ANSI MH1-2016.pdf

MH1 – 2016

(Revision of ASME MH1-2005)

Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads

Approved: 8 Jan 2016

Abstract

This standard pertains to pallets used in the unit load method of assembling, stacking, storing, handling, and transporting materials and products. The standards were to accomplish the following: define terminology and nomenclature associated with pallets; apply to pallets irrespective of components and materials used in their fabrication; provide a series of recommended pallet dimensions and sizes; describe procedures for pallet sampling, inspection and testing; indicate procedures for designating pallet requirements.

Developed by:

MH1 Committee, Pallets, Slip Sheets, and other Bases for Unit Loads

Published by MH1 Secretariat:

MHI

8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201 Charlotte, NC 28217-3992 standards@mhi.org phone: (704) 676-1190 fax: (704) 676-1199

American National Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.

Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time.

The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

Copyright© 2016 by MHI All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Materials Handling Industry, MH1 Secretariat, 8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201, Charlotte, NC 28217-3992 Phone: 704-676-1190, Fax: 704-676-1199 Email: standards@mhi.org

Printed in the United States of America.

MH1 – 2016

American National Standard

Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads

Developed by:

MH1 Committee, Pallets, Slip Sheets, and other Bases for Unit Loads

Published by MH1 Secretariat:

MHI

8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201 Charlotte, NC 28217

Approved 8 Jan 2016 American National Standards Institute, Inc.

ii

Requests for Interpretation and Correspondence with MH1 Committee

MHI standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. Users of the standard may interact with the committee by requesting interpretations or proposing revisions.

All correspondence shall be addressed to:

MH1 – 2016

8720 Red Oak Boulevard, Suite 201 Charlotte, NC 28217-3992 Attention: MH1 Secretary Phone: (704) 676-1190 Fax: (704) 676-1199

Electronic submissions may also be made to the Standards Coordinator at standards@mhi.org.

Interpretations Policy. Upon request, the MH1 Committee will render an interpretation of this standard. ANSI does not provide interpretations and shall refer to any inquiries to the MH1 Committee. Requests for interpretation shall follow the procedures below and shall be provided in a written request sent to the Secretariat as follows:

In general, only questions or interpretation and applicability of Standards will be given a response.

The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous.

The inquirer shall submit the request utilizing the following format:

Designation: Cite the standard designation, for example, MH1-2016.

Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and provide a concise description.

Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans or drawings which are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information.

Requests that are not in this format will be required to be rewritten in this format prior to being answered. The inquiry shall be forwarded promptly to the Chair of the MH1 Committee by the MH1 Secretary. Within forty-five (45) days, the inquirer shall receive a response from the MH1 Secretary.

iii

Disclaimer

This standard was approved by ANSI on 8 Jan 2016. It was developed with the sole intent of offering information to parties engaged in the manufacture, marketing, purchase, or use of pallets, slip sheets and other bases for unit loads.

This standard is advisory only and acceptance is voluntary and the standard should be regarded as a guide that the user may or may not choose to adopt, modify, or reject. The information does not constitute a comprehensive safety program and should not be relied upon as such. Such a program should be developed and an independent safety adviser consulted to do so.

Material Handling Industry (MHI), the MH1 Committee and its officers and members assume no responsibility and disclaim all liability of any kind, however arising, as a result of acceptance or use or alleged use of this standard. User specifically understands and agrees that MHI, the MH1 Committee and their officers, committee members, agents, and members shall not be liable under any legal theory of any kind for any action or failure to act with respect to the design, installation, manufacture, preparation for sale, sale, characteristics, features, or delivery of anything covered by this standard. Any use of this information must be determined by the user to be in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

MHI, the MH1 Committee and its officers and members make no warranties of any kind, express, implied, or statutory, in connection with the information in this standard. MHI and the MH1 Committee specifically disclaim all implied warranties of merchantability or of fitness for particular purpose.

By referring to or otherwise employing this standard, the user agrees to defend, protect, indemnify, and hold MHI, the MH1 Committee, their officers, committee members, agents, and members harmless from and against all claims, losses, expenses, damages, and liabilities, direct, incidental, or consequential, arising from acceptance or use or alleged use of this standard, including loss of profits and reasonable attorneys' fees which may arise out of the acceptance or use or alleged use of this standard. The intent of this provision and of the user is to absolve and protect MHI, the MH1 Committee, their officers, committee members, agents, and members from any and all loss relating in any way to this standard, including those resulting from the user's own negligence.

iv

Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard MH1 – 2016)

Hundreds of millions of wood pallets were manufactured in the United States of America during each of the past 30 years, considerably more than the 37 million pallets produced during 1953 when the ASME Standards Committee MH1 was established. It was estimated that approximately 20% of the total annual production of lumber in the United States was required for the assembly of these pallets. One pallet size of the approximately 100 sizes used, the 48 x 40 in. and the 40 x 48 in. (1219 x 1016 mm and 1016 x 1219 mm) size, accounts for more than one-third of all the pallets produced; while ten additional sizes account for more than 1% of all pallets produced. Pallets made of metal, paper, and plastics are also manufactured in the United States. However, their production is limited and no production statistics are available.

The need for standardization of pallets used in the unit-load method of assembling, stacking, storing, handling, and transporting materials and products, originated from the interconnecting nature of pallet usage. The great variety of pallet sizes and constructions restricted their movement through manufacturing and distributing channels. This variety was the result of each user treating pallet design as a private problem. More intense application of the unit-load method of assembling, stacking, storing, handling, and transporting of commodities in the United States and in international trade fostered extensive use of pallets both as captive and exchange pallets. The latter pallets, especially, required maximum standardization for any exchange to be successful.

Some industries and military services developed, by evolution, certain pallet standards to solve specific problems which are also existent with other users. Consequently, their sizes and constructions of pallets established a pattern of value to all users.

The American National Standards Institute (formerly the American National Standards Association) project on pallet standardization was initiated in October 1953. A Material Handling Standards Committee, MH1 (initially B69), was organized to coordinate information and prepare standards under the scope of standardization of nomenclature, types, sizes, materials, and components of pallets, including sampling, inspection, and test procedures. The standards pertain to pallets used in the unit-load method of assembling, stacking, storing, handling, and transporting materials and products.

The standards were to accomplish the following:

(a) define terminology associated with pallets;

(b) apply to pallets irrespective of components used in their fabrication;

(c) provide a series of recommended pallet dimensions;

(d) describe procedures for pallet testing; and

(e) indicate procedures for designating pallet requirements.

During 1967, the MH1Committee was reorganized. A Nominating Committee was established in compliance with the procedures of ANSI. The Nominating Committee selected officers for the MH1Committee during 1968 and, in turn, became the nucleus for the new MH1 Executive Committee to guide the continuing revision activities and organize the task groups to be formed.

The name of the MH1Committee was changed in 1979 to Standardization of Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads by action of ANSI’s Physical Distribution Standards Management Board in light of the establishment of the MH1 Subcommittee on Standardization of Slip Sheets in March 1979. The following scope of the Committee was established:

standardization of nomenclature, types, sizes, materials, and components of pallets, slip sheets, and other unit load bases, including sampling, inspection, and test procedures.

The MH1Committee, consisting of individual members and representatives of trade associations, engineering societies, and government agencies, organized a Technical Committee to perform its work. During July 1981, this Technical Committee was reorganized as an ASME Standards Committee operating under the ANSI accredited organization procedures.

The following MH1Committee standards were issued:

MH1.1.2 Definitions and Terminology Covering Pallets and Related Structures MH1.2.2M Pallet Sizes MH1.4.1M Procedures for Testing Pallets MH1.5M Slip Sheets MH1.6 Standard Procedures for Determination of Durability of Wooden Pallets and Related Structures MH1.7M Driven Fasteners for Assembly of Pallets and Related Structures MH1.8M Wood Pallets MH1.9 Export Pallets

The MH1Committee published the above eight separate standards consolidated into a single publication, MH1Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads. The 1997 Edition contained the consolidation of the revised MH1.1.2, MH1.4M (formerly MH1.4.1M), MH1.6, and MH1.7M standards. All of the documents contained in the previous Edition of the Standard were approved by ANSI as American National Standards on July 16, 1996.

The first addenda to the previous Edition added the remaining four standards to be consolidated into MH1. Part 2, the revised MH1.2.2, was approved by ANSI on August 6, 1998. Part 3, the revised MH1.8, was approved on August 6, 1998.

Part 4, the revised MH1.9, was approved on January 30, 1998. Part 8, the revised MH1.5M, received approval on August 6, 1998. In addition, the military-specific Part 9, entitled “Wood Pallets for U.S. Government Use,” was developed by the MH1Committee in response to the Government’s need to use voluntary standards. This final Part was approved by ANSI on February 4, 1999.

The second addenda to the previous Edition added Part 10 and revisions to Parts 3, 8, and 9. Part 10 was approved by ANSI on January 19, 2000. Revisions to Part 9 were approved by ANSI on June 7, 2000. The 2005 Edition was approved by ANSI on August 28, 2003 and on March 9, 2005, incorporating changes in all parts and the addition of a new Part 6.

This Edition incorporates changes in all parts (with the exception of Parts 8 and 10) and the addition of new Parts 11, 12, 13 and 14. This Standard was approved by ANSI on 8 Jan, 2016.

v

MHI STANDARDS COMMITTEE MH1

Standardization of Pallets, Slip Sheets, and Other Bases for Unit Loads

(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard)

COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

Don Balazs ORBIS Corporation Kevin C. Cheung Western Wood Products Association John Clarke The Nelson Company John G. Conway Conway & Robison, LLC Christopher D. Forth USAMC Logistics Support Activity (LOGSA) Jay Garner CHEP Americas Brad Gething National Wooden Pallet and Container Assoc.- NWPCA Mark C. Halverson APA – The Engineered Wood Association John J. Healy 360 Solutions Group Laszlo Horvath Virginia Tech – Center for Packaging and Unit Load Design Timothy G. Keller DLA Troop Support Christopher F. Merther Industrial Truck Association Richard Owen NIPHLE Don Pulver Worthington Steelpac Mark J. Rehmstedt US Army, RDECOM/ARDEC Ralph L. Rupert Millwood Inc.

Bob Sanders Global Logistics Program Management Gary Sharon Litco International Daniel R. Steppan Underwriters Laboratories Marshall S. White White and Company LLC

Amer

Forew

Part

Figur

1-1

Nonm

A1-A

Figur

A1-1

A1-2

A1-3

A1-4

A1-5

A1-6

2-1

Table

2-1

Nonm

A2-A

A2-B

A2-C

A2-D

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5 ican National

Pallet word

1 Definition re

Principle mandatory A

Special P res

Molded P

Combinat

Steel Pall

Corrugate

Honeycom

Steel

2 Sizes of W re

Dimension

Produced e

Wood Pal mandatory A

Criteria ...

Comparab

Utilization

Reference

3 Wood Pa res

Schematic

Schematic

Compone

Panel Bot

Schematic

Standard ts, Slip Sh ns and Term

Parts of Woo

Appendix allets Const lastic Pallet ion Pallet wi et ed Fiberboar mb Pallets ...

Wood Pallet ns Common in the U.S.A let Sizes Mo

Appendices ble Metric Di n of Floor Are ed Documen llets c Diagram o c Diagram o nt Names fo ttom Deck S c Diagram o heets, an

Table minology Co od Stringer a ructed of a V ith Corrugate rd Pallet ts to 48 x 40 in

A ost Common imensions of ea of Comm nts f a Typical S f a Typical B or Perimeter howing Cuto f a Pallet St

Pallets, Slip vi nd Other B e of Conte overing Pall and Block Pa

Variety of Ma ed Deck and

n. (1219 x 10 ly Used in th f Most Comm on Carriers, Stringer Palle

Block Pallet w and Crucifo outs ringer with N p Sheets, and

Bases fo nts lets and Rel allets aterials d Honeycom

016 mm) Wo he U.S.A monly Used

With No Lo et with Princ with Principa rm Bottom D

Notch Featur d Other Bases r Unit Lo lated Struct b Stringers .

ood Pallets

Pallet Sizes ad Overhang cipal Parts La al Parts Labe

Deck Constru res

MH1-20

s for Unit Loa ads tures s g on Pallet .

abeled eled uction ads

. iv

. 1

3-6

3-7

3-8

3-9

3-10

3-11

3-12

3-13

3-14

3-15

3-16

3-17

3-18

3-19

3-20

3-21

Table

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5

3-6

3-7

3-8

Anne

Anne

Anne

Anne

Anne

Anne

Anne ican National

Schematic

Measurem

Schematic

Schematic

Schematic

Schematic

Schematic in the Bot

Schematic

Missing W

Schematic

Schematic

Schematic

Schematic

Wood Pal

Schematic

Schematic

Schematic

Example o

HT and M es

Minimum

Minimum

Physical a

Minimum

Reusable

Minimum

Maximum

Compone

Dimension

Wood Spe

Dimension exes x A Standa x B Wood S x C Definiti x D Grading x E Wood-b x F Connec

Standard c Diagram o ments of the c Diagrams c Diagrams c Diagrams c Diagrams c Diagrams ttom Deck of c Diagrams

Wood in a Blo c Diagrams c Diagrams c Diagrams c Diagrams lets c Diagrams c Diagram o c Diagram o of a Plug Re

MB Treatmen

Lumber Com

Wood-based and Mechan

Characterist

(R) Pallets .

Number of D

Allowable D nt Being Re ns ecies Groups n Tolerances rds Concern

Species Clas on and Clas g Agencies f based Comp ction Design f Driven Fas

Physical Ch of Block Lam of Broken D of Splits in D of Missing W of a Block C f a Perimete

Showing the ock Pallet ...

of Panel Del of Two of the

Showing Pro of Companio of a Full-len f Half-compa f C-block an epair of a Sp t Marks mponent Qua d Composite ical Charact tics of Drive

Driven Faste

Deviation of placed, Rep s s of Compon ing Wood Pa sses sification of for Structura osite Tests .

Pallets, Slip vii steners Used haracteristics mination and eckboard, S

Deckboards

Wood

Class Pallet S r Base Desig e Allowable L lamination ..

e Common S oper Placem on Stringer C gth Compan anion Stringe nd Notched B lit Stringer 'F ality e Componen eristics of D n Fasteners eners

Replacemen aired, i.e. Co nents allets and C

Defects l Panels p Sheets, and d in Pallets, s d Fastening .

tringer and S and Stringer

Showing the gn

Locations an

Styles of Me ment of Metal

Components nion Stringer er Repair

Block Stringe

Foot' t Quality riven Fasten for Single-u nt or Compan omponents o ontainers d Other Bases

Indicating th

Stringer Foo r

Butted Con nd Extent of etal Connecto l Plates Ove s Used to Re r Repair er Repairs ...

ners used in use (S) and nion Compo of Similar

MH1-20

s for Unit Loa he ot nection or Plates r Splits epair

Pallets nents from ads

Anne

5-1

5-1

5-2

5-3

Nonm

A5-A

A5-B

6-1

6-2

6-3

Form

6-1

Table

6-1

Nonm

A6-A ican National x G Physica

5.5.1, T

4 Export Pa

5 Driven Fa re

Number o es

Standard, Nails with

Diamond and 60 to

Standard, Pallet-Ass

Blunt Chis

Standard, and Stapl

Short, Blu

Legs Con

Wide Crow mandatory A

Applicable

Standard

6 Protocol res

Examples

Schematic

Measurem of These

Schematic and Helic m

Fastener e

Fastener mandatory A

Inch Fract al Descriptio

Table 3-3 allets asteners for of Fastener C

, Helically Th h Filleted, Fla or Chisel Po

68 (±2) deg

, Bright and sembly Stap sel Points (Im

, Bright and es for Pallet unt Chisel Po nected by S wn (Imperial

Appendices e Documents

Pallet-Faste for Measuri s of Driven N c Diagram o ments to be T

Fasteners ...

c Diagram o ally Threade

Quality Anal

Sampling ...

Appendices tions and De on of Typical r Assembly

Couples hreaded, Stif at Head, Poi oint (not Wid

g. Thread An

Coated, Pla les with Two mperial Units

Coated, Pla t-Mat Assem oints; and St taple Crown l Units) s ener Packag ing Quality

Nails and Sta f Nails and S

Taken in Ord f Major and ed Pallet Nai lysis Worksh ecimal Equiv

Pallets, Slip viii

Fasteners M of Pallets a ff-Stock and ntless or Sh er than Wire gle (Imperia in-Shank, Re o, Equal-Len s) in-Shank, Re mbly: Nails wi taples with T and Short, e Labels (Im of Pallet Na aples

Staples Used der to Determ

Minor Threa ls heet valents p Sheets, and

Meeting Crite and Related

Hardened-S hort, Blunt, o e Diameter), al Units) egular-Stock ngth, Flattene egular-Stock ith Filleted, Two, Equal L

Blunt Chisel mperial Units ails and Sta d for Pallet A mine the Phy ad Rings on A d Other Bases eria in Sectio

Structures

Steel, Pallet-r Medium (<

Four Thread k Steel, ½ in ed Legs and k Steel, Nails

Flat Heads a

Length, Flatt l Points with aples

Assembly, In ysical Chara

Annularly Th

MH1-20

s for Unit Loa on s

-Assembly

<5/32 in.)

d Flutes, . Wide, d Short, s and ened

½ in.

ndicating acteristics hreaded ads

A6-B

A6-C

A6-D

A7-A

A7-B

8-1

8-2

8-3

8-4

8-5

8-6

8-7

8-8

8-9

Table

8-1

Mand

A8-I

A8-II

Nonm

A8-A

A8-B

9-1

9-2

9-3

9-4

Common Equivalen

The Morg

Measurem

7 Testing P mandatory A

Potential

Selected

8 Slip Shee res

Corrugate

One-Tab

Two-Tab

Two-Tab

Three-Tab

Four-Tab

Ninety-De

Diagonal

Slit-Corne e

Range of datory Appe

Guideline

Guideline mandatory A

Developm

Published

9 Wood Pal res

Isometric

Pallet for

Isometric

Top and S

Pallet

Top, Side

Double-W

Wire Gauge nts in Inches an Impact B ment of Thre

Procedures

Appendices

Uses of Des

Standards, S ets ed Machine D

Slip Sheet ..

Slip Sheet, O

Slip Sheet, A b Slip Sheet

Slip Sheet .

egree Corner

Corner Cuto er Design

Tensile Stre endices s for Slip Sh s for Starting

Appendices ment of the S d Documents lets for Dep

View, Partia

Warehouse

View, 2-Way

Side View, P

, and End V

Wing, Nonrev s for Pallet N end-Angle N ad-Crest Dia for Pallets a scribed Tests

Specification

Direction (M

Opposite

Adjacent r Cutout out ength Values heet Uses ...

g a Slip She

Slip Sheet Ha s Covering S partment of al 4-Way Ent

Use y Entry, Size

Partial 4-Way iews, Full 4-ersible Bloc

Pallets, Slip ix

Nails and St

Nail Tester, T ameter for H and Related s ns, Articles, a

D) s et Unit Load andling Conc

Slip Sheets ..

Defense Us try, Size 2, D e 5, Double D y Entry, Size

-Way Entry, k Pallet p Sheets, and taples and T

The MIBANT

Helically Thre d Structures and Reports d Handling S cept se

Double Deck

Deck, Flush e 2, Double D

Size 2, Dou d Other Bases heir Decima

T Device or T eaded Nails .

s s Referenced

System k, Flush, Non

, Nonreversi

Deck, Double ble Deck, MH1-20 s for Unit Loa l

Tool d in Text .. 1 nreversible ible Pallet 1 e-Wing ads

9-5

9-6

9-7

9-8

9-9

9-10

9-11

9-12

9-13

9-14

9-15

9-16

9-17

9-1

9-2

9-3

9-4

9-5

Mand

A9-I

A9-A

10-1

Compone

Nonrevers

Top, Side

Double-W

Compone

Nonrevers

Top, Side

Double-W

Compone

Nonrevers

Top, End, Side View

Top, End, Double-W

Top, End, Nonrevers

Top, End, Nonrevers

Top, Side

Nonrevers

Isometric

Nailing Di

Block Pal es

DoD Palle

Stringer a

Actual De

DoD Palle

Cross Ref datory Appe

Reference mandatory A

Reference

10 Perform

Unit Loa res

Measurem

Square an nts for a Ful sible Block P

, and End V

Wing, Nonrev nts for a Ful sible Block P

, and End V

Wing, Nonrev nts for a Ful sible Block P

, and Side V ws, Partial 4-

, and Side V

Wing, Nonrev

, and Side V sible Stringe

, and Side V sible Stringe

, and End V sible Stringe

View, Size 2 iagrams and lets et Sizes and Block Siz eckboard Siz ets, by Part N ference Llist endix ed Documen

Appendix ed Documen mance Speci ad Material ment of Palle nd Carpente ll 4-Way Ent

Pallet iews, Full 4-ersible Bloc ll 4-Way Ent

Pallet iews, Full 4-ersible Bloc ll 4-Way Ent

Pallet iews of Part

-Way Entry, iews, Partia ersible Strin iews, Partia er Pallet iews, 2-Way er Pallet iews, Partia er Pallet with

2, Double De

Nail Sizes f zes zes, (inch). ..

Number t and Charac nts nts fication for

Handling E et Length, W r Square

Pallets, Slip x ry, Size 2, D

-Way Entry, k Pallet ry, Size 6, D

-Way Entry, k Pallet ry, Size 7, D ial 4-Way En

Flush or Dou l 4-Way Entr ger Pallet ...

l 4-Way Entr y Entry, Size l 4-Way Entr h Reclaimed-eck, Flush, N for Sizes 2, 6 cteristics, Pa

Pallets to b quipment ...

Width, and He p Sheets, and

Double Deck

Size 6, Dou

Double Deck

Size 7, Dou

Double Deck ntry, Size 1, uble-Wing, S ry, Size 3, D ry, Size 8, D e 4, Double D ry, Double D

-/Recycled-W

Nonreversibl

6, and 7, No art No. to Na be Used in A eight, with a d Other Bases

, Double-Wi ble Deck, , Double-Wi ble Deck, , Double-Wi

Double-Win

Stringer Palle

Double Deck, Double Deck, Deck, Flush, Deck, Double

Wood Deckb le Pallet onreversible ational Stock

Automated

"T"

MH1-20

s for Unit Loa ng, ng, ng, ng Pallet ... 1 et

, Flush, e-Wing, oards k Number .. 1 ads

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

Mand

A10-I

A10-A

A10-B

11-1

11-2

11-3

11-4

11-5

11-6

11-7

11-8

11-9

11-10

11-11

11-12

11-13

12-1

12-2

12-3 ican National

Measuring

Schematic

Schematic

Measuring

Schematic in Automa datory Appe

I Performan

Material H mandatory A

A Typical C of Automa

B Reference

11 Plastic a res

Type 1, T

Type 2, P

Type 3, F

Nestable

Stackable

Photograp of Packag

Photograp

Slipping o

Partial Ca

Photograp

0 A Cut-Aw

Structured

1 A Cut-a-w

2 Example o

3 Example o

12 Corrugat res

Honeycom

Cell Struc

Folded Int

Laminated g the Diagon c Diagram S c Diagram o g Pallet Defl c Diagram S atic Handling endix nce Specific

Handling Equ

Appendices learances B ated Unit Loa es and Plastic wo-way Entr artial Four-w ull Four-way

Pallets e Pallets ph of Rubbe ged Product ph of Rubbe of Product ...

argo Lips ph of Inserts ay of a Plast d Foam Mold way View of a of a Pallet A of a Snap Fi ted/Paper-B mb Pad and cture terlocking C d Corrugated nals of Pallet

Showing the f the Slip Re ection

Showing Pall g Equipment ations for Pa uipment etween Com ad Handling

Composite ry Plastic Pa way Entry Pl y Entry Plast rized Spray r Grommet a s Placed in In tic Pallet Se ding a Twin Shee

Assembled w tting Betwee

Based Pallet

Sample wit orrugated Pa d Strips to F

Pallets, Slip xi t Top and Bo

Measuring o esistance Te et Compone allets to be U mponents and

Equipment

Pallets allet astic Pallet .

tic Pallet

Coating of a and Texturin nside of Pall ction Shows et Thermofor with Profile Ex en a Pallet D ts h Liner Rem allet orm a String p Sheets, and ottom of Pallet Dec ests of Pallet ent Deflection

Used in Auto d Between P a Pallet Deck g in Pallet D et Deck s the Foamed rmed Pallet S xtended Pla

Deck and a P moved to Exp ger d Other Bases ck Flatness ..

t Decks n when Supp omated Unit-

Pallets and C k to Reduce

Deck to Redu d Interior of

Section stic Compon

Post pose Honeyc

MH1-20

s for Unit Loa ported

-Load

Components

Slipping uce

Ribs from nents comb ads

12-4

12-5

12-6

12-1

13-1

13-2

13-[3

13-12

13-13

13-14

13-15

13-16

13-17

13-18

13-19

13-20

13-21

13-22

13-23

13-24

14-1

14-2

14-1

Folded St

Folded Bl

Spiral Wo e

Typical C

13 Metal Pa res

Metal Stri

Metal Blo

-11] Various

2 Flat Bar ..

3 Angle

4 Rod

5 Channel .

6 Square Tu

7 Rectangu

8 Round Tu

9 Roll Form

0 Example o

1 Custom R

2 Custom R

3 Custom S

4 Custom S

14 Molded, res

A Pressw

Typical W e

Example o tringer Style ock Style wi ound Tube B orrugated Bo allets nger Pallet .

ck Pallet s Metal Palle ubing lar Tubing ..

ubing med Channel of Standard

Roll Formed C

Roll Formed C

Stamped Com

Stamped Com

Wood-Base ood Pallet ..

Wood Particle of Weight Cl with Folded th Folded Sa lock Style C oard Specific et Designs ...

Stamped Co

Component

Component mponent mponent ed Composi es Used in P lass Distribu

Pallets, Slip xii

Deck Corru andwich Dec orrugated Pa cations used omponent (s te Pallets. .

resswood Pa tions p Sheets, and ugated Pallet ck Corrugate allet d in Paper P tacking guid allets d Other Bases t ed Pallet allets de)

MH1-20

s for Unit Loa ads

PA

D

1 S

Part 1 relate

2 P

The p the ba

3 R

The fo Part 1

ANSI/

Struct

ANSI/

ANSI/

ANSI/

ANSI/

Publis Charl

ASTM

Mater

ASTM

ASTM

ASTM

IEEE/

Syste

Publis www.

ISO 4

LLETS, S

Definitions

COPE

1 provides def ed structures, URPOSE purpose of Pa asis for comm

REFERENCED

ollowing is a l 1, showing the

/MHIA MH1 -

tures

/MHIA MH1 -

/MHIA MH1 -

/MHIA MH1 -

/MHIA MH1 -

sher: Materia otte, NC 2821

M D 1185 – 19 rials Handling

M F 680 – 198

M F 1575 – 19

M F 1667 – 20

/ASTM SI-10,

em sher: ASTM I astm.org

445 – 1996, P

SLIP SHE

s and Term finitions and t such as skids art 1 is to prov mon understan

D STANDAR

ist of standar e year of app

2005, Part1

2005, Part3 W

2005, Part 4

2005, Part 5

2005, Part 7 al Handling In 17-3992. www

998a, Standa g and Shipping

80 (1993), Tes

995, Test Met

000, Specifica

, Standard for

International, Pallets for Mat

ETS, AND

minology Co terminology a s and pallet c vide generally nding when d

DS

rds and specif roval:

Definitions an

Wood Pallets

Export Pallet

Driven Faste

Testing Proc dustry of Ame w.mhia.org rd Test Metho g st Methods fo thod for Deter ations for Driv r Use of the In

100 Barr Har terials Handlin

D OTHER

Part 1 overing Pa associated wit containers.

y accepted de escribing pal fications that nd Terminolog s ts eners for Asse cedures for Pa erica (MHIA), ods for Pallet or Nails rmining Bend ven Fasteners nternational S rbor Drive, W ng – Vocabul p Sheets, and

R BASES

allets and R th the constru efinitions and lets and relat were reviewe gy Covering P embly of Palle allets and Re

, 8720 Red O ts and Related ing Yield Mom s: Nails, Spik

System of Un

West Conshoh ary d Other Bases

FOR UN

Related St uction and use terminology t ted structures ed during the

Pallets and R ets and Relat lated Structur

Oak Blvd, Suite d Structures ment of Nails kes, and Stap its (SI): The ocken, PA, 1

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa

IT LOADS

ructures e of pallets an that serve as s and their use preparation o

Related ted Structures res e 201, Employed in les

Modern Metri

9428-2959.

ds

S nd e.

of s ic

ISO 6

Dimen

ISO 8

Perfo Stren

ISO/D

Nails, for Sh

Publis 56, C

NWPC

Publis 340, A

Fiber

Publis

FAO (

Phyto

FAO R

4 D accur adhes facing flaps all-wa alumin analy annul assem assem bandi bark-f knots base:

6780 – 1988 ( nsions and To

8611 – 1991, rmance Requ gth

DIS 12777-1 –

Other Dowe hank Withdraw sher: Internat H-1211, Gen

CA, Uniform S sher: Nationa Alexandria, V

Box Handboo sher: Fibre B

(Food and Ag osanitation Me Rome, Italy. w

DEFINITIONS

racy: degree sive: materia gs of corrugat in closing con ay entry pallet num pallet: se ysis: determin larly threaded mbled pallet:

mbly: process ing notch: se free wood: wo , and bark po

: structural as

1994), Gener olerances

General-Purp uirements, De

– 1994, Metho l-Type Fasten wal and Head tional Organiz ève 20, Switz

Standard for W al Wood Palle A, 22314. ww ok – 1999

Box Associatio griculture Org easures – Re www.ippc.int

AND TERMI

of agreement l capable of a ting medium i ntainer as we t: see pallet, ee pallet, alum nation of level d nail or annul see pallet, as s of connectin e strap slot.

ood from whic ockets betwee ssembly desig ral-Purpose F pose Flat Pall esign Rating, ods of Test fo ners, and Sta d Pull-Throug zation for Sta zerland/Suisse

Wood Pallets et and Contain ww.palletcentr on, 2850 Golf anization), IS gulation of W

INOLOGY

t between spe adhering one n combined c ll as unit load all-way entry minum.

of performan lar nail: see n ssembled.

ng component ch all bark, ex en rings of an gned to suppo

Flat Pallets for ets for Throug and Maximum or Pallet Joints ples – Determ h Resistance andardization

e. www.iso.or s ner Associatio ral.com

Road, Rolling

SPM, Publicat Wood Packagin ecified value surface to an corrugated bo to pallet dec y.

nce.

nail, annularly ts to form an xcluding the v nual growth h ort unit load.

p Sheets, and r Through Tra gh Transit of m Working Lo ts with Mecha mination of Be e

(ISO), 1 rue d rg on (NWPCA) g Meadows, tion No. 15, In ng Material a and that actu nother, such a oard, overlapp ckboards or de y threaded or integral struc vascular camb have been rem d Other Bases ansit of Good

Goods – Tes oad. Determi anical Fastene ending Resist de Varembé, , 1421 Prince

IL, 60008. ww nternational S nd Internation ually obtained as plies of fibe ping sides of eck.

r nail, annular cture.

bium, ingrown moved. [ISPM

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa s – Principal st Methods.

nation of Join ers – Pallet tance, Testing

Case Postale e Street, Suite ww.fibrebox.o

Standards for nal Trade, 20 erboard, container, an r.

n bark around M No. 15, 200 nt g e e org d d 02] base basis beare bearin string deck Also, bottom bevel bevel, bevel bias:

result bin: m box o bin pa biode expos block:

bottom as co block pallet block block blow m board thickn board board resist bolt:

provid pallet: see p weight, conta er: see stringe ng surface: in er or stringer and unit load interface betw m deck of sta

: see chamfe l, sawn: miss led deckboard systematic e ts.

multi-sided sup r container.

allet: see pall gradable: ma sure to moistu

: rectangular m decks or be rner block, en dimensions:

width; height pallet: see p size: stated molding: see d: wood mem ness.

d, corrugated:

d, water-resist ance to dama fastener with ded with wash allet, base.

ainerboard: s er; bearer (the nterface betw board or cros supported by ween pallet b cked pallet an er.

ing edge alon d: see deckb error in test re perstructure t let, bin.

aterial proper ure, oxygen, a r, square, mul eneath top de nd block, edge length meas t measured in pallet, block.

in terms of w e molding, blo mber sawn and see corruga tant: sized bo age or deterio coarse threa hers and nut;

see containerb e preferential ween pallet ele ss stringer of c y pallet, such ottom deck a nd palletized ng wood com oard, chamfe sults; contribu to be mounted rty resulting in and bacterial tisided, or cy eck of single-d e block, inner sured in direct n direction of p idth followed ow.

d dressed on ated board.

oard, treated oration by wat ad along shan to be inserted rboard, basis term in some ements and c corrugated pa as complete nd pallet-sup unit load sup ponent, resul ered.

uting to differe d on pallet ba n deterioration action.

lindrical deck deck pallets, o r block, cente tion of pallet l pallet height;

by height and its four sides with water-re ter.

nk at end of op d in oversize p Sheets, and weight.

e British Com components, s allet. Also, in top deck for c pporting area.

pporting stack ting from saw ence betwee ase, with or w n due to such k or deck-mat often identifie er or middle b ength; width not related to d length.

s, less than 2 epellant mater pposite squar predrilled ho d Other Bases mmonwealth c such as deck nterface betwe concentrated Also, interfa ked pallet.

wing or planni n population without cover;

h environment spacer betwe ed by its locat lock; post.

measured in o grain directi

in. (50 mm) in rial, to have a re or hexagon le.

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa countries).

board and een pallet top unit load.

ace between ng.

means of tes also known a tal factors as een top and tion within pal direction of on of block.

n nominal a degree of nal head, p t as llet bolted bottom const (see p bottom box:

wood enclo box p brack bursti butted

CAD:

CAD p cage calipe cantile cap:

capac capac captiv carria from t cente notch cham betwe tines cham chipb fiberb d pallet: see p m deck: asse ruction being pallet classific m deckboard:

see bin; also, , metal, plasti sing box cont allet: see pal ket: angle-sha ing strength:

d deckboard:

computer-ai pallet softwar pallet: see p er: sheet thick ever pallet: s see mat.

city, shock-ab city, shock-da ve pallet: see age bolt: bolt turning during r cluster deck es.

fer: machine een stringers of fork lift truc bered deckbo oard: paperb board.

pallet, bolted.

embly of elem unidirectiona cation).

: see deckbo

, container wi ic, fiberboard tents.

llet, bin.

aped support material stren see deckboa ded design.

re: tool to des allet, cage.

kness, in thou see pallet, can bsorbing: cap amping: capa e pallet, captiv with square o g nut tightenin kboards: cen ed or molded i or blocks to fa ck during entr oard: see dec board usually ments compris al, overlap (tw oard, bottom.

th solid or clo , paperboard, or connection ngth, in lbf/in.

ard, butted.

sign pallet for usandths of in ntilever.

pability of sust ability of lesse ve.

or other shape ng or loosenin ter bottom de inclined surfa acilitate pass ry into pallet;

ckboard, cham made from re sing lower fac wo-directional) osely fitted sid , or foamed o n fastened to

.2, as measur r specified us nch, with 0.00 taining impac ening effect of ed oversize e ng; coach bolt eckboards loc ace along part age of fork-ar bevel.

mfered.

eclaimed pap p Sheets, and ce of pallet; be ), and of perim des, ends, bo or cellular plas components red with Cady e conditions.

01 in. often ca ct load withou f impacted loa element next t t.

cated below s t or full length rm wheels of per stock, with d Other Bases earing surface meter or cruc ottoms, and to stic, complete to be tied tog y or Mullen tes all “point.”

t failure.

ad.

to head to pre tringer foot be h of edges or pallet trucks h center ply or

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa e of pallet; wi iform design op made of ely and secure gether.

ster.

event head etween string deckboards and to guide r plies of solid th ely ger chord class:

classi classi clench clinch closed and fa coach coeffi bodie coeffi betwe coeffi must coeffi value collap comp collar to tie conta colum with o comb corrug comb comm proce comp comp comp string d: see stringe

: denoting str ification: arra ification).

hed nail: see hed nail: see d distribution acilities.

h bolt: see ca icient of frictio s together.

icient of frictio een two touch icient of frictio be overcome icient of variat s divided by v psible bin, box onent elemen r: fixed, hinge together verti in unit load p mn: fixed or d or without side ined board: f gated fiberbo o pallet: see mercial pressu ess of pressur anion stringe liance: meas onent: eleme er of corrugat er chord.

ringer or bloc angement acc e nail, clenche nail, clinched system: ship arriage bolt.

on: ratio of fric on, kinetic: co hing bodies.

on, static: coe e to initiate ma tion: measure value average x, or containe nts.

ed, removable ical elements laced on palle etachable ve e superstructu fabricated pan ard.

pallet, combo ure impregnat re in accordan r: see stringe surement of c ent of pallet s ted pallet.

k pallet (see p cording to sys ed.

d.

pping system ction force be oefficient of fr efficient of fric acroscopic mo e of dispersio e.

er: superstruc e, or collapsib of pallet supe et; rail.

rtical membe ure compone nel assemble o.

tion: treatme nce with an of er, companion onformance w uch as deckb pallet classific stematic divisi restricted to m etween two bo iction under c ction correspo otion between on of observed cture that may ble horizontal erstructure; a r forming part nts; post.

ed from severa nt of wood wi fficially recog n.

with establish board, stringe p Sheets, and cation).

ion into group moving goods odies to norm conditions of m onding to max n two touchin d values; stan y be folded or solid, slatted also, element t of superstru al component ith a chemica nized technic hed requireme er, stringerboa d Other Bases pings (see pa s between sp mal force pres macroscopic ximum friction ng bodies.

ndard deviatio r separated in

, or mesh, fra on top of pall ucture to facilit ts such as so al preservative cal specificatio ents and crite ard, and block

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa llet pecified plants sing these relative motio n force that on of observe nto its aming membe let deck to tate stacking olid or e through a on.

eria.

k, and cross on ed ers conce condi that e conne be as them, conne the te conne conta conta mater conta conta contin blocks contin conve corne corne block corne corrug si si do tr corrug corrug corrug board entrated load:

itioning: expo environment.

ection: struct sembled with to transmit s ection, center erm “connectio ector: see fas iner: see bin inerboard: co rial, and filler.

inerboard, ba iner pallet: se nuous chamfe s.

nuous deck pa erter: superst er bracket: an er chamfer: b er drop test: im gated board ingle face: bo ingle wall, dou ouble wall: tw riple wall: thre gated paper p gating facing:

gating materia d.

: see load, co osure to speci ural junction o h mechanical structural force r connection, c on.”

stener.

orrugated and asis weight: w ee pallet, bin.

er: beveled e allet: see pal tructure place ngle-shaped c evel on pallet mpact test to oard consistin uble face: on wo corrugated ee corrugated pallet: see pa

: see facing, al, corrugating oncentrated.

ific environme of two or mor fasteners, ad es safely; ofte corner conne d solid fiberbo weight of liner dge along ful llet, solid-deck ed on flat palle connector fast t corner, that determine pa ng of one corr ne corrugated d inner eleme d inner eleme allet, corrugat corrugated bo g medium: p ent, often unti re members, c hesives, weld en identified b ection. Colloq oard manufac rboard or corr l length of de k.

et to change i tened to both is, along oute allet rigidity.

rugated eleme d inner elemen ents glued to t nts glued to t ted paper.

oard.

aper used in p Sheets, and il approximate components, ds, or interloc by location wi quially, the ter ctured from lin rugating med eckboard betw it to post palle h pallet compo er vertical cor ent glued to o nt glued to tw two outer and two outer and forming fluted d Other Bases e equilibrium or assemblie cks, or a comb ithin pallet as rm “joint” is us nerboard, cor ium, in lbf/100 ween outer str et.

onents to be t rner of outer p one flat facing wo flat facings d one inner fla d two inner fla d element of

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa is reached w es, designed t bination of end sed in place o rrugating

00 ft2 (MSF).

ringers or tied together.

pallet stringer g.

s.

at facings.

at facings.

corrugated with to of r or corrug cost p count crack of AS memb crane creep criteri critica cross crucif and lo conne crucif cup:

cycle dama conne dama econo dama pallet dama dama dama datum debar wood decay and o gation: flute i per trip: avera tersunk fasten k: lengthwise

ME MH1.8M

ber shall be tr e: lifting devic p deflection: g ion: standard al defect: see stringer: see form bottom-d ocated along ector boards p form perimete conical, squa of use: comp age: physical ections.

age coefficien omic indicator age cost: mea age frequency age rate: ratio age severity:

m load: see lo rking: remova bark-free.) [F yed wood: wo origin.

n corrugated age cost of pa ner: see faste separation of

– 1996 stand reated as spli ce for moving gradual chang d of measurem e defect.

e stringer, cro deck construc pallet perime perpendicular er-base pallet:

are, or rectang plete repeata deterioration t: economic f rs for prices, c asure of econ y: number of o of damage f measure of e oad, datum.

al of bark from

FAO, 1990]

ood of insigni allet use for s ener, counter f parts of woo dard, cracks e ts).

heavy object ge in flexural ment.

oss.

ction: butted o ter in both dir r to each othe

: see pallet, c gular spacer, ble series of s of pallet or c factor relating cost of mater nomic deterior occurrences frequency to n extent of palle m round wood ficant strengt single one-wa rsunk.

od member th exceeding one ts by means o deformation o or mitered bo rections of pa er.

cruciform peri designed to f sequential ha ontainer due g damage sev ials, and labo ration resultin of damage to number of pa et damage per

d. (Debarking th as compare p Sheets, and ay trip consisti rough part of e-half of dept of movable ov over time.

ottom deckboa allet length an rimeter-base.

facilitate palle andling.

to rupture of verity to cost o or.

ng from single o pallet.

allet trips.

r damage occ g down does ed to that of s d Other Bases ing of four to f cross section th, width, or th verhead equip ards arranged nd width, with et nesting.

members, co of pallet repa e occurrence currence.

not necessar sound wood o

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa six handlings n (for purpose hickness of pment.

d in same pla center and omponents, o ir, based on of damage to rily make the of same speci s.

es ne r o ies deck:

board deck, overh deck, deck, deck of top meas deck block deck windo deck deck deck deck deckb string deckb deckb deckb assem deckb length and ti deckb deckb deckb deckb deckb of pal deform top or bottom ded, or solid; ( cantilevered:

hang.

racked acros solid: singul dimensions:

p or bottom su ured from spa mat: assemb pallet.

opening: ape ow.

spacer: see spacing: see span: distanc window: see board: eleme erboard.

board, bevele board, bottom board, butted:

mbly.

board, chamfe h of board or nes of forklift board, end: d board.

board, inner:

board, outer:

board, racked let software e mation of pall m surface of p (see pallet cla

: deck extend ss: pallet dec ar, continuou length of top urface of palle acer to top or bly of deckboa erture provide spacer.

e deckboard s ce between d deck opening ent or compon d: see deckb m: any of deck

: inner deckb ered: deckbo between strin trucks.

deckboard loc any deckboa see deckboa d across (RAS evaluation of w et and its dec pallet, consist assification).

ding beyond s ck spanning b s sheet.

or bottom su et measured i r bottom surfa ards and strin ed in bottom d spacing.

deck supports g.

nent of pallet d board, chamfe kboards locat board placed t oard with edge ngers or block cated at pallet ard located be ard, end.

S): pallet dec wood pallets, cks where rac ting of one or stringers or b between pallet rface of palle n its width dir ace of pallet.

ngerboards or deck to allow s.

deck, oriented ered.

ted in pallet b tightly agains es of one face ks, with bevel t end; leadboa etween end de kboard spann providing info ck frame supp p Sheets, and r more eleme locks, or both t supports.

et measured in rection; thickn r solid sheet o pallet-truck w d perpendicu bottom deck.

st adjacent de e beveled, eit facilitating en ard; leading-e eckboards; in ning between formation on l ports pallet at d Other Bases nts, that is, sl h, resulting in n its length di ness of deck c of material, fo wheels to bea lar to stringer eckboard durin ther along full ntry of pallet-j edge deckboa nterior deckbo pallet suppo load-carrying t deckboard e

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa latted, close-deck rection; width components orming deck o r on floor; dec r or ng pallet l or specified jack wheels ard; outer oard.

rts (an output capacity and ends).

h of ck deckb deckb deck vertic deckb lip, wi deckb deckb deckb defec defini deflec delam desig desig detac device diago dimen distan dimen direct dispo distrib doubl doubl doubl drive small board, top: an board dimens component m ally from top t board projecti ing).

board size: st board spacing board span: d ct: an irregula ition: explicit ction: amoun mination: visib n: see pallet n load: see lo chable-frame p e: mechanica onal: line conn nsion: bulk pi nce; see palle nsional lumbe tion: line of m sable pallet:

bution system le-deck pallet le-face pallet:

le-wing pallet:

screw: helica thread angle ny deckboard sions: length o measured in d to bottom of d ion: overhang tated in terms g: distance be distance betw arity or imperf statement of t of flexural d ble separation design.

oad, design.

pallet: see pa al contrivance necting two n iece of lumbe et dimension.

er: see lumbe movement.

see pallet, ex m: system of s

: see pallet, d see pallet, d

: see pallet, d ally threaded ds located in p of deck comp irection of pa deckboard.

g extending fr s of thickness etween adjac ween deckboa ection that re meaning of w eformation du n in the plane allet, detacha e.

on-adjacent, er to be reman er, dimension xpendable; pa shipping good double-deck.

double-face.

double-wing.

or fluted palle pallet top dec ponent measu allet length; th rom outer fac s followed by w cent deckboar ard supports.

duces streng words and phr ue to imposed e or panel com able-frame.

opposite pall nufactured int allet, single-u ds among pla et nail; occasi p Sheets, and k.

ured in directi ickness of de ce of outer str width and len rds; deck spa th, durability, rases.

d load; sag.

mponent.

et corners me to pallet comp use.

ants and facilit ionally, helica d Other Bases on of pallet w eck componen inger to deck ngth.

acing.

or value.

easured acro ponent; meas ties.

ally threaded

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa width; width of nts measured board end (se oss pallet deck sured extent o pallet nail wit f ee k.

or h driven drop-b drop h dumm dumm dunna remai durab dwell becom dynam econo return edge edge edge effect empty end o entry:

equip excha expen expor expos facing corrug facing coatin n fastener: se bottom box p height: distan my load: see my product: s age: wood pa in associated bility: life expe time: time re mes unstable mic load: see omic life: num n on investme deckboard: s of pallet: see stringer: see tiveness: resu ying device: c of pallet: see

: opening bet ment betwee ange pallet: s ndable pallet:

rt pallet: see sed pallet sur g, corrugated gated board.

g weight: wei ngs, impregna ee fastener, d allet: see pal nce of free-fa load, dummy see load, dum ackaging mat with the com ectancy and c equired or spe e load, dynam mber of trips p ent (an output see deckboar e pallet side.

e stringer, edg ult of producin contrivance fo pallet, end of tween decks o n stringers or see pallet, exc see pallet, e pallet, export rface: see pal board: linerb ght of all facin ants, and adh driven.

llet, drop-bott ll.

y.

mmy.

terial used to mmodity.

cost per trip, i ecified at each mic.

pallet will mak t of pallet softw rd, edge.

ge.

ng desired ha or moving or f.

or beneath de r blocks.

change.

expendable.

t.

llet surface, e board used as ngs of 1000 ft esive.

tom box.

secure or sup n terms of nu h resonant fre ke, provided it ware evaluati appening; deg removing con eck to permit exposed.

s flat member t2 (90 m2) of c p Sheets, and pport a comm umber of one-equency until t is properly r ion).

gree of confor ntents of cont passage of li rs bonded to c corrugated bo d Other Bases modity, but wh

-way trips.

damage occ repaired, with rmance to de tainer.

ifting devices corrugating m oard, excludin

MH1 – 201

s for Unit Loa hich does not curs or unit loa maximum sign.

of handling medium to form ng that of ad m failure seque fasten screw fasten surfac fasten squar fasten relativ fasten (see l fasten fasten relativ fasten fasten fiberb manu fiberb fiberb filler:

fillet:

stress finger fixed flakeb flat pa flush p flute:

flute c direct e: breakdown ential testing o ner: device fo w, bolt, lag bol ner, countersu ce of fastened ner, driven: ro re-wire nail an ner shear inde ve to shear re ner shear resi load, fastener ner withdrawa ner, based on ve to that of h ner withdrawa ner withdrawa board: in cont facture.

board, solid: s board pallet: s center ply or concave tran s.

r: see tine.

side: vertical board pallet:

allet surface:

pallet: see pa see corrugat corrugation di tion may be p n of functionin or intended se or connecting lt, adhesive, a unk: fastener d member.

ound-wire pla nd staple with ex (FSI): mea esistance of h istance (FSR) r withdrawal o al index (FWI) n lesser of sha igh-quality “b al resistance ( al or load, fas tainer industry solid board m see pallet, fib r plies of solid nsition from on wall of super see pallet, fla see pallet su allet, flush.

tion.

irection: norm arallel to leng ng, when palle ervice; ruptur pallet compo and weld.

r with top of h ain-shank, hel h the round- a asure of estim igh-quality “b

): computed or load, fasten

): measure o ank or leg wit base” pallet na

(FWR) or fast tener pull-thro y, solid or cor made by lamin erboard.

fiberb…