Doc_6--Appendix_III _SEAS-RI_Volunteer_Manual.pdf

December 2008

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) Surveys

Ron Elliot Jordon Stout Emily Seigel

Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project Farallon Islands

0 0.5 Mile Saddle Rock

Mussel Flat

Low Arch

Blow Hole Peninsula

Jewel Cave

Fisherman's Bay

Sugarloaf

Sea Lion Cove

Jordan C hannel

Raven's Cliff

Shell Beach

Drunk Uncle's Islet

Maintop Island

123 00' o

37 42'

N

Maintop Bay

Mirounga Bay

1, 2, 3, 101

19, 20, 22, 102

16, 17, 18

10, 11, 12, 7, 8, 104, 105

4, 5, 6, 103

Shubrick Point

Dead Sea Lion Flat

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

FILENAME: SEAS‐RI Methods.doc 10

Introduction The rocky intertidal habitat of the South Farallon Islands is unique from mainland intertidal areas due to the geographic location of the islands. The Farallon Islands, located 48 kilometers (30 miles) west of San Francisco, are protected by the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge. The Refuge, established to protect seabirds and marine mammals in 1909, is the land above the mean high tide line. Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary manages the marine environment below the mean high tide line. The US Fish and Wildlife Service began active management of the Refuge in 1969.

The Farallones consist of seven islands that are part of a granite ridge that rises along the seafloor at the western edge of the continental shelf. These islands lie within one of the largest upwelling centers in the world. Three groups of small islands comprise the Refuge; the North, Middle and South Islands.

Southeast and West End (a.k.a. Maintop) make up the South Islands, combined, these islands cover about 0.35 square kilometers (about 87 acres). Southeast is the largest of the Farallones, comprising approximately 70 acres. Southeast Island also has a rich history of human occupation. Middle Farallon Island is an exposed rock located about four kilometers to the northwest, and the North Islands are a group of four larger rocks located eight kilometers to the northwest.

The intertidal habitat of the islands is unique in that it is exposed to wave action from all directions and, for the most part is void of anthropogenic influences. Common to most rocky intertidal habitats the shoreline of the Southeast Farallon Islands is not exposed to the effects of human trampling, extraction and tidepooling activities. However, pinnipeds can be a source of trampling at the South Farallon Islands. Overall, the Farallon Islands have a much greater percent cover than the rocky intertidal areas along the mainland. Also, algal rarities and extended northern ranges have been documented at the Farallones.

Goals The goals of the SEA Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project are to:

1. Establish a baseline dataset of algal and invertebrate species, including species abundance, diversity and distribution on the South Farallon Islands; and

2. Reveal variations in intertidal communities and individual species as a result of global climate change on the South Farallon Islands.

Objectives The objectives of the SEA Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project are to:

1. Create a species inventory of the rocky intertidal communities on the South Farallon Islands;

2. Determine the diversity of algal and invertebrate species at each monitoring area;

3. Determine site‐wide abundance of various species on the South Farallon Islands;

4. Photo‐document, collect and archive voucher specimens from the South Farallon Islands;

5. Assess the spatial distribution of species within each monitoring area (topographic map);

6. Determine long‐term temporal changes in range, abundance and distribution of species; and

7. Inventory native and introduced species of the rocky intertidal community of the South

Farallon Islands.

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

Project Overview In 1992, point and photo quadrats (30cm x 50cm) were establish at six locations on the South Farallon Islands (Figure 1). At each site, a minimum of three permanent quadrats were established in middle and high algal zones. The locations selected for monitoring are accessible, have distinct zonation, and are exposed to waves. Some locations are also known to be used as haul‐out areas for pinnipeds, thus allowing us to monitor the effects of trampling and waste products. Estimates of percent cover, primary and secondary cover and species inventory, abundance and distribution are documented.

Each quadrat is maintained and assessed one to three times, annually.

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) Surveys This working document describes the protocols for the SEA Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project at the South Farallon Islands. The Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) Surveys are an integrated network of monitoring projects within the Conservation Science Department of Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. SEA Surveys include: Beach Watch, SEA Surveys – Pelagic Habitat, and SEA Surveys – Rocky Intertidal. Collectively, these monitoring projects help characterize the status and health of the sanctuary. These projects ensure that science activities address management issues and are effectively integrated into Education and Ecosystem Protection programs of the sanctuary.

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

Survey Areas and Zones Number of zones: 6 zones – each zone has 3 – 6 permanent quadrats. If date is not listed, each quadrat was established in 1992.

1. Blow Hole: Permanent quadrats – Q 101: High zonation, semi‐exposed, established Aug. ‘96 Q 1: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed Q 2: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed Q 3: Middle zonation, exposed

2. Dead Sea Lion Flat: Permanent quadrats – Q 103: Low zonation, semi‐exposed, sand in area Q 4: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed, often has pinnipeds hauled out at low tide Q 5: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed Q 6: High zonation, semi‐exposed

3. Drunk Uncle Islet: Permanent quadrats – Q 104: High zonation, semi‐exposed, high surf, established Feb. ‘97 Q 105: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed, high surf, established Feb. ‘97 Q 7: Low zonation, semi‐exposed, usually high surf Q 8: Low zone, exposed, high surf, assessment‐too dangerous, last surveyed Feb. ‘96 Q 9: Low zonation, exposed, usually high surf

4. Raven’s Cliff: Permanent quadrats –

Q 10: Middle zonation, exposed, heavy surf Q 11: Low zonation, semi‐exposed, heavy surge channel flows on top of this quadrat Q 12: Low zonation, semi‐exposed

Q 13: High zonation, exposed, high surf, channel cut is deepening as of Feb. ‘97 Q 14: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed but often high surf, big storms winter ‘94‐‘95 Q 15: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed, but often high surf,

5. Low Arch: Permanent quadrats – Q 16: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed, occasional sea lion haul‐out Q 17: Middle zonation, semi‐exposed, occasional sea lion haul‐out Q 18: High zonation, semi‐exposed, occasional sea lion haul‐out

6. Mussel Flat: Permanent quadrats – Q 102: High zonation, protected Q 22: Low zonation, protected, vertical wall, shady side Q 20: Middle zonation, protected, vertical wall, shady site

Q 19: Middle zonation, protected, vertical wall, shady site

Location of permanent quadrats at the South Farallon Islands.

0.5

0.5 Mile

1 Kilometer

Saddle Rock

Mussel Flat

Low Arch

Blow Hole Peninsula

Jewel Cave

Fisherman's Bay

Sugarloaf

Sea Lion Cove

Jordan Channel

Raven's Cliff

Shell Beach

Drunk Uncle's Islet

Maintop Island

Southeast Farallon Island

123 00' o

37 42'o

= Location of intertidal monitoring sites at the South Farallon Islands.

N

Maintop Bay

Mirounga Bay

1, 2, 3, 101

19, 20, 22, 102

16, 17, 18

10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

7, 8, 104, 105

4, 5, 6, 103

Shubrick Point

• PISCO-CBS

Indicates location of proposed MARINe site in 2009.

Dead Sea Lion Flat

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

Target Survey Months A complete list of monitoring dates and the trip’s participants can be found in Table 1 in Appendix I.

1. August Assessment method: Point contact assessments Target species: Algal species Location: Blow Hole, Dead Sea Lion Flat, Low Arch, Mussel Flat

2. November Assessment method: Invertebrate Density Counts Target species: Invertebrate species identification Location: Blow Hole, Dead Sea Lion Flat, Low Arch, Mussel Flat

3. February Assessment method: Point contact assessments Target species: Algal species Location: Drunk Uncle Islet, Raven’s Cliff

Target, Core, and Optional Species Monitored Target Species = species or species groups targeted for monitoring. Target species have the highest priority for monitoring. If the species is present in sufficient numbers and it is logistically possible, plots or transects are established to monitor it every fall and spring. Generally, 3 to 8 target assemblages are monitored at a given site.

Core Species = Species or species group that researchers score in each plot or transect. By definition, Target species are a subset of Core species. Core species (or species groups as appropriate) are found in plots and transects in association with Target species. They are chosen because they are important in understanding abundance trends, and are recognizable from a slide with the use of field notes or identifiable on field transects.

Optional Species = Species or species groups that one or more monitoring groups choose to score at their sites but may not be appropriate or reasonable to require of all groups. Identifying optional species allows comparison and protocol standardization of even rare or uncommon species being monitored. Optional species can include species that is being studied in detail and those which are highly localized in distribution, but in either case, optional species are those that are monitored consistently over time.

There are 13 official Target species:

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

Anemones‐‐ Anthopleura elegantissima/solia Barnacles‐‐ Pollicipes polymerus Tetraclita rubescens Chthamalus dalli/fissus/Balanus glandula Black abalone‐‐ Haliotis cracherodii Owl limpets‐‐ Lottia gigantea California mussels‐‐ Mytilus californianus Seastars‐‐ Pisaster ochraceus Boa Kelp‐‐ Egregia menziesii Rockweed‐‐ Hesperophycus californicus Silvetia compressa Turfweed‐‐ Endocladia muricata Surfgrass‐‐ Phyllospadix scouleri/torreyi

Four species or species groups (Gelidium coulteri, Mazzaella spp. (=Iridaea spp.), Mastocarpus papillatus, and red turf), though chosen for fixed plot monitoring at a few sites, are not official target species for MARINe.

Target, Core, and Optional Species

1. Target Species: “Target” species (also called key or indicator species) are species or species groups specifically chosen for long‐term monitoring. They dominate particular zones or biotic assemblages in rocky intertidal habitats. The criteria for selecting target species include the following:

o Species ecologically important in structuring intertidal communities.

o Species that are competitive dominants or major predators.

o Species that are abundant, conspicuous or large.

o Species whose presence provides numerous microhabitats for other organisms.

o Species that are slow growing and long‐lived.

o Species that have interesting distributions along California coasts.

o Species found throughout California shores.

o Species characteristic of discrete intertidal heights.

o Species that are rare, unique, or found only in a particular intertidal habitat.

o Species approaching their biogeographic limits in California.

o Species that have been well studied, with extensive literature available.

o Species of special human interest.

o Species vulnerable and/or sensitive to human impacts, especially from oil spills.

o Species with special legal status.

o Introduced or invasive species.

o Species harvested by sport or commercial activities.

o Practical species for long‐term monitoring.

o Readily identifiable species.

o Sessile or sedentary species of reasonable size.

o Non‐cryptic species.

Data Sheets

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

As of December 2008 the Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project utilizes four data sheets. Samples of these data sheets can be found in Appendix I.

1. Daily Field Log – The Daily Field Log identifies the vitals of the day, including sea conditions, weather (Beaufort scale (Table 2)) and overall conditions of the survey zone. Marine mammals and birds present in the zone before monitoring begins are also recorded.

2. Photo Documentation Log – The photolog is used to record a description of each photo taken, including the photo number, permanent or random quadrat location, and any necessary comments. Every photograph needs to be properly recorded on the photolog in order to accurately catalog each photo.

3. Point Intercept Assessment –

4. Invertebrate Density Counts –

5. Field Log Definitions –

Recommended Order of Monitoring Tasks The following is a brief description of the recommended order in which the monitoring tasks should be completed.

1. Survey zone for shorebirds and marine mammals – Prior to entering the survey zone, scan the area for shorebirds and marine mammals that may be using the habitat for feeding and/or resting. These data are recoded on the Daily Field Log.

2. Complete the Daily Field Log to the best of your ability. Some information may need to be attained following the monitoring session. Notes on disturbances such as, increased siltation, appearance of oil sheens, or trampling are recorded on the Daily Field Log.

3. Prepare the site for the Zone Overview Photographs – a.) Build PVC quadrats b.) Locate permanent quadrat locations c.) Mark found locations with quadrat frames d.) Remove yourself and all equipment from the area to be photographed e.) Let the photographer know the zone is prepared.

4. Separate into 2 teams – Each team will have one person as the recorder and one person as the species identifier or photographer.

5. Photo team (Team #1) – Begin by photographing the quadrat closest to the water if the tide is rising. If the tide is still falling begin by photographing a permanent quadrat farthest from the water’s edge. Once the photographs for the chosen quadrat are complete, notify the other team and they will begin their survey. The photography team will continue taking photos until all permanent quadrats are photographed. Once ALL permanent quadrats are photographed the photographing team will begin surveying the remaining permanent quadrats.

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

6. Survey team (Team #2) – Begin surveying after the first permanent quadrat has been photographed. Continue surveying each of the remaining permanent quadrats.

7. Team #1 & Team #2 – Once all permanent quadrats are complete…Stand up and stretch!

8. Photo team (Team #1) – Locate the first random quadrat and photograph. Continue locating the remaining random quadrat locations, photographing each survey area, then marking the area with a quadrat.

9. Team #2 – Continue surveying the random quadrats.

10. Team #1 & Team #2 – Clean and make note of any quadrats that need maintenance throughout the survey. Following the completion of both permanent and random quadrat surveys, return to any areas where you noted maintenance needs and do so.

Zone Overview Photographs The purpose of Zone Overview Photographs is to document general conditions of the whole zone for each site visit. This protocol was initiated November 2008. During the survey, each zone will be photographed from the same location. There are one to two permanent overview photo points in each zone, which are marked by GPS coordinates. The specific location is found using the GPS coordinates along with identifiable landmarks. The specific location will provide the best overall site photos. The entire site, including all quadrats need to be visible and demarcated for the photo. These are the least amount of data to be collected in each zone during each site visit. These photos can be used to compare survey zones across months and years.

Overview photos should be taken during low tide to maximize the amount of intertidal exposed for the photographs. However, glare from the afternoon sun can make the photographs useless.

A list of overview photo points and descriptions can be found in Table 3. After locating the position, the photographer should set up a tripod with a digital camera over the coordinates. Bring photos from past years to line up the frame consistently. Record each photo taken on the Photo Documentation Log.

At the end of the sampling day, download the overview photos immediately to avoid accidental deletion. Files should be renamed to avoid confusion. The following convention should be used (example: D_fa_08_BHP_OV1_01.JPG):

o Photo type: D (data), A (animal), P (people) o Season: fa (oct‐jan), sp (feb‐may), su (jun‐sept) o Year: last two numbers only o Zone and/or Quadrat number: BHP1, BHP2, BHP3, BHP101 o OV Photo Point Number: OV01 or OV02 o Photo Number: 01, 02, 03, etc.

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

Permanent Quadrats (30cm x 50cm) Currently, each zone has three to six permanent quadrats. Time limitations were considered when designing the size of the permanent quadrats.

In order to increase the power of our sampling and to detect moderate changes, additional quadrats were established at each of the established sampling locations. Quadrats were added to high and middle intertidal zones. Sample size is at least two random and two fixed quadrats per zone, to establish 12 at the site.

Random Quadrats (30cm x 50cm) During each site visit, randomly selected quadrats are surveyed. Random quadrats are selected by first generating random distance (m) and bearing (°) output numbers. Then random quadrats are located by using the randomly generated output numbers (mentioned above). Measurements to locate random quadrats begin from permanent quadrat locations (closest corner in the direction of the randomly generated bearing).

Quadrat Demarcation and Maintenance The outside corner of each quadrat is demarcated with marine epoxy. Each quadrat was given a uniquely numbered, four centimeter diameter, stainless steel disk, which was placed in the upper left corner (when viewed from the seaward side). Quadrat corners are cleaned and maintained as necessary.

Sampling Frequency Surveys are conducted twice a year on Southeast Farallon and once a year on West End/Maintop Island. Surveys include: percent cover, point assessments for permanent and randomly selected quadrats.

Site Maps In 1997 maps were developed of each sampling site. Elevation and location using GPS were determined for each permanent quadrat. The maps are computerized in Canvas® and can be converted to Power Point or an ASCII file for use by other agencies. Updated maps are slated for production in 2009.

Quadrapod Photos Documentation Photo quadrat sampling is done for each permanent and random quadrat, minimally two times each year on Southeast Farallon Island and once a year on West End/Maintop Island. Originally, during each site visit 35mm color slides (Kodachrome ASA 200) were taken of each permanent and random quadrat in each zone. A flash was used with all photographic documentation. The camera was set at f‐stop 5.6. Beginning in 2001, digital images were collected of each quadrat. Images are cataloged and available for query or distribution. All images are cataloged by date and are available for query and can be used for evidence in the event of catastrophic damage to the sanctuary.

Beginning in March 2009, protocols will include the use of a quadrapod. This will help ensure more accurate and consistent photographs. The quadrapod will be replicated from a MARINe prototype.

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009

Point Intercept Assessments Point‐intercept sampling is done for each permanent and random quadrat, minimally two times each year on Southeast Farallon Island and once a year on West End Island. A perforated plate (30cm x 50cm) with a grid of 160 holes is used to define the sampling area. Four adjustable legs hold the plate off the substrate. Fifty‐two points within the grid are randomly chosen and assessed (Foster et al.

1991). Prior to determining the fifty‐two points, the grid is divided into four equal sections (40 holes each). Then thirteen random numbers are given in sequential order to each of the four sections.

Systematically dividing the plate into 4 sections reduces the probability of randomly selecting points in one area of the sampling area.

The perforated plate is placed with the number “1” or the “lowest” randomly generated number in the upper left corner when the observers back is to the ocean. To asses the quadrat, a long pin is passed through each randomly selected hole. At the point of contact, each algal and sessile invertebrate species contacted by the pin is identified and recorded. When layering occurs, the upper layers are moved aside and the lower layers are identified and counted. If an algal specimen is attached to the substrate within the quadrat or survey area, but the blades fall outside, the specimen is counted.

Multiple layers of different taxa are counted, allowing for over 100% cover in a quadrat. Multiple layers of the same species (taxon) under a single point are tallied only once. Cover estimates from point intercept assessments become more accurate by increasing point densities (Greig‐Smith 1983).

Point contact assessments are entered into Excel® spreadsheet and tallied for percent cover, including percent rock or bare space in each quadrat. Percent (%) algae bleached and the number of dead invertebrates within the surveyed quadrat is also recorded. Percentage cover of a species is then calculated by dividing the number of its point contacts by the total number of points distributed within the sampled area or plot.

When species are not identifiable in the field a representative sample is taken from outside the quadrat and pressed (algal species) or fixed in 70% isopropyl alcohol (animals). Each species will be identified post field surveys in the laboratory. Voucher specimens are permanently labeled and archived at the UC Berkeley Herbarium.

Invertebrate Density Counts Invertebrate density counts are conducted in November. This is the only month sampling for invertebrate density is completed. In order to assess density of key invertebrate species, counts are conducted at three levels within a quadrat. A complete list of core invertebrate species can be found in Table 4.

Within the 30cm x 50cm quadrat, counts of larger sessile species are conducted. A 25cm x 25cm square is used to sample for smaller species of limpets, top snails, Tetraclita and Pollicipies. When sampling for Balanus and Cthalamus, a 10cm x 10cm area is identified and sampled. When surveying within the smaller areas, place the appropriate square in the upper left corner, when your back is to the ocean.

Core Invertebrate Species (including Pisaster and Haliotis) 30cm x 50cm area o Mytilus californianus & Mytilus galloprovincialis/trosollus (mussels)

Sanctuary Ecosystem Assessment Surveys – Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Project 9/10/2009 o Antho elegantissima, sola & xanthogrammica (anemones) o Tonicella lineate, Nuttalina californica, Mopalia spp, Lepidochitona dentiens, Katharina tunicata (chitons) o Leptasterias spp.

o Lottia digitalis/L. austrodigitalis (limpets; > 15mm; excluding L. gigantean) o Lottia gigantea (owl limpet)

25cm x 25cm area o Lottiidae (limpets; < 5mm; 5‐10mm) o Trochidae (turban snails) o Tetraclita rubescens (barnacle) o Pollicipes polymerus (barnacle)

10cm x 10cm area o Balanus glandula, Chthamalus dalli/fissus (barnacle) o Littorina spp.

Suggested Monitoring Activities for Consideration in the Future o Jewel Cave – Timed search o Macroinvertebrate surveys o Install wave force meters o Install pH instrument to monitor for ocean acidification o Postelsia palmaeformis surveys – North Island and West End

Literature Cited Foster, M. S., C. Harrold, and D. D. Hardin. 1991. Point vs. photo quadrat estimates of the cover of sessile marine organisms. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 146:193‐203.

Greig‐Smith, P. 1983. Quantitative plant ecology [M]. London, Engltmd: Butterworths:54‐104.

Dates of Intertidal Survey Year Participants Participant Affiliation November 1991 Ukn Ukn February 1992 Ed Ueber GFNMS

Jan Roletto GFNMS Connor Ukn

August 12 – 14 1992 Ed Ueber GFNMS Jan Roletto GFNMS A. Wulfow Ukn Natalie Constantio GFNMS M.J. Schramm GFNMS

November 22 – 23 1992 Ed Ueber GFNMS Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS Bill Sydeman PRBO

February 4 – 7 1993 Ed Ueber GFNMS Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS

August 1993 November 26 – 28 1993 Ed Ueber GFNMS

Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS B. Ueber Unk

February 22 – 24 1994 Jan Rolleto GFNMS Leslie Grella FMSA

September 4 – 6 1994 Jan Roletto GFNMS Ed Ueber GFNMS Tony Chess FMSA Natalie Constantino GFNMS

November 29 – 30 1994 Jan Rolleto GFNMS Dan Howard GFNMS

February 12 – 15 1995 Jan Roletto GFNMS Dan Howard GFNMS

August 11 – 13 1995 Jan Roletto GFNMS December 3 – 5 1995 Jan Roletto GFNMS

Dan Howard GFNMS February 13 – 19 1996 Jan Roletto GFNMS

Ed Ueber GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS

Information is from a variety of sources including the Southeast Farallon Island Journal Table 1. Monitoring Dates and Participants

No sampling occurred

August 28 – 29 1996 Jan Roletto GFNMS

Ed Ueber GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS Maria Brown FMSA

November 22 – 25 1996 Jan Roletto GFNMS Ed Ueber GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS Dan Howard GFNMS

February 2 – 6 1997 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS

August 19 – 21 1997 Ed Ueber GFNMS Amber Mace FMSA Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Constantino GFNMS

November 10 – 13 1997 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Consentino GFNMS Ed Ueber GFNMS Dan Howard GFNMS

August 9 – 11 1998 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Consentino GFNMS Dave Osorio FMSA Ed Ueber GFNMS

October 31 – November 4 1998 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Consentino GFNMS Ed Ueber GFNMS Katarina Ratz GFNMS

February 26 – March 1 1999 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Cosentino GFNMS Ed Ueber GFNMS

August 10 – 13 1999 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Cosentino GFNMS Ed Ueber GFNMS Ellen Gartside FMSA Volunteer

February 5 – 9 2001 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Cosentino GFNMS Ed Ueber GFNMS Amity Wood FMSA

August 7 – 10 2001 Ed Ueber GFNMS Kathleen Dickey GFNMS Contractor Jamie Hall FMSA Ingrid Harrald FMSA

November 21 ‐ ? 2001 Ed Ueber GFNMS

Kathleen Dickey GFNMS Contractor Michael Carver CBNMS Jenny Stock CBNMS

February 23 ‐ 27 2002 Ed Ueber GFNMS Kathleen Dickey GFNMS Contractor Ian Miyashiro FMSA Jennifer Saltzman FMSA

January 25 – 30 2003 Ed Ueber GFNMS Susan McComb FMSA Volunteer Tom Worthington GFNMS Partner Kathleen Dickey GFNMS Contractor

August 25 – 28 2003 Ed Ueber GFNMS Kathleen Dickey GFNMS Contractor

February 14 – 20 2004 Ed Ueber GFNMS Susan Andres FMSA Joanne Mohr FMSA Kathleen Dickey GFNMS Contractor

August 13 – 17 2004 Ed Ueber GFNMS Dru Devlin FMSA Dawn Adams PRNS Kathleen Dickey GFNMS Contractor

November 09 ‐ 13 2004 Jan Roletto GFNMS Shannon Lyday FMSA Carol Preston GFNMS Haven Livingston PISCO SWAT

August 18 ‐ 22 2005 Jan Roletto GFNMS Natalie Cosentino‐ Manning

NOAA Restoration

Bob Lea NMFS Steven Morgan BLM

February 2005 Maria Brown GFNMS Haven Livingston PISCO SWAT +1 biologist PISCO SWAT +1 biologist PISCO SWAT

November 11 – 17 2005 Jan Roletto GFNMS Gillian O’Doherty NOAA Restoration Jordan Stout NOAA HAZMAT SSC

February 06 ‐ 14 2006 Jan Roletto GFNMS Charleen Gavette NMFS Kathy Ann Miller UC Berkeley Herbarium Tim Reed GFNMS

November 17 – 21 2006 Jan Roletto GFNMS Sage Tezak GFNMS Jordan Stout NOAA HAZMAT SSC

October 23 – 29 2007 Jan Roletto GFNMS

Kathy Anne Miller UC Berkeley Herbarium Katie McGortey UC Davis

February 2008

August 14 – 19 2008 Jan Roletto GFNMS Sage Tezak GFNMS

Kathy Broughton Office of National Marine Sanctuaries

Emily Siegel State Water Resources Control Board

November 10 – 15 2008 Jan Roletto GFNMS Sage Tezak GFNMS Maria Brown GFNMS

Emily Siegel State Water Resources Control Board

March 3 ‐ 9 2009

No sampling occurred ‐ time constraints from COSCO BUSAN & lack of funding

Table 2. Beaufort scale

Force Wind

(Knots)

WMO

Classification Appearance of Wind Effects

On the Water Appearance of Wind Effects

On Land

Less than 1 Calm Sea surface smooth and mirror‐like Calm, smoke rises vertically

1 1‐3 Light Air Scaly ripples, no foam crests Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still wind vanes

2 4‐6 Light Breeze Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes begin to move

3 7‐10 Gentle Breeze Large wavelets, crests begin to break, scattered whitecaps

Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended

4 11‐16 Moderate

Breeze Small waves 1‐4 ft. becoming longer, numerous whitecaps

Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small tree branches move

5 17‐21 Fresh Breeze Moderate waves 4‐8 ft taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray

Small trees in leaf begin to sway

6 22‐27 Strong Breeze Larger waves 8‐13 ft, whitecaps common, more spray

Larger tree branches moving, whistling in wires

7 28‐33 Near Gale Sea heaps up, waves 13‐20 ft, white foam streaks off breakers

Whole trees moving, resistance felt walking against wind

8 34‐40 Gale Moderately high (13‐20 ft) waves of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam blown in streaks

Whole trees in motion, resistance felt walking against wind

9 41‐47 Strong Gale High waves (20 ft), sea begins to roll, dense streaks of foam, spray may reduce visibility

Slight structural damage occurs, slate blows off roofs

10 48‐55 Storm Very high waves (20‐30 ft) with overhanging crests, sea white with densely blown foam, heavy rolling, lowered visibility

Seldom experienced on land, trees broken or uprooted, "considerable structural damage"

11 56‐63 Violent Storm Exceptionally high (30‐45 ft) waves, foam patches cover sea, visibility more reduced

12 64+ Hurricane Air filled with foam, waves over 45 ft, sea completely white with driving spray, visibility greatly reduced

Site Comments

BHP 10 S 0500018 4172312 10 S 0500018 4172312

JC did not sample ‐ Nov. 2008

MF 10 S 0499697 4172149 10 S 0499687 4172164

LA 10 S 0499593 4172265 10 S 499609 4172249

DSLF 10 S 0499652 4172688 only one site is possible due to location of quadrats

RC did not sample ‐ Nov. 2008

DUI did not sample ‐ Nov. 2008

Site 2 (UTM)Site 1 (UTM)

Table 3. Zone Overview Photographs

Table 4. Species list MARINe's target species are shown in BOLD Highlighted species are currently on GFNMS species list Photoplots Transects Size & Counts Field Log Recon Motile Inverts

GREEN ALGAE

Cladophora columbiana X Ulva/Enteromorpha X X Other Green Algae (any greens not listed above)* X X X

BROWN ALGAE

Egregia menziezii (Boa Kelp) X X X Eisenia arborea X X X Endarachne/Petalonia X X Fucus gardneri (= F. distichus) (Northern Rockweed) X X Halidrys dioica/Cystoseira spp X X X Hedophyllum sessile (Sea Cabbage) X X X Hesperophycus californicus (= H. harveyanus) (Olive Rockweed) X X Pelvetiopsis limitata (Dwarf Rockweed) X X Postelsia palmaeformis (Northern Sea Palm) X X Sargassum muticum X X X Scytosiphon spp X X Silvetia compressa (= Pelvetia fastigiata) (Golden Rockweed) X X Other Brown Algae (any browns not listed above)* X X

RED ALGAE

Chondracanthus canaliculatus (= Gigartina canaliculata) X X Endocladia muricata (Turfweed) X X Mastocarpus papillatus (Turkish Washcloth) X X Mazzaella affinis (= Rhodoglossum affine) X X Mazzaella spp.(= Iridaea spp.) (Iridescent Weed) X X Neorhodomela larix (Black Pine) X X Porphyra sp X X Rhodymenia californica Rhodymenia pacifica

Highlighted species are currently on GFNMS species list Photoplots Transects Size & Counts Field Log Recon Motile Inverts Articulated Corallines (Erect Corallines) X X Crustose Corallines (Encrusting Corallines) X X Cryptopleura violacea Ceramium eatonium Cryptopleura rosacea Gastroclonium subarticulatum Gelidium coulteri Gelidium purpurascens Hildenbrandia prototypus Hildenbrandia occidentalis Mastocarpus jardinii Microcladia borealis Microcladia coulteri Plocamium violaceum Prionitis lanceolata Prionitis lyallii (new name: Prionitis sternbergii ) Pterocladia capillacea Petrocelis sp . (Tar spot) Osmundea spectabilis Other Red Algae (any reds not listed above)* X X

ALGAE/PLANTS

Phyllospadix scouleri/torreyi (Surfgrass) X X X Non‐Coralline Crusts (reds and browns) X X Other Plant/Algae* X X

ANEMONES

Anthopleura elegantissima/sola (Green Anemone) X X X

POLYCHAETE WORMS

Phragmatopoma californica X X X

MOLLUSKS

Highlighted species are currently on GFNMS species list Photoplots Transects Size & Counts Field Log Recon Motile Inverts Acanthina spp X Fissurella volcano X Haliotis cracherodii (Black Abalone) X X Katharina tunicata X Lepidochitona hartwegii X Littorina spp X X Littorina keenae Lottia digitalis Lottia pelta Lottia scabra Lottia gigantea (Owl Limpet) X X X X Mopalia spp X Mytilus californianus (California Mussel) X X X X Musculus pygmaeus Nucella emarginata X Nucella canaliculata X Nuttalina spp X Ocenebra circumtexta X Tegula brunnea X Tegula funebralis X Tegula gallina X Tegula spp X Limpets X Large Limpets > 15mm (excluding L. gigantea) X Medium Limpets 5‐15mm X Small Limpets < 5mm X Chitons X

BARNACLES

Balanus glandula (Northern Barnacle) X

Highlighted species are currently on GFNMS species list Photoplots Transects Size & Counts Field Log Recon Motile Inverts Chthamalus dalli/fissus & Balanus glandula (White Barnacle) X X Pollicipes polymerus (Goose Barnacle) X X Semibalanus cariosus (Thatched Barnacle) X X Tetraclita rubescens (Pink Barnacle) X X Barnacles X Other Barnacles (any barnacles not listed above)* X

ECHINODERMS

Pisaster ochraceus (Ochre Star) X X X X Henricia spp X Strongylocentrotus purpuratus X

CRUSTACEANS

Ligia occidentalis X Pachygrapsis crassipes X Pagurus spp X

INVERTEBRATES

Haliclona sp.

Ophlitaspongia pennata (Red encrusting sponge) Other Invertebrates (Other Animals) (any inverts not listed above)* X X

SUBSTRATES

Rock (Bare Rock) X X Sand X X Tar X X X

UNDETERMINED

Other Substrate (e.g., dead mussel shells or barnacle tests) X X Unidentified (cannot tell if plant, invert or substrate) X X

* The specific definitions of these categories are different for photoplots vs. transects.

** Core species for MARINe North only.

Site name (circle): Date: ___M___/___D___/___Y___

Time begin (24 hr):_____________ Time end (24 hr): Low tide: (ft.) at _____________(24 hr)

Recorder:____________________Other participants:

Weather & Sea Conditions (affecting quality of sampling)

Rain (H ; M ; L): __________

Debris & Pollutants (magnitude at site)

Sketches:

Species # # Oystercatcher Pelican Cormorant Gull Tern Lg. Shorebird Sm. Shorebird Other:

Unusual events:

Repair completed or needed:

Vouchers collected:

Other Comments / Notes:

Farallon Islands Rocky Intertidal Daily Field Log

BHP ; JC ; MF ; LA ; DSLF ; RC ; DUI ; Other:____________________

N. fur seal

Harbor seal

Steller sea lion

Oil / Tar (H ; M ; L): ________

Cali sea lion Elephant seal

Species

Birds & Mammals (maximum # seen at any one time during the sampling)

Shells (H ; M ; L): _______Plant wrack (H ; M ; L): ________ Driftwood (H ; M ; L): __________ Dead Animals (H ; M ; L): _________

Cloud cover (%) (circle): 0 ; 1-25 ; 26-50 ; 51-80 ; 81-100Recent rain (H ; M ; L): _________Water temp (°C): _____

See clipboard for key to H ; M ; L !

Swell / Surge (H ; M ; L): ________ ≥ 20 knots11 to 20 knotsWind (circle): ≤ 10 knots

12/12/2008

Site name (circle): Date: ___M___/___D___/___Y__

Photographer:________________________________Recorder:__________________________________________ Page ____of ____

Photo # Perm Q #

Photo Documentation Log

Comments (camera settings)Random Q Location

BHP ; JC ; MF ; LA ; DSLF ; RC ; DUI ; Other:____________________

12/15/2008

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Site name (circle): BHP ; JC ; MF ; LA ; DSLF ; RC ; DUI ; Other:__________________________ Date: ___M___/___D___

Time begin (24 hr): Time end (24 hr):

Recorder: Other participants:

Farallon Islands Invertebrate Density Counts

< 5 mm_________ 5‐

< 5 mm_________ 5‐

< 5 mm_________ 5‐

< 5 mm_________ 5‐

< 5 mm_________ 5‐

< 5 mm_________ 5‐

_______m ;

from Q_______

_______m ;

from Q_______

_______m ;

from Q_______

_______m ;

from Q_______

_______m ;

from Q_______

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_______m ;

from Q_______

_______m ;

from Q_______

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10 x 10 cm

Limpets (all species) specify size (< 5mm ; 5‐ 15mm)

Top Snails

Tetraclita

Pollicipies

< 5 mm_________ 5‐

Chitons (all species)

Leptasterias

Large Limpets (> 15 mm; exculing L.

Owl Limpets (L. gigantea)

Random quadrat location (meters and compass bearing from permanent quadrat)

Quadrat #

Mussels (Mytilus) Anemones (Antho e, sola & xantho)

Zone (H ; M ; L)

30 x 50 cm

Field Log Definitions

Codes No Data (‐‐): Draw a horizontal line through any blank area to indicate that this category was not evaluated or does not apply.

None (0): None were found within the defined site boundaries.

Low (L): Relatively few or low levels were found within the defined site boundaries.

Med (M): Medium numbers or moderate levels were found within defined site boundaries.

High (H): High numbers or high levels were found within defined site boundaries.

Weather and Sea Conditions Swell/Surge (H / M / L): Relative levels of water movement over seaward portion of site.

Rain (H / M / L): Relative amounts of precipitation at the site during the survey.

Recent rain (H / M / L): Evidence or knowledge of rain amounts at the site over the past days.

Water Temp: Actual seawater temperature (°C)

Debris and Pollutants Plant Wrack (H / M / L): Levels of unattached algae or other drift plants within the site.

Driftwood (H / M / L): Levels of sticks, branches, and logs within the site.

Shells (H / M / L): Levels of dead shells, especially mussel shells.

Dead Animals (H / M / L): Levels of dead invertebrates, fish, birds, or mammals.

Oil/Tar (H / M / L): Relative extent of fresh or weathered oil/tar within the site.

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