Grid_Int_Field_Guide.pdf

Region 1 Grid Intensification

Using CSE Protocols Field Procedures

March 2012

R1 Field Guide – Intensified Grid Inventory Table of Contents Version 1.2 i

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1: DATA COLLECTION OVERVIEW

A. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Data Entry (Use of Juniper Allegro)

1.2 Quality Control

1.3 Situation Prohibiting Data Collection

1.4 Order of Data Collection

1.5 Compass Declination

B. FINDING THE PLOT CENTER AND PLOT MONUMENTATION

1.6 Travel Description

1.7 Finding the Plot Center (GPS Method)

1.7.1 Finding the Plot Center Re-measurement

1.8 Monumentation of the Plot Center

1.8.1 Monumentation of the Plot Center Re-measurement

1.9 Plot Center Witness Trees

1.9.1 Plot Center Witness Trees Re-measurement

1.10 Photographing the Plot Location (if required)

C. PLOT LOCATION LAYOUT

1.11 Plot Location Layout

1.12 Slope Correction

D. SAMPLING PROCEDURES

1.13 Tree Sampling Procedures

1.14 Vegetation Composition Sampling Procedures

1.15 Ground Surface Cover Line Intercept Sampling Procedures

1.16 Down-Woody Materials Sampling Procedures

E. RE-MEASUREMENT

SECTION 2: SETTING AND PLOT LOCATION REFERENCE FORM

A. SETTING ITEMS

CSE 2.1 Project Name (25-character) Default CSE 2.2 Proclaimed Region (2-digit) Default CSE 2.3 Proclaimed National Forest (2-digit) Default CSE 2.4 District (2-digit) Default CSE 2.5 Location (2-digit) Required CSE 2.6 Stand Number/Plotid (4-digit) Required CSE 2.7 Owner (4-character) Default CSE 2.8 State (2-character) Default CSE 2.9 County (3-digit) Default CSE 2.10 Administrative Forest (2-digit) Default CSE 2.11 Date (8-digit) Required CSE 2.12 Photo ID – Do NOT record CSE 2.13 Examination Level (4-digit) Default CSE 2.14 Exam Purpose (2-character) Default CSE 2.15 Stratum (6-character) NOT required CSE 2.16 Existing Vegetation Reference (3-character) NOT required CSE 2.17 Existing Vegetation Composition Type – Do NOT record CSE 2.18 Potential Vegetation Reference (3-character) Required CSE 2.19 Potential Vegetation – Do NOT record CSE 2.20 Structure (2-character) NOT required ii

CSE 2.21 Setting Capable Growing Area: Forest Land Area (3-digit) Required CSE 2.22 Setting Fuel Model – Do NOT record CSE 2.23 Setting Elevation (5-digit) Required CSE 2.24 Aspect – Do NOT record CSE 2.25 Slope – Do NOT record CSE 2.26 Slope Position – Do NOT record CSE 2.27 Acres – Do NOT record CSE 2.28 Examiner (12-character) Required CSE 2.29 Precision Protocol (6-character) NOT required CSE 2.30 Radial Growth Interval (2-digit) NOT required CSE 2.31 Radial Growth Interval 2 (2-digit) NOT required CSE 2.32 Height Growth Interval (2-digit) NOT required CSE 2.33 Fuel Photo Reference (3-digit) NOT required CSE 2.34 Setting User Code (4-character) Required if plot area contains a situation that prohibits data collection CSE 2.35 Setting Lat Long Reference Datum CSE 2.36 Setting Remarks (242-character) CSE 2.37 Setting Damage Category (2-digit) Required if applicable; separate form in Exams software CSE 2.38 Setting Damage Agent (3-digit) Required if applicable CSE 2.39 Setting Damage Severity (2-character) Required if applicable CSE 2.40 Species of Management Interest (8-character) NOT required

B. PLOT LOCATION REFERENCE ITEMS

1. Travel Description

2. Truck Coordinates

3. Reference Point (RP)

4. RP to PC Traverse Information

5. Plot Center (PC) Coordinates

6. PC Witness Trees

7. Plot Location Map

8. Stand Narrative/Remarks

SECTION 3: SAMPLE DESIGN FORM

SECTION 4: PLOT DATA FORM

CSE 4.1 Plot Number (3-digit) Default CSE 4.2.1 Plot Latitude – Required at time of re-measurement CSE 4.2.2 Plot Longitude – Required at time of re-measurement CSE 4.3 Plot Capable Growing Area Percent (3-digit) Required CSE 4.4 Plot Aspect (3 digit) Required CSE 4.5 Plot Slope (3-digit) Required CSE 4.11 Plot Potential Vegetation (3-digit) Required

SECTION 5: TREE DATA FORM

A. TALLY TREE DEFINITIONS

B. TREE DATA ITEMS

CSE 5.1 Plot Number (3-digit) Default CSE 5.2 Tag ID Number CSE 5.3 Tree Status CSE 5.4 Tree Class CSE 5.5 Growth Sample Tree CSE 5.6 Tree Species CSE 5.7 Tree Count CSE 5.8 Number of Stems

CSE 5.9 DBH/DRC

CSE 5.10 Height (3-digit) CSE 5.12 Radial Growth (2-digit) iii

CSE 5.14 Height Growth CSE 5.15 Tree Age CSE 5.16 Crown Ratio CSE 5.17 Crown Class CSE 5.20 Snag Decay Class CSE 5.22 Tree Damage Category CSE 5.23 Tree Damage Agent CSE 5.25 Tree Damage Severity CSE 5.26 Tree Remarks

SECTION 6: VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND GROUND SURFACE COVER TRANSECTS FORMS

A. VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND GROUND COVER OVERVIEW

B. VEGETATION COMPOSITION/TREE CANOPY COVER – COVER BY LIFEFORM FORM

C. VEGETATION COMPOSITION – COVER BY SPECIES FORM

D. GROUND SURFACE LINE INTERCEPT FORM

SECTION 7: DOWN-WOODY MATERIALS FORM

A. DEFINITION OF DOWN-WOODY MATERIALS

1. Coarse Woody Debris (CWD)

2. Fine Woody Debris (FWD)

B. LOCATING AND ESTABLISHING LINE TRANSECTS

C. DOWN-WOODY MATERIALS ITEMS

7.1 Plot Number

7.2 and 7.3 First Duff and Second Duff Sampling Methods for Fine Woody Debris (Items 7.5.1, 7.5.2, and 7.5.3):

Sampling Methods for Coarse Woody Debris (Items 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, and 7.12):

APPENDICES:

APPENDIX A: DATA COLLECTION FORMS

Appendix A1: Setting and Plot Location Reference Form Appendix A2: Plot Location Photo Placard Appendix A3: Plot and Tree Data Form Appendix A4: Vegetation Composition Form Appendix A5: Ground Surface Cover Transects Form Appendix A6: Down-Woody Materials Form

APPENDIX B: GENERALIZED GPS OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

APPENDIX C: FINDING THE PLOT CENTER USING BASELINE TECHNIQUES

APPENDIX D: TOLERANCES FOR THE R1 INTENSIFIED GRID INVENTORY

APPENDIX E: TALLY TREE SPECIES (TIMBER AND WOODLAND SPECIES)

APPENDIX F: PLOT PACKET CONTENTS

APPENDIX G: RECOMMENDED FIELD GEAR

APPENDIX H: EDITING AN INTENSIFICATION TEMPLATE FILE

APPENDIX I: NOXIOUS AND SENSITIVE PLANTS LISTS:

INDEX

R1 Field Guide – Intensified Grid Inventory Introduction Version 1.0

Introduction

This Region 1 (R1) manual supplement outlines the procedures for the field implementation of the “Intensification of the FIA Grid Using CSE Protocols” resource inventory (referred to as the “R1 Intensified Grid Inventory” in this document). This inventory will combine: (1) Common Stand Exam (CSE) data collection protocols, and (2) Interior West Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) protocols.

Although this manual supplement is a combination of CSE and FIA variables and definitions, it is designed for use in conjunction with the R1 CSE Field Guide (March 2011). FIA definitions and procedures necessary for field implementation have been incorporated into this document.

As with the R1 CSE Field Guide, this document is divided into section chapters. Section 1 has been divided into the following subsections: (A) General Information, (B) Finding the Plot Center and Plot Monumentation, (C) Plot Location Layout, and (D) Sampling Procedures. The remaining sections in this manual supplement (sections 2 through 7) directly correspond to the section chapters in the most current version of the R1 CSE Field Guide (available:

http://fsweb.r1.fs.fed.us/forest/inv). For example, section 2 in this document and in the R1 CSE Field Guide relate to the Setting Form. To further assist the reader, all data items that pertain to the R1 CSE Field Guide are preceded by a “CSE” in this document. For example, EXAMINATION LEVEL is referenced as item number “2.13” in the CSE manual, and it is referenced as item “CSE 2.13” in this document.

Note: The only CSE fields addressed in this manual are those that are required by the Region.

These fields are included in the default intensification template for the Exams software program (refer to section 1.1, Data Entry).

Unless an item is defined within this manual, the associated CSE definition and appendices apply.

R1 Field Guide – Intensified Grid Inventory Data Collection Overview Version 1.2 Section 1

Section 1: Data Collection Overview

This section contains the following subsections: (A) General Information, (B) Finding the Plot Center and Plot Monumentation, (C) Plot Location Layout, and (D) Sampling Procedures.

A. General Information

1.1 Data Entry (Use of Juniper Allegro)

For the R1 Intensified Grid Inventory, record all data using a Juniper Systems Allegro CX or similar model (hereafter referred to as the PDR) using the Exams software (this software is available at the website listed below). In the event that the PDR is not functioning at the time of the inventory, use paper data forms to record field data (refer to appendix A). As an exception, always record Plot Location Reference Items (refer to section 2) and Ground Surface Cover Transects Data (refer to section 6) on the paper form; these forms are labeled “Supplemental” in the top right corner of the paper form.

The Forest or contract may also specify additional attributes to collect. Record all data items on the PDR, using Exams software, or on the specified form at the time of the inventory.

Exams software (available at website listed below) – Exams software users need to ensure that the most current version is downloaded. Each field crew will be provided with an intensification template file with intensified grid parameters set. This file includes the sample design and all valid lookup codes for discrete attributes. As an exception, refer to the R1 Intensification Plant List for acceptable species codes (available at website listed below). The default values, referenced in this manual, require no additional keystrokes for data entry using the Exams software.

Refer to appendix H for guidelines on creating an intensification template file to be used with the Exams software. Electronic versions of these template files are available at the website listed below.

R1 Websites:

Exams software – available at: http://fsweb.nris.fs.fed.us/products/PDR/CSE/installation.shtml

R1 Intensification Plant List (species codes) – available at: http://fsweb.r1.fs.fed.us/forest/inv/fia_data/int_grid.htm

Exams Software Intensification Template File – available at: contact R1 Field Protocols Specialist http://fsweb.nris.fs.fed.us/products/PDR/CSE/installation.shtml http://fsweb.r1.fs.fed.us/forest/inv/fia_data/int_grid.htm

Note: The only CSE fields addressed in this manual are those that are required by the Region.

These fields are included in the default intensification template for the Exams software program (refer to section 1.1, Data Entry).

1.2 Quality Control

The goal of the quality assurance program is to ensure that all resource inventory data are scientifically sound, of known quality, and thoroughly documented. Measurement quality objectives (MQO) are established as standards to define data quality. Part of the MQO is the allowable range of measurement or classification error, termed the tolerance. Data item tolerance limits are indicated throughout this manual (also refer to appendix D). Both contractors and forest account crews will be subject to periodic on-site inspections of plot locations to ensure that the fieldwork is being performed with the required accuracy and precision. Field checking is also conducted for the following reasons:

To obtain uniform and consistent interpretation and application of field instructions among all field crews.

To hold technique errors to a minimum.

To check the performance of each individual crew member.

To reveal inadequacies in the manual and at training.

To assess and document the quality (accuracy, precision, completeness) of field data.

At least 10 percent of all field plots must be blind or cold checked for quality assurance.

The Forest must provide all QA/QC documentation to the Regional Office as required.

These audits will be monitored by the Regional Office to ensure strict data standards are maintained.

1.3 Situation Prohibiting Data Collection

If an entire plot or portion of a plot cannot be sampled because of a situation prohibiting data collection, such as a permanent physical condition/feature restricting access (e.g., cliffs, water, developed structure), collect as much data as can safely and accurately be collected. If the actual plot center cannot be occupied, consider the entire plot inaccessible because accurate data cannot be collected without occupying the plot center.

Never sample private land. If a plot lands on private land (a very rare situation), contact the Regional Field Coordinator to develop a solution. On the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form, complete the following items:

SETTING USER CODE (item CSE 2.34) – Record SETTING USER CODE to indicate the following: (a) the reason why data could not be collected, and (b) the portion of the plot that has missing data. Refer to item CSE 2.34 for further detail.

SETTING REMARKS (item CSE 2.35) – Describe the situation/condition prohibiting data collection in the SETTING REMARKS.

1.4 Order of Data Collection

The suggested order of data collection is as follows:

Take photo (if required for the project) while collecting GPS point data Collect vegetation composition and ground surface cover information Collect down-woody material data Collect tree data

1.5 Compass Declination

For this inventory, set the compass declination to zero (magnetic north). Use this setting for all sampling protocol (e.g., compass readings, directions, tree azimuths).

B. Finding the Plot Center and Plot Monumentation

1.6 Travel Description

As an aid in relocating the plot location in future inventories, it is necessary to provide a description of travel from a highway intersection, or other prominent landmark, to the vicinity of the Reference Point (RP, described below). Refer to section 2, Plot Location Reference Items, for instructions on recording a travel description on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form.

1.7 Finding the Plot Center (GPS Method)

It is the responsibility of the field crew to locate the plot location center (PC) on the ground as indicated by the stated plot coordinates. Wherever possible, use the following global positioning system (GPS) procedures as the primary method for locating the PC.

In the event that it is not possible to obtain satellite coverage to navigate to the PC (e.g., malfunctioning GPS, heavy canopy cover, dead batteries, poor satellite reception) locate the PC using alternative baseline techniques described in appendix C. If necessary, plot the location of the PC on topographic maps and/or aerial photography prior to locating the PC on the ground.

Refer to appendix B for general GPS operating instructions and settings. Note that there are many makes and models of GPS that can work for plot establishment; the next section discusses GPS requirements.

GPS Method to Establishing the PC:

1. GPS Receiver Requirements. Use a GPS receiver that has the ability to be

WAAS enabled and obtain the stated accuracy of ± 15 meters (49.2 feet) or less in the horizontal dimension. The easting and northing coordinates acquired by the GPS for the PC must be ± 10 meters (32.8 feet) of the stated plot location center.

The GPS must be capable of a route or distance function for navigation.

All GPS data must use the following format for Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates:

Map Projection – UTM, Zone is specific to project area

Geodetic Datum – NAD83

Coordinate System – UTM

Geographic System – Latitude/Longitude (Lat/Long)

2. RP Selection. Prior to locating the PC using the GPS, it is necessary to designate a plot location reference point. A Reference Point (RP) is a landmark that is used in establishing the position of the PC. The RP is also used to relocate the PC in future inventories.

Designate a RP that is readily identifiable on both the ground and the aerial photograph/DOQ (digital ortho-quad). The RP should be close to the plot location, but at least 100 feet from the PC. Select a landmark such as a prominent tree or large boulder, a sharp bend in a road, a fence corner, etc. If a tree (preferred) is designated for the RP, select a tree that is not likely to die or be removed within the next 10-15 years. If possible, choose a RP with a view of the southern sky to allow for optimum satellite reception. Do not select a RP that is in close proximity to features that will interfere with compass readings (such as metal structures/objects, barbed-wire fences, high-power transmission lines).

A unique and obviously identifiable RP (on both the aerial photograph and the ground) may be critical in relocating the PC for future inventories should significant change occur over time. As a recommendation, place an additional pinprick at the location of the RP on the aerial photograph with the PC pinprick. Circle and label the RP on the back of the photograph.

Refer to section 2 for instructions on recording RP items (e.g., RP species, RP diameter, RP description) on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form.

3. Tagging the RP. Attach to the RP, when appropriate, aluminum racetrack tags scribed with “RP PLOT #". If a tree is selected as the RP, nail aluminum tags with aluminum nails on two sides of the tree approximately 6 feet above ground level, and with at least 1 inch of nail exposed (to allow for tree growth between inventories). Nail one of the tags facing in the general route of approach to the RP.

Nail a third tag at ground level facing towards the plot. If the RP is in a place where there is a high probability that a tag at 6 feet above the ground may be vandalized, only attach the tag at ground level and make a note on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form under STAND NARRATIVE/REMARKS (appendix A1).

If no tree is available, mark rocks or other objects with a paint pen or however possible and record in the notes section.

Plot Locations in Wilderness Areas: Nail only one tag at ground level, facing the PC. Use tags that have been spray painted brown or grey on both sides. Carefully select and adequately describe the RP to provide sufficient means for future relocation. Remove all flagging before leaving the vicinity. The heads of all aluminum nails should also be painted brown.

4. Acquiring GPS Coordinates for the RP/PC. Use the GPS to find the position

(coordinates) of the RP and PC. However, prior to obtaining coordinates for the PC, first obtain the coordinates for the RP and determine a distance and azimuth from the RP to PC. The UTM coordinates obtained for the PC are dependent on the UTM coordinates that are first obtained for RP.

As previously stated, refer to appendix B for general GPS operating instructions.

Record RP and PC UTM coordinate information on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form (refer to section 2, Plot Location Reference Items). Additionally, enter PC coordinates in the plot data form in Exams

GPS Tips:

Use the Averaging option of the GPS to provide coordinates for the position of the RP (or PC) on the UTM grid system (refer to appendix B).

Elevate the GPS receiver off the ground and remove all obstructions that may block reception; use the external antenna if necessary.

Acquire an almanac and assure a current position fix of three-dimensional “3D” status by remaining in the same location for at least 3 minutes. After the almanac has been collected, proceed to collect and record the coordinates of the location of the RP or PC.

Point features are surveyed when the GPS antenna is over the RP or PC for a period of time. During that time, 30 individual GPS position fixes are collected and averaged to give a single location for the point. While acquiring 30 fixes, the GPS receiver must not move as satellite signals are continuously received.

5. Traversing from the RP to the PC. Using the GPS, determine the distance and azimuth from the RP to the PC waypoint. Using a tape, compass, and clinometer, traverse from the RP to PC along the determined distance and azimuth correcting the distance for slope if it exceeds 10 percent.

Record RP to PC traverse information (azimuth, horizontal distance, slope distance) on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form, as specified in section 2, Plot Location Reference Items.

6. PC Verification. Upon arrival at the PC, put a metal stake in the ground. As described in step 4 above, use the GPS to acquire the UTM coordinates for the position of the PC which must be within 15 meters of the theoretical plot coordinates.

Check aerial photographs and the topographic map to verify the PC position.

If the aerial photograph has a PC pinprick, also verify the placement of the PC pinprick. If the PC pinprick and the GPS placement disagree by more than 0.1 inches, re-pinprick the aerial photograph and indicate the correct position of the PC on the back of the photo.

Tolerance (Finding the PC):

Estimated Horizontal Error (acquiring RP/PC coordinates): ± 10 meters RP Selection: at least 100 feet from the PC, unless extenuating circumstances apply Placement of PC (RP to PC traverse):

RP to PC Azimuth: ± 2 degrees

RP to PC Distance: ± 6 feet per 100 feet of transect (30 feet maximum).

1.7.1 Finding the Plot Center Re-measurement

It is the responsibility of the field crew to re-locate the plot center (PC) on the ground with the provided plot coordinates. If the plot cannot be re-located after one hour of searching, re-establish the plot as per the instructions in section 1.7. The following conditions require that you inform the contracting officer’s representative:

Plot installed in the wrong county or state.

You could not find the plot.

Plot more than 500 feet from the theoretical coordinates provided in plot packet.

Plot lands outside the National Forest System boundary – if this happens, stop.

Do not work on private land or any land not administered by the National Forest System.

1.8 Monumentation of the Plot Center

Mark the plot location center (PC) on the ground with a metal stake. If a metal stake cannot be placed in the ground because of bedrock, etc., build a rock cairn (rock pile) around the stake. If the PC cannot be monumented at all (e.g., in a river, on a paved road), place an offset stake where possible. Record the azimuth (to the nearest degree) and slope distance (to the nearest 0.1 foot) from the offset stake to the PC on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form under PC COORDINATES (appendix A1). Take all measurements for data samples from the actual PC, not from the offset stake.

1.8.1 Monumentation of the Plot Center Re-measurement

If monumentation is damaged (stake missing or obviously in the wrong place), follow the same instructions in section 1.8 to re-monument the plot.

1.9 Plot Center Witness Trees

Record witness tree information (tree number, species, diameter, azimuth, slope distance to PC) on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form and Tree|Navigation form under Plot Data in Exams software as specified in section 2, Plot Location Reference Items.

1. Witness Tree Selection. Preferably, witness trees should be as follows:

“X” Tree:

On the extension of the RP to PC azimuth, if possible.

Ideally, a distance of 25-30 feet from the PC.

If there are no suitable trees at 25-30 feet, use a tree within the subplot radius (24.0 feet or less).

“Y” Tree:

As close to PC as possible.

At a right angle to the X tree to PC azimuth, if possible.

“X and Y “ trees should be:

Not likely to die within 10 years.

A species easily located on the site (e.g. an Engelmann spruce in lodgepole pine forest type). Avoid aspen, if possible; if an aspen tree is used, be sure it is off the subplot and only marked with a paint pen – no nails.

At least 5.0-inches DBH for timber species.

If no live trees are within the vicinity of the PC (e.g., clearcut, burn area) select alternative witness landmarks that are likely to be present in 10 years (e.g., a sound snag, prominent rock, rock cairn). Describe the alternative landmarks selected on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form under STAND NARRATIVE/REMARKS (appendix A1). If appropriate, mark the landmark in some manner (e.g., use a paint pen or tag if possible).

2. Tagging Witness Trees.

For X trees: Scribe two aluminum racetrack tags, labeled “X PLOT #” (with the actual plot number). Nail one tag to the base of the tree (ground level) and the other tag approximately 6 feet above the ground, with both tags facing the PC stake. If a small tree is used, do not tag the tree above the ground at 6 feet, but record a note on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form under STAND NARRATIVE/REMARKS (appendix A.1).

For Y trees: Scribe one aluminum racetrack tag, labeled “Y PLOT #”. Nail the tag to the base of the tree, with the tag facing the PC stake.

1.9.1 Plot Center Witness Trees Re-measurement

When re-measuring plots or re-establishing plots because you cannot locate the original or the previous crew did not place the plot on NFS land, or old witness trees have died, establish new witness trees or maintain the existing witness trees if they are still alive and meet witness tree criteria. In either case, enter witness tree information in the Exams software under the Witness Section. Replace any missing tree tags and check distance and azimuth measurements. Pull nails holding tags if the tree has grown such that only 1/3 of the nail is in wood.

1.10 Photographing the Plot Location (if required)

As an additional aid in describing the plot location, and as a record of conditions at the time of the field inventory, take photographs of the plot location using a digital field camera.

Procedure: At each plot location, stand over the PC stake and take four photographs in the cardinal directions (i.e., take pictures facing north, east, south, and west). Include a Plot Location Photo Placard in each picture (appendix A.2), placed in the lower right-hand corner of the view, indicating the State, County, Plot (Location) Number, and direction faced (N, E, S, or W). Be sure the placard is legible, but do not allow the placard to obstruct the view of the site. Note: Field compass declination is set to 0 degrees.

It is best to take the photographs in moderate light conditions. Shade the lens from direct sunlight when necessary, and use the flash in dark conditions (dense stands, cloudy days, etc.).

C. Plot Location Layout

1.11 Plot Location Layout

The plot location layout (figure 1) consists of a subplot (1/24th-acre fixed-radius plot), a microplot (1/300th-acre fixed-radius plot), two 60-foot transects, and four 25-foot transects. Each sample plot area is used to inventory trees of a specified diameter size, as indicated below. The subplot area is also used to sample vegetation composition.

The 60-foot transects (horizontal distance) are used for sampling down-woody materials, and the 25-foot transects (slope distance) are used for collecting ground surface cover information. All sample plot areas are centered on the PC stake. All transects extend outward from the PC stake. Sampling procedures are specified below.

Macroplot Option: Forests may install an optional macroplot (1/4th-acre fixed-radius plot) with approval of the Regional Office (refer to comment box below).

Sample Plot Area

Sample Trees*

Tree Size

(DBH/DRC)

Fixed-Plot Radius (horizontal distance)

Subplot Large Trees ≥ 5.0 inches 24.0 feet

Microplot Saplings 1.0- to 4.9-inches 6.8 feet

Microplot Seedling Count 6.8 feet

* Tally Tree species (appendix E)

Macroplot Option – An optional macroplot (1/4th-acre fixed-radius plot), centered on the PC stake, can be installed to measure tally trees ≥ 21.0 inches in diameter.

With this option, tally trees are sampled as specified below:

Sample Trees*

Tree Size

(DBH/DRC)

Fixed-Plot Radius (horizontal distance)

Macroplot Large Trees ≥ 21.0 inches 58.9 feet

Subplot Large Trees 5.0- to 20.9 inches 24.0 feet

Microplot Saplings 1.0- to 4.9-inches 6.8 feet

Microplot Seedling Count 6.8 feet

* Tally Tree species (appendix E)

NOTE: Prior to implementing this option, Forests must first acquire approval from the Regional Office.

Figure 1 – Plot location layout.

Key:

Microplot

Subplot

Macroplot (optional)

Transects:

Ground Surface Cover

Down-Woody Materials (CWD)

Down-Woody Materials (FWD)

(or 5.0- to 20.9-inches for Macroplot option)

Ground Surface Cover

Down-Woody Materials:

Coarse-Woody Debris

(CWD) (0 and 180 degrees for even-numbered plots;

90 and 270 degrees for odd-numbered plots)

Fine-Woody Debris

(FWD) (between 14- and 24-feet on north or east transect) Note" FWD

Sample Items:

24.0 feet

▪ Trees: ≥ 5.0-inches DBH/DRC

▪ Vegetation Composition

Subplot

Transects:

four 25-ft transects, slope distance

Microplot 6.8 feet

Macroplot (optional)

▪ Trees: ≥ 21.0-inches DBH/DRC

6- to 10-foot subsection, horz. distance

Length:

N

Plot Radius (horizontal distance)

Sample

Plot Area

58.9 feet

▪ Trees: 1.0- to 4.9-inches DBH/DRC

▪ Seedling counts

(at 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees) two 60-ft transects, horizontal distance

0 (360)°

180°

90° 270°

PC

1.12 Slope Correction

Sample plot area perimeters are based on horizontal distance. Distance correction for slope is necessary when the slope exceeds 10 percent. Use a clinometer to determine the appropriate slope correction (example listed below), or refer to appendix J (Fixed-Radius Plot) of the R1 CSE Field Guide for slope correction tables.

Slope Correction using a clinometer with a SCF scale: Determine the “slope correction factor” (SCF) for the angle of the slope.

Horizontal Ground Distance = Slope Ground Distance

Slope Correction Factor

OR

Slope Ground Distance = (Horizontal Ground Dist.) x SCF

Note:

Do not assign one slope corrected distance to the entire plot as stated in appendix J of the CSE manual. Instead, do one horizontal distance for each tree. Additionally, calculate a horizontal distance for each plant species that only needs to be present to be recorded, for example: noxious weeds.

Example:

If SCF = 1.03 (25 percent slope)

To determine the slope distance needed to equal 24.0 ft horizontal distance:

Slope Ground Dist. = 24.0 x 1.03

Slope Ground Dist. = 24.72 feet

Therefore, measure out 24.7 feet along the slope of the ground to equal 24.0 feet horizontal distance.

D. Sampling Procedures

1.13 Tree Sampling Procedures

Sample all plot areas (subplot, microplot, and macroplot, if approved) as described below.

Refer to section 5 for details on Tree data items.

Tally trees – timber and woodland species: “Tally Trees” is a term used to refer to all of the qualifying trees (see below) that are sampled on the subplot and microplot (and macroplot, if approved). Only certain species are considered for tree tally and seedling counts. These species are referred to as “timber” or “woodland” species. Refer to appendix E for a list of tally tree species for the R1 Intensified Grid Inventory. Timber species diameters are measured at breast height, 4.5 feet above the ground (Diameter at Breast Height, DBH); exceptions apply to trees with bole irregularities. Woodland species are measured for diameter at ground level or the stem-root collar, whichever is higher (Diameter at Root Collar, DRC); a cumulative DRC is computed for multi-stemmed woodland species. Refer to section 5, CSE 5.9 DBH/DRC.

Tally tree terminology (live tree, standing dead tree, sapling, etc.) is presented in further detail in section 5, Tree Data Form (see Tally Tree Definitions).

Macroplot Option: Sampling procedures/criteria for large trees (≥ 5.0 inches DBH/DRC) on the subplot and macroplot are listed below in “comment boxes.”

Procedures for the sapling tally and seedling counts are the same for all sampling options. Prior to implementing this option, Forests must first obtain approval from the Regional Office.

Procedures:

1. Large Tree Tally (Subplot).

a. Procedures. Stand directly over the PC stake. Starting at 1 degree azimuth (declination set at zero), rotate clockwise and tally all qualifying trees with a diameter ≥ 5.0 inches that fall within the perimeter of the subplot (24.0-ft horizontal distance). For a qualifying tree to be tallied, the horizontal distance from the PC stake to the geographic center of the stem(s), or the center of the bole (pith) at the base of the tree, must be 24.0 feet or less. Refer to section 5, Tree Data Form (CSE 5.2 TAG ID NUMBER), for tree numbering specifications.

Macroplot Option – use the following procedures:

Procedures. Stand directly over the PC stake. Starting at 1 degree azimuth (declination set at zero), rotate clockwise and tally all qualifying trees that fall within the perimeter of the subplot (24.0-ft horizontal distance) and the macroplot (58.9-ft horizontal distance). Refer to section 5, Tree Data Form (CSE 5.2 TAG ID NUMBER), for tree numbering specifications.

1) Subplot trees – Tally all qualifying trees with a diameter between 5.0 and 20.9 inches. For a qualifying tree to be tallied, the horizontal distance from the PC stake to the geographic center of the stem(s), or the center of the bole (pith) at the base of the tree, must be 24.0 feet or less.

2) Macroplot trees – Tally all qualifying trees 21.0-inches in diameter or larger. For a qualifying tree to be tallied, the horizontal distance from the PC stake to the geographic center of the stem(s), or the center of the bole (pith) at the base of the tree, must be 58.9 feet or less.

b. Qualifying Trees. Trees qualifying for tally are classified as follows:

1) Live timber species trees (5.0 inches DBH and larger).

Macroplot option: Use 5.0- to 20.9-inches DBH for the subplot, and ≥ 21.0 inches DBH for the macroplot.

Trees are defined as being “alive” if they have any living parts (leaves, buds, cambium) at or above the point of diameter measurement. Trees that have been defoliated may still be alive.

Live trees do not have to be self-supported (standing independently). Other trees, branches, or their crown may support them.

Live timber species trees are further classified as growing-stock (sound), rough, or rotten as follows (note: the merchantable bole on a timber species is defined as the portion of a tree, 5.0-inches DBH or larger, between a 1-foot stump and a 4.0-inch top diameter):

a) A growing-stock (sound) live timber species has at least 1/3 of the merchantable volume in live and solid wood and contains at least one solid 8-foot section now or prospectively, reasonably free of form defect.

b) A rough live timber species has less than 1/3 of the merchantable volume live and solid, with more than half of the unsound wood due to solid dead wood volume or severe form defect; or, a live tree that does not now, nor prospectively, have at least one solid 8-foot section reasonably free of form defect, on the bole.

c) A rotten live timber species has less than 1/3 of the volume live and solid, with more than half of the unsound wood due to rotten and/or missing volume.

2) Live woodland species trees (5.0 inches DRC and larger).

For multi-stemmed woodland trees to qualify for tally, at least one measured stem must be 1.0-inch DRC or larger, and the cumulative (calculated) DRC must be 5.0 inches DRC or larger.

Macroplot option: For multi-stemmed woodland trees to qualify for tally, at least one measured stem must be 1.0-inch DRC or larger, and the cumulative (calculated) DRC must be

5.0 to 20.9 inches for the subplot, or 21.0 inches or larger for the macroplot.

Trees are defined as being “alive” if they have any living parts (leaves, buds, cambium) at or above the point of diameter measurement. Trees that have been defoliated may still be alive.

Live trees do not have to be self-supported (standing independently). Other trees, branches, or their crown may support them.

Treat all woodland species that have several stems clumped together, with a unified crown, and appearing to be from the same root origin, as a single tree.

3) Standing dead timber species (5.0 inches DBH and larger).

Macroplot option: Use 5.0- to 20.9-inches DBH for the subplot, and ≥ 21.0 inches DBH for the macroplot.

To qualify as a standing timber species, the main tree stem/bole must be at least 4.5 feet tall (i.e., a standing timber species cannot be broken below

4.5 feet) and lean less than 45 degrees from vertical. Trees supported by other trees or by their own branches are considered standing if lean is < 45 degrees.

Portions of boles on dead trees that are separated greater than 50 percent (either above or below 4.5 feet), are considered severed and are included in Down-Woody Debris (DWD) if they otherwise meet DWD tally criteria (refer to section 7). Trees that have been cut above DBH qualify as tally trees, provided they meet the size requirement.

Standing dead timber species trees are further classified as either salvable (hard) or non-salvable (soft):

a) A salvable (hard) dead tree has a minimum of 1/3 of the original merchantable volume in solid wood (less than 67 percent rotten and/or missing).

b) A non-salvable (soft) dead tree has less than 33 percent of the original merchantable volume in solid wood (more than 67 percent rotten and/or missing).

2. Sapling Tally (Microplot).

a. Procedures. Stand directly over the PC stake. Starting at 1 degree azimuth (declination set at zero), rotate clockwise and tally all qualifying trees that fall within the perimeter of the microplot (6.8-ft horizontal distance). For a qualifying tree to be tallied, the horizontal distance from the PC stake to the geographic center of the stem(s), or the center of the bole (pith) at the base of the tree, must be 6.8 feet or less. Trees are tallied and numbered clockwise starting with the last number recorded on the subplot (and macroplot, if established). Refer to section 5 (CSE 5.2 TAG ID NUMBER) for tree numbering specifications.

b. Qualifying trees.

1) Live timber species saplings (1.0- to 4.9-inches DBH).

Live timber species saplings are further classified as either growing-stock (sound) or rough as follows (note: to classify, examine these trees from a 1-foot stump to a 1.0-inch top diameter).

a) A growing-stock (sound) live timber species sapling is one that is expected to become a growing-stock (sound) tree 5.0-inches DBH or larger at maturity.

b) A rough live timber species sapling is one that is precluded from becoming a growing-stock (sound) tree, 5.0-inches DBH or larger by rotation age, due to suppression or damage.

2) Live woodland species saplings (1.0- to 4.9-inches DRC).

For a multi-stemmed woodland species sapling to qualify for tally, at least one measured stem must be 1.0-inch DRC or larger, and the cumulative (calculated) DRC must be between 1.0 and 4.9 inches DRC and 1 foot in length.

3. Seedling Counts (Microplot).

Procedures: Within the perimeter of the microplot area (6.8 feet horizontal distance), record the number of live tree seedlings by species. Only include species listed as tally tree species (refer to appendix E).

To Qualify for the Seedling Count:

Conifer seedlings must be at least 1.0 inch in length and less than 1.0 inch at DBH in order to qualify for counting. Hardwood seedlings must be at least 1.0 foot in length and less than 1.0 inch at DBH to qualify for counting. For woodland species, each stem on a single tree must be less than 1.0 inch at DRC and at least 1.0 foot in length.

Multiple “suckers” of aspen that originate from the same location and stump sprouts are considered one seedling. Do not count fir “layers” (undetached branches partially or completely covered by soil, usually at the base) as seedlings. Once a stem within a fir layer meets sapling tree qualifications, then tally the stem as a sapling.

Note: Seedling counts (grouped by species) are further divided into height classes and called seedling groups. Data collection for seedling groups is described in further detail in section 5 (refer to TREE COUNT, CSE 5.7, for height classes).

1.14 Vegetation Composition Sampling Procedures

On the 1/24th-acre subplot area, estimate Vegetation Composition canopy coverage, (Total Vegetation, Cover by Lifeform, Cover by Lifeform by Layer), and complete a Species List for all species with 5 percent cover or greater. Also, complete an Invasive Species List for “designated” species, regardless of cover, as specified in section 6. Base all estimates on the cover of vegetation and plant parts that are (or were) alive during the current growing season, and are located within the subplot perimeter (24.0-ft radius, horizontal distance). Additionally, section 6 has a method for measuring canopy cover on a 100 foot transect.

Refer to section 6 (Vegetation Composition Cover by Lifeform and Vegetation Composition Cover by Species) for details on data items and sampling protocol.

1.15 Ground Surface Cover Line Intercept Sampling Procedures

Lay out four transects that originate from plot center (PC stake) and extend outward 25.0 feet slope distance at azimuths of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees. For this sample, lay a cloth tape along the slope of the ground; do not correct the slope distance to obtain horizontal distance. Mark the end of the transect lines with a pin or Popsicle stick.

Ground Surface Cover Transects configuration:

Beginning at the 1-foot mark from PC (along each transect direction), place a tip of a plot stake or sharply pointed staff on the ground along the transect line at each 1-foot mark (against the right side of the tape with your back to plot center). Record each point, referred to as a “hit,” on the Ground Surface Cover Transects Form (supplemental form -appendix A5) by the appropriate ground surface cover type category (see section 6 for cover type categories). If more than one category occurs at a point (e.g., litter on top of a rock), always record the ground cover category that is on top (i.e., the category that the pointed staff touches first). Note: Foliar canopy cover above the soil surface plane is not considered to be ground surface cover.

Repeat procedure for each transect direction. Each of the four transect directions will contain 25 hits (for a total of 100 hits for the entire plot).

Refer to section 6 (Ground Surface Cover Transects Form) for details on data items and sampling protocol.

1.16 Down-Woody Materials Sampling Procedures

Lay out two transects that originate from plot center (PC stake) and extend outward 60.0 feet horizontal distance. For even-numbered plots, orient transects at azimuths of 0 (360) and 180 degrees. For odd-numbered plots, orient transects at azimuths of 90 and 270 degrees. Mark the end of each transect with a pin or Popsicle stick.

Sample coarse-woody debris (CWD) along the entire length of both transects. Sample fine-woody debris (FWD) along a 6- to 10-foot subsection of transect between 14- and 24-feet, horizontal distance. For even-numbered plots, sample FWD on the north transect (oriented at 0 degrees). For odd-numbered plots, sample FWD on the east transect (oriented at 90 degrees).

Start “hits” at 1-foot mark

(25 hits per transect direction)

0°

90°

180°

270°

Plot Center

Refer to section 7 (Down-Woody Materials Form) for details on data items and sampling protocol.

E. Re-measurement

If this inventory is part of a re-measurement effort, pay particular attention to the re-measurement section associated with each data item. Some items are updated, some are not.

Key:

Plot Center (PC)

Microplot

Transects (all distances, horizontal):

CWD (two 60-ft transects)

0 and 180 degrees for even-numbered plots

90 and 270 degrees for odd-numbered plots

FWD (6- to 10-foot subsection) between 14- and 24-ft on north transect (0 °) for even-numbered on east transect (90 °) for odd-numbered plots

Subplot

End Transect #1 (60-ft)

PC (start)

End Transect #2 (60-ft)

FIRST DUFF (24-ft)

SECOND DUFF (24-ft)

R1 Field Guide – Intensified Grid Inventory Setting and Plot Location Reference Form Version 1.2 Section 2

Section 2: Setting and Plot Location Reference Form

This section describes attributes collected on the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form. It contains the following subsections: (A) Setting Items, and (B) Plot Location Reference Items.

Setting items (preceded by CSE) are data items (fields) that are collected electronically with Exams software.

Plot Location Reference Items includes variables related to finding and monumenting the plot location (e.g., Reference Point, RP to PC Traverse Info, PC Witness Trees). These items MUST be recorded on the “paper” data form (refer to the Setting and Plot Location Reference Form, appendix A1).

A. Setting Items Note for re-measurement: Change data items 2.11 (date), 2.28 (examiner), and measurement number; check all other setting data items to make sure they are correct, if there is an error, fix it and notify the COR of the change Follow the procedures indicated in section 2 of the R1 CSE Field Guide for the Setting Form unless indicated otherwise below. If necessary, refer to the associated appendices located in the R1 CSE Field Guide. Field number, name, and size (digit/character width) are as defined in the R1 CSE Field Guide. Enter data items in the Exams software.

CSE 2.1 Project Name (25-character) Default Record the project name. Preface each project name with ‘GRID INT’ (use this preface for all project names associated with the R1 Intensified Grid Inventory).

CSE 2.2 Proclaimed Region (2-digit) Default

CSE 2.3 Proclaimed National Forest (2-digit) Default

CSE 2.4 District (2-digit) Default

CSE 2.5 Location (2-digit) Required Use the LOCATION code assigned by the R1 Intensification Plot Location Software.

CSE 2.6 Stand Number/Plotid (4-digit) Required

Use the PLOTID code assigned by the R1 Intensification Plot Location Software.

CSE 2.7 Owner (4-character) Default

CSE 2.8 State (2-character) Default

CSE 2.9 County (3-digit) Default Record the code identifying the county where the plot center is located. Some intensification projects may encompass more than one county. Refer to the “drop-down menu” in the Exams software for a list of all valid county codes.

CSE 2.10 Administrative Forest (2-digit) Default

CSE 2.11 Date (8-digit) Required For new plots (data not previously entered into the Exams software), the date will be automatically inserted. For all other plots (some data previously recorded into the Exams software), update the code by placing the cursor in the date field and recording the calendar month, day, and year that the plot is completed (MMDDYYYY).

CSE 2.12 Photo ID – Do NOT record

CSE 2.13 Examination Level (4-digit) Default Record the examination level (3421) for the R1 Intensified Grid Inventory as follows:

CSE 2.14 Exam Purpose (2-character) Default Record ‘FI’ for FIA Grid Intensification.

CSE 2.15 Stratum (6-character) NOT required

CSE 2.16 Existing Vegetation Reference (3-character) NOT required

CSE 2.17 Existing Vegetation Composition Type – Do NOT record

CSE 2.18 Potential Vegetation Reference (3-character) Required Record the code identifying the reference used to obtain PLOT POTENTIAL VEGETATION (refer to section 4, CSE 4.11).

CSE 2.19 Potential Vegetation – Do NOT record

CSE 2.20 Structure (2-character) NOT required

CSE 2.21 Setting Capable Growing Area: Forest Land Area (3-digit) Required

Estimate the percent of the subplot area (24.0-ft radius) that meets the following “Forest Land” definitions. A SETTING CAPABLE GROWING AREA code of “100” indicates an entirely forested plot. A SETTING CAPABLE GROWING AREA code of “0” indicates a non-forested plot, such as a meadow. If the plot has both forested and non-forested conditions that meet minimum requirements, then record the percent of the subplot area that is in the forested condition.

Macroplot option: If this option is used, base the SETTING CAPABLE GROWING AREA estimate on the 1/4th-acre area (58.9-ft radius).

NOTE: If a portion of the plot area is located in a condition that cannot be sampled (e.g., due to a hazardous condition, water, private ownership), do not include, or deduct, the nonsampled portion in the estimate. Base the entire SETTING CAPABLE GROWING AREA estimate only on the portion of the plot area that would qualify for sample. For example, if 10% of the plot area extends onto private land, but the remainder of the plot is entirely forested, then record “100” (since the qualifying portion of the plot is 100% forest land). On the other hand, if 10% of the plot area extends onto private land, but the remaining portion of the plot is 60% forest land and 40% nonforest, then record “60” (since the qualifying portion of the plot is 60% forest land).

“Forest Land” is defined as:

(a) Land that is at least 10-percent stocked by trees of any size, or has been at least

10-percent stocked in the past. Land is considered to be 10-percent stocked if it has 5 percent crown cover of trees or has any combination of 40 seedling or saplings per acre. Additionally, “Forest Land” is not subject to nonforest use(s) that prevent normal tree regeneration and succession such as regular mowing, intensive grazing, or recreation activities. The area of “Forest Land” must be at least 1.0 acre in size and 120 feet wide measured from the outermost edges.

Forested strips must be 120 feet wide for a continuous length of at least 363 feet in order to meet the acre threshold.

(b) Exceptions to the minimum size requirement include the following:

Improved roads (paved roads, gravel roads, or improved dirt roads maintained for long-term use)

Maintained rights-of-way (corridors created for railroads, power lines, gas lines, etc., which are treated to limit the establishment and growth of trees and shrubs)

Developments (structures and the maintained area next to a structure;

houses, trailers, barns, sheds, etc.)

Linear water features that are at least 30.0 feet wide (the width of a linear water feature is measured across its channel between points on either side up to which water prevents the establishment and survival of trees)

(c) Within “Forest Land” unimproved roads, rock outcrops, and natural nonforest openings less than 1.0 acre in size and less than 120.0 feet in width are considered forest land.

(d) Transition zones between forested and nonforest lands are considered forested.

Lands that do not meet the “Forest Land” definition are considered “Nonforest Land.”

Tolerance (Setting Capable Growing Area: Forest Land Area): ± 25 percent

CSE 2.22 Setting Fuel Model – Do NOT record

CSE 2.23 Setting Elevation (5-digit) Required Record the elevation (to the nearest foot) as determined from the GPS unit.

Tolerance (Elevation): ± 100 feet

CSE 2.24 Aspect – Do NOT record

CSE 2.25 Slope – Do NOT record

CSE 2.26 Slope Position – Do NOT record

CSE 2.27 Acres – Do NOT record

CSE 2.28 Examiner (12-character) Required

CSE 2.29 Precision Protocol (6-character) NOT required

CSE 2.30 Radial Growth Interval (2-digit) NOT required

CSE…