Attachment_0009_-_NEPA_EA_Sensory_Trail.pdf

September 2025

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail Environmental Assessment DOI-BLM-Eastern States-M000-2025-0002-EA

I have considered the factors mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). This environmental assessment represents the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM’s) good-faith effort to fulfill NEPA’s requirements by prioritizing documentation of the most important relevant considerations within the statutorily mandated page limits and timeline. This prioritization reflects the BLM’s expert judgment; and any considerations addressed briefly or left unaddressed are, in the BLM’s judgment, comparatively non-substantive and would not meaningfully inform the BLM’s consideration of environmental effects and the decision to be made. The EA is substantially complete, considers the factors mandated by NEPA, and, in my judgment, contains analysis adequate to inform the BLM’s decision regarding the proposed action.

Responsible Official: _______________________________ Date: ________________

Nick Weber, Field Manager, Lower Potomac Field Station

Responsible Official: _______________________________ Date: ________________

Pamela A. Mathis, District Manager, Northeastern States District

U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Northeastern States District Lower Potomac Field Station

10406 Gunston Road Lorton, Virginia 22079

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

1.2. Purpose and Need

1.3. Decision to be Made

1.4. Relationship to Statutes and Regulations

1.5. Conformance with the Land Use Plan

1.5.1. Tiered Documents

1.6. Scoping and Issues

CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVES

2.1. Alternative A – No Action Alternative

2.2. Developments Common to Alternative B and Alternative C

2.2.1. Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail

2.2.2. Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail Activity Stations

2.2.3. Bench Seating

2.2.4. Trailhead Kiosk

2.2.5. Parking Area

2.2.6. Vault Toilet Facilities

2.2.7. Signs

2.2.8. Design Features

2.3. Alternative B – Mustang Meadow Trail Development

2.4. Alternative C – Proposed Action – Enchanted Pond Trail Development

2.5. Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Analysis

2.5.1. Hidden Pond Trail Development

2.5.2. Giles Meadow Trail Development

CHAPTER 3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

3.1. Issue 1: Recreation and Public Access

3.1.1. Affected Environment

3.1.2. Environmental Impacts

3.2. Issue 2: Visual Resource Management

3.2.1. Affected Environment

3.2.2. Environmental Impacts

3.3. Issue 3: Public Health

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail June 2025

Environmental Assessment 2

3.3.1. Affected Environment

3.3.2. Environmental Impacts

3.4. Issue 4: Cultural Resources

3.4.1. Affected Environment

3.4.2. Environmental Impacts

3.5. Issue 5: Terrestrial Wildlife

3.5.1. Affected Environment

3.5.2. Environmental Impacts

3.6. Issue 6: Vegetation

3.6.1. Affected Environment

3.6.2. Environmental Impacts

3.7. Issue 7: Soil

3.7.1. Affected Environment

3.7.2. Environmental Impacts

3.8. Issue 8: Wetlands

3.8.1. Affected Environment

3.8.2. Environmental Impacts

CHAPTER 4. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT, CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

4.1. Public Involvement

4.2. Consultation and Coordination

4.2.1. Section 106 Consultation

4.2.2. Section 7 Consultation

CHAPTER 5. LIST OF PREPARERS

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: ....................................................................................................................... A-1

APPENDIX B: ........................................................................................................................B-1

APPENDIX C: ....................................................................................................................... C-1

APPENDIX D: ....................................................................................................................... D-1

APPENDIX E: ........................................................................................................................E-1

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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Northeastern States District proposes to develop the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail, for all public land users with design features that provide improved recreational access and use of public lands for individuals on the autism spectrum, those with sensory processing disorders, and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders. The proposed location is within the Lower Potomac Field Station (LPFS) that manages the

Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area (SRMA). The area was chosen due to its proximity to metropolitan areas, where there is an abundance of public land users, and specifically the target audience.

The Meadowood SRMA consists of 804 acres of forest and meadows where the BLM hosts a variety of recreational opportunities including hiking, biking, hunting, geocaching, and bird watching, environmental education programs, and an equestrian facility. The Meadowood SRMA offers 13.4 miles of hiking trails, 7 miles of horseback riding trails, 6.6 miles of mountain biking trails, and two fishing ponds. Currently, two trails are all-inclusive, meaning they are designed to meet or exceed the Architectural Barries Act (ABA) to be open to everyone and leave no one out.

The Meadowood SRMA currently offers a variety of recreational activities and opportunities;

however, there are no opportunities specifically for those on the autism spectrum and those with sensory processing disorders.

The EXPLORE Act of 2025, Section 214 titled “Accessible Trails” directs agencies to develop new accessible trails and Section 215 titled “Accessible Recreation Opportunities” directs agencies to develop new accessible recreation opportunities. Secretary Order 3442 was established by the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (LWCF Act), the LWCF was created “to assist in preserving, developing, and assuring accessibility to all citizens of the

United States of America such quality and quantity of outdoor recreation resources as may be available and are necessary and desirable for...participation in...recreation in order to strengthen the health and vitality of citizens of the United States” (Pub. L. 88-578, §I, 78 Stat. 897). The

LWCF Act established a State Financial Assistance Program (State Program) and a Federal program. The State Program provides matching grants to States for acquisition and development of public outdoor recreation sites and facilities. The Trump administration has prioritized access to Federal lands and outdoor recreational opportunities, recognizing the physical and mental health benefits of time spent in nature. As a part of the broader “Make America Healthy Again” initiative, the Trump administration is expanding opportunities for all Americans to enjoy the outdoors to improve their health outcomes.

The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would be a connecting looped trail where it begins and ends at the same spot. This loop trail would be approximately 1 mile in length with a potential connector trail in the middle of the loop offering a shorter route back to the beginning. Up to six activity stations would be constructed along the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail, allowing for unique sensory experiences. The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would include a parking

Environmental Assessment 4 area, access road development, trailhead kiosk installation, bench seating, and installation of an all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table.

According to a study by the National Institute of Health, the state of Virginia has an autism prevalence rate of 2.41 percent, the second highest in the country (Dietz et al, 2020).

Developmental disabilities are common in the United States, affecting approximately one in six children according to the Centers for Disease Control public health tracking network

(Abercrombie et al, 2022). Individuals on the autism spectrum, those with sensory processing disorders, and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders may face barriers to outdoor recreation due to sensory sensitivities, safety concerns, and social sensitivities. Currently, the

BLM Northeastern States’ lands do not have recreation infrastructure tailored for these individuals.

1.2. Purpose and Need

The purpose is to respond to requests from the public to provide safe, high quality outdoor recreation opportunities for all public land users, individuals on the autism spectrum, sensory processing disorders, and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

The need is to provide recreation opportunities so that individuals on the autism spectrum, those with sensory processing disorders, and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders may enjoy public lands. Currently, there are limited trails with recreational developments on any BLM-managed lands designed for these individuals and families.

1.3. Decision to be Made

Based on the analysis contained in this environmental assessment (EA), the BLM authorized officer would decide whether to approve or deny the development of the Meadowood Sensory

Nature Trail in the Meadowood SRMA. The decision would include an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with up to six activity stations, a potential connector trail, bench seating, accessible vault toilet with an inside adult changing table, trailhead kiosk, parking area, and access road development.

1.4. Relationship to Statutes and Regulations

Alternative B and Alternative C comply with applicable laws, regulations, and policies, including, but not limited to, the following:

• National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended – enables the BLM to consider the environmental impacts of their actions.

• Federal Land and Management Policy Act of 1976, as amended – enables the BLM to manage public lands for multiple uses, including recreation.

• The Expanding Public Lands Outdoor Recreation Experiences (EXPLORE) Act of 2025

– directs the BLM to develop new accessible trails and accessible recreation opportunities. Section 214 titled “Accessible Trails” directs agencies to develop new

Environmental Assessment 5 accessible trails and Section 215 titled “Accessible Recreation Opportunities” directs agencies to develop new accessible recreation opportunities.

• Secretary Order 3442 - Land and Water Conservation Fund Implementation – prioritized access to Federal lands and outdoor recreational opportunities, recognizing the physical and mental health benefits of time spent in nature.

• Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (LWCF Act) – created “to assist in preserving, developing, and assuring accessibility to all citizens of the United States of

America such quality and quantity of outdoor recreation resources as may be available and are necessary and desirable for...participation in...recreation in order to strengthen the health and vitality of citizens of the United States.

• Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) of 1968 - requires that all buildings and facilities constructed in whole or in part by federal funds must be accessible to, and usable by, physically disabled persons. This includes any construction, renovation, restoration, remodeling, or site development completed by the agencies.

• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 – requires the BLM to provide equal access to its programs and activities and ensure that its facilities are accessible.

• Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-112), as amended – requires that all Federal programs, activities, and services must be accessible to disabled visitors, including those with physical, hearing, visual, and learning impairments.

1.5. Conformance with the Land Use Plan

Alternative B and Alternative C comply with the applicable land use plans because they are clearly consistent with the following land use plan objectives, terms, and conditions, even though it is not specifically provided for:

• Meadowood Farm Planning Analysis, Approved March 2003

19. “Facilities at Meadowood Farm will be brought into compliance with the Americans with

Disabilities Act of 1990.” (page 2-3)

22. “All Meadowood SRMA trails, existing and new, will be planned, constructed, and maintained following BMPs to ensure resource health and patron safety.” (page 2-5)

Management Objective: “Management of natural and cultural resources will be balanced with recreation, environmental education and equine use of the Meadowood SRMA.” (Decision

Record, page 1)

• Meadowood SRMA Integrated Activity Management Plan/Environmental Assessment

(IAMP/EA), Approved May 2004

“Management of the Meadowood SRMA will focus on three core programs: recreation, environmental education, and wild horses and burros.” (page 3)

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19. “All Meadowood SRMA trails, existing and new, will be planned, constructed, and maintained following BMPs to ensure resource health and patron safety.” (Page 5)

“The BLM is committed to making its programs and facilities accessible to disabled visitors.

BLM will be conducting evaluations at the Meadowood SRMA, identifying access deficiencies, developing action plans, and completing retrofits. New facilities will be built using universal design principles.” (page 7)

1.5.1. Tiered Documents

• Multipurpose Pavilion at Meadowood Special Recreation Management Area (DOI-BLM-

Eastern States-0030-2019-0012-EA), Section 2.2.3

• Decision Record: Multipurpose Pavilion at Meadowood Special Recreation Management

Area, Section I

The installation of a vault toilet was fully analyzed in the Proposed Action in the above-mentioned EA as stated in Section 2.2.3. It states:

“A fully accessible double vaulted toilet would be installed south of the existing Mustang Loop.

The toilet would be approximately 12 feet by 15 feet and 15 feet tall and would have two 1,000-gallon concrete waste vaults. The restrooms would remain open, and the BLM would monitor the situation to determine if further control is warranted. To install the concrete waste vaults, a pit approximately 15 feet by 18 feet and 5 feet deep would be excavated. The surface footprint of the vault and 3-foot-wide sidewalk around the building would be approximately 18 feet by 21 feet. Once the excavated area is prepared, preconstructed concrete waste vaults would be inserted. After the concrete waste vault is secured and leveled, the pre-constructed vault toilet building would be placed on top of the vault and then sealed to the concrete waste vault.

Installation of the vault toilet would take approximately two weeks before the toilet is operable.

The toilet would be pumped to remove waste quarterly or more frequently depending on fullness and odors, which would require a specialized cleaning truck that would access the waste clean-out hatches at the backside of the building. Other maintenance activities include weekly cleaning and restocking of supplies.”

As stated in the Decision Record, Section I, the authorizing official approved the construction and installation of the vault toilet. It states:

“I also approve construction and maintenance of the parking areas with gates and gravel pad described in Section 2.2.2 and restroom facilities described in Section 2.2.3.”

1.6. Scoping and Issues

Letchworth State Park in New York opened the Autism Nature Trail, which is a first-of-its-kind experience in nature. The trail is designed for visitors on the autism spectrum and those with a range of abilities to be appropriate and enjoyable for everyone (https://autismnaturetrail.com/).

The Autism Nature Trail has become increasingly popular, which is why it serves as an ideal model for the BLM to design high quality, accessible recreation opportunities. The Autism https://autismnaturetrail.com/

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Nature Trail is a 1-mile looped main trail with eight stations at various intervals, offering a range of experiences from quiet engagement to active exploration and adventure.

To ensure the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail development serves the purpose and need, the

BLM used concepts from the Autism Nature Trail in New York to consult with members of the public, individuals on the autism spectrum, those with sensory processing disorders, and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders for design input. A BLM project manager with accessibility project experience engaged with communities in the Meadowood SRMA vicinity in late 2024; the BLM elicited some helpful feedback regarding the proposed development. Based on this feedback, the BLM decided a field-based workshop would be the best way to engage the public in the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail development. The BLM sent letters to interested parties and posted information in the local paper and on social media.

A field-based workshop was held at the Meadowood SRMA on May 3, 2025. Attendees included those representing the local autism community, local partners, and the public. Participants hiked around the Meadowood SRMA with BLM staff, including an architect and accessibility facilitator. The group convened to discuss possible activity stations and design considerations.

Example renderings of the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail locations and alignment mockups were plotted and posted on tables for public viewing. Mockups of example sensory experience stations were also posted. In addition, a second meeting was held via Microsoft Teams on May

29, 2025, for those who were unable to attend the field-based workshop.

The feedback would help shape design features of the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail ensuring it would promote comfort, independence, and enjoyment for people of all abilities. This collaborative process enhanced the need for thoughtful, flexible design that considers both physical and sensory accessibility. Parents and caregivers shared valuable input about the importance of predictable environments, sensory-friendly features, and areas for rest and calm.

Common suggestions included clear and consistent signage, soft ground surfaces, visual and tactile cues along the path, and quiet zones where visitors can take breaks. Many families also emphasized the value of interactive elements such as musical stations, textured walls, and natural play zones that encourage exploration without overwhelming stimulus.

In addition to external scoping and public input, the BLM also uses an internal scoping process to identify potential significant issues to be analyzed. The principal goals of scoping are to identify issues, concerns, and potential impacts that require detailed analysis. Internal scoping was initiated when the project was presented to the BLM Northeastern States District interdisciplinary (ID) team on February 10, 2025.

The ID team consisted of a Planning and Environmental Coordinator, Planning and

Environmental Specialist, Archaeologist, Natural Resource Specialists, Outdoor Recreation

Planner, BLM architect, and BLM civil engineer. The ID team used various sources of information to prepare the draft EA, including existing data inventories, online resources, comments and feedback generated in community outreach, and information collected onsite through the field-based workshop. Documentation of the physical site characteristics and site conditions relied on aerial imagery, project design maps, and specifications provided by a site

Environmental Assessment 8 visit performed by BLM staff. The ID Team identified eight issues to be analyzed in detail in

Chapter 3 (see Table 1).

Table 1-1. Issues Analyzed in Detail.

RESOURCE AND ISSUE # ISSUE STATEMENT

Recreation and Public

Access - Issue 1

How would the construction of a sensory trail impact public access and recreational opportunity?

Visual Resources – Issue 2

How would the construction of a sensory trail impact the landscape’s visual quality and conform to the BLM visual resource management Class III objectives?

Public Health – Issue 3 How would the construction of a sensory trail impact human health?

Cultural Resources – Issue 4 How would the construction of a sensory trail impact cultural resources?

Terrestrial Wildlife – Issue 5 How would the construction of a sensory trail impact terrestrial wildlife?

Vegetation – Issue 6 How would the construction of a sensory trail impact vegetation?

Soil – Issue 7 How would the construction of a sensory trail impact soil community and structure?

Wetlands – Issue 8 How would construction of a sensory trail impact wetlands?

CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVES

This chapter describes the alternatives that would be analyzed in Chapter 3. This includes a No

Action Alternative, Alternative B – Mustang Meadow Trail Development, and Alternative C –

Enchanted Pond Trail Development. At the end of this chapter, there are descriptions of alternatives that were considered, but eliminated, and the rationale for why these alternatives were not analyzed in detail.

Below is a note and graphic that clarifies project area names. The project area includes:

Environmental Assessment 9

Mustang Trailhead: This refers to the parking area and Mustang Loop Trail access off Harley

Road.

Mustang Meadow: This refers to the grass meadow area within the perimeter of the Mustang

Loop Trail.

Mustang Loop Trail: This refers to a .7-mile loop trail on the perimeter of the Mustang

Meadow. The trail is a combination of mowed meadow grass and two-track trail.

2.1. Alternative A – No Action Alternative

Under the No Action Alternative, an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk would not be developed. A parking area and access road would not be constructed. An all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table would not be installed. Alterations to existing road and trail infrastructure would not occur.

2.2. Developments Common to Alternative B and Alternative C

Under Alternative B and Alternative C, the BLM would authorize the development of the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail, an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk. The

Figure 1. Project Area Names.

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Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would include a designated parking area and access road to be constructed. The BLM would authorize the installation of an all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table.

2.2.1. Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail

Under Alternative B and Alternative C, the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would be constructed of crushed gravel, beginning at the edge of the parking area and extending in an approximately 1-mile loop trail that ends at the same parking area. Approximately halfway through the route, a potential connector trail would be constructed of crushed gravel to provide a shortcut exit back to the parking area to allow for the option of an early exit. Trail design would follow landscape contours and incorporate grade changes to reduce erosion. Trail design would meet ADA and ABA requirements for slope, grade, width, and compaction. In some areas along the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail, the BLM may include up to two trail bridges to facilitate drainage crossing. These bridges would be built to meet accessibility requirements. Natural materials would be prioritized to match the existing aesthetic at Meadowood SRMA.

Use of the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would be limited to people on foot, by wheelchair, or with other mobility aids.

Dog walking is common particularly on the Mustang Loop Trail. However, for the health and safety of visitors, as well as for sanitation reasons, dogs and other pets would not be permitted on the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail except for service animals.

The ongoing Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail administrative access for maintenance would be completed by BLM staff. This would include brush clearing, tree clearing, leaf blowing, and trail resurfacing. Periodic trail resurfacing may be necessary; trail surfacing materials are available from nearby quarries. The BLM would retain administrative motorized access for the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail maintenance activities. All newly built infrastructure would be entered into the BLM’s Facility Asset Management System and would be eligible for future deferred maintenance funds. The infrastructure would include, but is not limited to, new road, trail, trail activity stations, vault toilet, and trailhead kiosk.

2.2.2. Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail Activity Stations

Under Alternative B and Alternative C, the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would include up to six unique activity stations to facilitate experiences. Activity stations would be at regular intervals along the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail. Short spur trails would be constructed off the main trail to provide access to the activity stations.

The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail activity stations would vary in size, material, and design.

The activity stations would be designed to utilize natural materials as much as practicable.

Activity stations would include, but would not be limited to, balancing, texture, learning, building, challenges, creating sound, listening, and reflection. Activity stations could include incorporating water. Different types of sensory stimuli would be engaged including proprioceptive (the sense of limb and bodily position while moving), sight, smell, sound, taste, Environmental Assessment 11 touch, vestibular (the sense of balance and spatial orientation while moving). The Meadowood

Sensory Nature Trail would include several areas separated from the activity stations to allow for solitude, reduce anxiety, reduce crowding, etc.

2.2.3. Bench Seating

To allow for breaks and rest, benches would be installed along the Meadowood Sensory Nature

Trail at regular intervals. Benches would be chosen to match the existing aesthetic within the

Meadowood SRMA and to reduce maintenance needs.

2.2.4. Trailhead Kiosk

Under Alternative B and Alternative C, a trailhead kiosk would be installed. The kiosk would be designed to match the surroundings and to meet the design aesthetic already present at the

Meadowood SRMA. The kiosk would be constructed of natural material, such as wood, stone, or a combination. The kiosk would be installed at the edge of the parking area to clearly indicate the beginning/end point of the trail. The kiosk entryway would display the Meadowood Sensory

Nature Trail name prominently and would include a Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail map, rules, and guidance for trail use. Since the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would be limited to people on foot, by wheelchair, or with other mobility aids, the kiosk would clearly state that non-

ADA bicycles, motorized recreational vehicles, and equestrian use is prohibited.

2.2.5. Parking Area

Under Alternative B and Alternative C, a crushed gravel parking area would be constructed. The parking area would include parking spaces with no less than eight standard spaces, a minimum of four ABA compliant spaces, and at least one pull-through space for a standard school bus. ABA compliant spaces would be at least 12 feet wide x 20 feet long with a 5-foot-wide access aisle.

Standard parking spaces would be at least 10 feet wide x 20 feet long. Pull-through parking would be at least 14 feet wide x 40 feet long. For safety and ease of access, the parking area would be one way, looping back onto the access road. Parking spaces would include barriers.

ABA compliant spaces and oversize vehicle parking would be signed. ABA compliant spaces would be located immediately adjacent to the trailhead. The crushed stone parking area would directly connect to the crushed stone trail. The parking area and Meadowood Sensory Nature

Trail would be designed to meet ADA and ABA requirements for slope, grade, width, and compaction.

2.2.6. Vault Toilet Facilities

Alternative B and Alternative C would include the installation of a double vault toilet for the use of all recreational visitors. The vault toilet would be located along the edge of, and connected to, the parking area. The vault toilet would either be a standard tan or a choice of BLM standard environment that is most suited to the surroundings. The vault toilet would include an ADA toilet riser, ADA grab bars, waste cleanout hatch, 1,000-gallon concrete waste vault, and an inside adult changing table. The adult changing table would be wall-mounted in one of the stalls of the

Environmental Assessment 12 double vault restroom. A fold-down, stainless steel model would be prioritized for durability. If needed, a concrete ramp between the parking area and vault restroom may be installed.

2.2.7. Signs

Under Alternative B and Alternative C, signs would be utilized to direct visitors to the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail parking area. Interpretative signage would be installed along the trail network and near the activity stations. Signs would also be used to alert visitors of the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail alone zones. The sign bases would be constructive of natural material, such as wood, stone, or a combination.

An entrance road sign would be installed with the trailhead name and address. The entrance road sign would be installed at the edge of the access point to clearly indicate the entrance of the trailhead. The entrance sign would match the existing entrance road signs at the Meadowood

SRMA. The entrance road sign’s base would be constructive of natural material, such as wood, stone, or a combination. All signings would follow BLM sign guidelines (National Sign

Handbook H-9130-1).

2.2.8. Design Features

Under Alternative B and Alternative C, the following design features would be implemented by the BLM to mitigate concerns.

• The BLM would adopt Fairfax County BMPs to meet state and county stormwater management requirements (Fairfax County, Virginia – Code of Ordinances, 2023).

Examples of these BMPs include dry and wet swales, grass channels, sheet flow to open space, rain gardens, and other features.

• The parking area, access road, and trail design would incorporate the BLM’s Guidelines for a Quality Built Environment (BLM 2010).

• The BLM would use locally sourced crushed gravel for trail development, parking area, and access road development to match the aesthetic of existing trailhead parking areas.

• Any vegetation cleared during the construction process would be piled or lopped and scattered to reduce fuel load.

• To reduce impacts on grassland-obligate birds, the BLM would avoid construction during the bird breeding season and/or conduct bird breeding surveys prior to construction.

• Anywhere Mustang Loop Trail sections are converted to an access road, the BLM would relocate these trail sections parallel to the access road, allowing vegetation to grow between the road and trail to limit contrast from the access road development.

• The BLM would favor standard environmental colors for the vault toilet and trail entryway; darker shades are preferred to reduce contrast.

• Natural materials and standard environmental colors would be favored for activity stations, particularly for metal surfaces.

• As much as practicable, use topography and vegetative screening (such as existing trees) to limit parking area, access road, and vault toilet visibility.

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• Tree and vegetation removal would be limited as much as practicable.

• Site selection would be done strategically to reduce visibility from surrounding roads and property.

Figure 2. Potential Trail and Trailhead Locations

2.3. Alternative B – Mustang Meadow Trail Development

Under Alternative B, the BLM would authorize the development of the Meadowood Sensory

Nature Trail, an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk. The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would include a designated parking area and access road to be constructed. The BLM would authorize the installation of an all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table.

Visitors would enter the Mustang Loop parking area off Harley Road. An access road spur would be constructed off the Mustang Loop parking area; there would be signs to indicate the direction to the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail parking area. To create the spur, the southern portion of the existing two-track trial portion of the Mustang Loop Trail would be converted to crushed gravel (Figure 3).

Alternative B would include relocating portions of the existing Mustang Loop Trail, which is a

.7-mile trail open to hiking and equestrian use that begins and ends at the Mustang Trailhead.

The Mustang Loop Trail would be rerouted parallel to the new access road. Trail realignment would involve meadow grass mowing and brush removal but would not include additional ground disturbance. Meadow grasses would be allowed to grow surrounding the access road to provide visual screening. The amount of trail realignment would vary by the exact location of the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail, parking area, and access road. A vegetative screen would be

Alternative B

Alternative C

Environmental Assessment 14 utilized to keep the Mustang Loop Trail and the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail entirely separate. Visitors would be able to access each trail separately, use their chosen trail, and depart without interaction with other trail user types.

Figure 3. These are conceptual drawings showing possible placement of the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail and access road at Mustang Meadow. These were created as a mockup for the workshops to provide a visual for the public.

2.4. Alternative C – Proposed Action – Enchanted Pond Trail Development

Under Alternative C, the BLM would authorize the development of the Meadowood Sensory

Nature Trail, an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk. The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would include a designated parking area and access road to be constructed. The BLM would authorize the installation of an all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table.

Visitors would enter near Enchanted Pond off Gunston Road. To create the access road from

Gunston Road, the western portion of the existing Mustang Loop Trail would be converted from a two-track trail to crushed gravel to create an access road to the Meadowood Sensory Nature

Trail and parking area (Figure 4).

Alternative C would include relocating portions of the existing Mustang Loop Trail, which is a

.7-mile trail open to hiking and equestrian use that begins and ends at the Mustang Trailhead.

The Mustang Loop Trail would be rerouted parallel to the new access road. Trail realignment would involve meadow grass mowing and brush removal but would not include additional ground disturbance. Meadow grasses would be allowed to grow surrounding the access road to provide visual screening. The amount of trail realignment would vary by the exact location of the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail, parking area, and access road. A vegetative screening would be utilized to separate sections of trail within Mustang Meadow.

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Figure 4. These are conceptual drawings showing possible placement of the Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail and access road at Enchanted Pond. These were created as a mockup for the workshops to provide a visual for the public.

2.5. Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Analysis

2.5.1. Hidden Pond Trail Development

The Hidden Pond Trail was considered because of the proximity to an existing accessible trail, existing accessible dock, existing trailhead parking, and varied landscapes. The site was eliminated from detailed analysis due to proximity with

Belmont Road and limited parking access. It was also determined that the site was not of sufficient size to support the proposed Meadowood Sensory

Nature Trail development.

2.5.2. Giles Meadow Trail Development

The Giles Meadow Trail was considered because of the existing trail, trailhead parking, and varied landscapes. The site was eliminated from detailed analysis due to proximity with the mountain bike trails. There were safety concerns with having an accessible trail near existing mountain bike trails.

Figure 5. Locations of All Areas Considered for the

Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail

Environmental Assessment 16

CHAPTER 3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS

This chapter defines the scope of analysis of the existing conditions relevant to the resource issue presented in Table 1 in Section 1.6 and discloses the direct and indirect environmental effects that may result from the No Action Alternative, Alternative B – Mustang Meadow Trail

Development, or Alternative C – Enchanted Pond Trail Development.

3.1. Issue 1: Recreation and Public Access

3.1.1. Affected Environment

Recreation

The Meadowood SRMA is approximately 25 miles south of Washington D.C. on the Mason

Neck peninsula. Stretching across approximately 804 acres of public lands, the Meadowood

SRMA offers 13.4 miles of hiking trails, 7 miles of horseback riding trails, 6.6 miles of mountain biking trails, and all-inclusive trails to Hidden Pond and the Outside Education Classroom. The site also offers two fishing ponds, environmental education programs, horse boarding stables, geocaching, picnic areas, pollinator garden, bird watching sites, and special recreation events such as running, bicycle racing, and model control line airplane flying.

The BLM uses the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum to provide a framework for integrating recreation opportunities and non-recreation activities on public lands to make land use decisions in terms of setting, activity, and experience. The BLM’s approach applies criteria to a land area's physical, social, and managerial parameters to describe the existing conditions that define a land area's capability and suitability for providing a particular range of recreational experience opportunities. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum framework helps provide guidance to ensure recreational opportunities are provided for a wide range of users.

The continuum has six classes, from primitive (least developed) to urban (most developed); the

Meadowood SRMA is rated as Urban. The Urban class is defined as: “Area is characterized by a substantially urbanized environment, although the background may have natural-appealing elements. High levels of human activity and concentrated development, including recreation opportunities, are prevalent. Developed sites, roads and other recreation opportunities are designed for high use.”

Public Access

The Meadowood SRMA is used year-round and is a day-use only site open dawn to dusk daily.

There are six trailhead parking areas including the one at the LPFS office. Trailhead parking areas are all crushed gravel except for the LPFS office parking area, which is paved. Appendix C shows a map with these trailheads and access points. Visitation peaks on weekends, during special events, and is busiest during the spring through fall season.

Between 2022 and 2024, the average estimated annual visitation to Meadowood SRMA was

46,419. It must be noted that due to multiple, unmanned, access points, visitation figures are

Environmental Assessment 17 estimates. The average estimated annual visitation for the Mustang Loop Trail was 11,003.

Please note these figures do not include visitors to the Meadowood Stables.

Table 3-1. Meadowood SRMA Visitation

Fiscal Year Meadowood Total Visitation Mustang Loop Trail Visitation

FY22 47235 12686

FY23 44259 9489

FY24 47762 10833

Average 46419 11003

3.1.2. Environmental Impacts

3.1.2.1. Impacts of Alternative A – No Action Alternative

Under the No Action Alternative, an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk would not be developed. A parking area and access road would not be constructed. An all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table would not be installed. Alterations to existing road and trail infrastructure would not occur. The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would not be developed; therefore, public land users, individuals on the autism spectrum, those with sensory processing disorders, and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders would continue to face outdoor recreation access barriers, preventing those individuals from having outdoor recreation experiences.

3.1.2.2. Impacts Common to Alternative B and Alternative C

Recreation

The Meadowood SRMA is an area offering unique, important, distinctive recreation opportunities, and recreational development, which represents development that fits both the

SRMA designation as well as the urban setting characteristic. The proposed development would provide additional recreational opportunity for all public land users, individuals on the autism spectrum, those with sensory processing disorders, and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders. The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would provide a unique recreation opportunity unlike other trails already offered at the Meadowood SRMA.

The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would provide additional environmental education opportunities. The development would serve as an outdoor classroom with Meadowood SRMA staff and outside educators able to provide additional programming for youth visitors.

3.1.2.3. Impacts Specific to Alternative B – Mustang Meadow Trail Development

Under the Alternative B, the BLM would authorize the development of the Meadowood Sensory

Nature Trail, an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk. The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail

Environmental Assessment 18 would include a designated parking area and access road to be constructed. The BLM would authorize the installation of an all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table.

Alternative B would include alteration of existing roads and trails.

There would be short-term impacts to recreation opportunity. Trail development would include relocating portions of the existing Mustang Loop Trail; therefore, southern portions of the

Mustang Loop Trail would be closed during the two-track trail to access road conversion.

Rerouting the Mustang Loop Trail prior to the access road conversion could mitigate this impact.

However, rerouting the trail parallel to the road would result in a small reduction in the Mustang

Loop Trail length, although the change would be minimal.

3.1.2.4. Impacts Specific to Alternative C – Enchanted Pond Trail Development

Under Alternative C, the BLM would authorize the development of the Meadowood Sensory

Nature Trail an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk. The Meadowood Sensory Nature Trail would include a designated parking area and access road to be constructed. The BLM would authorize the installation of an all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table.

Alternative C would include alteration of existing roads and trails.

There would be short-term impacts to recreation opportunity. Trail development would include relocating portions of the existing Mustang Loop Trail; therefore, northern portions of the

Mustang Loop Trail would be closed during the two-track trail to access road conversion.

Rerouting the Mustang Loop Trail prior to conversions could mitigate this impact. Rerouting the

Mustang Loop Trail parallel to the access road would result in a small reduction in trail length, although the change would be minimal.

Currently, no dedicated parking area for the Enchanted Pond exists. A parking area and access road in this vicinity would benefit fishers and others desiring easier access to Enchanted Pond.

Environmental Assessment 19

3.2. Issue 2: Visual Resource Management

3.2.1. Affected Environment

The Mustang Loop Trail, which is on the perimeter of Mustang Meadow, is surrounded by forest in the south and west with trail access to Thompson Creek

Trail and Enchanted Pond from Mustang Loop Trail from the north. East and northwest edges of the

Mustang Meadow border private land. The project area includes two access points; one is where the

Mustang Loop Trail intersects Gunston Road by

Enchanted Pond, and the other is adjacent to the existing Mustang trailhead area via Harley Road.

Figure 6 offers a visual reference for the project area.

The characteristic landscape mosaic contains a variety of terrains, vegetation, and wildlife. These include gently sloping open meadows, mature hardwood forests along steep slopes and floodplains, riparian areas, ponds, streams, and numerous drainages. Red and white oak, beech, sweet gum, Virginia pine, and American holly are representative of the forest. Meadows are former cropland now dominated by meadow grasses. Meadow grasses vary in height with some areas mowed for trail and recreational access. The streams and riparian areas host a wide variety of insects, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Dragonflies and butterflies are abundant at ponds, meadows, and edge habitat. Deer, fox, and squirrel, as well as a variety of migratory and songbirds can be seen.

Two publicly traveled roads are adjacent to the project area – Gunston Road (Virginia State

Route 242) and Harley Road, a lesser traveled residential spur road. Along the outer portion of the project area there are black/gray three-rail wooden fences that run parallel to both roads.

A large sage green metal pavilion shelter is visible throughout the project area. Other built elements that are visible from the project area include scattered picnic tables, benches, bird feeders, informational signings, and the existing crushed gravel parking area for Mustang Loop

Trail.

Colors in the project area vary by season. Light and dark green colors dominate in spring and summer. During autumn and winter, the deciduous trees reveal autumn colors before dropping their leaves and creating a more open landscape. Meadow vegetation changes from greens and yellows to tans and browns for the winter season.

Figure 6. Map of the Affected Environment for Visual

Resource Management

Environmental Assessment 20

There are no artificial sources of light within the project area. The closest artificial light sources are streetlights along Gunston Road and vehicle headlights along Gunston Road and Harley

Road. Travelers along these roads would have views of portions of the project area. Common travelers include recreationists and those that live and work in the vicinity.

Visual Resource Management System

The BLM uses the Visual Resource Management (VRM) system to inventory and manage visual resources of BLM-managed lands. The primary objective is to minimize visual impacts of proposed projects and activities on public lands. The BLM’s VRM program includes a standardized system to review BLM-managed land actions for resource management plan conformance. Visual contrast rating worksheets are completed to determine if a project conforms to the resource management plan.

The Meadowood SRMA is managed to meet the VRM Class III objective, which is defined as to partially retain the existing character of the landscape. The level of change to the characteristic landscape should be moderate. Management activities may attract attention but should not dominate the view of the casual observer. Changes should repeat the basic elements of form, line, color, and texture found in the predominant natural features of the characteristic landscape (BLM

1986a).

Contrast Rating Analysis

Visual contrast rating is the process by which the BLM assesses visual impacts. Key observation points (KOPs) are chosen where the project area would be most visible to the public. From these

KOPs, BLM staff complete contrast rating worksheets using visual simulations to guide the assessment. Contrast ratings are made by comparing the basic elements of form, line, color, and texture of the of the existing landscape with the proposed development and expected future condition.

The results of the visual contrast rating for each KOP include a determination of the level of visual contrast associated with the project for each of the four design elements. Contrast is rated weak to strong. This assessment is the basis for determining whether or not the proposed project conforms to the BLM’s VRM objectives and allowable levels of change assigned to the project area. The completed visual contrast rating forms are in Appendix D.

KOP Locations

KOP 1 is located along Gunston Road, between the Enchanted Pond access road and Harley

Road. This area was chosen to simulate the view passing drivers would have of the Enchanted

Pond Trail Development project area. Photos 1 and 2 in Appendix D show photos taken facing the proposed Enchanted Pond access road and the proposed Enchanted Pond project area under consideration. Photo 3 in Appendix D is a viewshed analysis. Green shading shows what would be visible from 2 meters height, the approximate viewing height of a passing motorist.

Environmental Assessment 21

KOP 2 is located along Harley Road immediately adjacent to the Mustang Trailhead parking area entrance. This area was chosen to simulate the view passing drivers and drivers entering the parking area would have of the Mustang Meadow project area. Photos 4 and 5 in Appendix D are taken from the road and the parking area entrance facing the Mustang Meadow project area.

Photo 6 in Appendix D is the viewshed analysis. Green shading shows what would be visible from 2 meters height, the approximate viewing height of a passing motorist.

3.2.2. Environmental Impacts

3.2.2.1. Impacts of the Alternative A – No Action Alternative

Under the No Action Alternative, an approximately 1-mile accessible sensory trail with a potential connector trail, up to six activity stations, bench seating, and trailhead kiosk would not be developed. A parking area and access road would not be constructed. An all-inclusive vault toilet with an inside adult changing table would not be installed. Alterations to existing road and trail infrastructure would not occur. The impacts to visual contrast would remain unchanged.

3.2.2.2. Impacts Specific to Alternative B – Mustang Meadow Trail Development

Under Alternative B,…