5. Appendix B. Standard Specifications and Diagrams.pdf

Appendix B – Standard Specifications and Diagrams

Pay Item 20425 – Drainage Excavation (Rolling Dip Type II)

204.01 This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This work also includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material. See FP-14, Section 204.

Pay Item 21101 – Roadway Obliteration

211.01 This work consists of obliterating or closing roadways and other areas outside the roadway prism. Roadway obliteration methods are designated as follows:

(b) Method 2. Close roads by filling ditches and outsloping the roadbed to drain. Remove and slope embankment material at localized drainages to restore the natural drainage patterns. Eliminate ruts and low spots that could hold water. See FP- 14, Section 211.

Pay Item 21201 – Linear Grading

212.01 This work consists of constructing roadbeds within the specified alignment and grade tolerances. See FP-14, Section 212.

212.02 Roadway Preparation. Clear the area of vegetation and obstructions according to Sections 201 and 203.

212.03 Roadway Excavation and Embankment. Construct the roadbeds according to the applicable requirements of Section 204, except as modified herein.

Adjust the moisture content of embankment material to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Place embankment material in 12-inch (300-millimeter) layers and compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11(a). Where compacting with rollers is not practical, use approved mechanical or vibratory compaction equipment. Construct approach connections to existing roads, parking areas, and trails.

Construct new approaches.

212.04 Grading Tolerance. Do not encroach on stream channels, impact wetlands, or extend beyond right-of-way or easement limits. Do not make alignment or profile grade adjustments that adversely affect drainage. Construct the roadbed within the following grading tolerances:

1. Alignment (centerline). Alignment may be shifted a maximum of 10 feet (3 meters) left or right of the planned centerline. Curve radii may be reduced by up to 50 percent. Do not construct curves with radii less than 100 feet (30 meters). Compound curves are permitted.

(b) Profile grade. Profile grade may be shifted a maximum of 5 feet (1.5 meters) up or down from the plan elevation provided the new grade tangent does not vary more than 2 percent from the plan grade tangent. Connect revised forward and back grade tangents with a uniform vertical curve consistent with the design.

Roadway Typical (Pay Item 21201)

Pay Item 30201 – Untreated Aggregate Courses

301.01 This work consists of constructing one or more courses of aggregate on a prepared surface.

Subbase and base aggregate grading is designated according to Table 703-2. Surface course aggregate grading is designated according to Table 703-05 (See below).

301.02 Conform to the following Subsections:

Subbase, base, and surface course aggregate 703.05 Water 725.01I

301.03 General. Prepare the surface on which the aggregate course is placed according to Section 204 or 303 as applicable. After a representative quantity of aggregate is produced, submit proposed target values for the appropriate sieve sizes along with a representative 300-pound (150-kilogram) sample at least 14 days before incorporating the aggregate into the work. Set target values within the gradation ranges shown in Table 703-2 or 703-3 for the required grading.

301.04 Mixing and Spreading. Determine the optimum moisture content according to AASHTO T 180, Method D. Mix the aggregate and adjust the moisture content to obtain a uniform mixture with a moisture content within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content. Spread and shape the mixture on the prepared surface in a uniform layer. Do not place the mixture in a layer exceeding 6 inches (150 millimeters) in compacted thickness. When more than one layer is necessary, compact each layer according to Subsection 301.05 before placing the next layer. Route hauling equipment uniformly over the full width of the surface to minimize rutting or uneven compaction.

301.05 Compacting. Determine the maximum density of the mixture according to AASHTO T 180, Method D. Compact each layer full width. Roll from the sides to the center, parallel to the centerline of the road. Along curbs, headers, walls, and places not accessible to the roller, compact the material with approved tampers or compactors. Compact each layer to at least 95.0 percent of maximum density. Determine the in-place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures.

301.06 Surface Tolerance. If grade finishing stakes are required, finish the surface to within ±0.05 feet (±10 millimeters) from staked line and grade elevation. If grade finishing stakes are not required, shape the surface to the required template and check the surface with a 10-foot (3-meter) straightedge. Defective areas are surface deviations in excess of ½ inch (13 millimeters) in 10 feet (3 meters) between two contacts of the straightedge with the surface. Correct defective areas by loosening the material, adding or removing material, reshaping, and compacting.

301.07 Maintenance. Maintain the aggregate course to the correct line, grade, and cross-section by blading, watering, rolling, or combination thereof until placement of the next course. Correct defects according to Subsection 301.06.

301.08 Acceptance. See Table 301-1 for sampling, testing, and acceptance requirements; including the category for quality characteristics.

Aggregate gradation and surface course plasticity index will be evaluated under Subsection 106.05. Other aggregate quality properties will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

2. Aggregate gradation. The upper and lower specification limits are equal to the calculated mean of all test results plus or minus the allowable deviations shown in Tables 703-2 and 703-3, except as follows:

3. If the calculated mean value for a tested sieve exceeds the maximum gradation value shown in Table 703-

2 or 703-3, then the upper specification is equal to the maximum gradation value plus the allowable deviation, and the lower specification is equal to the maximum gradation value minus the allowable deviation.

(2) If the calculated mean value for a tested sieve is less than the minimum gradation value shown in Table 703-2 or 703-3, then the upper specification is equal to the minimum gradation value plus the allowable deviation and the lower specification is equal to the minimum gradation value minus the allowable deviation.

(b) Plasticity index. The upper and lower specification limits for surface courses are shown in Subsection 703.05 (next pages)

Construction of untreated aggregate courses will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04

301.09 Measure the Section 301 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable: When measuring aggregate by the cubic yard (cubic meter), measure in place. When measuring aggregate by the square yard (square meter), measure the length horizontally along the centerline of the roadway. Measure the width horizontally to include the top of aggregate width, including designed widenings.

Pay Item 30201 Continued – Untreated Aggregate Courses (See sec. 703.05 and table 703-3 below)

703.05 Subbase, Base, Surface Course, and Screened Aggregate

Pay Item 20101 – Clearing and Grubbing

201.01 This work consists of clearing and grubbing within the clearing limits designated in the plans. (See roadway typical next page).

201.02 Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03 Tree wound dressing 713.08(g)

201.03 General. Construct erosion control measures according to Section 157. Perform work within designated limits. Do not damage vegetation designated to remain. If damage occurs, repair or replace the vegetation in an acceptable manner.

Where possible, preserve vegetation adjacent to bodies of water. Treat cuts or scarred surfaces of trees and shrubs with tree wound dressing.

201.04 Clearing. Within the clearing limits clear trees, brush, downed timber, and other vegetation as follows:

(a) Cut trees so they fall within the clearing limits;

(b) In areas of cut slope rounding, cut stumps flush with or below the final ground-line;

I In areas outside the excavation, embankment, and slope rounding limits, cut stumps to within 6 inches (150 millimeters) of the ground; and

(d) Trim tree branches that extend over the road surface and shoulders to attain a clear height of 20 feet (6 meters). If required, remove other branches to present a balanced appearance. Trim according to accepted tree surgery practices. Treat wounds with tree wound dressing.

201.05 Grubbing. Grub deep enough to remove stumps, roots, buried logs, moss, turf, or other vegetative debris as follows:

(a) Grub areas to be excavated, except for cut slope rounding areas;

(b) Grub embankment areas. Undisturbed stumps less than 24 inches (600 millimeters) in diameter may be left in place if they protrude less than 6 inches (150 millimeters) above the original ground and will be covered with more than 48 inches (1200 millimeters) of embankment. Remove all other stumps;

I Grub pits, channel changes, and ditches only to the depth necessary for the excavation; and

(d) Backfill stump holes and other grubbing holes with backfill material to the level of the surrounding ground according to Subsection 209.09. Compact backfill according to Subsection 209.10.

201.06 Disposal. Merchantable timber is the Contractor’s property. Dispose of clearing and grubbing debris according to Subsection 203.05.

Roadway Typical – Pay Item 20101

Pay Item 30301 – Roadway Reconditioning

303.01 This work consists of reconditioning ditches, shoulders, roadbeds, aggregate surfaces, or the entire road.

303.02 Conform to the following Subsection:

Water 725.01I

303.03 Ditch Reconditioning. Remove slide material, sediment, vegetation, and other debris from existing ditches and culvert inlets/outlets. Reshape ditches and culvert inlets/outlets to achieve positive drainage and uniform ditch width, depth, and grade. Dispose of waste at designated sites or according to Subsection 204.14.

303.04 Shoulder Reconditioning. Remove slide material, vegetation, and other debris from existing shoulders including shoulders in parking areas, turnouts, and other widened areas. Repair soft and unstable areas according to Subsection

204.07. Reshape shoulders to the widths and slopes shown in the plans. Dispose of waste at designated sites or according to Subsection 204.14.

303.05 Roadbed Reconditioning. Remove organic, deleterious, and material larger than 6 inches (150 millimeters) from the top 6 inches (150 millimeters) of subgrade. Dispose of waste according to Subsection 204.14. Repair soft and unstable areas according to Subsection 204.07. Scarify surface to a 6-inch (150-millimeter) depth. Remove irregularities and shape to a uniform surface. Finish earth surfaces to within 0.05 feet (15 millimeters) and rock surfaces to within 0.10 feet (30 millimeters) of required line, grade, and cross-section. Compact according to Subsection 204.11.

303.06 Aggregate Surface Reconditioning. Repair soft and unstable areas to the full aggregate surface depth and according to Subsection 204.07. Scarify the thickness of aggregate surfacing material or to 6 inches (150 millimeters), whichever is less. Remove irregularities and shape to a uniform surface. Finish and compact the surface according to Subsection 302.05.

303.07 Roadway Reconditioning. Perform applicable work described in Subsections 303.03 through 303.06. Maintain existing cross slope and crown or as shown in the plans.

Roadway Typical – Pay Item 30301

General Notes for all Pay Items

1. Refer to applicable section of “Standard Specifications for Construction of Road and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects (FP-14)” for contract specifications.

2. Maintain all construction staking on the project until final inspection and acceptance.

3. Rock source shall be from a certified weed free source. Provide contracting officer written notification of proposed material source 30 days prior to use, as required in FSSS 105.02I.

4. Construction Tolerance D for all reconstruction work.