J.4_IEE_Memo_to_File_2018_06_26_Asia_18-079.pdf

EG IEE Amendment 4

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE FACESHEET & AMENDMENT #4 TO THE INITIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

Objective: Economic Growth (EG)

Program / Project Title: ---USAID/Central Asia’s Enterprises, Employment, and Enabling Environments (E4) Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) Mechanism ---Future Growth Initiative (FGI) Task Order

Program Areas: EG.1 Macroeconomic Foundation for Growth EG.2 Trade and Investment EG.4 Financial Sector EG.5 Private Sector Productivity EG.6 Workforce Development

Program Elements: EG.1.1 Fiscal Policy EG.2.1 Trade and Investment Enabling Environment EG.4.1 Financial Sector Enabling Environment EG.5.1 Business Enabling Environment

Country/Region: Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) and Afghanistan

Funding Period: FY2011 – FY2025

Resource Levels/Amount(s): $250 million

Statement Prepared by: Svetlana Golovatskaya, Project Management Specialist, Economic Development Office, USAID/Central Asia

Date: 6/25/2018

IEE Amendment? Yes No DCN of AMD 1: Asia 11-1321 DCN of AMD 2: Asia 14-1252 DCN of AMD 3: Asia 17-0123

Environmental Media and/or Human Health Potentially Impacted (check all that apply):

None Air Water Land Biodiversity Human health Other

Environmental Action(s) Recommended (check all that apply):

Categorical Exclusion(s) Initial Environmental Examination:

1 ECD link to EG IEE Amendment #1 (Asia 11-132): https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php?doc_id=38183 2 ECD link to EG IEE Amendment #2 (Asia 14-125): https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php?doc_id=40611 3 ECD link to EG IEE Amendment #3(Asia 17-012): https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php?doc_id=49741

J.4: IEE Memo to File 2018 06 26 Asia 18-079 #72011519R00001

Negative Determination: no significant adverse effects expected regarding the proposed activities, which are well defined over life of activity. IEE prepared:

With conditions as established in the EG IEE Amendment #1 (P-IEE).

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1.0 The purpose:

The purpose of this programmatic EG IEE Amendment #4 is to:

Reflect on the extension of the LOP from 2021 to 2025 and increase P-IEE funding ceiling from $200 million to $250 million;

Timely and duly account for a new USAID/Central Asia’s Enterprises, Employment, and Enabling Environments (E4) project with an estimated value of $39,500,000; and for any future Economic Growth (EG) projects and activities for a period of up to seven years (2018- 2025). Note: this amendment doesn’t cover new bilateral Economic Competitiveness program activity in the Kyrgyz Republic covered by the EG IEE Amendment 3 (DCN: Asia 17-012).

Confirm that the scope, nature and type of proposed projects and activities is consistent with those of regional and country-specific activities described in the EG P-IEE Amendment #1, and stipulate that all previously approved Threshold Decisions and related conditions shall fully apply to new activities;

Conduct the first review of climate risk screening and management for E4 activity as required by the ADS 201mal and stipulate that prior to commencement of projects and activities with approved Negative Determination with Conditions (NDC) the implementing partner (IP) shall conduct climate risk screening (CRS) for all sectoral and sub-sectoral activities with the approved NDC (see:

https://www.usaid.gov/ads/policy/200/201mal);

Stipulate that CRS for projects/ activities shall be presented in Environmental Review Checklist (ERC, see template in Annex 1) and appropriate commensurate mitigation and adaptation measures shall be developed and presented in integrated Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring plans (EMMP), as part of ERC. ERCs shall be reviewed and approved by the Mission Environmental Officer (MEO), Climate Integration Lead (CIL) and Agreements/Contracting Officer Representative

(A/COR);

Stipulate that all approved Threshold Decisions, conditions, including limitations and revisions, are fully transposed into procurement instruments;

Stipulate that at the post-award conference, the COR together with the MEO and CIL shall explain to the implementing partner the approved Threshold Decisions and conditions in force as provided in the P-IEE Amendment #1; and

Stipulate that the approved l imitations of the P-IEE and stipulation for revisions remain in force.

USAID/Central Asia (CA) and USAID/Kyrgyz Republic (KR) Missions’ A/CORs shall regularly check on implementation of activities and shall seek to ensure that all activities are in full compliance with the environmental conditions approved in the original and amended IEEs.

2.0 BACKGROUND AND NEW PROJECT AND ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

2.1 E4 IDIQ:

USAID/CA and USAID/KR Missions will support a new E4 IDIQ with the Program Goal: Increase employment and incomes through improved private sector competitiveness. Activities performed under this IDIQ will contribute to RDCS Development Objective (DO) 1: Expanded, diverse and competitive trade and markets. E4 will emphasize IR 1.1: a more diverse and competitive private sector. The goal of the E4 IDIQ is to increase employment and incomes through improved private sector competitiveness. The components outlined below are used for demonstrating the breadth of possible activities under E4. Each Task order will use its own combination of these components, depending on the regional or country context and the specific issues that are being addressed. Activities performed under this IDIQ will cover the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Task Orders will specify the specific geographic coverage of activities, which may be bilateral or regional in nature, covering one or more of the countries listed above. E4 supports the South Asia strategy by helping to build a stable and prosperous region on Afghanistan’s northern border. Support for jobs and increased incomes reduces the need for migration abroad where Central Asian’s are often targeted for recruitment by extremist groups. Further, by easing the flow of goods and services to and through Central Asian countries, E4 will help to open up new markets for Afghan products. USAID/Central Asia is already working with USAID/Pakistan projects where appropriate, and this cooperation may continue through E4 depending upon the sectors chosen. E4, and the subsequent activities (such as Future Growth Initiative - FGI), will be required to coordinate closely with related donor activities. However, FGI is also intended to forge into new sectors that may not yet have a heavy donor presence. For example, horticulture will likely not be a major focus under the new activity. Other sectors, like information technologies, offer greater potential for jobs and incomes and have a smaller presence of other donors. The donor mix varies by country and by sector, so a complete matrix of donor activities is not feasible.

But in any case, the activity will have to coordinate closely with existing USAID projects and other donors to maximize impact and avoid duplication. Implementing partners are expected to comply with host-country, USAID and international laws, regulations, conventions and standards related to phyto-sanitation, environment, health and safety.

Component 1 – Enterprises – Fostering Competitive Industries USAID will work to strengthen the firm-level competitiveness of target industries by taking a sector and/or economic corridor approach in the region. These sectors may include horticulture, livestock, transport and logistics, and tourism, but may also include others with the potential for achieving the greatest impact. Feeding into work being done by other donors, particularly under the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) initiative, the activity will use an economic corridor approach, which will allow USAID to maintain a flexible, demand-driven approach to focus on geographic areas that have both the desired population targets and the greatest economic potential.

E4 will seek to understand the demands of both domestic and international buyers, while assisting targeted firms in meeting these requirements including international quantity, quality, safety, and employment standards.

E4 will support firms at various stages of development, including agricultural processors, storage operators, packagers, and traders. Efforts will also seek to assist firms in meeting their workforce development needs, so that they are directly developing the skills of their employees and addressing barriers to growing their workforce. E4 may work to increase access to finance for firms of any size that are looking to expand into new markets, invest in new technologies, and hire more workers. This assistance may seek to match businesses with lending institutions, provide training to increase financial literacy, as well as other activities that reduce the risk and transaction cost to lending institutions. Work performed under E4 will engage small, medium, or large firms depending on their job creation potential. E4 is particularly interested in working with firms that would like to expand but are unable to for reasons including, but not limited to, regulatory policy, tax policy, market linkages, technical knowledge, workforce recruitment, and access to finance.

Illustrative Activities:

Illustrative activities may include assisting firms with product development and design, processing and production, marketing, access to finance, accounting, and navigating legal and regulatory barriers.

Component 2 – Employment – Developing a Capable Workforce and Entrepreneurship E4 will begin by working at the firm level (Component 1) to understand constraints to growth and job creation.

A lack of a skilled workforce may be one of the current constraints or a future one as businesses expand. With this is mind, Component 2 will support economic opportunity for individuals to tap into and contribute to growing markets. E4 will help individuals to develop skills that are in demand by the private sector, helping them to find employment or create new firms in promising sectors.

Sectors or economic corridors will depend upon country-specific opportunities. The above-mentioned sectors are notional, as new activities will not be prescriptive from the outset. Additional sectors such as textiles, manufacturing, and information technology also provide interesting opportunities for exploration. Specific interventions may vary by country, but all interventions will be targeted at directly or indirectly influencing livelihoods for large segments of the population.

E4 will work directly with individuals to assess and develop their skills in order to match them with potential employers or develop their entrepreneurial expertise. E4 will also support educational institutions including schools, technical colleges, and universities to improve education that will be connected with real-world employment opportunities. Likewise, E4 will engage with firms (Component 1) to ensure the region’s developing workforce can meet their needs. E4 will work with small enterprises such as smallholder farmers and other micro-enterprises to develop their skills and build collaborative groups or associations that can achieve economies of scale for dealing with larger buyers and input suppliers. Interventions will specifically target assistance toward youth, or other groups seen as being susceptible to recruitment for violent extremism.

Returning migrants, particularly those “blacklisted” from destination countries, may also be appropriate targets for programming. Women, minority groups, and other disadvantaged populations may also be targeted for assistance under E4.

Illustrative Activities:

Illustrative activities may include workforce skills development to meet industry needs, internships and other on-the-job learning, small-producer association development, building connections to financial services, and entrepreneurship training.

Component 3 – Enabling Environments – Creating Conditions for Jobs and Investment Utilizing information gathered from work under Components 1 and 2, existing evidence from growth diagnostics, USAID’s current research efforts under CTJ, as well as other analytical assessments, E4 will seek to address constraints to broad-based growth that are most impacting business growth and job creation, are politically feasible, and in line with the priorities of partner governments. Support will seek to strengthen the ability of governments to effectively implement policy, focusing primarily on implementation/enforcement of existing laws and regulations rather than drafting new ones. Activities may include legislative support on issues such as accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and post-accession implementation, negotiation and implementation of Trade Facilitation Agreements (TFAs), or participation in other international agreements when determined to have a positive impact on job growth.

E4 will seek to address partner-government priorities in key areas that are expected to support job creation, such as establishing special economic zones, currency liberalization, opening new trade routes, strengthening property rights, addressing restrictions to female employment in certain sectors, and other job creating reforms.

Support may also address significant labor-related issues such as changes to taxation policies, social fund contributions, or other issues that inhibit business growth. Support may also address constraints to domestic and foreign investment at a policy level. Regional-level efforts will seek to ensure that countries in Central Asia are cooperating on issues of mutual concern that affect job creation and private sector growth. Regional efforts will help to ensure a cohesive approach among USAID’s programs in different countries, will support region-wide solutions to supporting investment and job creation, and will leverage resources and technical expertise where appropriate.

Illustrative Activities Illustrative activities may include macroeconomic policy support including financial sector reform, tax reform, and reducing regulations. Other efforts may include WTO and post-WTO accession assistance as well as developing national investment promotion strategies.

2.2 Future Growth Initiative

An initial E4 Task order, the Future Growth Initiative (FGI) will support high-growth industries that can provide jobs and incomes for Central Asia’s growing workforce. FGI will serve as the base activity under E4, enabling a jumping off point for future Task Orders under E4 so that they can quickly begin operations as needed.

The goal of FGI is to promote high-growth industries that will support jobs and incomes for Central Asia’s expanding workforce. FGI will enable USAID to engage in non-traditional sectors where it has not traditionally been involved in Central Asia or where there are currently opportunities for expansion. Jobs in areas such as information technology offer opportunities for comfortable wages and an alternative to migration abroad.

The three objectives described below are reflective of the three components described in the broader E4 SOW.

FGI is intended to work in each of these areas.

The activity components are presented in Table 1 (Section 3) and below:

Objective 1: Increase the competitiveness of non-farm enterprises in Central Asia in order to create jobs and growth.

Result 1.1: Increased business skills and knowledge of management best practices necessary for firms to grow and increase revenues.

Result 1.2: Increase business connectivity and partnership among Central Asian firms and increased linkages to new markets in Europe, South Asia and beyond.

Result 1.3: Leverage U.S. partnerships, innovation and technology to create new opportunities for Central Asian firms.

Objective 2: Support the development of skilled workers and entrepreneurs to support emerging industries.

Result 2.1: Assist emerging firms with new hiring, training, and staff development.

Result 2.2: Support entrepreneurs through technical, business and financial capacity building and capital support.

Objective 3: Address legal, regulatory and other constraints in the enabling environment that are inhibiting the expansion of high-growth industries (Depending upon opportunities for collaboration).

Result 3.1: Support partner governments in addressing the legal, regulatory and procedural barriers to private sector-led growth in emerging sectors.

Result 3.2: Support effective dialogue between the public and private sector to address the constraints to growth in targeted sectors.

Illustrative Custom Indicators include:

● Increased sales by targeted firms

● Increased employment by targeted firms

● Increased employment by targeted sectors

● Number of public-private partnerships formed as a result of USG assistance

● Number of entrepreneurs receiving funding from USG programs

● Number of new firms created under USG programs

The FGI guiding principles include:

Regional Connectivity FGI will seek to increase economic connectivity among Central Asian nations and connect Central Asian firms with South Asia, including Afghanistan. FGI should build connections with USAID and other donor projects from throughout the region to help facilitate these connections among firms and share information about emerging opportunities.

U.S. Technology and Innovation Where appropriate, FGI should seek utilize U.S. technology, innovation, expertise, and best practices in enhancing the competitiveness of Central Asian enterprises. FGI can also help to facilitate mutually beneficial opportunities for U.S. and Central Asian firms.

Leveraging Resources for Impact FGI will seek opportunities to leverage the resources of other partners to maximize development impact. Partner organizations may include other USAID programs, bilateral and multilateral donors, other USG agencies, private sector companies, universities, and bank and non-bank financial institutions, among others. Innovative ideas for partnering with the private sector in achieving FGI’s objectives will be considered.

2.3 Lessons Learned

The following activities have been implemented under the programmatic EG IEE amendments Asia 11-132 and Asia 14-125: Competitiveness, Trade and Jobs project (CTJ, on-going); Macroeconomic Project in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (closed), Regional Economic Cooperation (closed), Economic Policy Reform Project In Kyrgyzstan (closed). All of them included conducting training courses , round tables, Central Asia Trade Forum, Technical Assistance for Customs authorities, support of Transport and Logistics partnership, trade missions and B2B events. They qualified for a Categorical Exclusion and did not require any reporting to USAID. Only Business Growth Initiative in Kyrgyzstan provided grants which qualified for a Negative Determination with Conditions, and therefore, the implementer reported to USAID in accordance with EG IEE Amendment 1 requirements - about 10 ERCs were approved by the MEO prior to start of activities.

USAID/CAR and USAID/Kyrgyz Republic Mission AORs and CORs as well as Mission Environmental Officers regularly monitored the implementation of activities by meeting with implementing partners and field visits. The Missions anticipate that during the period 2018 – 2021, NDC activities will take place mostly under CTJ mechanism and after E4 is launched in FY 19, under E4. The implementing partners will have to screen, monitor, mitigate and report to USAID in accordance with terms established in the IEE Amendment #1 Asia 11-132 and this IEE amendment 4.

3.0 Environmental Compliance

3.1 Environmental Compliance screening of new activity

Screening of FGI activity is presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

Environmental Compliance Screening of FGI Proposed Activities

Project/Activity Types of Activities Threshold Determination Remarks

Component One:

Fostering Competitive Industries

Illustrative activities may include assisting firms with product development and design, processing and production, marketing, access to finance, accounting, and navigating legal and regulatory barriers.

CE, NDC

Conditions for NDC activities are listed below and in Section 3.2 below and in sections II and III of Table 2, IEE Amendment 1 (Asia 11-132)

Component Two:

Developing a Capable Workforce and Entrepreneurship

Illustrative activities may include:

workforce skills development to meet industry needs, internships and other on-the-job learning, small-producer association development, Building connections to financial services, and entrepreneurship training.

CE

NDC

Conditions for Building connections to and facilitating financial resources are listed in Section II b) of Table 2, IEE Amendment 1 (Asia 11-132)

Component Three: Creating Conditions for Jobs and Investment

Illustrative activities may include Macroeconomic policy support including financial sector reform, tax reform, and reducing regulations. Other efforts may include WTO and post- WTO accession assistance as well as developing national investment promotion strategies.

CE, NDC See conditions for macroeconomic policy, promotion of strategies, regulatory and legal support in section

3.2 b) below

Various components with

NDC

Procurement of electric and electronic equipment, commodities and materials.

Pilots, trials or demonstration activities, introduction of new technologies, new production techniques, procurement of equipment and services to improve productivity and quality management

Small scale construction, reconstruction and renovation

NDC

NDC

NDC

See conditions in Table 2, Sections II and III of Table 2 IEE Amendment 1 (Asia 11-132) and Section 3.2 below

CE= Categorical Exclusion, NDC = Negative Determination with Conditions

3.2 Threshold Determinations

a) Recommended Action: Categorical Exclusion (approximately 80% of funding) for actions specified in the Table 3, Section I of the P-IEE (Asia 11-132) that are not expected to have direct, indirect, or cumulative effects. No reporting is required.

b) Recommended Action: Negative Determination with Conditions (approximately 1-5% of all funding) for activities related to development of policy recommendations, strategic plans and regulatory and legal changes.

IP can recommend and assist in implementation of these actions only if environmental screening is done and mitigation measures are proposed to prevent potential negative impact of proposed recommendations implementation.

c) Recommended Action: Negative Determination with Conditions (approximately 1-5% of all funding) for activities, when following normal good practices, engineering methods, and standard instructions will help to avoid potential environmental problems. This includes procurement of computers and other electric and electronic equipment, commodities, and materials as listed in Section 2 of Table 2 of Asia 11-132. The proposed action is that the IP should provide evidence that equipment and materials are procured from certified retailers; environmental safety and quality certificates conforming with national and/or international standards are available; equipment and materials are used in an environmentally sound and safe manner, properly disposed of when applicable at the end of their useful life in a manner consistent with best management practices according to USG, European Union or equivalent standards.

d) Recommended Action: Negative Determination with Conditions (approximately 5-10%) for activities involving grants that have a potential for an adverse impact on the natural or physical environment. The originator of the action has determined that pursuant to 22 CFR 216.2(d)(2), such activities as small-scale construction and reconstruction, agricultural pilots, demonstrations, technologies and techniques, and procurement of services and equipment, as listed in Section 3 of Table 2 of Asia 11-132 may have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts and the IP should conduct due diligence and reporting to USAID as established in P-IEE terms. ERC template should be used for EC reporting on all NDC activities (See Annex 1).

In addition, a country-specific Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safer Use Action Plan (PERSUAP) will have to be prepared for any activity involving assistance in procurement or use of pesticides including crop protection trainings. Note: activities affected cannot go forward until the PERSUAP is developed or amended by BEO/Asia approved professional and then approved by the BEO/Asia with subsequent amendment of the original IEE.

3.3 Climate Risk Management Analysis (CRM)

The activity doesn’t fall under a PAD or Regional Development Cooperation Strategy for which a CRM has already been performed. A CRM is therefore required. This IEE amendment presents a targeted climate risk analysis that focuses specifically on proposed agricultural (horticulture), tourism and transport sectors in Central Asia. To provide context for how projected climate change may impact the long-term benefits of proposed activity components, the Climate Risk Profile outlines mid-term and long-term climate change scenarios4 in Central Asia. Based on this profile, and multiple climate change reviews, projected change in Central Asian countries includes likely increases in average annual temperature of about 2°C across the region by 2050, and by 5-6 °C by the end of century; high variability and uncertainty of projected changes in precipitation across the region; and a higher frequency of heavy rain events along with the increased concentration of rainfall in winter months. The region will experience a hotter and dryer climate overall, and will particularly experience change in water resources – including an increase in water resource levels until 2020-2030 and then a decrease in water resource availability by the end of XXI century because of exhaustion of glaciers due to accelerated melting. In addition, changes in climate may increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and natural events such as heavy rainfalls, floods, flash floods, mudflows, land-slides, avalanches, droughts, heat waves, wildfires, pest and disease infestations, increase in duration of extremely hot summer periods with air temperature above 40°C.

These predictions suggest that potential impacts of climate change on the E4 medium- to long-term efficacy may include extreme events that could lead to loss of agricultural production, schallenges in transport and tourism operation and business failure.

The tourism sector is exposed to numerous direct and indirect impacts from climate change in CA. As temperatures rise, the attractiveness of many destinations will fade. Rising temperatures will shorten winter

4 USAID Climate Risk Profile for Central Asia at : https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-central-asia sport seasons and threaten the viability of some ski resorts. Climate change will lead to changes in biodiversity, affecting eco-tourism. Changing climate at tourist destinations and tourist generating countries can significantly affect the tourists’ comfort and their travel decisions. Changing demand patterns and tourist flows will have impacts on tourism businesses and on host communities, as well as knock off effects on related sectors, such as agriculture, handicrafts or construction. Tourism will be affected by policy changes and efforts to reduce GHG emissions causing global warming, especially in the context of the steep emissions growth.

Climate change will affect transportation systems directly, through infrastructure damage, and indirectly, through changes in trade flows, agriculture, energy use, and settlement patterns. It can likely cause damage of transportation infrastructure through higher temperatures, more severe storms and flooding, affecting the reliability and capacity of transportation systems.

Cumulatively, the proposed E4 potential to accelerate development of climate resilient crops and development of sustainable E4 activities far outweighs the relatively low to medium climate risk that climate poses to the activity components in the region. The activity’s development team has determined that these risks are acceptable, however the contractor will have to take into account adaptation measures suggested in the Climate Change National Communications, National Action Plans for Climate Change Mitigation, FAO and other donors recommendations available in various internet and literature sources. The table below outlines some Climate Change risks to the activity, and opportunities that exist for integrating climate resilience or mitigation measures.

Table 2. Project- and Activity-level Climate Risk Management Summary Analysis

Defined or Anticipated Project Elements (Purpose/Sub-purpose, Area of Focus, or Activity/ Mechanism, etc.)

Climate Risks - List key risks related to the project elements identified through either the strategy or project level climate risk assessment.

Risk Rating

- Low/ Moderate/ High

How Risks are Addressed at Project Level - Describe how risks have been addressed at the project level. If a decision has been made to accept the risk, briefly explain why.

Further Analysis and Actions for Activity Design/ Implementation- Describe CRM measures to be integrated into activity design or implementation, including additional analysis, if applicable.

Opportunities to Strengthen Climate Resilience - Describe opportunities to achieve development objectives by integrating climate resilience or mitigation measures.

Component 1.

Enterprises – fostering competitive industries in various sectors

1) Horticulture

Climate change poses a higher threat to air temperature rise in Central Asia above global mean increases, causing droughts in low land plains, heat waves, heavy rainfalls and increased frequency of extreme events (mudflows, avalanches, etc) in most parts of agricultural areas.

As E4 is planning to work with orchards, examples of key risks may include:

- Higher air and soil surface temperatures

Low to moderate

Low to moderate

So far the risks are not sufficiently considered in project design , however the risks should be mitigated and/or avoided.

IP will be responsible for the development of adaptation measures related to activity components Adaptation may include introduction of efficient water technologies (drip irrigation; water measuring devices

--IP will have to conduct additional climate risk analysis when the list of innovative partnerships and competitive industries is well defined. This condition should be included in the solicitation and award environmental compliance language.

--IP may work jointly with private sector and country governments to include climate resilience in future policies, strategies and programming.

-- IP may increase the climate change resilience knowledge of agricultural , tourism, transportation sectoral players --IP may increase the capacity of businesses to support disaster planning and management to

2)Transportation and

Tourism may significantly reduce yields cause seedling mortality or thermal injuries

- Under warmer climate and increased CO2 levels drastic increase in weeds, pests and fungi thriving may take place -High air temperature around flowering can reduce pollen viability and grain set in major Cereals -Increased glacial melting can cause floods while after ice resources are exhausted, water deficit for irrigation in plain parts can cause loss of crop yield

- Higher temperatures with lack of precipitations can cause loss of rain-fed crops and decrease of productivity of orchards -Due to increase in length of period of abnormally hot weather in summer, plants and trees will be subjected to huge stress and may die.

-Rising temperatures and extended heat-wave periods increasing the problems of rail buckling, pavement deterioration and thermal comfort for passengers in vehicles.

-Weather extremes generating floods or landslides leading to delays, interruptions and detouring needs.

As temperatures rise, the attractiveness of many destinations will fade

Low to moderate

Low to moderate in the irrigation canals);

introduction of heat resistant varieties of fruit trees and crops;

introduction of principles of sustainable crop and land management, including nutrition management and integrated pest management.

If further IP’s analysis finds moderate or high risk activities, IP should address them

Same as above ensure businesses protection from extreme events --IP may select innovation technologies with a lower greenhouse gases footprint and a reduction in waste where feasible.

Component Two: Developing a Capable Workforce and Entrepreneurship

Component Three: Creating Conditions for Jobs and Investment

Rising temperature and extreme weather events such as increased rainfall intensity that may result in flooding, work/office suspensions, and damage to infrastructure and equipment.

Low Incorporate climate change information/ projections in the design of an activity award.

Use climate information and /or projections in design and planning if applicable.

Include climate-proofing in the activities.

Encourage partners to develop climate risk analysis and management if applicable

3.4 Implementing Partner’s procedures:

• The IP should follow requirements and conditions established in the “Implementer Procedures Resource Allocation, Training and Reporting” of the P-IEE Asia 11-132.

• In addition to that the IP should:

-- Use ERC template for all NDC site-specific actions (Annex 1).

-- Conduct climate risk management screening (CRM) for all sectoral and sub-sectoral activities with the approved NDC prior to commencement. CRM shall be presented in an ERC and appropriate commensurate mitigation and adaptation measures shall be developed and presented in Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and shall be reviewed and approved by the RMEO/CIL and Contracting Officer Representative (COR).

-- All policy, planning, and regulatory documents that may have potential direct, indirect and cumulative impact on nature, natural resources and human wellbeing when these documents are implemented, should include consideration of social and environmental concerns. These documents should be recommended and assisted for implementation only if they are done with indication of mitigation measures sufficient to prevent negative impact.

-- Include principles of environmental protection, impact mitigation and environmental sustainability in all activity components including those qualifying for a CE.

Revisions:

Pursuant to 22 CFR 216.3(a)(9), if new information becomes available which indicates that activities to be funded by the Project might be "major" and the Program's effect "significant", this determination will be reviewed and revised by the originator of the project and submitted to the Asia Bureau Environmental Officer for approval and, if appropriate, an environmental assessment will be prepared. It is the responsibility of the USAID A/COR to keep the USAID/CA mission, USAID/KR Mission and the BEO/Asia informed of any new information or changes in scope and nature of the activity that might require revision of the P-IEE. USAID/CA and KR Missions shall regularly check the implementers on implementation of activities, and shall assure that all activities are in full compliance with the environmental conditions approved in the original and amended IEEs.

Annex 1

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW CHECKLIST FOR IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES

for [Activity Name]

Implemented under: [Project Name]

DCN: [of Parent IEE]

Prepared by: [Implementer]

Mission / Project 1

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW CHECKLIST FOR IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES

The Environmental Review Checklist for Identifying Potential Environmental Impacts of Project Activities and Processes (ERC) is intended for use mainly by implementing partners to: assess activity-specific baseline conditions, including applicable environmental requirements; identify potential adverse environmental effects associated with planned activity(s) and processes; and develop environmental mitigation and monitoring plans (EMMPs) that can effectively avoid or adequately minimize the identified effects.

This ERC can also be substituted for other ERC versions that may have been attached to project initial environmental examinations (IEE). If implementing partners are in doubt about whether a planned activity requires preparation of an ERC, they should contact their Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR)/Agreement Officer’s Representative (AOR) for clarification. (When preparing the checklist, please indicate “not applicable” for items that have no bearing on the activity.)

A. Activity and Site Information

Project Name: (as stated in the triggering IEE)

Mission/Country:

DCN of Triggering IEE:

Activity/Site Name:

Type of Activity:

Name of Reviewer and Summary of Professional Qualifications:

Date of Review:

B. Activity Description

1. Activity purpose and need

2. Location of activity

3. Beneficiaries, e.g., size of community, number of school children, etc.

4. Number of employees and annual revenue, if this is a business

5. Implementation timeframe and schedule

6. Detailed description of activity and site, e.g., size of the facility or hectares of land; steps that will be taken to accomplish the activity

7. Existing or planned certifications, e.g., ISO 14001 EMS, ISO 9000, HCCP, SA 8000, Global Gap, Environmental Product Declarations, Eco Flower, EcoLogo, Cradle to Cradle, UL Environment, GREENGUARD, Fair Trade, Green Seal, LEED, or various Forest Certifications

8. Site map, e.g., provide an image from Google Earth of the location

9. Photos of site (when available)

C. Activity-Specific Baseline Environmental Conditions

1. Population characteristics

2. Geography

3. Natural resources, e.g., nearby forest/protected areas, ground and surface water resources

4. Current land use

5. Proximity to public facilities, e.g. schools, hospitals, etc.

6. Other relevant description of current environmental conditions in proximity to the activity

D. Legal, Regulatory, and Permitting Requirements

1. National environmental impact assessment requirements for this activity

2. Applicable National or local permits for this activity, responsible party, and schedule for obtaining them:

Permit Type Responsible party Schedule

Mission / Project 2

Zoning Building/Construction Source Material Extraction Waste Disposal Wastewater Storm Water Management Air Quality Water Use Historical or Cultural Preservation Wetlands or Water bodies Threatened or Endangered Species Other

3. Additional national or other international environmental laws, conventions, standards with which the activity might be required to comply

a. Air emission standards

b. Water discharge standards

c. Solid waste disposal or storage regulations

d. Hazardous waste storage and disposal

e. Historical or cultural preservation

f. Other

E. Engineering Safety and Integrity (for Sections E. and F., provide a discussion for any of the listed issues that are likely to have bearing on this activity)

1. Will the activity be required to adhere to formal engineering designs/plans? Have these been or will they be developed by a qualified engineer?

2. Do designs/plans effectively and comprehensively address:

a. Management of storm water runoff and its effects?

b. Reuse, recycling, and disposal of construction debris and by-products?

c. Energy efficiency and/or preference for renewable energy sources?

d. Pollution prevention and cleaner production measures?

e. Maximum reliance on green building or green land-use approaches?

f. Emergency response planning?

g. Mitigation or avoidance of occupational safety and health hazards?

h. Environmental management of mobilization and de-mobilization?

i. Capacity of the host country recipient organization to sustain the environmental management aspects of the activity after closure and handover?

3. Are there known geological hazards, e.g., faults, landslides, or unstable soil structure, which could affect the activity? If so, how will the project ensure structural integrity?

4. Will the site require grading, trenching, or excavation? Will the activity generate borrow pits? If so, how will these be managed during implementation and closure?

5. Will the activity cause interference with the current drainage systems or conditions? Will it increase the risk of flooding?

6. Will the activity interfere with above- or below-ground utility transmission lines, e.g., communications, water, sewer, or natural gas?

7. Will the activity potentially interfere with vehicle or pedestrian traffic?

8. Does the activity increase the risk of fire, explosion, or hazardous chemical releases?

9. Does the activity require disposal or retrofitting of polychlorinated biphenyl-containing equipment, e.g., transformers or florescent light ballasts?

F. Environment, Health, and Safety Consequences

1. Potential impacts to public health and well-being

a. Will the activity require temporary or permanent property land taking?

Mission / Project 3

b. Will activities require temporary or permanent human resettlement?

c. Will area residents and/or workers be exposed to pesticides, fertilizer, or other toxic substances, e.g., as a result of farming or manufacturing? If so, how will the project:

i. Ensure that these chemicals do not contaminate ground or surface water?

ii. Ensure that workers use protective clothing and equipment to prevent exposure?

iii. Control releases of these substances to air, water, and land?

iv. Restrict access to the site to reduce the potential for human exposure?

d. Will the activity generate pesticide, chemical, or industrial wastes? Could these wastes potentially contaminate soil, groundwater or surface water?

e. Will chemical containers be stored at the site?

f. Does the activity remove asbestos-containing materials or use of building materials that may contain asbestos, formaldehyde, or other toxic materials? Can the project certify that building materials are non-toxic? If so, how will these wastes be disposed of?

g. Will the activity generate other solid or hazardous wastes such as construction debris, dry or wet cell batteries, florescent tubes, aerosol cans, paint, solvents, etc.? If so, how will this waste be disposed of?

h. Will the activity generate nontoxic, nonhazardous solid wastes (subsequently requiring land resources for disposal)?

i. Will the activity pose the need to handle and dispose of medical wastes? If so, describe measures of ensuring occupational and public health and safety, both onsite and offsite.

j. Does the activity provide a new source of drinking water for a community? If so, how will the project monitor water quality in accordance with health standards?

k. Will the activity potentially disturb soil contaminated with toxic or hazardous materials?

l. Will activities, e.g., construction, refurbishment, demolition, or blasting, result in increased noise or light pollution, which could adversely affect the natural or human environment?

2. Atmospheric and air quality impacts

a. Will the activity result in increased emission of air pollutants from a vent or as fugitive releases, e.g., soot, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds, methane.

b. Will the activity involve burning of wood or biomass?

c. Will the activity install, operate, maintain, or decommission systems containing ozone depleting substances, e.g., freon or other refrigerants?

d. Will the activity generate an increase in carbon emissions?

e. Will the activity increase odor and/or noise?

3. Water quality changes and impacts

a. How far is the site located from the nearest river, stream, or lake?

b. Will the activity disturb wetland, lacustrine, or riparian areas?

c. What is the depth to groundwater at the site?

d. Will the activity result in increased ground or surface water extraction? If so, what are the volumes? Permit requirements?

e. Will the activity discharge domestic or industrial sewage to surface, ground water, or publicly-owned treatment facility?

f. Does the activity result in increased volumes of storm water run-off and/or is there potential for discharges of potentially contaminated (including suspended solids) storm water?

g. Will the activity result in the runoff of pesticides, fertilizers, or toxic chemicals into surface water or groundwater?

h. Will the activity result in discharge of livestock wastes such as manure or blood into surface water?

i. Does the site require excavation, placing of fill, or substrate removal (e.g., gravel) from a river, stream or lake?

4. Land use changes and impacts

Mission / Project 4

a. Will the activity convert fallow land to agricultural land?

b. Will the activity convert forest land to agricultural land?

c. Will the activity convert agricultural land to commercial, industrial, or residential uses?

d. Will the activity require onsite storage of liquid fuels or hazardous materials in bulk quantities?

e. Will the activity result in natural resource extraction, e.g., granite, limestone, coal, lignite, oil, or gas?

f. Will the activity alter the viewshed of area residents or others?

5. Impacts to forestry, biodiversity, protected areas and endangered species

a. Is the site located adjacent to a protected area, national park, nature preserve, or wildlife refuge?

b. Is the site located in or near threatened or endangered (T&E) species habitat? Is there a plan for identifying T&E species during activity implementation? If T&E species are identified during implementation, is there a formal process for halting work, avoiding impacts, and notifying authorities?

c. Is the site located in a migratory bird flight or other animal migratory pathway?

d. Will the activity involve harvesting of non-timber forest products, e.g., mushrooms, medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), herbs, or woody debris?

e. Will the activity involve tree removal or logging? If so, please describe.

6. Historic or cultural resources

a. Are there cultural or historic sites located at or near the site? If so, what is the distance from these? What is the plan for avoiding disturbance or notifying authorities?

b. Are there unique ethnic or traditional cultures or values present in the site? If so, what is the applicable preservation plan?

G. Further Analysis of Recommended Actions (if the applicable IEE requires the use of ERCs to perform further analysis of recommended actions, then check the appropriate box below. If this analysis is not required, then skip this and proceed with Section H. If required by the IEE, the ERC shall be copied to the Bureau Environmental Officer (BEO)).

1. Categorical Exclusion: The activity is not likely to have an effect on the natural or physical environment. No further environmental review is required.*

2. Negative Determination with Conditions: The activity does not have potentially significant adverse environmental, health, or safety effects, but may contribute to minor impacts that can be eliminated or adequately minimized by appropriate mitigation measures. EMMPs shall be developed, approved by the Mission Environmental Officer (MEO) (and the BEO if required by the IEE) prior to beginning the activity, incorporated into workplans, and then implemented. See Sections H and I below.*

3. Positive Determination: The activity has potentially significant adverse environmental effects and requires further analysis of alternatives, solicitation of stakeholder input, and incorporation of environmental considerations into activity design. A Scoping Statement must be prepared and be submitted to the BEO for approval. Following BEO approval an Environmental Assessment (EA) will be conducted. The activity may not be implemented until the BEO clears the final EA. For activities related to the procurement, use, or training related to pesticides, a PERUSAP will be prepared for BEO approval.

4. Activity Cancellation: The activity poses significant and unmitigable adverse environmental effects. Adequate EMMPs cannot be developed to eliminate these effects and alternatives are not feasible. The project is not recommended for funding.

*Note regarding applicability related to Pesticides (216.2(e): The exemptions of §216.2(b)(l) and the categorical exclusions of §216.2(c)(2) such as technical assistance, education, and training are not applicable to assistance for the procurement or use of pesticides.

H. EMMPs (Using the format provided below, or its equivalent, list the processes that comprise the activity, then for each, identify impacts requiring further consideration, and for each impact describe the mitigation and monitoring measures that will be implemented to avoid or adequately minimize the impacts. All environment, health, and safety impacts requiring further consideration, which were identified in Section F., should be addressed)

Mission / Project 5

1. Activity-specific environmental mitigation plan (Upon request, the MEO may be able to provide your project with example EMMPs that are specific to your activity.)

Processes Identified Environmental

Impacts

Do the Impacts Require Further Consideration?

Mitigation Measures

Monitoring Indicators

List all the processes that comprise the activity(s)(e.g.

asbestos roof removal, installation of toilets, remove and replace flooring) A line should be included for each process.

A single process may have several potential impacts—provide a separate line for each.

For each impact, indícate Yes or No; if No, provide justification, e.g.,:

(1) There are no applicable legal requirements including permits or reporting and

(2) There is no relevant community concern and

(3) Pollution prevention is not feasible or practical and

(4) Does not pose a risk because of low severity, frequency, or duration

For each impact requiring further consideration, describe the mitigation measures that will avoid or adequately minimize the impact.

(If mitigation measures are well-specified in the IEE, quote directly from IEE.)

Specify indicators to (1) determine if mitigation is in place and (2) successful.

For example, visual inspections for seepage around pit latrine;

sedimentation at stream crossings, etc.)

2. Activity-specific monitoring plan Monitoring Indicators Monitoring…