Attachment B - REQ SPEC - L1 Series SWIPS Rev 1.pdf

L1 Series SWiPS SPEC L1SERIES-SWIPS-REQ-0010, Revision - Effective Date: February 12, 2024 ii Check https://ipdtdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/frontmenu_dsp.cfm to verify that this is the correct version prior to use.

L1 Series Solar Wind Plasma Sensor (SWiPS) Requirements Specification (SPEC)

Review/Signature/Approval Page

Prepared by:

Electronically Approved on TDMS By:

Kevin Kane SWO L1 Series NASA GSFC, Code 493

Reviewed by:

Charles “Hudson” DeLee SWO L1 Series NASA GSFC, Code 493

Approved by:

Tim Vansant L1 Series Project Manager NASA/GSFC, Code 493

Electronic Approval available on-line at: IPD TDMS -Instruments Project Division TDMS (nasa.gov) iii Check https://ipdtdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/frontmenu_dsp.cfm to verify that this is the correct version prior to use.

Preface

This document is under SWO Program configuration control. Once this document is approved, SWO approved changes are handled in accordance with Class I and Class II change control requirements as described in the SWO Configuration Management Procedure, and changes to this document shall be made by complete revision.

In this plan, all mandatory actions (i.e., requirements) are denoted by statements containing the term “shall.” The terms “may” or “can” denote discretionary privilege or permission; “should” denotes a good practice and is recommended but not required; “will” denotes expected outcome;

and “are/is” denotes descriptive material.

Any questions should be addressed to:

SWO Configuration Management Office

NASA/GSFC

Code 493.0 Greenbelt, MD 20771 iv Check https://ipdtdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/frontmenu_dsp.cfm to verify that this is the correct version prior to use.

Change History Log

Revision Effective Date Description of Changes

Revision -

February 12, 2024

This document was reviewed in CCR L1SERIES-CCR- 0051 and L1SERIES-CCR-0063 to baseline and was approved on February 12, 2024 vii Check https://ipdtdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/frontmenu_dsp.cfm to verify that this is the correct version prior to use.

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Information

1.2 Scope

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

3 CONTRACT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Solar Wind Plasma Sensor

3.2 Ground Support Equipment Description

4 FUNCTIONAL/PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

4.1 SWiPS Performance Requirements

4.1.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Products

4.1.1.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities

4.1.1.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Accuracy

4.1.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Density Products

4.1.2.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Densities

4.1.2.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Density Accuracy

4.1.3 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Products

4.1.3.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures

4.1.3.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Accuracy

4.1.4 Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Products

4.1.4.1 Solar Wind Dynamic Pressures

4.1.5 Refresh Rate and Latency

4.1.6 Field of View (FOV)

4.2 Resource Allocations

4.2.1 Mass Allocation

4.2.2 Physical Envelope

4.2.3 Operational Power Allocation

4.2.4 Peak Operational Power Allocation

4.2.5 Survival Heater Power Allocation

4.2.6 Telemetry

4.2.7 Transient Magnetic Field

4.2.8 Static Magnetic Field

4.3 SWiPS Operating Modes

4.3.1 In-Flight Calibration

4.3.2 Mode Transitions

4.3.3 Deterministic Power-on Configuration

4.3.4 Safe Mode

4.3.4.1 Entry into Safe Mode

4.3.5 Fail-safe Recovery Mode

4.3.6 Normal Operational Mode

4.3.7 On-Orbit Operations

4.3.8 Station Keeping

4.3.9 Activation

4.3.10 Instrument Diagnostic Mode

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4.4 Instrument Data Availability

4.5 Power

4.5.1 Voltage Range

4.5.2 Abnormal Voltages

4.5.3 Sudden Removal of Power

4.5.4 Over-Current Protection

4.5.5 Primary Power Return Ground

4.5.6 Turn-on Current Transients

4.6 Electrical Grounding

4.6.1 Primary Power DC Isolation

4.6.2 Survival Power Isolation

4.6.3 Internally Generated Secondary to Primary DC Isolation

4.6.4 Internally Generated Secondary Return

4.6.5 Mechanical Contact Resistance

4.6.6 Grounding

4.6.7 Connector DC Resistance

4.7 Signal And Data Interfaces

4.7.1 Passive Analog Telemetry

4.7.2 Data Signal Interface

4.7.2.1 Telemetry Source Packet Format

4.7.2.2 Command Source Packet Format

4.7.3 Clock Signal Interface

4.7.4 Command and Housekeeping telemetry

4.7.5 Commands for Autonomous Functions

4.7.6 Limits and Triggers

4.7.7 On-Board Processor Reset

4.7.8 Micro-switches

4.8 Flight Software

4.8.1 Flight Load Non-volatile Memory

4.8.2 Software Updates

4.8.3 Software Table Updates

4.8.4 Flexibility and Ease of Software Modification

4.8.5 Version Identifiers

4.8.6 Warm Restart

4.8.7 Memory Tests

4.8.8 Memory Dump

4.8.9 Fault Detection and Correction Control

4.8.10 Health and Safety Monitoring

5 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Interface and Design Units and Exclusions

5.2 Mass Properties Accuracy

5.2.1 Instrument Mass Accuracy

5.2.2 Center of Mass Location

5.2.3 Center of Mass Accuracy

5.2.4 Determination of Moments and Products of Inertia

5.3 Mounting

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5.3.1 Surface Flatness

5.3.2 Method

5.4 Coordinate System and Alignment

6 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Mechanical Factors of Safety

6.2 Quasi-Static Acceleration

6.3 Frequency Requirement

6.3.1 Fundamental Launch Frequencies

6.4 Vibration

6.4.1 Sinusoidal Vibration

6.4.2 Random Vibration

6.5 Shock

6.6 Acoustics

6.7 Transportation

6.7.1 Transportation Cleanliness

6.8 Pressure

6.8.1 Operating Pressure Range

6.8.2 Maximum Depressurization Rate

6.8.3 Launch Vehicle (LV) Environmental Control System (ECS) Impingement

6.9 On-Orbit Dynamic Environment

6.9.1 Dynamic Linear Acceleration

6.9.2 Dynamic Angular Acceleration

6.10 Thermal Requirements

6.10.1 Flight Interface Design Temperature Limits

6.11 Charged Particle Radiation Requirements

6.11.1 Definitions

6.11.2 Radiation Hardness Assurance

6.11.2.1 Single-Event Effect Rate Calculations

6.11.3 Charging Environment

6.11.4 Total Ionizing Dose

6.11.5 Displacement Damage Dose Levels

6.11.6 Single Event Effects

6.11.7 Solar Cycle Performance

6.11.8 Solar Particle Event Operations

6.11.9 Solar Flare Survival

7 CONTAMINATION CONTROL

7.1 Surface Cleanliness Requirements

7.2 Contamination Generation

7.2.1 Particulate Generation

7.2.2 Molecular Contamination Generation

7.2.2.1 Molecular Material Restrictions

7.3 Vacuum Bakeouts

7.4 Contamination Analyses

7.5 Venting Requirements

7.6 Instrument Purging

7.7 Cleanability and Protection

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7.8 Electrostatic Cleanliness

7.8.1 Conductive Surface Ground Path

7.8.2 Conductive Surface Resistivity

7.8.3 Closeout of Gaps and Apertures

7.8.4 Exposed Harness Specific Requirements

7.8.5 Thermal Blankets

8 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

8.1 Electrical

8.1.1 Test Sensors

8.1.2 MGSE Grounding

8.1.3 Connector Specifications

8.1.3.1 Contact Derating

8.1.3.2 Redundant Contact Derating

8.1.3.3 Signal Segregation

8.1.3.4 Test and Flight Signal Isolation

8.1.4 Test Interfaces

8.1.4.1 Facility-Induced Noise

8.1.4.2 Facility-Induced ESD GSE Malfunction

8.1.4.3 Facility-Induced GSE Malfunction

8.1.5 Mitigation of Internal Charging

8.1.5.1 Mitigation Strategies for Internal Charging

8.1.5.2 Floating Conductors

8.1.5.3 Dielectric Structures

8.2 Safety

8.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility

8.3.1 Conducted Emissions

8.3.1.1 Applicability of Conducted Emissions

8.3.1.2 CE101 – Differential Mode Conducted Emissions Limits

8.3.1.3 CE03 – Differential Mode Conducted Emissions Limits

8.3.1.4 CMBCE – Common Mode Bulk Conducted Emissions Limits

8.3.2 Conducted Susceptibility

8.3.2.1 Applicability of Conducted Susceptibility

8.3.2.2 CS101 – Conducted Susceptibility Limit

8.3.2.3 CS114 – Conducted Susceptibility Differential Mode Limit

8.3.2.4 CS114 – Conducted Susceptibility, Common Mode, Power Cables

8.3.2.5 CS06 – Conducted Susceptibility, Transients Limits

8.3.2.6 CS115 - Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation ... 68

8.3.3 Radiated Emissions

8.3.3.1 RE102 - Electric Field Emissions Limits

8.3.4 Radiated Susceptibility

8.3.4.1 RS103 - Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, Launch Limit

8.3.4.2 RS103 - Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, On-Orbit Limit

8.4 Identification and Marking

8.5 Workmanship

8.5.1 Connectors

8.6 Reliability and Mission Lifetime

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8.6.1 Mission Life

8.6.2 Operating Time

8.6.3 Trouble-Free Time

8.7 Ground Handling

8.7.1 Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Design

8.7.2 Lifting Hardware

8.7.3 Manual Lifting Hardware

8.7.4 GSE Cleanliness

8.7.5 GSE Bakeout

8.7.6 Test Harness

8.8 Interface Documentation

8.8.1 Mechanical Interface

8.8.2 Electrical Interface

8.8.3 Data Interface

9 MECHANICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

9.1 Structural Requirements

9.1.1 Component Fatigue

9.1.2 Fracture Control Requirements

9.2 Fastening Systems

9.2.1 Factors of Safety

9.2.2 Supplemental Factor

9.2.3 Ultimate Design Loads

9.2.4 Yield Design Loads

9.2.5 Design Separation Load

9.2.6 Fastener Locking and Retention

9.2.6.1 Thread Engagement

9.2.6.2 Locking Feature Verification

9.2.6.3 Locking Feature Installation

9.2.6.4 Snap Ring and Cotter Pin Use Limitation

9.2.6.5 Snap Ring and Cotter Pin Use

9.2.6.6 Liquid Locking Compounds

9.2.6.6.1 Verification

9.2.6.7 Locking Features

9.2.6.7.1 Specification

9.2.6.7.2 Validation

9.2.7 Installation Torque Specification and Control

9.2.7.1 Installation Torque Range

9.2.7.2 Running Torque Identification

9.2.8 Fastened Joints Criteria

9.2.8.1 Minimum and Maximum Preload

9.2.8.2 Analysis Addressing Potential Rupture

9.2.8.3 Ultimate Strength Analysis

9.2.8.3.1 Applied Shear Loading

9.2.8.3.2 Shear Loading

9.2.8.4 Simultaneous Applied Tensile and Shear Loads

9.2.8.5 Allowable Yield Tensile Load

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9.2.8.6 Separation Analysis

9.2.8.7 Seal Analysis

10 LOGISTICS

10.1 I&T Deliverables

10.2 Ground Support Equipment

10.2.1 Electrical System Test Equipment

10.2.2 Instrument Emulator

10.3 Transportation Equipment

10.3.1 Shipping Container

11 VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

11.1 Verification Methods

11.1.1 Inspection

11.1.2 Analysis

11.1.3 Test

11.1.4 Demonstration

11.2 Inspection Requirements

11.2.1 Visual Inspection

11.2.2 Physical Measurement

11.2.3 Documentation Search

11.3 Analysis Requirements

11.4 Test Requirements

11.4.1 Definitions

11.4.2 Test Factors

11.4.3 Test Tolerances

11.4.4 Test Restrictions

11.4.4.1 Failure During Tests

11.4.4.2 Modification of Hardware

11.4.4.3 External Adjustment

11.4.4.4 Re-Test Requirements

11.4.4.5 Configuration

11.5 Required Tests

11.5.1 Performance Tests

11.5.1.1 Comprehensive Performance Test

11.5.1.2 Limited Performance Test

11.5.1.3 Abbreviated Functional Test

11.5.2 Mass Properties Measurement

11.5.3 Static Loads/Strength Test

11.5.3.1 Sine Burst

11.5.3.2 Static Pull

11.5.4 Sine Sweep Survey

11.5.5 Sine Vibration

11.5.6 Random Vibration

11.5.7 Acoustic Test

11.5.8 Shock

11.5.9 Thermal Vacuum Bake-out

11.5.10 Thermal Vacuum Test

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11.5.10.1 Thermal Vacuum Test Parameters

11.5.10.2 Thermal Vacuum Test Profile

11.5.11 Magnetics Test

11.5.12 Harness Tests

11.5.13 EMI/EMC Tests

APPENDIX A ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

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List of Figures

Figure 1 Telemetry Source Packet Definition Figure 2 Time Code Format Figure 3 Command Source Packet Figure 4 Spacecraft Time Message Packet Figure 5 Spacecraft Reference System Figure 6 Sine Vibration Environment Figure 7 Random Vibration Environment Figure 8 Candidate LV Shock Environment Figure 9 L1 Series Acoustic Design Envelope (TBR) Figure 10 Allowable Analytical, Flight Operation, Flight Acceptance Test, and Qualification

(ProtoFlight or Prototype) Test Temperature Ranges Figure 11 Total Ionizing Dose-Depth Curve Figure 12 Displacement Damage Dose in Silicon vs. Shielding Thickness Dose-Depth Curve 38 Figure 13 Displacement Damage Dose in Gallium Arsenide Dose-Depth Curve Figure 14 LET Spectrum of GCR Background Figure 15 Solar LET Spectrum Background Figure 16 Solar Proton Background Spectra Figure 17 Peak Solar Particle Event Flux Figure 18 Peak Solar Proton Flux Figure 19 CE101/CE03 Differential Mode Conducted Emissions Limits Figure 20 Common Mode Bulk Conducted Emissions Limit Figure 21 Power Lead Conducted Susceptibility (CS101) Voltage Limit Figure 22 Conducted Susceptibility Power Limit (30 Hz to 150 kHz) Figure 23 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 150 kHz to 50 MHz Limit Figure 24 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 150 kHz to 50 MHz Current Limits Figure 25 Common Mode Conducted Susceptibility Calibration Limit Figure 26 Conducted Susceptibility Transient Waveform Figure 27 CS115 Impulse Waveform Figure 28 Unit Level RE102 Radiated Electric Field Emission Limits Figure 29 Thermal Vacuum Profile

List of Tables

Table 1 Applicable Documents (TBR) Table 2 Factors of Safety1,2 Table 3 Design Limit Loads Table 4 Candidate LV Shock Environment Table 5 L1 Series Acoustic Design Envelope (TBR) Table 6 Transportation Loads (TBR) Table 7 Orbit Thermal Parameters Table 8 Total Ionizing Dose vs. Shielding Thickness Table 9 Displacement Damage Dose in Silicon vs. Shielding Thickness Table 10 Displacement Damage Dose in Gallium Arsenide vs. Shielding Thickness xv Check https://ipdtdms.gsfc.nasa.gov/frontmenu_dsp.cfm to verify that this is the correct version prior to use.

Table 11 LET Spectrum of GCR Background Table 12 Solar Background LET Spectrum Table 13 Solar Proton Background Flux Table 14 Peak Solar Particle Event Flux Table 15 Peak Solar Proton Flux Table 16 Lifetime Contamination Requirements Table 17 Thermal Blanket Area vs. Grounding Tabs Table 18 Emission and Susceptibility Requirements Table 19 RS103 Radiated Susceptibility Levels Table 20 Test Factors and Durations Table 21 Thermal Vacuum Test Parameters

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Information

1.2 Scope

This specification describes the performance and electrical, mechanical, environmental, and verification testing requirements for a space-qualified Solar Wind Plasma Sensor for the Space Weather Next L1 Series Mission.

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2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The following documents and drawings in effect on the day this specification was signed shall apply to the fabrication and to the electrical, mechanical, and environmental requirements of the SWiPS to the extent specified herein. In the event of conflict between this specification and any referenced document, this specification will govern, with the exception of the L1 Series SWiPS Statement of Work (L1SERIES-SWIPS-SOW-0003), in which case the Statement of Work takes precedence.

The following is a list of the applicable specifications and publications.

Table 1 Applicable Documents (TBR)

Document Number Title L1SERIES-SWIPS-SOW-0003 L1 Series Solar Wind Plasma Sensor (SWiPS) Statement of

Work (SOW) L1SERIES-SWIPS-REQ-0015 L1 Series Solar Wind Plasma Sensor (SWiPS) Contract

Deliverables Requirements List (CDRL) ANSI/TIA/EIA-422 Revision - B

Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits

ANSI/TIA/EIA-644 Revision - A-2001

Electrical Characteristics of Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) Interface Circuits

NFPA 70 National Fire Protection Association National Electric Code NASA-STD-5001B Structural Design and Test Factors of Safety For Spaceflight

Hardware NASA-STD-8719.24 NASA Expendable Launch Vehicle Payload Safety

Requirements NASA-STD-6016C Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for

Spacecraft NASA-HDBK-7005 Dynamic Environment Criteria NASA-STD-7001 Payload Vibroacoustic Test Criteria IEST-STD-CC-1246E Product Cleanliness Levels and Contamination Control

Program ASTM E-595-07 Standard Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected

Volatile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment

MIL-DTL-5541 Chemical Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

MIL-A-8625F Anodic Coatings for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys EEE-INST-002 Instructions for EEE Parts Selection, Screening, Qualification, and Derating MIL-STD-461G Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference

Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment GSFC-STD-7000B General Environmental Verification Standard (GEVS) for

GSFC Flight Programs and Projects NASA-STD-5019A Fracture Control Requirements for Spaceflight Hardware

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NASA-STD-5020B Requirements for Threaded Fastening Systems in Spaceflight Hardware

NASA-STD-5017B Design and Development Requirements for Mechanisms NASA-HDBK-4002B Mitigating In-Space Charging Effects—A Guideline FAA AC 20-71 Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (AC) 20-

71, “Dual Locking Devices on Fasteners” NASM 33540 Safety Wiring, Safety Cabling, Cotter Pinning, General

Practices for SAE AS567 Safety Cable, Safety Wire, Key Washers, and Cotter Pins for

Propulsion Systems, General Practices for Use of MSFC-STD-3029A Guidelines for the Selection of Metallic Materials for Stress

Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Sodium Chloride Environments

MIL-STD-462, Notice 4 Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics, Measurement of, 1 May 1970

ISO 14644-1:2015 Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration

ISO 14644-3: 2005 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments -- Part 3:

Test methods

CCSDS 133.0-B-2 Space Packet Protocol, Blue Book, Issue 2, June 2020 CCSDS 301.0-B-4 Time Code Formats. Blue Book. Issue 3, January 2002

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3 CONTRACT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Solar Wind Plasma Sensor

The Solar Wind Plasma Sensor is used to measure solar wind, a super-sonic flow of hot plasma from the Sun and provide early warning of changes which affect the geomagnetic environment.

The measurements are used to characterize coronal mass ejections (CMEs), co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs), interplanetary shocks and high speed flows associated with coronal holes. In particular, Solar Wind Plasma Sensor measurements include the bulk ion velocity, ion temperature and density and derived dynamic pressure.

The SWiPS contract includes the delivery of two (2) Flight Models (FM) instrument and one (1) Engineering Development Unit (EDU), flight harnesses between instrument boxes, if applicable, and enough spares and built-up sub-assemblies for one additional FM, an electronics unit, and harnesses.

3.2 Ground Support Equipment Description

The Solar Wind Plasma Sensor contract includes the delivery of two (2) sets of the Electrical System Test Equipment (ESTE), four (4) Solar Wind Plasma Sensor Emulators, and one (1) Ground Processing Development System (GPDS). Additionally, Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE) such as lifting fixtures/handles, shipping containers, purge carts, drill templates, test fixtures, non-flight protective covers, etc. are included in the delivery. Electrical Ground Support Equipment (EGSE) includes, but is not limited to, test cables and break-out boxes as required.

Ground Support Equipment is necessary to operate the instrument during spacecraft testing.

Supplying this equipment is considered part of the delivery for the instrument. More information is provided in the Contract Deliverable Requirement List (CDRL).

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4 FUNCTIONAL/PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

This section defines the functional and performance requirements for the L1 Series SWiPS.

The requirements in this Specification pertain to the SWiPS "system", which may include all instrument hardware, software, and ground processing algorithms. The SWiPS contractor is not responsible for the operational ground system, but certain specifications will require ground processing after collection but before data distribution for which the contractor is responsible for defining and developing.

4.1 SWiPS Performance Requirements

4.1.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Products

4.1.1.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities

SWiPS-116: The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities ≥ 200 and ≤ 2500 km/sec.

4.1.1.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Accuracy

SWiPS-118: The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities with an accuracy of ±10%.

4.1.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Density Products

4.1.2.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Densities

SWiPS-121: The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Densities ≥ 0.1 and ≤ 150 particles/cm3.

4.1.2.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Density Accuracy

SWiPS-123: The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Densities with an accuracy of ±10%.

4.1.3 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Products

4.1.3.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures

SWiPS-126: The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures ≥ 40,000 and ≤ 2,000,000 K.

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4.1.3.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Accuracy

SWiPS-128: The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures with an accuracy of ±10%.

4.1.4 Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Products

4.1.4.1 Solar Wind Dynamic Pressures

The SWiPS measurements will be used to derive Solar Wind Dynamic Pressures ≥ 1 and ≤ 100 nPascals. The Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure is defined as P=1/2*rho*v2, with rho being the SWiPS instrument measured thermal plasma ion density and v the SWiPS instrument measured thermal plasma ion velocity.

4.1.5 Refresh Rate and Latency

The L1 Series mission will make Solar Wind data available to SWPC forecasters within 5 minutes of the completion of each data acquisition.

SWiPS-134: The SWiPS shall have a refresh rate of the ion velocity, density and temperature data acquisition and output of ≤ 60 sec.

SWiPS-135: The processing of a completed on-orbit data collection by the instrument and the transmission to the spacecraft shall contribute ≤2 seconds to the overall latency of the solar wind data product.

SWiPS-136: The SWiPS ground processing algorithms contribution to data latency of the SWiPS Level 2 algorithm output shall be ≤ 236 seconds.

4.1.6 Field of View (FOV)

SWiPS-1553: The SWiPS FOV shall be unobstructed and centered on a Line of Sight (LOS) to the sun.

SWiPS-1554: The width of the FOV shall be sufficient to ensure measurement requirements can be met 99.9% of the time under normal operating conditions.

SWiPS-138: The SWiPS FOV shall not exceed 125 degrees wide in the ecliptic and 65 wide out-of-the ecliptic (each full angle) (TBR).

The spacecraft will provide an unobstructed field of view.

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4.2 Resource Allocations

4.2.1 Mass Allocation

SWiPS-142: The SWiPS (including mounting hardware, thermal blankets and cabling) shall have a mass of less than or equal to 12 kg.

SWiPS-2790: The SWiPS instrument mass margin shall comply with GSFC-STD-1000H Rule 1.06.

4.2.2 Physical Envelope

SWiPS-144: The SWiPS volume (length*width*height), including mounts, thermal blankets and connectors, for both stowed and operational configurations shall have dimensions that do not exceed a total volume of 34,200 cm3. These dimensions pertain to both static and dynamic envelopes of the instrument.

SWiPS-145: The SWiPS maximum dimension shall be less than 38 cm.

4.2.3 Operational Power Allocation

SWiPS-147: The SWiPS operational power, including operational heater power, shall be ≤ 15W.

4.2.4 Peak Operational Power Allocation

SWiPS-149: The SWiPS shall have a peak (instantaneous) operational power of ≤ 22 W (20m sec at 30V).

4.2.5 Survival Heater Power Allocation

SWiPS-151: The SWiPS shall have a survival heater power consumption of ≤ 11 W.

4.2.6 Telemetry

SWiPS-153: The SWiPS instrument science and engineering data rate, including all overhead associated with Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) packetization by the instrument at the spacecraft interface, shall not exceed 8.0 kilobits per second (kbps), when averaged over any 5 second period.

4.2.7 Transient Magnetic Field

SWiPS-155: The SWiPS instrument shall limit varying magnetic field less than 5 Hz to less than 4 nT zero-to-peak in any axis 1 meter from any face of the unit for any operating mode and changing configurations.

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4.2.8 Static Magnetic Field

SWiPS-157: The SWiPS units shall limit the static magnetic field to less than 40 nT in any axis 1 meter from any face of the unit for any operating mode.

4.3 SWiPS Operating Modes

SWiPS-159: The SWiPS current operating mode shall be identified by a flag in its telemetry stream.

4.3.1 In-Flight Calibration

SWiPS-161: The SWiPS shall provide an in-flight calibration mode that provides a test input to support calibration and testing both on the ground and in space.

SWiPS-162: The SWiPS instrument shall still be capable of providing normal science data while operating in this mode.

SWiPS-163: The SWiPS in-flight calibration shall be both self-terminating and able to be terminated by a ground command.

4.3.2 Mode Transitions

SWiPS-165: The instrument shall transition from the current mode to any other mode without causing damage to itself.

4.3.3 Deterministic Power-on Configuration

SWiPS-167: The instrument shall initialize upon power-up into a predetermined configuration.

SWiPS-1555: The SWiPS initialization configuration shall not enable any high voltage power supplies.

SWiPS-1556: High voltage power supplies shall be enabled by ground command only.

4.3.4 Safe Mode

SWiPS-169: The instrument shall provide a Safe Mode. Safe mode is an operating mode of the instrument during which all non-essential subsystems are shut down and only essential functions are active. Safe mode represents a configuration in which the instrument is thermally, mechanically, and optically “safe” without receiving commands from the Spacecraft.

SWiPS-170: In safe mode any SWiPS high-voltage power supplies shall be disabled.

SWiPS-1557: High voltage power supplies shall be re-enabled by ground command only.

SWiPS-171: The instrument shall be capable of remaining in a safe configuration for at least 168 hours without ground intervention.

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4.3.4.1 Entry into Safe Mode

SWiPS-173: The instrument shall enter Safe Mode upon detection of internal faults that are capable of causing damage to the instrument.

The L1 Series spacecraft will monitor up to four (TBR) analog instrument health and safety parameters defined by the SWiPS contractor and command the SWiPS into safe mode when any of those key values have been exceeded.

The L1 Series spacecraft will monitor up to 12 (TBR) digital telemetry points that are part of the normal instrument generated data stream for instrument health and safety parameters defined by the SWiPS contractor and command the SWiPS into safe mode when any of those key values have been exceeded.

4.3.5 Fail-safe Recovery Mode

SWiPS-177: The instrument shall provide a failsafe recovery mode dependent on a minimal hardware configuration capable of accepting and processing a minimal command subset sufficient to load and dump memory.

4.3.6 Normal Operational Mode

SWiPS-179: In normal operational mode, the SWiPS shall be in a fully functional configuration in which designed measurements are made in accordance with the performance requirements listed in section 4.1 of this document and are available to be sent to the spacecraft for downlink.

4.3.7 On-Orbit Operations

SWiPS-181: The SWiPS shall operate normally, within specification, while flying aboard a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft with orbital limit constraints as stated in this specification.

4.3.8 Station Keeping

SWiPS-183: The SWiPS shall continuously operate during all spacecraft maneuvers.

The SWiPS may operate in a reduced functional state while the spacecraft uses thruster (i.e., high voltage and or sweep voltage power supplies, if present, may be disabled during any spacecraft thruster firings).

4.3.9 Activation

SWiPS-187: The instrument shall require no active commanding prior to fourteen (14) days after launch.

4.3.10 Instrument Diagnostic Mode

SWiPS-189: The SWiPS shall provide an Instrument Diagnostic Mode.

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SWiPS-190: The SWiPS shall perform at least the following functions while operating in the Instrument Diagnostic Mode:

a) Download RAM contents.

b) Send increased samples per second of a particular SWiPS telemetry parameter.

4.4 Instrument Data Availability

SWiPS-2792: The SWiPS shall limit on-orbit calibrations to no more than eight (8) calibrations per year with each calibration lasting no more than 30 minutes.

SWiPS-2793: The instrument shall be capable of maintaining nominal observation mode without ground interaction for a minimum of 4 days.

SWiPS-2794: The SWiPS shall ensure there are no gaps in the Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities data due to planned instrument events during NWS-declared Critical Space Weather Days.

SWiPS-2795: The SWiPS shall provide a 99% or greater probability of providing all of the Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities data during S4 class solar radiation storms or solar flare conditions including class X50, verifying through analysis using the “Worst Week” October 1989 model in CREME96 or equivalent.

Rationale: The CREME96 model includes the October 1989 solar particle event worst week model that conservatively bounds the single event effects environment in S4 and X50 solar events. It is expected that the probability of occurrence of outages as well as Bit Error Rates (BER) due to SEE will be used in the analysis that verifies this probability. Further definition of the worst week model can be found here: https://creme.isde.vanderbilt.edu/CREME- MC/help/solar-energetic-particle-environment

4.5 Power

The spacecraft will supply one operational power bus for normal instrument operation.

The spacecraft will supply one survival power bus for the instrument survival heaters.

4.5.1 Voltage Range

SWiPS-2798: The instrument shall operate over the operational bus voltage range of +26 to +34 VDC at the primary power inputs for all expected load conditions (except when turned off).

SWiPS-195: The instrument survival heaters shall operate over the voltage range of +24 to +34 VDC at the power inputs for all expected load conditions.

4.5.2 Abnormal Voltages

SWiPS-197: The instrument shall survive without performance degradation after indefinite exposure to an anomalous voltage range of 0 to +40 VDC.

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4.5.3 Sudden Removal of Power

SWiPS-201: The instrument shall meet its performance requirements without degradation after exposure to an abrupt, unannounced removal of power.

4.5.4 Over-Current Protection

SWiPS-203: The instrument shall not use non-resetting over-current protection (i.e., fuses) internal to the unit.

4.5.5 Primary Power Return Ground

SWiPS-205: The instrument shall provide a dedicated Primary Power return in the same connector as the primary power.

4.5.6 Turn-on Current Transients

SWiPS-207: The instrument shall meet its performance requirements without degradation after exposure to a turn-on input voltage (0 – 34 VDC) with a rise time of 500µs.

Note: The spacecraft bus will not drop below 26 V during instrument turn on.

4.6 Electrical Grounding

4.6.1 Primary Power DC Isolation

SWiPS-217: The instrument primary power interfaces, primary power and primary power returns, shall be isolated from the unit chassis by a DC resistance of greater than or equal to 10 Megaohms.

4.6.2 Survival Power Isolation

SWiPS-219: The instrument survival heater power interfaces shall be isolated from the unit chassis by a DC resistance of greater than or equal to 10 Megaohms.

4.6.3 Internally Generated Secondary to Primary DC Isolation

SWiPS-221: Secondary power inputs shall be isolated from primary power by a DC resistance of greater than 10 Megaohms.

4.6.4 Internally Generated Secondary Return

SWiPS-223: The instrument shall reference its secondary returns (power and signal grounds) to the unit chassis ground by connecting them at one or more places.

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4.6.5 Mechanical Contact Resistance

SWiPS-225: The DC resistance of the mechanical contact between two conductive mating surfaces (internal to the unit) shall be less than or equal to 2.5 milliohm DC resistance.

4.6.6 Grounding

SWiPS-227: The DC resistance between the SWiPS chassis and the observatory chassis shall be ≤ 2.5 milliohms.

SWiPS-228: The SWiPS shall provide a ground lug for a grounding strap to be attached from the SWiPS chassis for connection to the spacecraft conductive structure.

SWiPS-229: The grounding lug location on the SWiPS instrument chassis or the tie points in contact with the ground strap shall be as defined in the Mechanical Interface Control Drawing (MICD). The ground lug contact area must remain free of any material finish that may affect the reliability of the ground connection and will be shown in the MICD.

4.6.7 Connector DC Resistance

SWiPS-231: SWiPS connector backshells shall be electrically connected to Electronic Unit chassis with a DC resistance ≤ 2.5 milliohms.

4.7 Signal And Data Interfaces

4.7.1 Passive Analog Telemetry

SWiPS-234: The SWiPS shall utilize no more than six (TBR) analog signals to monitor critical temperature points when the instrument is powered off.

4.7.2 Data Signal Interface

The spacecraft will provide two data signal interface feeds to the instrument for command and telemetry. The spacecraft will also provide an interface line for a Pulse Per Second (PPS) time pulse.

SWiPS-236: The instrument data transfer interface to or from the spacecraft shall either use a serial Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) using ANSI/TIA/EIA-422-B Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Differential Interface Circuits, or ANSI/TIA/EIA- 644-A-2001 Electrical Characteristics of Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) Interface Circuits.

4.7.2.1 Telemetry Source Packet Format

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SWiPS-238: The instrument shall transfer all data to the spacecraft using the CCSDS 133.0-B-2 Section 4.1 Protocol Data Unit definition shown in the Telemetry Source Packet Definition Figure 1.

Figure 1 Telemetry Source Packet Definition

SWiPS-240: The instrument telemetry Source packets shall be variable length with a maximum data zone of 8192 octets including Secondary Header.

SWiPS-241: The instrument shall set the telemetry source packet Secondary Header Flag to the value 1.

SWiPS-242: The instrument shall set the Telemetry Source Packet Sequence Flags to the value of 11.

Note: Segmentation services are not permitted.

SWiPS-244: The instrument shall set the Telemetry Source Packet Time Code per CCSDS 301.0-B-4 Time Code Formats, Day Segmented format in the Time Code Format Figure 2.

Figure 2 Time Code Format

Note: The P-Field is implied and not included in the actual time message.

The spacecraft on-board reference time will be Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

4.7.2.2 Command Source Packet Format

SWiPS-249: The instrument shall receive all data from the spacecraft formatted per CCSDS 133.0-B-2 Section 4.1 Protocol Data Unit definition shown in the Command Source Packet Definition Figure 3.

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Figure 3 Command Source Packet

SWiPS-251: The instrument Command Source Packets shall be variable length with a maximum data zone of 1013 octets.

SWiPS-252: The instrument shall receive Command Source Packet with Secondary Header Flag set to the value 0.

SWiPS-253: The instrument shall receive Command Source Packet with the Sequence Flags set to the value of 11.

Note: Segmentation services are not permitted.

4.7.3 Clock Signal Interface

SWiPS-256: The instrument shall receive a Pulse Per Second (PPS) time pulse from spacecraft clock line by the interface defined in section 4.7.2 of this document.

The Spacecraft will maintain Spacecraft time correlation to within +/- 0.95 sec of UTC and will provide the instrument a 1 PPS with a time code message.

SWiPS-258: The instrument shall receive from the spacecraft a time code message on the data line as defined in Spacecraft Time Message Packet Figure 4. The time code message is the time applicable to receipt of the 1 PPS.

Figure 4 Spacecraft Time Message Packet

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4.7.4 Command and Housekeeping telemetry

SWiPS-261: The instrument shall provide command and housekeeping telemetry functions in all powered modes.

4.7.5 Commands for Autonomous Functions

SWiPS-263: The instrument shall execute commands to individually enable and disable each autonomous function.

4.7.6 Limits and Triggers

SWiPS-265: The instrument autonomous limits and triggers shall be changeable by command.

4.7.7 On-Board Processor Reset

SWiPS-267: The instrument On-Board Processor shall be reset by command.

SWiPS-268: An autonomous power-on reset occurrence shall be unambiguously identifiable via telemetry.

Note: This does not imply real-time telemetry as the reset is occurring.

4.7.8 Micro-switches

SWiPS-270: Micro-switches shall be used for information only and not used to initiate on-board autonomous activity or as an on-board interlock.

4.8 Flight Software

4.8.1 Flight Load Non-volatile Memory

SWiPS-273: The instrument flight software image shall be contained in its entirety in non-volatile memory at launch.

4.8.2 Software Updates

SWiPS-275: The flight software modules shall be reprogrammable.

4.8.3 Software Table Updates

SWiPS-278: Instrument configuration data (e.g., Table Loads or Configuration Parameters) shall be reprogrammable during integration and test phases and on-orbit without computer restart.

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SWiPS-279: Modified instrument configuration data (e.g., Table Loads or Configuration Parameters) shall be committed to operational use by ground command.

4.8.4 Flexibility and Ease of Software Modification

SWiPS-281: The instrument flight software shall be deterministic in terms of scheduling and prioritization of critical processing tasks to ensure their timely completion.

SWiPS-282: Instrument configuration data (e.g., Table Loads or Configuration Parameters) shall be referenced such that data can be loaded and dumped by the ground without reference to memory address.

SWiPS-283: The definition of instrument commands within the ground database (excluding memory diagnostic/load commands) shall not be dependent on physical memory addresses within the flight software.

4.8.5 Version Identifiers

SWiPS-285: The instrument software and firmware versions shall each have an internal identifier (embedded in the executive program) that can be included in the instrument engineering data.

SWiPS-286: This software identifier shall be configuration management controlled.

4.8.6 Warm Restart

SWiPS-288: The instrument flight software shall provide a restart by command with preservation of instrument configuration data and memory tables.

4.8.7 Memory Tests

SWiPS-290: The instrument flight software shall provide a mechanism to verify the contents of all memory areas.

4.8.8 Memory Dump

SWiPS-292: The instrument flight software, and associated on-board computer hardware, shall provide the capability to dump any memory location.

SWiPS-293: The flight software memory dump capability shall not disturb normal operations and instrument data processing.

4.8.9 Fault Detection and Correction Control

SWiPS-295: If applicable, the instrument shall provide the capability to enable and disable any internal Fault Detection and Correction (FDC) features.

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4.8.10 Health and Safety Monitoring

SWiPS-297: The instrument flight software shall provide health and safety monitoring, including memory checksum and watchdog timer.

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5 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Interface and Design Units and Exclusions

SWiPS-300: The contractor shall use metric units to design the instrument and for developing interfaces with the spacecraft including any drawings, documents, models, except for the following cases:

Heritage Component or unit: Components or units that has been previously qualified, or of similar design heritage, may be specified in English units where use of metric equivalents would lead to additional cost to the program.

Fasteners: Although bolt patterns will be defined using metric dimensioning, use of English fasteners (with hole dimensioning and tolerancing) is permitted.

Angular Measurement: Angular measurement may be expressed in degree of arc or in an appropriate subdivision of degree of arc such as second of arc (arc-sec) when advantageous to application.

5.2 Mass Properties Accuracy

5.2.1 Instrument Mass Accuracy

SWiPS-306: The mass of the instrument shall be measured to within ±0.1 kg.

5.2.2 Center of Mass Location

SWiPS-308: The contractor shall define the instrument center of mass in the MICD.

5.2.3 Center of Mass Accuracy

SWiPS-310: The instrument center of mass shall be determined to within ±5 mm relative to a reference that will be defined in the MICD.

5.2.4 Determination of Moments and Products of Inertia

SWiPS-312: The Contractor shall determine by analysis the launch and on-orbit moments and products of inertia to an accuracy of ±5.0 percent of the maximum principal moment of inertia, referenced to the coordinate axes with an origin at the center of gravity.

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5.3 Mounting

5.3.1 Surface Flatness

SWiPS-315: Mounting interface flatness, and co-planarity requirements for the instrument side of the interface (including brackets, if any, and shims) shall be as defined in the MICD.

5.3.2 Method

The method by which the instrument is mounted to the spacecraft will be defined in the Spacecraft to Instrument Interface Control Document (ICD).

5.4 Coordinate System and Alignment

SWiPS-319: The instrument shall use the spacecraft on-orbit coordinate system which uses a right-hand orthogonal, body-fixed XYZ coordinate system, Spacecraft Reference Frame (SRF), as follows: the +X-axis is aligned with the nominal direction of the spacecraft to Sun vector pointing towards the Sun, the +Y-axis nominal to normal of the ecliptic plane and pointing to celestial North, and the Z-axis is obtained from the right-hand rule. The roll, pitch and yaw rotations are defined about the X, Z, and Y axes, respectively. The origin of the coordinate system is at the center of the Launch Vehicle separation ring attachment plane. See Figure 5 Spacecraft Reference System.

Figure 5 Spacecraft Reference System

The spacecraft will physically align the SWiPS axes to within ±0.25 degrees of the direction specified in section 4.1.6 and provide alignment knowledge of the sensor axes to within ±0.1 degrees of the direction specified in section 4.1.6.

SWiPS-321: The instrument shall have clear fiducial marks to enable alignment during integration with spacecraft.

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The instrument unit mounting frame is an orthogonal reference frame defined by the locations of the spacecraft side of the instrument unit mounting points. A rigorous definition of this frame will be documented in the ICD.

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6 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Environmental design requirements for the instrument are specified in this section.

SWiPS-325: The instrument shall meet its performance requirements in section 4.0 after exposure to the environments specified in this section.

6.1 Mechanical Factors of Safety

SWiPS-327: The instrument flight hardware shall demonstrate positive Margins of Safety under limit loads for all yield and ultimate failures using the Factors of Safety (FS) defined in Table 2.

Margin of Safety (MS) is defined as follows:

MS = (Allowable Stress (or Load) / (Applied Limit Stress (or Load) x FS)) -1

Table 2 Factors of Safety1,2

Type Static Sine Random/Acoustic4,5 Metallic Yield 1.253 1.25 1.6

Metallic Ultimate 1.43 1.4 1.8 Stability Ultimate 1.4 1.4 1.8 Beryllium Yield 1.4 1.4 1.8

Beryllium Ultimate 1.6 1.6 2.0 Composite Ultimate 1.5 1.5 1.9

Bonded Inserts/Joints Ultimate 1.5 1.5 1.9 1 Factors of safety for pressurized systems to be compliant with AFSPCMAN 91-710

(Range Safety).

2 Factors of safety for glass and structural glass bonds specified in NASA-STD-5001 3 If qualified by analysis only, positive margin must be shown for factors of safety of

2.0 on yield and 2.6 on ultimate. See section 2.4.1.1.1 GSFC-STD-7000B 4 Factors shown should be applied to statistically derived peak response based on RMS level. As a minimum, the peak response shall be calculated as a 3-sigma value.

5 Factors shown assume that qualification/protoflight testing is performed at acceptance level plus 3dB. If difference between acceptance and qualification levels is less than 3dB, then above factors may be applied to qualification level minus 3dB instead of analyzing to acceptance level.

SWiPS-331: Primary and secondary structure comprised of composite materials, Beryllium, bonded joints and/or bonded inserts shall be proof tested to 1.25 x Limit Load; qualification by analysis only is not acceptable. Actual flight hardware testing is preferred, but testing of representative sets of hardware with a similar qualification argument can be used if approved by the NASA/GSFC COR.

6.2 Quasi-Static Acceleration

Quasi-static acceleration represents the combination of steady-state accelerations and the low frequency mechanically transmitted dynamic accelerations that occur during launch.

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SWiPS-334: The instrument shall be designed to withstand the quasi-static design limit loads defined in the mass-acceleration curve (MAC) shown in Table 3 without damage or degradation of performance and are to be applied one axis at a time. The design loads shown below will be updated based on the results of coupled loads analysis.

Linear interpolation should be used between breakpoints to determine the appropriate limit load as a function of instrument weight. Note that these design limit loads are intended to cover only the low frequency launch environment and must be used in conjunction with the random vibration environments to assess structural margins.

Table 3 Design Limit Loads

Mass (kg) Accel (g) 1 or less 51.3

5 42.4 10 36.6 20 30.3 40 24.2 60 20.9 80 18.7

100 or greater 18.1

6.3 Frequency Requirement

6.3.1 Fundamental Launch Frequencies

SWiPS-409: The instrument shall have a fundamental frequency greater than 100 Hz when hard mounted at its spacecraft interface. Any unit which fails to meet the specified fundamental frequency must supply a finite element model, correlated to modal survey test results or measured responses from vibration testing, so that it accurately represents the frequency and response amplitudes from the test. Requirements for the submitted finite element model are shown in the CDRL.

6.4 Vibration

6.4.1 Sinusoidal Vibration

SWiPS-412: The instrument shall undergo qualification, protoflight or acceptance (level depends on qualification status or qualification approach for the unit) sine vibration testing in all three axes at the levels shown in Figure 6. Instruments with a first mode greater than 150 Hz can be exempted from sine vibration testing upon approval by the NASA/GSFC COR. See Section

11.4.2 for definitions of Protoflight, Qualification, and Acceptance.

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Figure 6 Sine Vibration Environment

Levels may be notched to not exceed 1.25 times the design limit load outlined in section 6.2.

Peak levels at the low end of the frequency range (5 – 20 Hz typically) may be ramped up as needed to accommodate shaker table displacement limitations.

6.4.2 Random Vibration

SWiPS-417: The instrument shall demonstrate its ability to meet its performance requirements after being subjected to the random vibration environment in Figure 7 for units weighing 22.7 kg (50 lb.) or less, applied at the Spacecraft to instrument interface.

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Figure 7 Random Vibration Environment

The random environment will be updated by NASA once more information is available at the mission level. Note for lightweight SWiPS, the highest design loads may be from this random vibration environment.

SWiPS-421: The contractor shall provide random vibration analysis along with static loads analysis. Please see NASA-HDBK-7005 and NASA-STD-7001 for more information.

SWiPS-423: Notching shall be limited to -12 dB of the original input and to a bandwidth of less than 100 Hz to limit the random vibration responses to 3 dB above design limit levels. Notching beyond these limits will require NASA/GSFC COR approval.

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6.5 Shock

SWiPS-425: The instrument shall be designed to meet its performance requirements after being subjected to the shock environment shown in Table 4 and…