36C78619Q0121-0001001.pdf

11-01-16

EARTH MOVING (SHORT FORM)

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SECTION 31 20 11

EARTH MOVING (SHORT FORM)

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Earthwork including excavation, fill, backfill, and lawn restoration.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Unsuitable Materials:

1. Fills: Topsoil, frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 75 mm (3 inches); organic materials, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable.

2. Existing Subgrade (except footings): Same materials as above paragraph, not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and similar items, with the possible exception of improvement by compaction, proof rolling, or similar methods of improvement.

B. Earthwork: Earthwork operations required within the new construction area.

C. Degree of Compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by the test procedure presented in AASHTO

T99 Method A.

D. The term fill means fill or backfill.

E. Topsoil: Fertile, friable, natural topsoil of loamy character and characteristic of locality, capable of growing healthy horticultural crops of grasses.

1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION

A. Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of all material not defined as rock.

B. Rock Excavation:

1. Solid ledge rock (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock).

2. Bedded or conglomerate deposits, cemented to present characteristics of solid rock which cannot be excavated without blasting; or the use of modern power excavator (shovel, backhoe, or similar power excavators) minimum 0.75 m3 (1 cubic yard) capacity, properly used, having adequate power and in good running condition.

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3. Boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of 0.4 cubic meter (1/2 cubic yard) or more.

1.4 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Comply with references to extent specified in this section.

B. American Nursery and Landscape Association (ANLA):

1. 2004 - American Standard for Nursery Stock.

C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

1. T99-01 (R2004) - Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5 kg

(5.5 lb) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop.

2. T180-01 (2004) - Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg

[10 lb] Rammer and a 457 mm (18 inch) Drop.

D. ASTM International (ASTM):

1. D698-07 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Standard Effort.

2. D1557-07 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using

Modified Effort.

E. Standard Specifications of (Insert name of local state) State

Department of Transportation, latest revision.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Fills: Materials approved from on site and off site sources.

1. Dry Density: 1760 kg/m3 (110 pcf) minimum.

2. Plasticity Index: 6 maximum.

3. Liquid Limit: 30 maximum.

B. Fertilizer: 5 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus, and 5 percent potash.

C. Sod: Comparable species with existing turf, without broken pads and torn or uneven ends. Use State Certified or State Approved sod when available.

1. Thickness of Cut: 19 mm to 32 mm (3/4 inch to 1 1/4 inches) excluding top growth.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 SITE PREPARATION

A. Clearing: Clear within the limits of earthwork operations as described or designated by the COR. Remove trees, shrubs, fences, debris, trash and any other obstructions. Remove materials from the Cemetery

Property.

B. Grubbing:

1. Remove stumps and roots 75 mm (3 inches) and larger diameter.

2. Leave undisturbed sound stumps, roots up to 75 mm (3 inches) diameter, and nonperishable solid objects minimum 900 mm (3 feet) below subgrade or finished embankment.

3. Do not leave material within the burial profile up to 1200 mm

(4 feet) below finished grade.

C. Trees and Shrubs:

1. Remove trees and shrubs, not shown for removal, within 4500 mm

(15 feet) of new construction and 2250 mm (7’-6”) of utility lines when approved in advance by the COR.

2. Remove materials from the Cemetery Property.

3. Protect from damage, existing trees and shrubs. Trim, clean, and paint existing trees and shrubs including the roots, according to standard industry horticultural practice for the geographic area and plant species.

4. Do not store materials closer to trees and shrubs to remain than the farthest extension of limbs.

D. Stripping Topsoil: Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, extend limits of earthwork operations anywhere the existing grade is filled or cut or where construction operations have compacted or otherwise disturbed the existing grade or turf. Strip topsoil within the limits of earthwork operations as specified above, unless specifically indicated or specified elsewhere in the specifications or shown on the drawings. Stockpile topsoil and protect as directed by the COR.

Eliminate foreign material larger than 0.014 cubic meter (1/2 cubic foot) in volume, from soil when stockpiled. Retain topsoil on station.

Remove foreign materials larger than 50 mm (2 inches) in any dimension from topsoil used in final grading. Do not excavate wet topsoil.

E. Disposal: All materials removed from the property shall be disposed of at a legally approved site, for the specific materials, and all

31 20 11 - 4 removals shall be in accordance with all applicable Federal, State, and local regulations. No burning of materials is permitted on site.

3.2 EXCAVATION

A. Site Earthwork:

1. Perform excavation as indicated on Drawings and as follows:

a. Remove and replace unsuitable subgrade materials, as determined by the COR.

2. Finished subgrade elevation as follows:

a. Planting and Lawn Areas: 100 mm (4 inches) below finished grade, unless otherwise specified or indicated on the Drawings.

3.3 FILLING AND BACKFILLING

A. General: Fill or backfill when all debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials have been removed from excavation. Proof-roll exposed subgrades with a fully loaded dump truck. Use excavated materials or borrow for fill and backfill, as applicable. Do not use unsuitable excavated materials.

B. Proofrolling Existing Subgrade: Proof roll with fully loaded dump truck. Make a minimum of one pass in each direction. Remove unstable uncompactable material and replace with granular fill material completed to mix requirements specified.

C. Placing: Place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm

(8 inches) loose depth and then compacted. Do not place material muddy, frozen, or with frost surfaces.

D. Compaction: Use approved equipment (hand or mechanical) to suit type of material compacted. Moisten or aerate material necessary to provide moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining specified compaction with equipment used. Compact each layer until there is no evidence of further compaction.

3.4 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas within limits specified, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth finished surface within specified tolerance. Provide uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are indicated, or between points and existing finished grades. Provide smooth transition between abrupt changes in slope.

3.5 LAWN AREAS

A. Finished Grading: Begin after rough grading has settled. Scarify subgrade surface areas 100 mm (4 inches) deep. Apply topsoil smooth, 31 20 11 - 5 even surface, and true grades minimum 100 mm (4 inches). Shape top and bottom of banks to form reverse curves in section; make junctions with undisturbed areas to conform to existing topography.

B. Fertilizing: Mix fertilizer into the soil 100 mm (4 inches) deep at a rate of 12 kg/100 m2 (25 pounds per 1000 square feet).

C. Sodding: Water topsoil lightly before laying sod. Tightly butt sod strips at the ends and stagger in a running bond fashion. Place sod strips running across slope from bottom to top. Secure sodded slopes by pegging or other approved methods. Roll sodded area not to exceed 225 kg/m (150 pounds per foot) of the roller width.

D. Watering: Upon completion in any one section, water thoroughly new sod pad and soil to a sufficient depth. COR will be responsible for sod after installation and acceptance.

3.6 DISPOSAL OF UNSUITABLE AND EXCESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. Disposal: Transport surplus satisfactory soil to designated storage areas on Cemetery property. Stockpile or spread soil as directed by

COR. Remove waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose off Cemetery property.

3.7 CLEANING

A. Upon completion of earthwork operations, clean areas within contract limits, remove tools, and equipment. Clean site, free of debris, and suitable for subsequent construction operations. Remove debris, rubbish, and excess material from the Cemetery Property.

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E. Standard Specifications of (Insert name of local state) State Department of Transportation, latest revision.