NRCS Soil Report.pdf

United States Department of Agriculture

A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants

Custom Soil Resource Report for

Somerset County, New Jersey

Natural Resources Conservation Service

August 12, 2024

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.

They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.

Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.

The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?

cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Contents Preface How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil Map

Soil Map Legend Map Unit Legend Map Unit Descriptions

Somerset County, New Jersey AmnrB—Amwell gravelly silt loam, rock substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes LbtB—Lansdowne silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes NemDb—Neshaminy-Mount Lucas silt loams, 12 to 18 percent slopes, very stony NeopB—Neshaminy variant silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes NeopC—Neshaminy variant silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes PbpAt—Parsippany silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded PeoB—Penn channery silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes PeoC—Penn channery silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes

References

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.

The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.

These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.

Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Soil Map

536600 536800 537000 537200 537400 537600 537800 538000 538200 538400 538600

536600 536800 537000 537200 537400 537600 537800 538000 538200 538400 538600

40° 40' 27'' N

4'

'' W 40° 40' 27'' N

2'

5' ' W

40° 39' 44'' N

4'

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40° 39' 44'' N

2'

5' ' W

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Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84 0 450 900 1800 2700

Feet 0 100 200 400 600

Meters Map Scale: 1:9,520 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet.

Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION

Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI)

Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons

Soil Map Unit Lines

Soil Map Unit Points

Special Point Features Blowout

Borrow Pit

Clay Spot

Closed Depression

Gravel Pit

Gravelly Spot

Landfill

Lava Flow

Marsh or swamp

Mine or Quarry

Miscellaneous Water

Perennial Water

Rock Outcrop

Saline Spot

Sandy Spot

Severely Eroded Spot

Sinkhole

Slide or Slip

Sodic Spot

Spoil Area

Stony Spot

Very Stony Spot

Wet Spot

Other

Special Line Features

Water Features Streams and Canals

Transportation Rails

Interstate Highways

US Routes

Major Roads

Local Roads

Background Aerial Photography

The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000.

Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL:

Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)

Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: Somerset County, New Jersey Survey Area Data: Version 21, Aug 29, 2023

Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Oct 9, 2022—Oct 16, The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend

Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI

AmnrB Amwell gravelly silt loam, rock substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes

3.2 2.3%

LbtB Lansdowne silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

0.0 0.0%

NemDb Neshaminy-Mount Lucas silt loams, 12 to 18 percent slopes, very stony

0.6 0.4%

NeopB Neshaminy variant silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

45.4 32.8%

NeopC Neshaminy variant silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes

19.5 14.1%

PbpAt Parsippany silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded

2.0 1.5%

PeoB Penn channery silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

56.0 40.5%

PeoC Penn channery silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes

11.7 8.5%

Totals for Area of Interest 138.4 100.0%

Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.

Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.

Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.

These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Somerset County, New Jersey

AmnrB—Amwell gravelly silt loam, rock substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1j50y Elevation: 100 to 1,100 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Amwell, rock substratum, and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Amwell, Rock Substratum

Setting Landform: Flats Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Loamy colluvium derived from igneous rock

Typical profile A - 0 to 3 inches: gravelly silt loam BA - 3 to 14 inches: gravelly silt loam Bt - 14 to 21 inches: clay loam Bx1 - 21 to 26 inches: loam Bx2 - 26 to 48 inches: fine sandy loam R - 48 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 18 to 30 inches to fragipan; 41 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 3.2 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F148XY026PA - Moist, High Base-Saturation, Upland, Mixed Oak

- Hickory - Conifer Forest

Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Neshaminy Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No

Mount lucas Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

LbtB—Lansdowne silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1lp87 Elevation: 30 to 900 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Lansdowne and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Lansdowne

Setting Landform: Flats Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Fine-loamy till derived from sandstone and shale over residuum weathered from sandstone and shale

Typical profile Ap - 0 to 7 inches: silt loam BA - 7 to 13 inches: silt loam

Bt - 13 to 45 inches: silty clay 2C - 45 to 60 inches: stratified sandy loam to channery silty clay R - 60 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 39 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 12 to 30 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 11.0 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F148XY025PA - Moist, Triassic, Upland, Mixed Oak - Hardwood -

Conifer Forest Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Annandale Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Ridges Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

Croton Percent of map unit: 4 percent Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes

Reaville, poorly drained Percent of map unit: 3 percent Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes

Bowmansville, frequently flooded Percent of map unit: 3 percent Landform: Flood plains Down-slope shape: Concave

Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: Yes

NemDb—Neshaminy-Mount Lucas silt loams, 12 to 18 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1j52c Elevation: 300 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Neshaminy, very stony, and similar soils: 55 percent Mount lucas, very stony, and similar soils: 40 percent Minor components: 5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Neshaminy, Very Stony

Setting Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Dark colored basic rocks or loamy residuum weathered from diabase

Typical profile A - 0 to 4 inches: silt loam E - 4 to 10 inches: silt loam BE - 10 to 14 inches: gravelly silt loam Bt - 14 to 46 inches: gravelly silt loam C - 46 to 80 inches: cobbly loam R - 80 to 90 inches: weathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 12 to 18 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 1.6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 48 to 80 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None

Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: F148XY026PA - Moist, High Base-Saturation, Upland, Mixed Oak

- Hickory - Conifer Forest Hydric soil rating: No

Description of Mount Lucas, Very Stony

Setting Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Dark colored basic rocks or loamy residuum weathered from diabase

Typical profile A - 0 to 8 inches: silt loam BA - 8 to 14 inches: silt loam Bt - 14 to 35 inches: silt loam C - 35 to 56 inches: cobbly loam R - 56 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 12 to 18 percent Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 1.6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 48 to 60 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 30 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F148XY026PA - Moist, High Base-Saturation, Upland, Mixed Oak

- Hickory - Conifer Forest Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Watchung, very stony Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave

Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes

NeopB—Neshaminy variant silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1j52d Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Neshaminy, fragipan, and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Neshaminy, Fragipan

Setting Landform: Washes Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Dark colored basic rocks or loamy residuum weathered from diabase

Typical profile Ap - 0 to 9 inches: silt loam BA - 9 to 15 inches: silt loam Bt1 - 15 to 25 inches: silt loam Bt2 - 25 to 32 inches: silt loam 2Bx - 32 to 40 inches: cobbly silt loam R - 40 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 26 to 37 inches to fragipan; 39 to 46 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 5.4 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified

Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F148XY026PA - Moist, High Base-Saturation, Upland, Mixed Oak

- Hickory - Conifer Forest Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Watchung Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes

Amwell, rock substratum Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Flats Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

NeopC—Neshaminy variant silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1j52f Elevation: 100 to 2,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Neshaminy, fragipan, and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Neshaminy, Fragipan

Setting Landform: Washes Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Dark colored basic rocks or loamy residuum weathered from diabase

Typical profile Ap - 0 to 9 inches: silt loam BA - 9 to 15 inches: silt loam Bt1 - 15 to 25 inches: silt loam Bt2 - 25 to 32 inches: silt loam 2Bx - 32 to 40 inches: cobbly silt loam R - 40 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 6 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 26 to 37 inches to fragipan; 39 to 46 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: High Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 5.4 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F148XY026PA - Moist, High Base-Saturation, Upland, Mixed Oak

- Hickory - Conifer Forest Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Watchung Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes

Amwell, rock substratum Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Flats Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

PbpAt—Parsippany silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1j501 Elevation: 150 to 220 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Parsippany, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Parsippany, Frequently Flooded

Setting Landform: Lake terraces Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Fine glaciolacustrine deposits derived from basalt, shale and granitic gneiss material

Typical profile Oi - 0 to 1 inches: slightly decomposed plant material A1 - 1 to 4 inches: silt loam A2 - 4 to 7 inches: silt loam BAt - 7 to 11 inches: silty clay loam Btg1 - 11 to 17 inches: silty clay loam Btg2 - 17 to 22 inches: silty clay Bt1 - 22 to 32 inches: silty clay Bt2 - 32 to 36 inches: silty clay BCg - 36 to 41 inches: fine sandy loam Cg1 - 41 to 53 inches: loamy fine sand Cg2 - 53 to 64 inches: loamy sand

Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Drainage class: Poorly drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: D Ecological site: F148XY031PA - Hydric, Triassic, Riparian Zone, Swamp Meadow-

Shrub-Forest Hydric soil rating: Yes

Minor Components

Great piece Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Outwash plains Landform position (three-dimensional): Talf Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: Yes

PeoB—Penn channery silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1j52v Elevation: 250 to 1,300 feet Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Penn and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Penn

Setting Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from acid reddish shale, siltstone, and fine-grain sandstone

Typical profile Ap - 0 to 9 inches: channery silt loam Bt - 9 to 22 inches: channery silt loam C - 22 to 30 inches: very channery loam R - 30 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 2 to 6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 39 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high

(0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.2 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F148XY022PA - Dry, Triassic, Upland, Mixed Oak Heath / Oak-

Pine Woodland Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Bucks Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No

Klinesville Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Hills Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No

Reaville Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Interfluves Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

PeoC—Penn channery silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 1j52w Elevation: 250 to 1,300 feet

Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 64 inches Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 79 degrees F Frost-free period: 131 to 178 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Penn and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Penn

Setting Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from acid reddish shale, siltstone, and fine-grain sandstone

Typical profile Ap - 0 to 8 inches: channery silt loam Bt - 8 to 20 inches: channery silt loam C - 20 to 25 inches: very channery silt loam R - 25 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 6 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 39 inches to lithic bedrock Drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high

(0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 3.5 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: F148XY022PA - Dry, Triassic, Upland, Mixed Oak Heath / Oak-

Pine Woodland Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Readington Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Hillsides Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

Klinesville Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No

Reaville Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Interfluves Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No

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References