5140-001P12750_Redacted.pdf

STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P STRUCTURE SUMMARY

U.S. ROUTE 250 BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE: 11/3/16

BRIDGE IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION

MAIN SPAN MATERIAL: ....... NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

CONCRETE 1

MAIN SPAN TYPE: ............... NO. OF APPR. SPANS: ........ FRAME 0

# OF BEAMS, MAIN SPAN: .. 1 STRUCT. TOTAL LENGTH: .. 62.0 FT (18.9 M)

DECK TYPE: ......................... NOT APPLICABLE MAX. SPAN LENGTH: .......... 62.0 FT (18.9 M)

WEARING SURFACE: .......... NOT APPLICABLE DECK WIDTH: ...................... 38.5 FT (11.7 M)

ABUT. FOUNDATIONS: ........ SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L CURB TO CURB WIDTH: ..... 35.0 FT (10.7 M)

PIER FOUNDATION(S): ........ N/A YEAR BUILT:

ABUTMENT / PIER MAT'L: ... CONCRETE YEAR RECONSTRUCTED: .. N/A

PROJ./PLAN REF. NO: ......... SKEW ANGLE: ..................... 37 °

NPS ROAD CLASS:

1B2 / 01137

FRACTURE CRITICAL: ........ NO

STRUCTURE HISTORY: ...... 1982-JOINT REPAIR. 2010-APPROACH GUARDRAIL REPLACED.

1 - PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD

LOCATION

BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY MILE POINT: ..................... 0.01 (KM PT 0.02)

STATE: ................................. VIRGINIA LOCATION: 0.1 MILES TO I-64

FACILITY CARRIED: ............ BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY

FEATURE INTERSECTED: .. U.S. ROUTE 250

STRUCTURE EVALUATION SUMMARY

This concrete frame bridge is in good condition overall. The main problems include deterioration of the parapet masonry mortar joints; longitudinal cracking with efflorescence on the slab underside along edges; efflorescence from arch ring stones and construction joints between slab units; vegetation growth at the north abutment, wingwalls, and the top of northwest retaining wall; and a missing reflective object marker for the underpass roadway at the southwest corner of the bridge.

Corrective measures should be taken as outlined in this report to help prevent the possible development of more serious or costly problems in the future.

Since the previous inspection, the wearing surface has been repaved.

INSPECTION TEAM: R. SILVESTRY, L. ELLIS

CONDITION ASSESSMENT:

REINALDO SILVESTRY, FIELD TEAM LEADER 703-404-6251

REPORT REVIEW:

MARCUS MILLER, P.E., BRIDGE INSPECTION ENGINEER 703-404-6252

REPORT APPROVAL: DATE: 3/31/17

JORGOMAI CEESAY, PH.D., P.E., BIP SUPERVISORY ENGINEER 703-404-6244

RECOMMENDATIONS AND ESTIMATED COSTS STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

226 PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT D

A (Critical) - Structure is closed, in imminent danger of collapse, or presents a critical safety hazard.

B (Major) - Structure exhibits severe deterioration, presents a safety hazard, or is designated a high priority due to age and/or condition.

C (Moderate) - Structure is deficient, functionally obsolete, or requires substantial repairs to prevent a serious deficiency or unsafe condition.

D (Minor) - Structure is generally in good condition. Preventative maintenance may be required.

E (Special) - Structure is under construction or reconstruction.

ITEM

NO.

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS

(GENERALLY NOT FLHP ELIGIBLE)

QTY. UNIT COST

UNIT

ESTIMATE

COST

PRELIM.

60.6,8, 223.1

REMOVE VEGETATION GROWTH FROM WINGWALLS, AND NORTHWEST

RETAINING WALL.

1 LS

222.7 INSTALL TYPE 3 REFLECTIVE OBJECT MARKER AT SOUTHWEST CORNER OF

UNDERPASS ROADWAY.

1 LS

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL :

ITEM

REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION

QTY. UNIT

UNIT

COST ESTIMATES

PRELIM. COST

NO (TYPICALLY NEEDED WITHIN 5 YEARS)

REHAB. RECONSTR.

58.6, 60.6 CLEAN AND REPOINT PARAPET MASONRY MORTAR JOINTS AS

NECESSARY.

1 LS

CONTRACT COSTS FOR MOBILIZATION, TRAFFIC CONTROL, AND

DESIGN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING (70% TOTAL REHAB COST)

PLUS PARK LOCATION FACTOR.

1 LS

PRELIM. REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL :

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE TOTAL* :

(*Includes typical contract costs for mobilization, traffic control, and design/construction engineering; but does not include detour bridges, work beyond the bridge limits, or work not listed above. Estimates are approximate and are for preliminary planning purposes only; they should not be used as a complete or final engineers estimate.)

REMARKS: Cost estimates assume that recommended actions will be combined with similar work being performed on other structures.

FIELD INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

CONDITION RATING CODES FOR ITEMS 58 - 62, 222, 223

N

NOT APPLICABLE

EXCELLENT CONDITION

VERY GOOD CONDITION - no problems noted.

GOOD CONDITION - some minor problems.

SATISFACTORY CONDITION - structural elements show some minor deterioration.

FAIR CONDITION - all primary structural elements are sound but may have minor section loss, cracking, spalling, or scour.

POOR CONDITION - advanced section loss, deterioration, spalling, or scour.

SERIOUS CONDITION - loss of section, deterioration, spalling, or scour have seriously affected primary structural components. Local failures are possible.

Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present.

CRITICAL CONDITION - advanced deterioration of primary structural elements. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present or scour may have removed substructure support. Unless closely monitored it may be necessary to close the structure until corrective action can be taken.

“IMMINENT” FAILURE CONDITION - major deterioration or section loss present in critical structural components or obvious vertical or horizontal movement affecting structure stability. Structure is closed to traffic but corrective action may return structure to light service.

FAILED CONDITION - out of service; beyond corrective action.

CONDITION RATING CODE EQUIVALENTS FOR SUB-ELEMENTS

G = GOOD (CODES 7 - 9) F = FAIR (CODES 5 - 6) P = POOR (CODES 0 - 4)

58. DECK N

DECK SLAB1. N

EXPANSION JOINTS2. G

WEARING SURFACE3. F

RIDEABILITY4. G

CURBS, SIDEWALKS, AND MEDIAN 5. G

PARAPETS AND/OR RAILINGS6. F

DRAINS AND DRAINAGE7. G

UTILITIES8. N

DEFLECTION AND/OR VIBRATION9. N

OTHER10. N

59. SUPERSTRUCTURE 7

BEARING DEVICES1. N

GIRDERS OR BEAMS2. N

ARCH(ES) OR SLAB(S)3. G

FLOOR BEAMS AND STRINGERS4. N

TRUSSES5. N

DIAPHRAGMS AND BRACING6. N

7. PAINT N

FASCIA(E)8. G

DEFLECTION AND/OR VIBRATION9. G

ALIGNMENT10. G

OTHER11. N

60. SUBSTRUCTURE 7

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

ABUTMENTS

58.3, 222.4 WEARING SURFACE HAS BEEN REPAVED SINCE PREVIOUS

INSPECTION.

58.5 MINOR TRANSVERSE CRACKING OF EAST ASPHALT SIDEWALK.

58.6 MINOR TO MODERATE DETERIORATION OF PARAPET MASONRY

MORTAR JOINTS; SEVERE AT WEST PARAPET, SOUTH APPROACH.

59.3 MINOR LONGITUDINAL CRACKING WITH EFFLORESCENCE ON SLAB

UNDERSIDE ALONG CONSTRUCTION JOINTS AND NEAR ARCH RING

STONES.

59.8 MINOR TO MODERATE EFFLORESCENCE ON MASONRY RING

STONES.

60.6 MINOR DETERIORATION OF WINGWALL MASONRY MORTAR JOINTS.

MINOR VEGETATION GROWTH ON SOUTHEAST, NORTHEAST, AND

NORTHWEST WINGWALLS.

11.

1 0.

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

12. OTHER

SLOPE PROTECTION

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR

EXPANSION JOINTS

WEEP HOLES

WINGWALLS

FOUNDATIONS

BACKWALLS AND/OR BULKHEADS

CAPS AND/OR BEARING SEATS

PILE BENTS

BREASTWALLS OR COLUMNS G

N

N

N

N

G

G

G

G

G

N

N

PIER(S)

N 13. WALLS AND/OR COLUMNS

N 14. PILE BENTS

N 15. CAPS AND/OR BEARING SEATS

N 16. FOUNDATIONS

N 17. EROSION AND/OR SCOUR

N 18. SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION

N 19. OTHER

222.3 MINOR CHECKING OF TIMBER APPROACH GUARDRAILS.

222.7 MISSING TYPE 3 REFLECTIVE OBJECT MARKER AT SOUTHWEST

CORNER OF STRUCTURE ALONG UNDERPASS ROADWAY.

VERTICAL CLEARANCE SIGNS, 14' - 0", PROVIDED AT BOTH

APPROACHES.

223.1 MINOR TO MODERATE EFFLORESCENCE ON NORTHWEST

RETAINING WALL; MINOR VEGETATION GROWTH IN SOME

LOCATIONS.

36.A,B,C,D PARAPET MINIMUM HEIGHT OF 1'-9" AND APPROACH GUARDRAIL

HEIGHT OF 2'-0" DOES NOT MEET CURRENT SAFETY GUIDELINES

FOR STRENGTH OR MINIMUM HEIGHT GUIDELINES OF 2'-3" FOR

TRAFFIC SAFETY BARRIERS. APPROACH GUARDRAIL NOT

ATTACHED TO BRIDGE PARAPET. SOUTHEAST GUARDRAIL END

TREATMENT NOT TERMINATED SAFELY.

Does not meet standards or a safety feature is required and none is provided.

Meets currently acceptable standards.

Not applicable or a safety feature is not required.

INSPECTION DATE: 11/3/16

STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001PFIELD INSPECTION REPORT

STREAM BED COMPOSITION :9.

AVERAGE CLEAR OPENING8.

NORMAL VELOCITY7.

ADEQUACY OF OPENING6.

OTHER5.

WATERWAY OBSTRUCTIONS4.

CHANNEL PROTECTION3.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR2.

ALIGNMENT1.

61. CHANNEL

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

OTHER9.

ALIGNMENT8.

SIGNS7.

SETTLEMENT6.

EROSION5.

SURFACING4.

APPROACH GUARDRAIL3.

RELIEF JOINTS2.

APPROACH SLABS1.

222. APPROACHES

OTHER6.

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION5.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR4.

FOUNDATION3.

WEEP HOLES2.

WALL1.

223. RETAINING WALL

APPROACH GUARDRAIL ENDSD.

APPROACH GUARDRAILSC.

TRANSITIONSB.

BRIDGE RAILINGS A.

36. TRAFFIC AND SAFETY FEATURES

N

N

N

G

G

G

G

F

G

N

G

G

N

G

G

N

N

TRAFFIC SAFETY RATING CODES

U.S. ROUTE 250 BRIDGE

STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

INSPECTION DATE: 11/3/16

TRUCK TYPE

TONS

INVENTORY RATING (NORMAL TRAFFIC)

METRIC TONS METRIC TONSTONS

OPERATING RATING (MAXIMUM LOAD)

H

HS

TYPE 3

TYPE 3S2

TYPE 3-3

DESIGN LOADING:

DATE OF LOAD RATING CALCULATION:

LOAD RATING CONTROLLED BY:

REMARKS:

CAPACITY MEETS OR EXCEEDS DESIGN LOAD

CAPACITY IS LESS THAN DESIGN LOAD

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION APPLICABLE

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION REVISED

FRAME

6/15

X

X

STRUCTURE LOAD RATING

U.S. ROUTE 250 BRIDGE

H15 (M13.5)

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

U.S. ROUTE 250 BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE: 11/3/16

STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION

(201) PARK: BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY

(202) STRUCTURE NAME: .......... U.S. ROUTE 250 BRIDGE

(203) STRUCTURE KIND: ............1 - BRIDGE

(204) STRUCTURE NUMBER: ..... 5140-001P

(205) NPS REGION: .................... 4 - SOUTHEAST

(206) ROUTE CODE NUMBER: ... 1

(207) ROAD SECTION NO: ..........001P

(208) NPS ROAD CLASS: ............ 1 - PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD

(209) WITHIN NPS BNDRY?: ....... YES

(210) OPERATING UNIT: ............. JAMES R.

(211) PROJECT NO(S): ................ 1B2

(212) DRAWING NUMBERS:

(21) MAINTAINED BY: ................. 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(22) OWNER: ............................... 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(1) STATE:

(2) STATE HWY. AGENCY DIST:

(3) COUNTY CODE:

(4) CITY/PLACE CODE:

(5) INVENTORY ROUTE:

(6) FEATURES INTERSECTED:

(7) FACILITY CARRIED:

(8) STATE STRUCTURE NO:

(9) LOCATION:

(10) INV. RTE. - MIN. VERT. CLR: ..

(11) MILE POINT:

(27) YEAR BUILT:

(106) YEAR RECONSTRUCTED:

(20) TOLL:

(37) HISTORICAL DESIGNATION: ..

513 - VIRGINIA (VA)

015 - AUGUSTA

161000010

U.S. ROUTE 250

BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY

5140001P0000000

0.1 MILES TO I-64

99.99 FT (99.99 M)

0.01 (KM PT 0.02)

N/A

3 - FREE ROAD

5 - NOT ELIGIBLE

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION, FOUNDATION, AND DECK TYPE

(43A) MAIN STR. MATERIAL: ..

(43B) MAIN STR. TYPE:

(45) NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

(48) MAX. SPAN LENGTH:

(49) STRUCTURE LENGTH:

(216A) ABUTMENT #1 FDN:

(216B) ABUTMENT #2 FDN:

(217A) PREDOM. PIER FDN.: ..

(217B) SECOND. PIER FDN: ...

(107) DECK TYPE:

1 - CONCRETE

07 - FRAME

62.0 FT (18.9 M)

62.0 FT (18.9 M)

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L

6 - N/A

6 - N/A

N - NOT APPLICABLE

(44A) APPR. STR. MATERIAL: ........ 0 - OTHER

(44B) APPR. STR. TYPE: ................ 00 - OTHER

(46) NO. OF APPROACH SPANS: .. 0

(108) WEAR SURFACE/PROTECT SYSTEM:

A) TYPE WEARING SURFACE: .. N - NOT APPLICABLE

B) TYPE MEMBRANE: ................. N - NOT APPLICABLE

C) TYPE PROTECTION:

N - NOT APPLICABLE

YES(218) IS SALT USED?:

LOAD RATING AND POSTING

(31) DESIGN LOAD:

2 - H15 (M13.5) (41) LOAD RESTRICTION:

R - POSTED (OTHER)

(66) INVENTORY RATING: ...... 32.0 TONS (29.0 METRIC TONS) (70) BRIDGE POSTING: .............. 5 - NO POSTING REQUIRED

(64) OPERATING RATING: ...... 54.0 TONS (49.0 METRIC TONS)

INSPECTION DATES

(90) INSPECTION DATE: 11/16 (91) FREQ. OF INSP: 48 MONTHS (92 / 93) CRITICAL FEATURE INSPECTION (CFI):

(219) ADD. STUDIES NEEDED: N - 0 - NONE (A) FRACTURE CRITICAL: ... NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. : (220) SPECIAL STUDY TYPE: 0 - NONE

(B) UNDERWATER: .............. NO

(221) SPECIAL STUDY DATE:

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

(C) SPECIAL INSPECTION: .. NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

U.S. ROUTE 250 BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE: 11/3/16

GEOMETRY, TRAFFIC, AND NAVIGATIONAL DATA

(16) LATITUDE: ............................. 38°01'52.80" (51) CURB TO CURB WIDTH: ........... 35.0 FT (10.7 M)

(17) LONGITUDE: ......................... 78°51'29.50" (52) DECK WIDTH: ............................ 38.5 FT (11.7 M)

(19) DETOUR LENGTH: ............... 0 MI (0 KM) (32) APPR. ROADWAY WIDTH: ........ 30.0 FT (9.1 M)

(28A) LANES ON STRUCT: .......... 02 (213) APPR. PAVEMENT WIDTH: ..... 22.0 FT (6.7 M)

(28B) LANES UNDER STRUCT: ... 02 LEFT SHOULDER: .................. 4.0 FT (1.2 M)

(42A) SERVICE ON: ..................... 1 - HIGHWAY RIGHT SHOULDER: ................ 4.0 FT (1.2 M)

(42B) SERVICE UNDER: .............. 1 - HIGHWAY (33) BRIDGE MEDIAN: ....................... 0 - NO MEDIAN

(29) AVG. DAILY TRAFFIC: .......... 640 (34) SKEW ANGLE: ............................ 37 °

(30) YEAR OF ADT: ...................... 2012 (35) DECK FLARE?: ........................... NO

(114) FUTURE ADT: ..................... 704 (47) TOTAL HORIZ. CLEARANCE: .... 35.0 FT (10.7 M)

(115) YEAR OF FUTURE ADT: ..... 2032 (50) SIDEWALKS:

(101) PARALLEL STRUCTURE: ... N - NONE LEFT : ...................................... 5.0 FT (1.5 M)

(38) NAVIGATION CONTROL?: ... N RIGHT : ................................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(39) VERTICAL CLEARANCE: ...... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (214) BRIDGE RAIL TYPE:

(40) HORIZ. CLEARANCE: ........... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) RAIL CONFIGURATION: ......... 3 - PARAPET ONLY

(111) ABUT. OR PIER PROT: ....... MATERIAL: .............................. 9 - OTHER

DESIGN TYPE: ........................ 1 - CONTINUOUS RAIL

LATERAL UNDERCLEARANCE:

(55) RIGHT: ....................... 6.0 FT (1.8 M) (215) BRIDGE RAIL HEIGHT: ............ 1.83 FT (0.56 M)

(56) LEFT: ......................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (53) MIN. VRT. CLEAR. OVER DECK: 99.99 FT (99.99 M)

(54) MIN. VRT. UNDERCLEARANCE: 14.25 FT (4.34 M)

CONDITION AND APPRAISAL DATA, PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS, AND COST

(58) DECK: .................................N

(59) SUPERSTRUCTURE:

(60) SUBSTRUCTURE:

(61) CHANNEL: ..........................N

(62) CULVERT: ........................... N

(222) APPROACHES:

(223) RETAINING WALL:

(36) TRAFFIC SAFETY FEAT: ... 0000

(75A) TYPE OF WORK:

(75B) WORK DONE BY:

(76) IMPROVEMENT LENGTH: ..

(67) STRUCTURAL EVALUATION:

(68) DECK GEOMETRY:

(69) UNDERCLEARANCES:

(71) WATERWAY ADEQUACY:

(72) APPROACH ALIGNMENT:

(113) SCOUR CRITICAL:

(225) PURPOSE OF IMPROVEMENT:

(226) PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT:

(227) MAINTENANCE COST:

(228) REHAB./RECONSTR. COST: ...

(229) CONSTRUCTION COST:

N

N - Not over waterway.

2 - REHAB/RECONSTRUCTION

D - MINOR

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(230) STRUCTURE HISTORY:

1982-JOINT REPAIR. 2010-APPROACH GUARDRAIL REPLACED.

(231) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS:

(330) ADDITIONAL CONFIG. INFO.:

http:78�51'29.50 http:38�01'52.80

APPENDIX STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

PHOTO #1 - LOOKING SOUTH TOWARD ROANOKE

PHOTO #2 - EAST SIDE

STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001PPHOTOGRAPHS

PHOTO #3 - GENERAL TOP SIDE VIEW LOOKING SOUTH; NOTE

ROADWAY HAS BEEN REPAVED SINCE PREVIOUS INSPECTION

PHOTO #4 - GENERAL UNDERSIDE VIEW LOOKING NORTH

PHOTO #5 - GENERAL VIEW OF PAVED

SIDEWALK ALONG EAST SIDE OF ROADWAY;

HAS BEEN REPAVED SINCE PREVIOUS

INSPECTION

U.S. ROUTE 250 BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE: 11/3/16

STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

PHOTO #6 - SEALED PARAPET EXPANSION

JOINTS AT NORTHWEST SIDE; NOTE

DETERIORATION OF MASONRY MORTAR

PHOTOGRAPHS

PHOTO #7 - TYPICAL DETERIORATION OF PARAPET MASONRY MORTAR

JOINTS AT SOUTHWEST PARAPET; CONDITION IS SIMILAR AT WEST

PARAPET

PHOTO #8 - STONE DRAINAGE AND PEDESTRIAN PATH INSTALLED

SINCE PREVIOUS INSPECTION ON SOUTHEAST EMBANKMENT; NOTE

ALSO TYPICAL CHECKING IN TIMBER GUARDRAIL AND CORROSION OF

PHOTOGRAPHS STRUCTURE NO. 5140 001P

PHOTO #9 - TYPICAL TRANSITION FROM MASONRY PARAPET TO

TIMBER GUARDRAIL, NOTE TYPICAL CHECKING OF TIMBER

GUARDRAIL AND CORROSION OF STEEL HARDWARE

PHOTO #10 - GENERAL VIEW OF NORTHEAST WINGWALL; NOTE

TYPICAL VEGETATION GROWTH ALONG EMBANKMENT AND VINE

GROWTH ON WINGWALL

PHOTO #11 - VEGETATION GROWTH ON TOP OF NORTHWEST

RETAINING WALL; NOTE ALSO EFFLORESCENCE BUILD-UP ALONG

LOWER COURSES OF MASONRY JOINTS IN RETAINING WALL

PHOTO #12 - LONGITUDINAL CRACKING AND EFFLORESCENCE ALONG

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS ON SLAB UNDERSIDE

PHOTO #13 - GENERAL VIEW OF NORTH ABUTMENT; NOTE

VEGETATION GROWTH ALONG SHOULDER AT BASE OF BREAST WALL

CORNERS

PHOTO #14 - LONGITUDINAL CRACKING WITH EFFLORESCENCE

ALONG CONSTRUCTION JOINTS; EAST END OF SLAB UNDERSIDE

NEAR SOUTH ABUTMENT SHOWN

PHOTO #15 - LONGITUDINAL CRACKING WITH

EFFLORESCENCE ON SLAB UNDERSIDE NEAR

ARCH RING STONES AT MID SPAN;

PHOTO #16 - TYPICAL SEALED VERTICAL

EXPANSION JOINTS, SOUTHWEST VERTICAL

JOINT SHOWN

PHOTO #17 - TYPICAL VERTICAL CLEARANCE SIGN, EAST APPROACH

SIGN SHOWN