Appendix (2) CFA Presentation Decorative Gates.pdf

U.S. Commission of Fine Arts

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

March 7, 2024 | 2

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Contents

PROJECT SITE

Featured Artist Bronze Gate Precedents Artist Gate Design Principle— Mauka (Mountain) To Makai (Ocean) Artist Gate Locations Artist Gate Elevations South/Makai (Ocean) Key Motifs North/Mauka (Mountain) Key Motifs Paving Pattern Precedents New Entrance Paver Pattern Appendix A: Concept Explorations

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Summary ABMC currently seeks to provide educational displays of the Honolulu Memorial within the National Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. The Honolulu Memorial is the only ABMC Memorial within a cemetery in the United States and is an extremely significant property listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The location of this proposed Interpretive Center is to the back of the Memorial in deference to the significance of the Memorial.

The project received revised final design approval in September 2023. Since this time, ABMC has identified an artist, Cory Kamehanaokalā Holt Taum, to assist with the creation of a work of art for each of the entrances. Building upon the precedent of the existing gates/screens in the Chapel, multiple designs and Hawaiian motifs were explored in the development of the designs to tie the sacrifice of the fallen to the site.

As the designs of the entry gates were being developed, this submission proposes changes to the paving on the plaza immediately outside the entrances to both support the design of the gates and to be consistent with other paving on site are proposed herein.

The design of the gates and the paving reinforce the design of the site and further to support the Interpretive Center for the Honolulu Memorial. ABMC is seeking a further revised final design approval for these elements.

Background The National Cemetery of the Pacific is a Nationally Registered historic site and sits within, Puʻowaina, a culturally significant landmark in Hawaiʻi. Geologically, Puʻowaina is an extinct volcanic tuff cone, formed 75,000 to 100,000 years ago.

Puʻowaina most often translates to “Hill of Sacrifice” a place many believe human sacrifices were conducted at heiau (temples) along the south slopes of the crater. Nothing remains of these heiau today.

Tunnels and batteries were constructed towards the end of World War II and the cemetery was constructed in the 1950s.

Today, the crater is often referred to as Punchbowl due to its shape and is a landmark on the landscape of Honolulu. It is the resting place of many of the heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice for the freedom we can enjoy today.

The Courts of the Missing within the ABMC Memorial recognize those who are missing in action from World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The Interpretive Center will tell the stories of these service members.

U.S. flags flank the chapel altar.

Half-courts A and B display names of the missing during the Vietnam War.

Court 8

Court 6

Court 4

Court 2

Court B al the memorial are eight courts of the World War II missing from the Pacific, missing from the Korean War. Half missing from the Vietnam War. The ries with mosaic maps describing es.

military service as shown in the table below:

Honolulu Memorial

AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION

ENGLISH

American Battle Monuments Commission This agency of the United States government operates and maintains 26 American cemeteries and 30 memorials, monuments and markers in 17 countries. The Commission works to fulfill the vision of its first chairman, General of the Armies John J. Pershing.

Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I, promised that “time will not dim the glory of their deeds.”

Honolulu Memorial The memorial was established by the American Battle Monuments Commission to honor the sacrifices and achievements of American armed forces in the Pacific during World War II and the Korean War.

The memorial grew in 1980 to include the Missing of the Vietnam War.

The Department of Veterans Affairs administers the cemetery.

Vietnam War Courts

4, 6, 8 Army B

8 Marine Corps A 8 Navy B

— Coast Guard B

8 Air Force A “Time will not dim the glory of their deeds.”

- General of the Armies John J. Pershing

American Battle Monuments Commission 2300 Clarendon Boulevard Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22201

USA

National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific 2177 Puowaina Drive, Honolulu, HI 96813 tel 808-532-3720 gps N21 18.679 W157 50.670

For more information on this site and other ABMC commemorative sites, please visit www.abmc.gov For more information about the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific and other locations maintained by the Department of Veterans Affairs, please visit www.cem.va.gov

January 2019

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Featured Artist Cory Kamehanaokalā Holt Taum

Cory Kamehanaokalā Holt Taum is a Kānaka ʻŌiwi artist that lives and works in Hawaiʻi. He is an active mural artist and cultural practitioner sourcing his inspiration from the stories and teachings of the past and their relevance in today’s drastically changing Hawaiʻi. Cory is fascinated with the bold, and powerful visual forms and patterns developed by the original people of Hawaiʻi.

He is best known for his iconic paintings throughout Hawaiʻi that hope to celebrate and remember famous places as his ancestors have always done through mele and many other forms of expression. Cory has worked on numerous large scale community murals as well as participated in multiple artist-in-residencies and international mural festivals throughout the pacific.

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Bronze Gate Precedents

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

MAKAI (OCEAN)

MAUKA (MOUNTAIN)

Artist Gates Design Principle Mauka to Makai Concept

The concept of “Mauka to Makai” describes the understanding of the interconnectedness of all life forms from the uplands to the sea. “Mauka” translates to “toward the uplands” and “Makai” is toward the sea. This was also the path of the life-giving water, that begins with the rain and aquifers in the uplands, which then flows down streams to enter back into the ocean, where it will evaporate into clouds and continue the cycle. Within the traditional society the people that lived near the ocean traded fish with those who lived in the uplands, who trade taro and other food crops.

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

NEW SOUTH

BUILDING

NEW NORTH

BUILDING

NORTH/ MAUKA

(MOUNTAIN)

SOUTH/ MAKAI

(OCEAN)

NEW GATE

LOCATION

NEW GATE

LOCATION

NOT TO SCALE

NOT TO SCALE

New Interpretive Center Artist Gate Locations

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Artist Gate Elevations

NORTH/MAUKA (MOUNTAIN)

BRONZE

METAL

CASTED

GLASS

BRONZE

METAL

CASTED

GLASS

SOUTH/MAKAI (OCEAN) SCALE: 1/4” = 1’-0”

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Manu-o-Kū (White Tern) Within Hawaiian seafaring traditions, the Manu-o-Kū was a sign that land was near. The Manu-o-Kū flies out to sea in the morning to search for food and then return in the evening. The Manu-o-Kū also shares a story of resilience in modern times. Since the 1960s, this native Hawaiian seabird has established a population within the urban setting of Honolulu. The Manu-o-Kū motif symbolizes as a guide to return to land and carries this narrative of leading soldiers to their final resting place within the Punchbowl memorial.

Hala (Pandanus Tree) & Leihala (Flower Garland) The literal meaning of “Hala” is to pass, to pass as time, or to pass away. The border pattern incorporated into the design is a stylization of a Leihala, a type of flower garland.

Specifically, the fruit of the Hala (Pandanus tree) is cut and prepared in this way. This fruit-woven garland shares the layered meaning of Hala, as it is appropriate for funerals or for other interpretations of elapsed time.

Kai (Ocean) There was much significance of the ocean within practices surrounding Hawaiian death customs. The ocean area of Kewalo, beneath Punchbowl, also played a role within the religious practices that took place near the crater. In this respect, it refers to the traditional Hawaiian context and the “sacrifices” that began in the ocean at Kewalo and ended up the hill at Puʻowaina.

CC

A

A

B B

South/Makai (Ocean) Key Motifs

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

ʻOhiʻa Lehua The Lehua motif acknowledges the ancient history of this iconic crater where the ABMC is situated. The ʻOhiʻa Lehua was one of first plants to recolonize otherwise barren lands blanketed in lava. The motif metaphorically suggests rebirth, or the new life that emerges after the destructive forces of the lava flow. It is a hard wood and was used for religious images, spears, mallets, and other implements. The word Lehua can refer figuratively to a warrior. Additionally, it also refers to the first man slain in sacrifice on a particular occasion.

Koʻolau Mountain Range The design at the top of the gate represents the Koʻolau mountain range as viewed from Puʻowaina. The pattern of the Koʻolau Mountain Range provides a balance with the other set of doors and shares the importance of the “Mountain to the Sea” concept. This principle within Hawaiian culture teaches us that everything is connected and codependent upon each other for survival.

Moena Lauhala Traditional Hawaiian houses covered its floors with these woven mats, as it represents a final resting place for the soldiers and embraces the shared meaning of hala.

Niho (Tooth) This stylized pattern derives after a shark tooth, as it was often utilized in Hawaiian weapons. This suggests the ferocity of the fighting chiefs and expresses their role as protectors.

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

North/Mauka (Mountain) Key Motifs

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

SOUTH/MAKAI (OCEAN) CLOSED SOUTH/MAKAI (OCEAN) OPEN

Artist Gates Exterior View

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

NORTH/MAUKA (MOUNTAIN) CLOSED NORTH/MAUKA (MOUNTAIN) OPEN

Artist Gates Exterior View

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

7'-0"

4' -0

3' -0

19'-9"

NEW SOUTH BUILDING

LINE OF EXIST RESTRO

TO BE REMOVED

XX

A-50X

NEW PORPHYRY PAVERS

'-0

0"

H1 A-50

A1 A-506

2' -8

4" 4"

4" 4"

4" 4"

4" 4"

6' -0

3' -4

R=4'-0"

R=4'-0"

PORPHYRY STONES -

3 1/2" X 3 1/2" X MIN 1" DEEP VARIEGATED

CHISELED BLOCKS, TYP

MATCH EXISTING COLORS

ST-1

R=1'-4"

PORPHYRY STONES - RANDOM SIZES AND SHAPES:

4-SIDED SHAPES, MAX SIZE 3 1/2" X 3 1/2", MIN SIZE 1

SQ INCH AREA. ARRANGE SO THAT GROUT AREAS

ALLOW NO LARGER THAN

1 1/2" DIA CIRCLE.

MATCH EXISTING COLORS

CUT PAVERS AT INTERSECT WITH ADJACENT

PATTERN, TYP

4'-0"

3' -0

ST-2

R=4'-0"

CL CL

PORPHYRY STONES 14 X 14 SQUARE FIELD PATTERN -

2 1/4" X 2 1/4" X MIN 1" DEEP

ST-3

EQ

EQ

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H1 PAVER PATTERN DETAIL

SCALE: 1" = 1'-0" 0 2'6" 1' H9 PAVER PATTERN DETAIL

SCALE: 1" = 1'-0"

GROUT COLOR:

MATCH EXISTING

DARK WARM GRAY

4"

8" 2'

-6

8" 3'

-0

6"

3'-0"8"

PORPHYRY STONES -

2 1/4" X 2 1/4" X MIN 1" DEEP

VARIEGATED CHISELED BLOCKS.

MATCH EXISTING COLORS, TYP

ST-3

8"

CONC SLAB ON GRADE

ST-7

TRAVERTINE TRIM -

VARIED LENGTHS X 6" WIDE X 2" DEEP

VEIN-CUT TRAVERTINE, UNFILLED, TYP

BASALT TRIM -

VARIETED LENGTHS X 4" WIDE X

MIN 1" DEEP. DARK CONTRASTING

COLOR TO WHITE CONC

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Paving Pattern Precedents

NOT TO SCALE

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

NOTES:

1. SUBMIT FIELD SAMPLE MOCK-UP FOR APPROVAL

PRIOR TO BEGIN WORK.

2. GROUT SIZE VARIATIONS TO BE DETERMINED BY

APPROVED FIELD SAMPLE MOCK-UP

A13 SOUTH ENTRY PLAZA PAVER PATTERN DETAIL

SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0" 0 8'2' 4'1'

EXISTING TREE

TO REMAIN

EXISTING WALKWAY PAVER

PATTERN TO REMAIN

EX

IS

T R

AM

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7'-0"

4' -0

3' -0

19'-9" 1'-4"

6"±

EXISTING TRAVERTINE BASE

TO REMAIN. REPAIR OR

REPLACE IF DAMAGED OR

MISSING AFTER DEMO OF

EXISTING WALKWAY

H13 A-506

H9 A-506

EXISTING MEMORIAL BUILDING

MAP GALLERIES TO REMAIN

1'-0" 5'-0" 1'-3"±12'-9 1/2"5'-6 1/2"

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XX

A-50X

H1 A-508

NEW PORPHYRY PAVERS

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1'

-0

6"

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1' -0

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NEW TRAVERTINE TRIM

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6' -0

10'-0"

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H13 A-506

H17 A-506

H9 A-506

H13 A-506

H13 A-506

L17 A-506

19'-9"1'-4"

H17 A-507

REV

XX

A-50X

4'-10"

7'-0" 4'-10"

1'-0" 5'-0" 1'-0"

2"

5'-6"

1' -0

9'

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2' -3

1'

-0

18'-0"

4'-6"±

7'-0"

4' -0

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TO REMAIN

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H9 A-508

EXISTING CONC

CURB TO REMAIN

NEW CONC CURB

TO MATCH EXIST

EXIST WALKWAY

TO BE REMOVED.

SEE CIVIL

NEW TRAVERTINE TRIM

EXISTING TRAVERTINE TRIM

TO REMAIN

NEW CONC TRIM TO ALIGN/

MATCH WITH EXIST

'-9

EXIST WALKWAY

TO BE REMOVED.

SEE CIVIL

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3' -0

NEW PORPHYRY PAVERS

'-0

2'-0"±

4'-4"

H17 A-509

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New Entrance Paver Pattern

NOT TO SCALE

KEY PLAN

SOUTH/

MAKAI (OCEAN)

NORTH/

MAUKA (MOUNTAIN)

NOT TO SCALE

NORTH/MAUKA (MOUNTAIN)SOUTH/MAKAI (OCEAN)

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Appendix A: Concept Explorations

Iteration1: Man-of War Bird

This first concept is a lattice-like Iwa (frigate bird) motif. The frigate bird held much significance within Hawaiian culture, but also throughout the different cultures that span the Pacific. The goal is to compare the combative traits of the frigate bird to the warriors who fought heroically. The strong vertical composition hopes to encourage a towering feeling to honor the legacy of those who made the ultimate sacrifice.

Iteration 2: Hala (Pandanus Fruit) Lei

This second concept reflects the circular Puʻowaina crater as seen from above. My hope is that the circular form in the center is balanced out with the asymmetric exterior layout. The repeating triangular motif represents the fruit of the Lauhala (pandanus tree) sewn together to create a Lei known as “Leihala”. I am playing on the word Hala, which means “to pass, elapse, as time; to pass by” This style of design layout is inspired by the patterned water gourds, Ipu Huewai Pawehe.

Iteration 3: “Resting Place”

In this example, I attempt to tell the story from the birds-eye view. Instead of focusing solely on the literal sense of Puʻowaina as a graveyard, I looked from the broader perspective of Puʻowaina as the final site of the battles that took place within the Pacific.

Iteration 4: Interwoven Concepts Explorations

Here is an additional image. It is sort of a combination of the last two. I wanted to see how the radial composition would feel more symmetric. I added a Koa leaf motif as a border in between the two doors. This is a play on the plant Koa (Same family as Koaia), and the meaning of the word, as brave, bold, fearless, valiant, and courageous

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

ʻOhiʻa Lehua Motif

The Lehua could represent the first sacrifice within the battle. I was thinking it would be a great use of stained glass if that was a possibility.

Perhaps there would also be away to use the stained glass within the bird forms on the other set.

Iteration 5: Man-of War Bird II

The circular center design is reflective of Hawaiian petroglyphs as well as traditional wooden figurative carvings. This motif hopes to acknowledge the moment that everyone is layed to rest here, a literal depiction of “Puʻu o waiho ana”, or the “placing” of those who sacrificed their lives to protect others within the crater. My goal was to create a very abstract human figure to best represent the spiritual essence of the individual, as opposed to a literal depiction of a “Warrior”.

Iteration 7: Manu-o-Kū Bird Exploration II

“Exploring different thickness of the vertical lines to give more depth and emphasis to the Manu-o-Kū Birds within this composition.”

Iteration 6: Manu-o-Kū Bird Exploration

In the first image, I use four Manu-o-Kū birds. Four is a significant number within Hawaiian philosophy and it also allows for the birds to not be split when the doors are open. The Manu-o-Kū also shares the story of resiliency in modern times. It is one of few indigenous seabirds to thrive and coexist within the urban setting of Honolulu since the 1960’s.

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American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

American Battle Monuments Commission Interpretive Center

Honolulu Memorial: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

Honoring the Culture of Ancient Hawaiʻi

The stylized pattern was often seen on traditional Kapa (Bark cloth), within woven mat patterns, and Hawaiian Royalty Capes.

This stylized pattern derives after a shark tooth, as it was often utilized in Hawaiian weapons. It also suggests the ferocity of the fighting chiefs, which was often compared to the aggressive nature of the Tiger-sharks.

Significance Of 4 In Hawaiian Culture

There are four principal gods Kū (governance, warfare, building, labor, fishing and farming), Lono (agriculture, growth, fertility, healing, and peace), Kāne (life and creation) and Kanaloa (creation and voyaging).

In reference to the Hawaiian culture’s 4-based counting system--amount of fish or crops and other aspects of the spiritual aspects.

Some examples of the 4-based counting system:

Kāuna-4; Kaʻau-40; Lau-400;

Mano-4,000; Kini-40,000;

Lehu-400,000

The word for “4” in Hawaiian is ʻEhā. Emphasis on the root word, Hā, which also refers to the breath of life.