Appendix_B_KAHO_Park_map_and_dumpster_location.pdf

E Komo Mai (Welcome)

Since long before written history, a strong spirit of life has flowed through this land and the water that washes upon its shore. Hawaiians saw this spirit in the pools of water fresh enough to drink, the ocean animals to catch for food, the plants to shape into shelters. And so they settled here. They lived makai— on the beach and lava fields—harvesting food from the sea; they lived mauka—upland where enough

Honu Sea turtles, called honu by Hawaiians, live here year-round. This green sea turtle rests before returning to the water to feed on limu (seaweed).

Fish hook ‘Ama‘ama (striped mullet)

‘Ai‘ōpio Fishtrap Hawaiians improved this natural fishtrap with walls built of lava (top). Fish that are caught, like ‘Ama‘ama or striped mullet (below), are held in fishponds.

rain fell to grow taro and banana. They traveled the mauka-makai trails to share their harvests. They lived by kapu—laws that protected the food and water. Their way of living in harmony with the land and sea changed little for centuries, and then almost disappeared. Today the Hawaiian spirit is strong again, and is celebrated and nurtured here at Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park.

Shore dwellers find subsistence in the sea

UA OLA NO O KAI IA KAI

Early on, Hawaiians discovered how to use ponds and bays for catching and farming fish. At Kaloko-Honoköhau they created loko—fishponds and a fishtrap—to collect and raise food. Strict kapu decreed when these fish could be harvested, such as when ocean fish were scarce. With this secure source of food, Hawaiians lived well here.

Today fishing continues, using tradi-tional and modern ways—including fish hooks like the one shown above.

This loko pu‘uone (sand berm fishpond) sheltered aquatic life behind the dunes.

Hawaiians built enclosures along the far-inland shore to hold fish that they wanted to keep for food. They also dug channels from the pond to the ocean to allow water to flow in and out with the tides. Sedges and other aquatic plants line the pond, creating nesting places for rare native birds like ae‘o (Hawaiian stilt, above) and ‘alae ke‘oke‘o (Hawaiian coot).

Early residents raised the natural lava wall on the bay side to create a loko ‘ume iki (fishtrap). They placed nets across the openings to catch the fish as they swam in or out with the changing tides and currents. At low tide, you can see the stone pens built to hold fish.

The large rock platform (upper left in photo) was the site of the Pu‘uoina Heiau (temple). The heiau signified the importance of this fishtrap and the two fishponds.

Strength and spirit flow through this loko kuapā (walled fishpond) and its massive stone wall. The kuapā absorbs wave energy and allows water through.

With changing tides, fish swim in and out of the pond through the ‘auwai kai

(channel). A mākāhā (sluice gate) prevents passage of larger fish.

Peter Keka (photo, holding rock) who was born and raised in this area, was the master mason for restoring the Kaloko kuapā.

Loko (Fishponds and Fishtraps)

The people of Hawai‘i and the National Park Service welcome you to Kaloko-Honoköhau National Histori-cal Park, which was established in 1978. We invite you to explore the park, enjoying its natural beauty and visiting sites that still speak of the Hawaiian people who thrived here for centuries.

Walking the Park’s Trails

• Ala Mauka Makai is the park’s most popular trail. It connects the visitor center and Hono-köhau Beach. Pass old ranch structures and native loulu palms. Take a short side trail to see ki‘i pöhaku (petroglyphs).

Rough and uneven; 0.9 miles.

• The coastal trail is part of Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail.

This portion goes along the sand beach and through dense vegetation to ‘Aimakapä and Kaloko fishponds. Look for heiau and house platforms, sea turtles along the shore, and shorebirds flying overhead.

Continue behind Kaloko Fish-pond to Wäwahiwa‘a Point.

The trail is on soft sand and rough lava. 1.4 miles from ‘Ai‘öpio Fishtrap to Kaloko Fishpond; 1.7 miles if you continue to Wäwahiwa‘a Point.

(Trail continues beyond park.)

• Walk across a 2,000-year-old lava flow on the rugged Māmalahoa Trail, which was used for cattle and horses.

• Ala Hu‘ehu‘e, an old ranch road, gives you an idea of the paths people traveled from makai to mauka.

Ocean and Beach Recreation Enjoy fishing, snorkeling, surf-ing, and swimming. To protect cultural sites, please do not dig or move the sand or rocks.

Looking for Wildlife At Kaloko Fishpond, look for ae‘o (stilt) and auku‘u (night heron). ‘Aimakapā Fishpond is a nesting area for ae‘o and

‘alae ke‘oke‘o (Hawaiian coot) and a winter home for other birds. Along the shore, look for sea turtles and shorebirds.

Regulations and Safety Treat this sacred area with respect. • Federal law protects all cultural and natural objects in the park. • Stay on desig-nated trails. • Bathing in anchialine pools is prohibited.

• Do not collect shells or rocks.

• Do not disturb wildlife or plants, including in tidepools.

• Firearms regulations and fishing guidelines are on the park website. • Pets must be restrained and under control by a leash no longer than six feet.

• Enjoy picnics, but do not use open fires or glass containers.

• Wear sturdy shoes on trails.

• Check at the visitor center for warnings about high surf, cur-rents, or storms. • Wear sun protection and bring plenty of water.

Accessibility We strive to make our facilities, services, and programs accessible to all. For informa-tion go to the visitor center, call, or check the park website.

Emergencies call 911

Related Sites Explore traditional Hawaiian life at other National Park sites on this island: Pu‘uhonua o Hönaunau National Historical Park, Pu‘uko holä Heiau National Historic Site, Ala Kahakai Na-tional Historic Trail, and Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park.

More Information Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park is one of over 400 parks in the National Park System. To learn more about national parks, visit www.nps.gov.

Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park 73-4786 Kana lani St., #14 Kailua-Kona, HI 96740-2600 808-329-6881 www.nps.gov/kaho

Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park is on the west coast of the island of Hawai‘i, on Queen Ka‘ahumanu High-way (Hwy. 19) between Kona International Airport and Kailua-Kona, near mile marker

97. Stop first at Hale Ho‘okipa, the visitor center, open 8:30 am to 4 pm daily. From there you can walk a trail to the beach or drive to the other two park entrances.

The reverse logo is centered in the rulled box above. Place in the frame so the rule is not visible.

‘AI‘ŌPIO FISHTRAP

‘AIMAKAPÄ FISHPOND

KALOKO FISHPOND

© NATHAN YUEN

© WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / DCRJSR

HÄNA CULTURAL CENTER

Kaloko-Honokōhau National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Kaloko-Honoköhau National Historical Park Hawaii

✩GPO:20xx—xxx-xxx/xxxxx New in 20xx Printed on recycled paper.

http://www.nps.gov http://www.nps.gov/kaho http://www.nationalparks.org

The Spirit of Kaloko-Honokohau

What happens on the mountain, happens in the sea

Water is the dynamic thread that ties the environ ment together. The land, sea, and sky act as carriers for this valuable resource and make possible human settlement. Hawaiians, perceiving the necessity of water on isolated islands, oriented their land-sea use patterns to the water cycle. Their land divisions, called ahupua‘a, extended from the mountain to the sea. They recognized that all of its elements were interdependent: What affected the mauka (toward the mountain) regions, affected the makai (toward the sea); what affected the neighboring ahupua‘a affected it; what affected the land affected the fishponds and the sea. What affected the water cycle affected the total environment.

This is the way it was and is at Kaloko-Honokohau.

Text from "The Spirit of Kaloko-Honokohau," written in 1974 to explain why this area is so important to Hawaiians.

THE ANCIENT WORLD SURROUNDS YOU Here is the historic site of an entire community, not just a few tokens of the Hawaiian culture life emphasized sharing and cooperating, not competing.

Through this system of kokua (helping), Hawaiians honored the spirit of Kaloko-Honokohau makai year round; other aliT came for certain seasons or ceremonies. Most people lived mauka, where they tended gardens, gathered materials, and traded with people from other ahupua'a. Their way of

This painting shows life along the coast in the late 1700s. Other than Kaloko Fishpond (above), the painting does not show a specific area in the park.

4 At the shore, both fresh and saltwater seep into the tv/o fish ponds and smaller anchialine pools. ‘Opae ‘ula (red shrimp,?

left) live in anchialine pools and few other small bodies of water.

WAO KULA cultivated areas 48 inches rain ***** 1,600-3,600 feet elevation In this agricultural zone, people raised crops and harvested forest foods. They also gardened in the porous lava soil by using mala'ai (planters) to conserve water and shelter plants.

MAKAI coastal 19 inches rain

Sea level to 1,600 feet Here, Hawaiians gathered food from the sea, fishponds, and from plants like niu (coconut palm). 4

KA WAI A KANE

Aia i hea ka wai a Kane?

Puka iha‘eha‘e, kau ka la iluna

E mai ana mai nihoa, i Kona kai ‘opua

Ma ka mole mai o lehua, mai hohonu i ka honua

I laila ka wai a Kane.

Kane (the Hawaiian god of fresh water) provided plenty of drink ing water for the people living on the coast. They found it in freshwater springs and brackish anchialine (an-kee-uh-line) pools.

Nov/ these waters are either

WATER, GIVER OF LIFE

Where are the waters of Kane?

Rising in the sky, the sun is above In the wavy rising vapor, the cumulus clouds of Kona In the tap root of the lehua tree, from deep in the earth There is the water of Kane.

gone or too salty. They may be getting saltier because of declin ing rainfall, rising sea level, and groundwater pumping. How will this affect the spirit of Kaloko- Honokohau?

1 Most mornings,warm and moist air from the

The park lies at the base of five ahupua'a that begin upland on the mountain Hualalai. Ancient

Hawaiians ensured each land division had the plants, ani mals, and water they needed.

sea moves uphill.

2 By midday, clouds usually bring mist or rain to the forested uplands. Most of the water seeps underground and flov hill, eventually reachir lov/er lands.

WAO NAHELE forest uplands 55 inches rain ****** 3,600-5,200 feet elevation People came here to gather wood for canoes and feathers for capes, helmets, and other royal objects.

3 Midway on the mountain, fresh water comes from rain and a few underground sources. It is enough to grow crops like kalo (taro, left), ‘uala (sweet potato), ko (sugar cane), and ‘ulu (breadfruit).

WAO AKUA above treeline 25 inches rain *** Above 5,200 feet elevation

With mala'ai, Hawaiians could grow food in this hot, dry environment.

Mala'ai Built of lava rock, mala'ai (planters) were built to keep soil shaded and moist.

Trails A Hawaiian family walks on an ancestral trail. They represent more than seven generations of their family who have cared for this wahi pana (legendary place).

Ki‘i pohaku Carved in rock, ki'i pohaku (petroglyphs) speak from early and more recent times. KiT pohaku in the park include European guns amid more traditional images.

'Auwai kai Lava rocks line the ‘auwai kai (channel) connecting the fishpond with open v/ater.

Small fish can pass through a makaha (sluice gate) in the ‘auwai kai; larger fish cannot.

Pohuehue

AU IMOTOS—M’S I KAHO UNLESS OTHERWISE CREDITED; IUUSTRAROH—APS/ JOHN DAWSON

Maiapilo

KO KULA UKA, KO KULA KAI

In the Ahupua(a Deep-sea fishermen, seaweed gatherers, poi pounders, net weavers, fish hook carvers. All these people provided for the ali‘i (chiefs) who governed the ahupua'a and the island. Some ali‘i lived

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