount to be added to or deducted from the stated quantity to be included within the Base Bid for the removal and replacement of each 4’ X 8’ section (or portion thereof) of roof sheathing, where unsound (rotted, warped deck, gaps, etc.) existing roof sheathing is discovered. The Base Bid shall include removal/replacement of three sheets of plywood roof sheathing (where existing roof sheathing is found to be unsound). Verify thickness/span requirements to match existing (assumed to be 5/8” CDX plywood).

13. Remove existing and provide new frost jackets at all plumbing vents.

14. Remove roof drip edge metal flashing where occurs and provide new pre-finished metal roof drip edge at all roof edges.

15. Remove existing step flashings (Verify if Asbestos Containing prior to removal), and replace with new step flashings, counter flashings, fasteners, sealant (i.e., chimney’s) and all accessories for a complete installation.

16. Remove existing flashings at all other roof penetrations (Verify if Asbestos Containing prior to removal) and provide new flashings at all roof penetrations.

17. Remove existing gutters and downspouts. Provide new pre-finished, continuous metal gutters and closed downspouts at all eave locations, appropriately sized for the roof areas served in accordance with SMACNA recommendations. Provide heavy duty gutter and downspout straps; downspout straps shall be at 24” on center maximum. Provide downspout elbow at bottom to splash block. Also provide downspout extension (4 foot Minimum) attached at elbow so that extension may be lifted and stored in the vertical position. Remove existing splash blocks where occur and replace with new concrete splash blocks at each downspout. Provide earthwork (fill, topsoil, regrading) and reseeding of grass as necessary to provide proper splash block placement and maintain adequate drainage away from the building at each downspout location.

18. Complete and submit the Non-Asbestos Containing Materials (NON-ACM) Certification and the Non-Lead Based Paint (NON-LBP) Certification at substantial completion.

19. Submit 1 copy of Shop Drawings; each drawing shall have clear space for stamps and notes and Product Data for standard manufactured items may be in the form of manufacturer’s printed catalog sheets showing illustrated cuts of items to be provided. Each product data sheet shall have clear space for stamps and notes.

The Contractor shall hold one set of Shop Drawings/Product Data in a file until the date of final inspection at which time the Contractor shall turn over the complete set, cataloged in chronological order, to the Contracting Officer’s Representative.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT, QUALITY CONTROL, & DATA COLLECTION

The Contractor shall designate a point of contact for coordination of this project. This individual shall have overall responsibility for the performance of the work to ensure the work is progressing on schedule and within budget.

The Contractor shall maintain communication records, cost-tracking information monthly, project budget summary sheet, project log, all project related conversations, meeting notes, and quality assurance audits and make these available to the BIA as requested. Invoices shall be in a format meeting the needs of the BIA.

A pre-construction meeting will be held within 10 days of the Notice to Proceed.

The Contractor shall submit the following:

• The Contractor shall bring a completed construction schedule noting submittal points and other critical phases of the project to the preconstruction meeting for distribution to all attendees. The proposed construction schedule will incorporate a timeline beginning at the Notice to Proceed and end with the Certificate of Final Inspection

(BIA).

• At the contractor’s expense:

o The contractor shall provide a certified Roofing inspector licensed in the

State of South Dakota to review and make recommendations on the work plan and design.

o The Roofing Certified Inspector will make onsite inspections to ensure compliance with the accepted work plan and design requirements.

o The Roof Certified Inspector will be responsible for overseeing and reviewing the content and adequacy of the training that will be provided to the building maintenance personnel. See O&M specification in section J.

• The work plan and the Inspectors recommendations will be submitted to the Contracting Officer for review and approval 3 days prior to the Notice to Proceed.

• A QA/QC Plan within 3 days of the Award of Contract.

• A Safety Plan meeting OSHA standards CFR 1910 & 1926, 7 days of the Award of

Contract.

• All other documents and/or requirements identified in this statement of work

Deliverables: QA/QC Plan, Safety Plan, Project Schedule, Pre-Construction meeting memorandum, summary/minutes of each meeting, and monthly progress reports submitted by the Seventh (7th) of each month (report to be in either MS Word or .pdf).

PERIOD OF PERFORMACE

The period of performance is 180 calendar days from the Notice to Proceed. The Contractor shall provide written notification to the COR and Contracting Officer when the material has been ordered and when the projected delivery date is expected. The intent of this project is to have a fully functional and sound roofing system before winter.

The contractor shall ensure the facility is fully operational during the installation.

SECTION J ATTACHMENTS

Background Investigation Memo Service Life and Replacement Cycles 4-16-2016 Vicinity and Site Maps

Service Life and Replacement Cycles

1. GENERAL: Design BIA facilities in a cost-effective manner while providing an environment that promotes sustainable maintenance, which:

a. Allows staff to provide efficient services.

b. If greater than or equal to 10,000 square feet of administrative office space, meets

LEED silver certification standards/requirements.

c. Is user friendly to public and staff.

d. Offers best value for construction dollars.

e. Has incorporated provisions for future expansion/capabilities.

f. Meets industry standards for maintainability.

g. Remains attractive and provides a visual statement as reflected in BIA direction.

2. SERVICE LIFE: Design the structure and exterior skin, respectively, to support specific loads and to provide a weather tight enclosure so that the critical building systems inside the building have a finite service life. Recommended service life of the building's critical individual components are identified below, assuring appropriate maintenance:

CRITICAL BUILDING

SERVICE LIFE PERCENTAGE OF COST OF

Structural (foundation, sub-structure, & superstructure) Indefinite

20%

Exterior Skin Indefinite 12% Roofs 20 Years 2.5% Interior Construction/Equipment 10 Years 24% Mechanical Systems 20 Years 25% Electrical Systems 20 Years 12% Automatic Transport 25 Years 4.5%

3. DEFINITIONS

a. Service Life. The average time during which a particular system or component remains in it original service application and when it should be replaced.

Replacement may occur for any reason, including, but not limited to failure, general obsolescence, reduced reliability, excessive maintenance cost, and changed system requirements due to such influences as changed functional programs or energy prices.

b. Critical Component. Major system without which the facility could not provide its primary function.

c. Major Component. Building System that is 10% or more of the cost of the facility.

4. CRITICAL BUILDING SYSTEMS: The following is a list of typical, but not limited to, design for critical building systems which impact service life of facilities:

a. Architectural Systems

1. Roofs. Provide long-lived and leak-free roofs. Geometry of very large buildings dictates a flat roof, restricting the choice of materials to built-up or single-ply membranes. Smaller buildings may have pitched roofs, allowing more material options, such as asphalt shingles, metal, or tile.

2. Windows. Design windows for low maintenance, trouble-free operation, weather-tightness, insulating value, security, and appearance. Operable windows are the easiest and least costly type if the facility cleans its windows with in-house staff. For large scale facilities, such as Headquarters, the most satisfactory type is side-hinged windows. Fixed windows (non-opening) are less costly initially and may last indefinitely since they have no moving parts. However, fixed windows have higher maintenance cost since they must be washed from the outside.

3. Interiors. Use materials that are typically hard surfaced and durable and have an architecturally pleasing appearance.

4. Ceilings. Base ceiling selection on acoustic performance, low replacement cost, and initial cost.

5. Floors. Provide vinyl composition tile (VCT) or sheet vinyl (SV) for general use areas, ceramic tile (CT) for wet areas, quarry tile (QT) for heavy duty areas like kitchens, carpeting (CP) for office, waiting, and special areas, and special material, such as pavers, for entrance/lobby spaces. Select flooring for safety and functional appropriateness first, then life cycle maintenance and durability.

6. Walls. Select colors and textures that keep the best appearance for the longest period possible. Base selections of initial cost, required maintenance, and potential for damage.

a. Mechanical Systems

1. Air Handling Systems. Design air handling systems to provide temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air quality control of indoor space.

Include component equipment such as heating and cooling coils, fans, air filters, dampers, intake louvers, humidifiers, and controls. Select equipment based on size constraints, functional areas being served, available space, and environmental conditions required. Consider hours of operation, ambient air conditions, cleanliness of ventilation air, quality of water service, ability or accessibility, and quality of maintenance.

2. Ductwork Systems. Design galvanized metal ductwork/air distribution systems in accordance with the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (SMACNA) national standard.

3. Chiller Systems. Design chiller systems, including controls, pumps, piping, and valves, to provide chilled water for cooling. Minimum number of chillers needed shall take into account efficient operation and redundancy.

4. Boiler Systems. Design boilers to distribute steam throughout the center for space heating, sterilization, food preparation, and dishwashing.

Typically, boilers are gas/oil fired high-pressure steam generators with dual fuel capability and required safety and operating controls. Select units based on connected loads, air pollution standards, and federal energy conservation statutes.

5. Piping Systems. Design a piping system that distributes fluids and gases throughout the facility. HVAC piping is predominately black steel piping systems; copper piping used for domestic water and medical gases; and cast iron and PVC used for waste lines.

a. Elevators. Design hydraulic type elevator systems in buildings with 4 floors or less and electric traction-type elevator systems in buildings of 5 or more floors use.

b. Electrical Systems. Design electrical systems to provide lighting and communications for occupants, and power for specialty equipment and building systems such as elevators and air conditioning. Select system components based on user requirements, safety, and life-cycle costs.

Site Maps

Vicinity Map