CSE_FieldGuide.pdf

x = ∑x n

Report 15-2 v5.0

March 20, 2015

Region 1 Common Stand Exam and Inventory and Monitoring Field Guide

R1 Field Guide – Common Stand Exam Table of Contents i

SECTION 1: DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

1.1 REGION 1 REQUIRED FIELDS

1.2 EXAM LEVELS FOR THE TREE FORM

1.2.1 Intensive Exam

1.2.2 Extensive Exam

1.2.3 Quick Plot Exam

1.3 REQUIRED FIELDS FOR THE TREE DATA FORM BY EXAM LEVEL

1.4 REQUIRED FIELDS FOR THE VEGETATION COMPOSITION FORM BY EXAM LEVEL

1.5 REQUIRED FIELDS FOR THE DOWN-WOODY MATERIALS FORM BY EXAM LEVEL

SECTION 2: SETTING FORM - INTENSIVE / EXTENSIVE EXAM LEVELS

2.1 PROJECT NAME

2.2 PROCLAIMED REGION

2.3 PROCLAIMED NATIONAL FOREST

2.4 DISTRICT

2.5 LOCATION

2.6 STAND NUMBER

2.7 OWNER

2.8 STATE

2.9 COUNTY

2.10 ADMINISTRATIVE FOREST

2.11 DATE

2.12 PHOTO ID

2.13 EXAMINATION LEVEL

2.14 EXAM PURPOSE

2.15 STRATUM

2.16 EXISTING VEGETATION REFERENCE

2.17 EXISTING VEGETATION COMPOSITION TYPE

2.18 POTENTIAL VEGETATION REFERENCE

2.19 POTENTIAL VEGETATION

2.20 STRUCTURE

2.21 SETTING CAPABLE GROWING AREA

2.22 SETTING FUEL MODEL

2.23 SETTING ELEVATION

2.24 SETTING ASPECT

2.25 SETTING SLOPE

2.26 SETTING SLOPE POSITION

2.27 ACRES

2.28 EXAMINER

2.29 PRECISION PROTOCOL

2.30 RADIAL GROWTH INTERVAL

2.31 RADIAL GROWTH INTERVAL 2

2.32 HEIGHT GROWTH INTERVAL

2.33 FUEL PHOTO REFERENCE

2.34 SETTING USER CODE

2.35 SETTING LAT LONG REFERENCE DATUM

2.35 SETTING LAT LONG REFERENCE DATUM

2.36 SETTING REMARKS

2.37 SETTING DAMAGE CATEGORY

2.38 SETTING DAMAGE AGENT

2.39 SETTING DAMAGE SEVERITY

2.40 SPECIES OF MANAGEMENT INTEREST

2.41 SKETCH MAP AND TRAVERSE NOTES

ii

SECTION 3: SAMPLE DESIGN FORM - ALL EXAM LEVELS

3.1 FORM TYPE

3.2 SAMPLE SELECTION METHOD TYPE

3.3 SAMPLE EXPANSION FACTOR

3.4 STARTING AZIMUTH

3.5 SUBPOPULATION FILTER

3.6 SAMPLE DESIGN REMARKS

3.7 SELECTION CRITERIA NUMBER OR CRITERIA CONDITION

3.8 SUBPOPULATION VARIABLE

3.9 SUBPOPULATION MINIMUM VALUE

3.10 SUBPOPULATION MAXIMUM VALUE

3.11 SAMPLE DESIGN REMARKS

SECTION 4: PLOT DATA FORM – ALL EXAM LEVELS

4.1 PLOT NUMBER

4.2 ACQUIRING GPS LOCATIONS

4.2.1 Plot Latitude

4.2.2 Plot Longitude

4.3 PLOT CAPABLE GROWING AREA

4.4 PLOT ASPECT

4.5 PLOT SLOPE

4.6 PLOT SLOPE POSITION

4.7 SLOPE HORIZONTAL SHAPE

4.8 SLOPE VERTICAL SHAPE

4.9 PLOT ELEVATION

4.10 PLOT EXISTING VEGETATION COMPOSITION TYPE

4.11 PLOT POTENTIAL VEGETATION

4.12 PLOT FUEL MODEL

4.13 RESIDUAL DESCRIPTIVE CODE (FUEL PHOTO SERIES)

4.14 DISTANCE TO SEED WALL

4.15 PLOT USER CODE

4.16 PLOT HISTORY

4.17 PLOT HISTORY DATE

4.18 PLOT REMARKS

SECTION 5: TREE DATA FORM – INTENSIVE EXAM LEVEL

5.1 PLOT NUMBER

5.2 TAG ID NUMBER

5.3 TREE STATUS

5.4 TREE CLASS

5.5 GROWTH SAMPLE/SITE TREES

5.6 TREE SPECIES

5.7 TREE COUNT

5.8 NUMBER OF STEMS

5.9 DBH

5.10 HEIGHT

5.11 HEIGHT TO CROWN

5.12 RADIAL GROWTH

5.13 RADIAL GROWTH # 2

5.14 HEIGHT GROWTH

5.15 TREE AGE

5.16 CROWN RATIO

5.17 CROWN CLASS

5.18 CROWN WIDTH

5.19 WILDLIFE USE

iii

5.20 SNAG DECAY CLASS

5.22 TREE DAMAGE CATEGORY

5.23 TREE DAMAGE AGENT

5.24 TREE DAMAGE PART

5.25 TREE DAMAGE SEVERITY

5.26 TREE REMARKS

5.27 TREE USER CODE

5.28 TREE TREATMENT OPTION

SECTION 6: VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND GROUND SURFACE

COVER FORMS – ALL EXAM LEVELS

6.1 EXAMINATION LEVEL OF THE VEGETATION COMPOSITION FORM

6.2 EXAMINATION LEVEL OF THE GROUND SURFACE COVER FORM

6.3 INFORMATION ON THE VEGETATION COMPOSITION PLOT

6.3.1 Plot Location

6.3.2 Plot Size

6.3.3 Plot Shape

6.3.4 Training

6.4 VEGETATION COMPOSITION – COVER BY LIFEFORM (FORM 1)

1. Total Vegetation

2. Canopy Cover by Lifeform

3. Canopy Cover by Lifeform by Layer

6.5 VEGETATION COMPOSITION – COVER BY SPECIES (FORM 3)

1. Species List

2. Designated Species on a List

6.6 GROUND SURFACE COVER (FORM 4)

6.6.1 Ground Surface Cover Type Codes and Category Definitions

6.6.2 Ground Surface Cover Percent

SECTION 7: DOWN-WOODY MATERIALS FORM – ALL EXAM LEVELS

7.1 PLOT NUMBER

7.2 AND 7.3 FIRST DUFF AND SECOND DUFF

7.4 FUEL DEPTH

7.5 TWIG1

7.6 TWIG2

7.7 TWIG3

7.8 PIECE COUNT

7.9 LOG DECAY CLASS

7.10 DIAMETER

7.11 PIECE LENGTH

7.12 DIAMETER LARGE END

7.13 DIAMETER SMALL END

SECTION 8: TREE DATA FORM – EXTENSIVE EXAM LEVEL

8.7 TREE COUNT

8.8 NUMBER OF STEMS

8.9 DBH

8.10 HEIGHT

8.11 HEIGHT TO CROWN

8.12 RADIAL GROWTH

8.13 RADIAL GROWTH # 2

8.14 HEIGHT GROWTH

8.15 TREE AGE

SECTION 9: SETTING FORM – QUICK PLOT EXAM LEVEL

9.13 EXAMINATION LEVEL

iv

9.14 EXAM PURPOSE

9.19 POTENTIAL VEGETATION

9.21 SETTING CAPABLE GROWING AREA

9.24 SETTING ASPECT

9.25 SETTING SLOPE

9.29 PRECISION PROTOCOL

SECTION 10: TREE DATA FORM – QUICK PLOT EXAM LEVEL

10.7 TREE COUNT

10.8 NUMBER OF STEMS

10.9 DBH

10.10 HEIGHT

10.11 HEIGHT TO CROWN

10.12 RADIAL GROWTH

10.13 RADIAL GROWTH # 2

10.14 HEIGHT GROWTH

10.15 TREE AGE

SECTION 11: MODIFICATIONS TO FIELD GUIDE FOR V1.7

SECTION 12: EXAMS SOFTWARE USE

12.2 CREATING A DEFAULT FILE

12.3 ENTERING/EDITING DATA

12.3.1 Entering/Editing Setting Data

12.3.2 Entering/Editing Sample Design Data

12.3.3 Entering/Editing Plot Data

12.3.4 Entering/Editing Tree Data

12.3.5 Entering/Editing Vegetation Composition and Ground Surface Cover Data

12.3.6 Entering/Editing Down-Woody Materials Data

12.3.7 Moving Coordinates from Garmin 76 series GPS to Juniper System Allegro

INDEX

v

CSE/IM Appendices:

A Administrative and Proclaimed National Forest Codes B District Codes C State Codes D County Codes E Existing Vegetation Composition References and Codes F Potential Vegetation References G Potential Vegetation Codes H List of Species I Fuel Photo References and Codes J Fixed-Radius Plot K Variable-Radius Plot L Measuring Diameter M Point of Diameter Measurement N Radial Growth and Height Growth O Measuring Age P Measuring Height Q Measuring Crowns R Damage Categories, Agents, Severity Ratings, and Tree Parts S Down-Woody Materials T Tolerances for Region 1 Common Stand Exam U Glossary of Terms V Modifications to Appendices

Region 1 Supplemental Appendices:

R1 – A Deriving Statistical Accuracy for Stand Exam Design (This section has been moved to the R1 SUPPLEMENT TO NATIONAL FSVEG/CSE USER’S GUIDE Chapter 2:

Preparation and Design.)

R1 – B Region 1 Sample Designs R1 – C Juniper Allegro Pro R1 – D Supplemental Data Collection Forms R1 – E Measuring Canopy Cover R1 – F Protocols for taking Plot Photos R1 – G Plot Monumentation/ Witness Tree Information (IM) R1 – H Fire Information/Observation Form (IM)

Region 1 Damage Descriptions

R1 Field Guide – Common Stand Exam Data Collection Procedures Section 1

Section 1: Data Collection Procedures

This Region 1 (R1) document outlines data items (fields) and data collection protocols for Common Stand Exams (CSE) and Inventory and Monitoring (IM). Most data collection in R1 will use CSE Protocols and Exams software associated with CSE. If information needs dictate that measurements will be taken over time, then the IM protocols and associated Exams software will be used. Protocols particular to IM are followed by (IM) in the manual with specific IM forms of Witness Tree/Plot Navigation Form and Fire Information Observation Form outlined in the R1 Supplemental Appendices G and H.

As described below, there are three examination levels (Intensive Exam, Extensive Exam, and Quick Plot Exam). Data collection requirements and accuracy standards may vary depending on examination level and exam objectives. The allowable range of measurement or classification error is termed the “tolerance.” Data item tolerance limits are indicated throughout this manual and in appendix T.

Common Stand Exams generally are conducted on stands, a contiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in size class distribution, composition, and structure, and growing on a site of sufficiently uniform quality, to be a distinguishable unit, such as mixed, pure, even-aged, and uneven-aged stands. A stand is the fundamental unit of silviculture reporting and record-keeping (FSM 2470.5), the polygon associated with the exam is maintained in FSVeg Spatial.

Exams conducted on polygons that are not delineated stands, in FSVeg Spatial, for your Forest, need to be clearly identified as such by using a “P” in the location field (item 2.5, Setting Form) which results in a setting id that does not follow the standard stand naming convention used in R1. Contact the R1 Field Protocols Specialist if further information or guidance is needed.

1.1 Region 1 Required Fields

The following fields are “required” in Region 1 regardless of examination level.

Note: Depending on the purpose for a specific exam, the examination level may vary for different forms, or some forms may not be collected.

Form Attribute

Setting

Project Name

Proclaimed Region

Proclaimed Forest Number

District

Location (compartment / subcompartment)

Stand Number

Date

Examination Level

Exam Purpose

Potential Vegetation Reference

Potential Vegetation (Habitat Type)

Setting Capable Growing Area

Form Attribute

Setting Elevation

Setting Aspect

Setting Slope

Acres

Datum (Lat/Long)

Examiner

Precision Protocol

Form Attribute

Design See Region 1 Sample Design examples in R1 Supplementary Appendices, Section B

Plot

Plot Number

Plot Aspect

Plot Slope

Plot Latitude

Plot Longitude

Plot Potential Vegetation

Veg Comp Forms specified according to exam objectives

Ground Surface

Optional dependent upon exam objectives

Down-woody materials

Optional form; minimum attributes to collect to meet Brown’s Protocols for fuel loadings listed below.

First Duff

Second Duff

Twig 1 (1-hour, .01 - .24 inch)

Twig 2 (10-hour, .25 - .99 inch)

Twig 3 (100-hour, 1.0 – 2.9 inch)

Piece Count (3.0+ inch diameter)

Log Decay Class (3.0+ inch diameter)

Diameter (3.0+ inch diameter)

1.2 Exam Levels for the Tree Form

There are three examination levels: (3) Intensive Exam, (2) Extensive Exam, and (1) Quick Plot Exam. The Intensive Exam has the tightest tolerance standards, data collection requirements, and required accuracy. The Extensive Exam has less collection requirements and accuracy. Measurement tolerances, data collection requirements, and required accuracy for the Quick Plot Exam are relaxed to allow for rapid inventory procedure.

Data needs determine the examination level required. When data needs can be minimized and/or when data estimations and/or variable groupings can provide acceptable levels of information, the Extensive Exam and Quick Plot Exam offer the greatest opportunity for cost savings. A major cost component for any exam is travel time and locating the stand and/or plots; therefore, it may be worthwhile to increase the exam intensity level so that a reliable, full characterization of the stand may be made now and in future analysis. In addition, if non-required fields are collected to supplement an Extensive Exam or Quick Plot Exam, the cost savings may be reduced to the point that there is little significant cost difference compared to an Intensive Exam.

The reliability of an estimate is determined by how homogeneous the setting is and the number of plots that are measured. For a detailed discussion on determining the number of plots to install in order to meet the exams information needs, see R1 appendix R1-A.

1.2.1 Intensive Exam

An Intensive Exam is designed to have accurate tree measurements collected to tight tolerance standards. It provides a comprehensive inventory for stands. Trees on the large plot are recorded individually. Trees on the small plot may be recorded in groups. Diameters of live trees are measured to the nearest 0.1 inch. Tree heights are measured to the nearest foot.

Growth sample trees (GST) are used to objectively select trees for additional measurements that are expensive to collect such as radial or height growth and height measurements. These measurements allow for reliable growth estimates to be made for non-GST trees, providing a complete data set to meet reporting and simulation needs. Barring any site activities, this type of exam has the longest “shelf life” in FSVeg and is the best type of data to input into the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Intensive exams should provide an estimate that has a sampling error of 20% or less at the 90% confidence level for the primary attribute of interest (see 2.14, Exam Purpose).

1.2.2 Extensive Exam

An Extensive Exam is designed to have accurate tree measurements collected to tolerance standards tighter than a Quick Plot Exam, but not as tight as an Intensive Exam. Trees above 3.0-inches in diameter are recorded individually. Trees on the small plot may be recorded in groups. Some tree defect information is collected. No growth or age measurements are required. This limits the ability to assess potential old growth, to develop age class tables, and to calibrate growth functions in FVS. Extensive exams should provide an estimate for the primary attribute of interest (see 2.14, Exam Purpose), that has a sampling error of 20% or less at the 80% confidence level.

1.2.3 Quick Plot Exam

The Quick Plot Exam is a rapid inventory procedure. Data needs determine the design of the Quick Plot Exam. Tree data may be grouped by species, diameters, heights, and/or damage classes on both the large and small plots. At a minimum, the Quick Plot Exam provides a statistically describable estimate of stocking by certain critical tree categories. Examinations may be custom designed in order to satisfy specific stand data needs for prescription development or for use as supplemental cruise plots. The selection of the Quick Plot Exam must be made on the basis of the type of stand to be evaluated and associated decisions that must be made. Quick plot exams should provide an estimate for the primary attribute of interest (see 2.14, Exam Purpose), that has a sampling error of 20% or less at the 68% confidence level.

1.3 Required Fields for the Tree Data Form by Exam Level

See Setting Form, item 2.13, for a list of the minimum attributes to collect by Exam Level of the tree form.

Tree Data

Exam Level Code

Description

3 Intensive Exam

2 Extensive Exam

1 Quick Plot Exam

0 Not Collected

Exam Purpose (SE or CI): When taking any level of examination that includes the Tree Data Form, and the EXAM PURPOSE (item 2.14) is code “SE” or “CI” (Stand Exam or Stratified Random Sample / Compartment Inventory), all size classes of trees in the setting area must be represented in the overall sample.

1.4 Required Fields for the Vegetation Composition Form by Exam Level The examination level used for the Tree Data Form does not necessarily indicate the examination level used on the Vegetation Composition Form. Refer to section 6 for information on required fields for the Vegetation Composition Form.

1.5 Required Fields for the Down-Woody Materials Form by Exam Level The examination level used for the Tree Data Form does not necessarily indicate the examination level used on the Down-Woody Materials Form. Refer to section 7 for information on required fields for the Down-Woody Materials Form.

R1 Field Guide – Common Stand Exam Setting Form – Intensive/Extensive Exam Levels Section 2

Section 2: Setting Form - Intensive / Extensive Exam Levels

The combination of Region, Proclaimed Forest, District, Location, Stand, Purpose Code, and Date fields uniquely identifies a stand exam associated with a setting. The exam date is used to differentiate data taken in the same setting, but at different points in time.

The tolerance limits listed for items in this section are for the Intensive and Extensive examination levels. The tolerance is "No Errors" unless otherwise noted.

The examination level indicated on the Tree Data Form determines the examination level of the Setting Form.

2.1 Project Name (25-character) Required

Record the project name. Multiple settings may have the same project name.

2.2 Proclaimed Region (2-digit) Required

Record “1” for Region 1.

2.3 Proclaimed National Forest (2-digit) Required

For Region 1, for this field, always record the ADMINISTRATIVE FOREST code (item 2.10), as defined below:

Forest # Forest Name Forest # Forest Name

02 Beaverhead-Deerlodge 11 Gallatin

03 Bitterroot 12 Helena

04 Idaho Panhandle 14 Kootenai

05* Clearwater 15 Lewis & Clark

08 Custer 16 Lolo

10 Flathead 17* Nezperce

* Note: Although the Nez Perce and Clearwater National Forests have combined, the pre-consolidation Forest, Location, and District codes will continue to be utilized to retain consistency with FSVeg Spatial and the stand folders stored on the Forest.

2.4 District (2-digit) Required

Record the 2-digit District code associated with the Proclaimed National Forest. Refer to appendix B for a list of District Codes.

*Note: Nezperce-Clearwater use the District numbers that were used prior to consolidation and renumbering.

2.5 Location (16-character) Required

In Region 1, Common Stand Exams are generally conducted on stands (see Section 1) whose associated polygon is delineated and managed in FSVeg Spatial. These exams should have a 4-character LOCATION code comprised of the following values and in the following order: a 2-digit “compartment” code plus a 2-digit “subcompartment” code. This will yield a setting id in FSVeg of RR//FF//DD//CC//SS//TTTT. (R=region, F=forest, D=district, C=compartment, S=subcompartment, T=stand)

Exams conducted on polygons that do not occur on delineated stands (see Section 1) need to be clearly identified as such by using a capitol “P” in the location field following the 2-digit “compartment” code and 2-digit “subcompartment” code. This will yield a setting id in FSVeg of RR//FF//DD//CC//SSP//TTTT.

*Note: Nezperce-Clearwater use the Location Codes (compartment/subcompartment) that were utilized before Forest consolidation

2.6 Stand Number (4-digit) Required

Record the stand number consistent with the current FSVeg Spatial stand.

2.7 Owner (4-character)

Record “USFS” for the Forest Service.

2.8 State (2-character)

Record the STATE code identifying where the setting area is located. Settings that cross state boundaries must be subdivided.

Code Description

ID Idaho SD South Dakota

MT Montana WA Washington

ND North Dakota

2.9 County (3-digit)

For Region 1, record the 2-digit COUNTY code identifying where the setting area is located.

Refer to Appendix D for a list of County Codes.

2.10 Administrative Forest (2-digit)

This field is automatically set to the code entered in the PROCLAIMED NATIONAL FOREST field (item 2.2). However, if needed, another code can be entered to replace the default code.

Forest # Forest Name Forest # Forest Name

02 Beaverhead-Deerlodge 11 Gallatin

03 Bitterroot 12 Helena

04 Idaho Panhandle 14 Kootenai

05 Clearwater* 15 Lewis & Clark

08 Custer 16 Lolo

10 Flathead 17 Nezperce

* Note: Although the Nez Perce and Clearwater National Forests have combined, the pre-consolidation Forest, Location, and District codes will continue to be utilized to retain consistency with FSVeg Spatial and the stand folders stored on the Forest.

2.11 Date (8-digit) Required

Record the calendar month, day, and year that the stand examination is completed, using the following format: MMDDYYYY.

2.12 Photo ID (14-character)

Record the Photo ID of the aerial photo where the majority of the setting is located. Record a 14-character PHOTO ID code comprised of the following values:

First six numbers represent Photo Symbol/Project ID

Second four numbers represent the roll number

Last four numbers represent the exposure number

Note: When the PHOTO ID information is loaded into the database, the entered code will be checked against a list of PHOTO ID codes that have already been stored in the FSVeg database. If the code is currently not in FSVeg, an error will result. If necessary, the PHOTO ID code will need to be added by using one of the following options: (1) through the CSE section of the FSVeg interface, by pressing the PHOTO ID button adjacent to the PHOTO ID field, or

(2) through the System Administration section.

2.13 Examination Level (4-digit) Required

Record the examination level that identifies the scope and range of information being collected. Scope is the breadth of information collected and range is the accuracy of information collected.

The examination level may vary for different forms. The examination level indicated on the Tree Data Form determines the examination level of the Setting and Plot Data forms, but it does not necessarily indicate the examination level that is selected for the Vegetation Composition Form.

For the Tree Data Form, enter one of the following codes to indicate the examination level.

Listed are required fields for the Tree Data Form by Exam Level. You may add additional attributes but the Exam Level indicates the minimum attributes that are required to collect.

Attribute

(Quick Plot)

(Extensive

Plot)

(Intensive

Plot)

Plot Number X X X

Tag Number X X X

Tree Status X X X

Tree Class

GST Tree X

Tree Species X X X

Tree Count X X X

Number of Stems N/A N/A N/A

DBH

Trees ≥ 4.5 ft tall

Trees ≥ 4.5 ft tall

Trees ≥ 4.5 ft tall

Height Trees < 4.5 ft tall

Trees < 4.5 ft tall

GST, Site Trees, trees < 4.5 ft tall, trees with broken tops

Height to Crown

Radial Growth GST only

Radial Growth 2 N/A N/A N/A

Height Growth GST only

Tree Age GST only

Crown Ratio X X X

Crown Class X X

Crown Width

Wildlife Use

Cone Serotiny

Tree Damage Category X X

Tree Damage Agent X

Tree Damage Part

Tree Damage Severity X X

Snag Decay Class X X X

Remarks

Tree User Code

Tree Treatment Option

Azimuth of Tree (IM)

Horizontal Distance (IM)

For the Vegetation Composition Form, enter one of the following codes to indicate the examination level. The exam level depends upon the population of vegetation that is being sampled:

Veg.

Exam Level Code

Items to record Subpo p.

Min. *

Subpop Max.

Cover by Lifeform (Form 1)

Cover by Species and Layer (Form 2)**

Cover by Species (Form 3)

0 Vegetation Composition is not collected, form is not used

Lifeform Cover

Layer (tree/shrub)

Not applicable Required Not Applicable Not Applicable

Lifeform Cover

Layer (tree/shrub)

Cover recorded for designated species (≥ min. %)

User define d

100 Required

Optional, not generally used in R1

“Designated” species that meet minimum cover criteria

“Designated” species that meet minimum cover criteria

Lifeform Cover

Layer (tree/shrub)

Cover recorded for all species

(≥ min. %)

User define d

100 Required

Optional, not generally used in R1

All species that meet minimum cover criteria

All species that meet minimum cover criteria

Lifeform Cover

Layer (tree/shrub)

Cover recorded for all species (≥ min. %)

Designated Species

User define d

100 Required

Optional, not generally used in R1

All species that meet minimum cover criteria

Presence of all “designated” species

All species that meet minimum cover criteria

Presence of all “designated species”

* Subpopulation minimum values are determined by the user based on information needs of the exam ** For Vegetation Composition Exam Level of 2, 3, or 4; Either Form 2 or Form 3 must be collected. Generally, in R1, Form 3, Cover by Species and Layer is used.

For the Down-Woody Materials Form, enter one of the following codes to indicate the examination level. Note: Record “0” if Fuel Photo Series data are collected according to photo series books and entered on the Plot Form, Residue Description Code. Note: if you choose to collect photo series data, it is summed to the stand level for FVS runs.

Down-Woody Materials

Code

Description

Collected according to Brown’s Protocols.

All components of Brown’s are collected

Sample Design Selection Method = ‘TRN’

Reports compute tons per acre

Data is available for analysis in FVS

Piece Count

A subset of the D-W components are collected along a transect.

Generally Forests will only collect information on a down-woody material above a larger diameter threshold.

Sample Design Selection Method = ‘TRN’

Tons per acre calculated for components collected

Data is available for analysis in FVS but does not represent the fuel loadings in the stand

Piece Count

Sample Design Selection Method = ‘FRQ’

Down-woody material is collected on Fixed radius plot

Tons per acre not calculated and data is not available in FVS

Note: this method is not supported in R1. If you feel that piece count is important, collect according to Exam Level 2 and collect Large-end Diameter.

Photo Series

Collected using photo series manuals, but recording tons per acre by fuels classes.

This is often confused with collecting the photo series code for the plot. Only select this option if assigning the weight (tons/acre) and volume (MBF/acre) by size classes.

Note: when using this exam level, turn off Residue Description Code in the Plot Field Selections. If you are assigning each plot to a photo, then Down-woody exam level is 0 and Residue Description Code is used on the Plot Form.

Not Collected using the Down-Woody Materials Form

No fuel data collected or

Fuel photo series is collected in Residue Description Code on Plot Form

For the Surface Cover Form, which is accessible through the Vegetation Composition Form, the Exam Level is as follows:

Ground Surface Cover

Description

1 Surface Cover is collected.

0 Not Collected

For the Ground Surface Cover Form (Form 4 of the Vegetation Composition Protocols), ground surface cover is turned on/off with a radio button.

2.14 Exam Purpose (2-character) Required

There are six types of EXAM PURPOSE codes that are currently used in Region 1 associated with data collection: SE, CI, FI, RP, IM, or RE (codes described below). These purpose codes identify the following aspects related to the sampling design and/or analysis capabilities of the data collected:

Sample Accuracy (BA/TPA) – the reliability of the exam in estimating basal area, trees per acre, or the vegetation attribute of interest

Sample Intensity (Tree) – the extent to which sample trees, representative of all size classes in a stand/setting, have been included in the overall sample

Sample Selection – the method used to select stands for measurement

Sample Type – whether the exam is an intensification of the FIA grid or a polygon-based stand exam

Exam Purpose Codes

Description

SE Stand Exam

CI

Stratified Random Sample (Compartment Inventory)

FI R1 Intensified Grid

RP All other purposes

IM Inventory and Monitoring

RE Stocking Surveys

LI Lidar training data

Exam Purpose Guidelines: Use the guidelines and definitions listed below to determine which EXAM PURPOSE to select. Record the code that identifies the purpose selected.

1. FIA Grid Intensification (FI). An exam purpose of FI indicates that the exam is a grid-based exam following protocols defined in the Region 1 Intensification of FIA Grid Using CSE Protocols Field Procedures manual. This code indicates that data are not for base-level stand exam analysis, but are a spatially balanced sample of plots across a larger geographic area of interest. This type of exam is not discussed further in this manual.

2. Stand Exam (SE), or Stratified Random Sample (CI). A stand exam’s purpose is to collect reliable information on vegetation attributes. Oftentimes, the primary attributes of interest are tree related, but not always. An exam purpose of SE or CI must first meet the following criteria to ensure reliable information:

a. Sample Accuracy (BA/TPA) – A 20% Sampling Error at the:

90% Confidence Level was achieved for Intensive Exams (Tree data, Exam Level 3)

80% Confidence Level was achieved for Extensive Exams (Tree data, Exam Level 2)

68% Confidence level was achieved for Quick Plot Exams (Tree data, Exam Level 1)

(see R1 supplementary appendix R1-A for further information):

o Basal Area per acre (BA), o Trees per acre (TPA) – trees per acre calculated on trees above breakpoint diameter (if the quadratic mean diameter is greater than breakpoint diameter), OR trees per acre based on the trees below breakpoint diameter (if the quadratic mean diameter is less than breakpoint diameter) o Or the vegetation attributes of interest to meet information needs for the exam.

For example, an old growth exam may have sample accuracy based on the trees per acre that are 9” dbh and larger.

The number of plots installed in the stand is related to the accuracy of the exam (see appendix R1-A). It is understood that a 20% error may not always be achieved. However, an R1 FSVeg report will be provided which reports the error, at various confidence levels, for various attributes of interest.

b. Sample Selection (Tree) – All live trees ≥ 1 foot tall, and all dead trees ≥ 3 inches diameter, are measured or tallied.

c. Plot Selection – The plots were systematically sampled with a random start or randomly located throughout the stand.

If all of the criteria listed above are true then use either:

SE - Stand Exam, to indicate that stand selection for sampling was dictated by local data needs, OR

CI – Stratified Random Sample (Compartment Inventory), to indicate that stand selection for sampling was based on random selection of stand polygons with probability proportion to size in the context of stratified random sampling or compartment inventory design. Forests that are using a stratified random sample which randomly selects stands should be working with the R1 Vegetation Analysis Team to ensure that data is collected and warehoused appropriately so it will be available for analysis.

Inventory and monitoring (IM). This code is to be used for inventory and monitoring purposes. It is expected that Regional Protocols for installation and measuring over time will be followed. Work with the R1 Vegatation Analysis Team when setting up this sampling scheme to ensure that trend data over time is available to meet monitoring needs.

Stocking Surveys (RE). This code is to be used with R1 stocking survey protocols available from the R1 Inventory Website.

Lidar (LI). This cold is used when collecting training data for Lidar acquisition. Work with the R1 Analysis Team prior to using this Purpose Code to ensure that training data can be tied to Lidar data during analysis.

Other Exam Purposes (RP). If any of the previous criteria are NOT met (e.g., an ocular macroplot is being collected, only down-woody fuel information is recorded, only snag information is collected, biased plot location), then the exam purpose code of RP – must be used.

2.15 Stratum (6-character)

Record the current STRATUM for the setting area. Refer to aerial photo typing or other stratification information associated to the polygon. Forest direction dictates the list of strata definitions and codes used.

2.16 Existing Vegetation Reference (3-character)

Record the code identifying the reference used to obtain the dominant EXISTING VEGETATION COMPOSITION TYPE (item 2.17) for the setting area. Refer to appendix E for a complete list of valid reference codes.

2.17 Existing Vegetation Composition Type (3-character)

Record the code for the current (not potential) vegetative or non-vegetative type dominating the setting area. Dominance is based on plurality of basal area. Refer to Appendix E for a complete list of EXISTING VEGETATION COMPOSITION TYPE codes. Dominance type as per R1 Existing Vegetation Classification System (Barber and others, 2011), are calculated on all exam data loaded into FSVeg so collecting this attribute may not be needed.

2.18 Potential Vegetation Reference (3-character) Required

Record the code identifying the reference used to obtain the POTENTIAL VEGETATION (habitat type) for the setting area; refer to item 2.19. Only one potential vegetation reference code may be selected per examination.

Refer to appendix F for a list of potential vegetation references used in Region One and a list of what forest each reference can be used on.

2.19 Potential Vegetation (8-digit) Required

Record the code for the predominant POTENTIAL VEGETATION (habitat type) to phase for the setting area. Potential vegetation is the community that develops over time, primarily influenced by soil and climate. It represents the area in a climax or near-climax condition.

POTENTIAL VEGETATION for the setting area is determined by the plurality of sample point habitat types. Refer to appendix G for a complete list of POTENTIAL VEGETATION codes.

Note: this appendix also contains references to non-forest potential vegetation manuals, which are primarily for special projects and should not be used for timber based stand exams.

2.20 Structure (2-character)

Record one of the following codes that best describes the overall structure of the setting.

STRUCTURE describes the distribution of tree-size classes within the stand.

Note: Vertical structure is calculated as per R1 Existing Vegetation Classification System (Barber and others, 2011), on all exam data loaded into FSVeg. Collecting this attribute may not be needed.

SS

Single story - A single even canopy characterizes the setting. The greatest number of trees are in a height class (or diameter class) represented by the average height class (or diameter class) of the setting; there are substantially fewer trees in height/diameter classes above and below this mean.

TS

Two-storied - Two relatively even canopy levels can be recognized in the setting. The frequency distribution of trees by height class (or diameter class) tends to be bimodal. Understory or overtopped trees are common. Neither canopy level is necessarily continuous or closed, but both canopy levels tend to be distributed across a predominance of the setting (e.g., overstory with regenerated understory).

MS

Multi-storied - At least three height-size classes are commonly represented in the setting. In general, the canopy is broken and uneven although multiple canopy levels may be distinguishable. The various size classes tend to be uniformly distributed throughout the setting.

MO

Mosaic - At least two distinct height size classes are represented; these classes are not uniformly distributed, but are grouped in small repeating aggregations, or occur as stringers less than two chains wide, throughout the setting. Each size class aggregation is too small to be recognized and mapped as an individual setting.

UA

Unknown/un-assessable - A structure classification was attempted, but the stand did not fit into one of the pre-defined categories. Note in the remarks column the reason the stand could not be classified.

2.21 Setting Capable Growing Area (3-digit) Required

Estimate the percent of the setting area capable of supporting trees. Make deductions for areas such as roads, creeks, swamps, rock outcrops, etc. For example, if an area contains 5% rock outcropping and 10% road, record 85% for SETTING CAPABLE GROWING AREA.

Tolerance (Setting Capable Growing Area): ± 10 percent

2.22 Setting Fuel Model (2-digit)

Record the predominant fuel model for the setting determined by the plurality of sample plot fuel model codes; refer to PLOT FUEL MODEL (item 4.12). See Appendix U for Fuel Model codes.

It is highly recommended that individuals collecting this data first obtain the appropriate training.

Note: If FUEL MODEL data are the only down-woody materials information collected (e.g., it is collected instead of Brown’s Protocols), record “0” for EXAMINATION LEVEL (item 2.13) on the Down-Woody Materials Form.

This information is translated into FVS if collected.

2.23 Setting Elevation (5-digit) Required

Record the median setting elevation, to the nearest foot.

Tolerance (Setting Elevation): ± 2 contour intervals

2.24 Setting Aspect (3-digit) Required

Record the average or predominant aspect for the setting area (to the nearest degree, 0° to 360°). Setting aspect is the general direction toward which the setting faces. Setting aspect may be determined from contour maps or by taking compass readings directly down slope at various places within the setting.

SETTING ASPECT coding guidelines:

If aspect changes gradually across the setting, record an average aspect.

If aspect changes across the setting, but is predominately of one direction, code predominate direction, rather than the average.

If the setting falls on or straddles a canyon bottom or narrow ridge top, code the aspect of the ridgeline or canyon bottom.

If the setting falls on a canyon bottom or on a narrow ridge top, but most of the area lies on one side hill, code the aspect of the side hill.

Examples:

Aspect Code Description

0 Flat

183 183°

360 360°

999 Indeterminate/No predominant aspect/Undulating

Tolerance (Setting Aspect): ± 45 degrees

2.25 Setting Slope (3-digit) Required

Record the average or predominant slope for the setting area (to the nearest 1 percent).

SETTING SLOPE coding guidelines:

If slope changes gradually across the setting, record an average slope.

If slope changes across the setting, but the slope is predominately of one direction, code the predominant slope percentage rather than the average.

If the setting falls directly between two side hills, code the average slope of the side hill(s).

If the setting falls on a canyon bottom or on a narrow ridge top, but most of the area lies on one side hill, code the slope of the side hill.

Tolerance (Setting Slope): ± 10 percent

2.26 Setting Slope Position (2-character)

Record the position of the setting on the landscape as defined below. Slope position definitions from: National Soil Survey Handbook (Title 430-VI). 1993. USDA Soil Conservation Service.

SU

Summit/Ridgetop/Plateau. The topographically highest hillslope position of a hillslope profile and exhibiting a nearly level surface.

SH

Shoulder. The hillslope position that forms the uppermost inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It comprises the transition zone from backslope to summit.

BS

Backslope. The hillslope position that forms the steepest inclined surface and principle element of many hillslopes. In profile, backslopes are commonly steep, linear, and bounded by a convex shoulder above and descending to concave footslope. They may or may not include cliff segments. Backslopes are commonly erosional forms produced by mass movement and running water.

FS

Footslope. The hillslope position that forms the inner, gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In profile, footslopes are commonly concave. It is a transition zone between upslope sites of erosion and transport.

TS

Toeslope. The hillslope position that forms the gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in profile are commonly gentle and linear, and are constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a hillslope continuum that grades to a valley bottom.

VB Valley Bottom. Wide valley bottom beyond influence of toeslope.

Tolerance (Setting Slope Position): ± 1 class

2.27 Acres (4-digit) Required

Record the total setting acres.

2.28 Examiner (15-character) Required

Record the name and/or crew number for the individual(s) responsible for data collection.

Do not use reserved characters such as +, /, -, or * in this field.

2.29 Precision Protocol (6-character) Required

Record the code for the precision protocol used. The PRECISION PROTOCOL code is determined by the purpose of the exam and examination level of the Tree Data Form.

Exam Purpose

Examination Level of the Tree Form

Precision Protocol Code

SE, CI, RP Intensive (3) CSE

SE, CI, RP Extensive (2) CSE_E

SE, CI, RP Quick Plot (1) CSE_Q

The default PRECISION PROTOCOL “CSE” follows the CSE guidelines specified in this document for Extensive and Intensive Exams. If any type of tree diameters and/or tree heights will be “grouped” in any manner not outlined in this manual, or if any of the precision protocols deviate from the standard CSE protocols, contact your CSE Regional Representative to discuss how to reflect these modifications in the PRECISION PROTOCOL. Alternate protocols do not affect the per acre values, but will provide information about the “precision” level of measurements. Refer to the National CSE User Guide for details on the Precision Protocols.

2.30 Radial Growth Interval (2-digit)

Record the time period used for measuring radial growth. Default is 10 years (code “10”).

2.31 Radial Growth Interval 2 (Not Used Region 1)

2.32 Height Growth Interval (2-digit)

This variable indicates the time period associated with the height growth measurements. It is automatically set to 5 years (code “5”). DO NOT modify this interval.

2.33 Fuel Photo Reference (3-digit)

If a fuel photo series (refer to item 4.12) is used to determine fuel loadings for the plot, record the FUEL PHOTO REFERENCE code in this field. Refer to appendix I for a complete list of Fuel Photo references and codes. Note: Also, record the corresponding fuel photo series number (the RESIDUAL DESCRIPTIVE CODE) on the Plot Data Form; refer to item 4.13.

Record “0” for EXAMINATION LEVEL on the Down-Woody Materials Form; refer to item 2.13.

2.34 Setting User Code (4-character)

This is a user defined field that can be used to collect additional information. This information will not be used in any of the R1 reports and utilities.

2.35 Setting Lat Long Reference Datum Required

Choose the appropriate datum. Typically, this will be NAD 83.

2.36 Magnetic Declination (IM) Required if the Inventory and Monitoring option is used and Tree Azimuth is collected Record the magnetic declination that is set on the compass.

2.37 Measurement Number (IM) Required if the Inventory and Monitoring option is used Enter the Measurement Number of the inventory. Installation of the plots and initial measurement is Measurement Number 1. Increase subsequent measurement numbers by 1.

Note: Fields 2.38 – 2.42 are separate items under the Setting Data menu

2.38 Setting Remarks (242-character)

Use this section to record remarks about setting conditions not already described elsewhere (do not record remarks already recorded on other forms). For example, include comments concerning the overall health of a stand, regeneration, minor habitat types, wildlife observations, site disturbances, unusual circumstances that impacted data collection, etc.

2.39 Setting Damage Category (2-digit)

Record damage seen within the setting that was not recorded as tree damages or plot history.

Refer to appendix R for a complete list of damage category codes.

Note: Multiple damages can be recorded for an individual tree, and in some cases is encouraged. For example, if a beetle has caused top kill, both beetle damage and physical damage of top kill should be recorded.

Tolerance (Setting Damage Category): No Errors – if found in setting along transect and not represented in tree damage or plot history.

2.40 Setting Damage Agent (3-digit)

If a SETTING DAMAGE CATEGORY (item 2.36) is recorded, record a corresponding damage agent code. Refer to appendix R for a complete list of all damage agent codes.

Tolerance (Setting Damage Agent): Locally specified – if found in setting along transect and not represented in tree damage or plot history.

2.41 Setting Damage Severity (2-character)

If a SETTING DAMAGE CATEGORY (item 2.36) is recorded, record a corresponding damage severity code. Refer to appendix R for a complete list of all damage severity codes (use the setting severity codes where indicated).

Tolerance (Setting Damage Severity): Locally specified – if found in setting along transect and not represented in tree damage.

2.42 Species of Management Interest (8-character)

Record the PLANTS code to indicated occurrence of a species of management interest that occur in the setting, but have not been recorded on the Tree Data Form or the Vegetation Composition Form. Species of management interest may include noxious weeds, threatened, endangered, or sensitive plants, or management indicator species. Up to 10 species may be entered per stand. Note the approximate location of these species in the setting SKETCH MAP AND TRAVERSE NOTES (item 2.40). This field is only an indication of the presence of a species of management interest. To determine the extent of the occurrence, another exam should be conducted.

2.43 Sketch Map and Traverse Notes

Make a sketch of the setting showing the relative location of the plots. Record azimuth and distance for each transect. Include a North arrow and other notable features such as roads, trails, lakes, creeks, cliffs, and rock outcrops that will assist in relocating the plots.

R1 Field Guide – Common Stand Exam Vegetation Composition and Ground Surface Cover Forms – All Exam Levels Section 6

Section 3: Sample Design Form - All Exam Levels

The tolerance limits listed for items in this section apply to all sample designs and examination levels. The tolerance is "No Errors" unless otherwise noted.

Complete the Sample Design information within the Exams Software template file which reflects how the information, on each population that is being sampled, will be selected. Note:

each setting added to an Exams software file will default to the sample design residing in the template file.

In general, the sample design within a project will vary little from stand to stand. The Sample Design Form will only need to be updated if one of the attributes within the template is different, for example Sample Expansion Factor when Selection Method is BAF.

Sample Design Selection: Sample designs may be selected from the Region 1 examples;

see Region 1 Common Stand Exam and Inventory and Monitoring Protocols Supplemental Appendix R1-B. If a sample design is desired, but not listed, contact the R1 Inventory Coordinator for assistance.

3.1 Form Type (10-character)

The Sample Design Form Type is based on selection of the tab within Exams software.

NOTE: you may have sample designs listed in each of the Forms, the Exam Level of the Setting Form, item 2.13, determines which Forms are enable to collect data. There is no problem if there is a sample design set up for a form that is not being used.

Form Type (Population of Interest)

Description

Tree Tree Data Form

Ground Surface Cover Ground Surface Cover Form

Veg. Composition Vegetation Composition Form

Down Woody Material Down-Woody Materials Form

Section 6

3.2 Sample Selection Method Type (3-character) Required

Record the method by which trees, vegetation composition, ground surface cover, or down-woody materials were selected for sample.

Selection Method

Description

Population of interest for Selection

Method listed

Discussion of sampling method

FRQ

Fixed area plots, either circular or rectangle

Tree selection

Small-tree plots for stand exams

Can be used for large-tree plots for stand exams

Often used for both small- and large-tree plots when monitoring changes over time (IM)

Foliar cover by lifeform or vegetation species, Fast sampling method for sampling plant composition and structure

May not be suitable for monitoring changes over time unless multiple quadrats within a plot are used. Contact R1 Inventory Coordinator to discuss further.

Ground surface cover

Fast method for stand exams. Not appropriate for monitoring changes over time (IM)

BAF

Basal area factor for a horizontal plot sample

Tree selection

Efficient method of selection for selecting large-trees for stand exams.

Especially good if exam information needs are associated with the larger-diameter trees found in the stand, such as old growth and volume estimates

TRN

Line-intersect method uses a transect of a fixed length and samples all items in the plane that extends perpendicular to the transect.

Down-woody materials

This is the method used when sampling according to Brown’s protocols

Canopy cover of trees

Most accurate method for measuring canopy cover of trees

Canopy cover of shrubs

Used primarily when remeasuring shrubs over time.

TPT

Point-intersect method uses a transect of fixed length and set of sample points at fixed distances along the transect.

Ground surface cover;

Most accurate method for measuring surface cover.

Recommend using when monitoring changes over time

(IM).

Section 6

Selection Method

Description

Population of interest for Selection

Method listed

Discussion of sampling method

Cover of grasses, forbs, and short shrubs

Recommend using when monitoring changes over time (IM).

3.3 Sample Expansion Factor (6,1- digit) Required

This field corresponds to the SAMPLE SELECTION METHOD TYPE (item 3.2), and converts data to a per-unit-area basis.

Sample Expansion Factor Interpretation

FRQ Inverse of the fixed plot, area in acres

BAF Basal Area Factor

TRN Length of Transect in Feet

TPT

The number of sampling points along the transect

Sample Expansi on Factor

Description

FRQ 20 The per acre expansion factor of a 1/20th acre plot

FRQ 3 The per acre expansion factor of a 1/3rd acre plot

FRQ .2 The per acre expansion factor of a 5-acre plot

BAF 40 40 basal area factor

TRN 100

The horizontal length of the length of the transect line

TPT 50

The number of points along a transect where vegetation or surface cover information is collected.

3.4 Starting Azimuth (3-digit)

When the SAMPLE SELECTION METHOD TYPE (item 3.2) is “TRN,” record the starting azimuth for the transect line. If the azimuth will remain the same for all subsequent plots, or if it

Section 6 will rotate “X” degrees on each plot, write a note in the SAMPLE DESIGN REMARKS (item 3.6).

3.5 Subpopulation Filter (8-character) Required

Record the filter used to define the subpopulation. If an attribute, such as “height,” is used as a subpopulation filter, it MUST be collected on all units measured in the subpopulation.

Note: Leave the SUBPOPULATION FILTER field blank for the Ground Surface Cover Form.

Use the following codes for the filters listed:

Subpopulation Filter

Interpretation Appropriate Selection Method(s) for Subpopulation Filters listed

LIVE

Live Live trees, live shrubs, etc

FRQ, BAF

DEAD

Dead Dead trees, dead shrubs (this is not dormant)

FRQ, BAF

ALL Both live and dead FRQ, BAF

DOWN Down-woody materials TRN

3.6 Sample Design Remarks (242-character)

Record information that explains the sample design.

3.7 Selection Criteria Number or Criteria Condition (2-digit) Required Record a sequential number, starting with 1, for each set of selection criteria records used to define a unique, mutually-exclusive segment of the population to be sampled. Selection criteria numbers must be unique throughout the inventory.

Exams software – The SELECTION CRITERIA NUMBER field is referred to as “Criteria Condition (Cond.)” in the Exams software Sample Design Form. The Exams software uses the logical operators AND and OR instead of numbers. If two or more selection criteria records have the SAME number, it implies an “AND” relationship, and the records are considered to be a set. If selection criteria records have different numbers, it implies an “OR” relationship, and the records are considered to be unique sets.

Selection Criteria Example:

On a 20 BAF variable-radius plot, sample all species ≥ 5 DBH

On a 300th acre fixed-radius plot, sample:

Live species < 5 inches DBH Live species between 0.5 and 5.0 feet tall

As shown below, this example requires three different selection criteria:

Section 6

Sample Design Selection Criteria

Selection Method

Sample Expansion Factor

Criteria Condition

Selection…