BLM_AMFO_Crude_Helium_Pipeline_CP_Inspection_Evaluation_Report_-_20220720_0003.pdf

CRUDE HELIUM PIPELINE ANNUAL

INSPECTION EVALUATION REPORT

CHEU TO BUSHTON AND LATERALS,

2022 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM

ANNUAL INSPECTION BY S&B SERVICES

20 July 2022

Prepared For: Mr. David Slade dslade@blm.gov

BLM OC-NOC SVC & SUPPLY SEC (OC663)

DENVER FEDERAL CENTER

BLDG. 50

PO Box 25047

DENVER, CO 80225

Prepared By: Mr. Jonathan Elder, P.E.

CP3 - Cathodic Protection Technologist

J.D. Engineering, LLC jelder@jdengr.com

(806) 543-3419

3295 Bronco Road

Wolfforth, TX 79382

FedConnect Solicitation:

S&B Services Project:

140L0620Q0008

140L0620P0008

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection Annual Inspection i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In the month of May 2022, S&B Services conducted an annual inspection of the Crude Helium

Enrichment Unit (CHEU), Potter County, Texas to OneOK LP Processing Facility, Bushton, Kansas, crude helium pipeline cathodic protection system on behalf of the Bureau of Land

Management (BLM), Amarillo Field Office (AMFO) which is in responsible charge of the pipeline. The effort is in response to the BLM-AMFO’s Fed Connect solicitation

140L0620Q0008.

The pipeline has been in service since the early 1960’s and transports a mixture of 75% helium and 25% nitrogen gas from the Amarillo CHEU to the OneOK LP Processing Facility and other customers along its route. The pipeline operates between 600 and 1,500-psi, has an 1,800-psi maximum allowable operating pressure, and consists of 187.5 miles of 8-inch, 227-miles of 4-inch, and 12-miles of 3-inch coal tar-asbestos coated, carbon steel mains in five segments, approximately 425-miles in total.

S&B Services was contracted by the BLM-AMFO to conduct an annual inspection of the impressed current cathodic protection system that serves the BLM-AMFO pipeline. Between the dates of 12 May and 20 May 2022, S&B Services collected pipe-to-soil potential measurements at

307 cathodic protection test points, additional pipe-to-soil measurements at 48 pipeline appurtenances including casing and above-ground valves, evaluated the performance of 10 rectifiers, and checked the performance of resistance bonds at 12 locations which included 6 critical bonds although the status of 2 other bonds could not be determined and may also be critical.

J.D. Engineering, LLC reviewed the pipeline cathodic protection system inspection performed by

S&B Services and concludes in the following report that the inspection was fully successful and meets the requirements of the scope of work provided by BLM-AMFO. Furthermore, several system vulnerabilities and potential improvements are identified in this report as a result of detailed analysis of the data collected by S&B Services which includes remediation of certain test points, installation of additional test points which include direct current density measurement capability, troubleshooting of various sites, and completing over-the-line field surveys to uniformly evaluate the pipeline’s electrolytic environment across its entire span.

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. I

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... III

LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... IV

CRUDE HELIUM PIPELINE ANNUAL INSPECTION EVALUATION REPORT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK

1.2 PIPELINE DESCRIPTION

1.3 PIPELINE SEGMENTS

1.4 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM

2.0 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS

2.1 SEGMENT 1: AMARILLO CHEU TO SATANTA, KANSAS

2.2 SEGMENT 2: SATANTA, KS TO BUSHTON, KS

2.3 SEGMENT 3: SHER-HAN LATERAL

2.4 SEGMENT 4: NATIONAL LATERAL

2.5 SEGMENT 5: JAYHAWK LATERAL

2.6 RECTIFIERS

3.0 DATA INTERPRETATION AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 CATHODIC PROTECTION CRITERIA

3.2 100 MV CATHODIC POLARIZATION

3.3 -850 MV “ON” CRITERIA

3.4 “IR” CONSIDERATION

3.5 PIPELINE CATHODIC PROTECTION CURRENT REQUIREMENT

3.6 BLM RECTIFIER INSTALLATIONS

4.0 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

APPENDICES

A1.0 DATA: TEST POINT, BOND, AND APPURTENANCE MEASUREMENTS

A1.1 SEGMENT 1: AMARILLO CHEU TO SATANTA, KS

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection iii

A1.2 SEGMENT 2: SATANTA, KS TO BUSHTON, KS

A1.3 SEGMENT 3: SHER-HAN LATERAL

A1.4 SEGMENT 4: NATIONAL LATERAL

A1.5 SEGMENT 5: JAYHAWK LATERAL

A2.0 DATA: CATHODIC PROTECTION RECTIFIER PERFORMANCE

A3.0 REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: BLM-AMFO, CHEU to Bushton, Pipeline Table of Segments

Table 2: BLM-AMFO, CHEU to Bushton, Pipeline Table of Segments

Table 3: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 1

Table 4: Bonds, Segment 1

Table 5: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 1

Table 6: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 2

Table 7: List of Bonds: Segment 2

Table 8: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 2

Table 9: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 3

Table 10: List of Bonds: Segment 3

Table 11: Recomm ended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 3

Table 12: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 4

Table 13: List of Bonds: Segment 4

Table 14: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 3

Table 15: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 3

Table 16: List of Bonds: Segment 5

Table 17: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 5

Table 18: BLM Helium Line Cathodic Protection Rectifiers

Table 19: Cliffside Center Camp Rectifier Performance

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection iv

Table 20: Excell Masterson Rectifier Performance

Table 21: Sher-Han Stratford Takeoff Rectifier Performance

Table 22: Keyes Rectifier Performance

Table 23: Satanta Rectifier Performance

Table 24: Cimarron Rectifier Performance

Table 25: Jetmore Rectifier Output

Table 26: Rozel Rectifier Performance

Table 27: Otis Rectifier Performance

Table 28: BOC Rectifier Performance

Table 29: Pipeline Current Requirement, Case 1: 99.5% Coating Effectiveness

Table 30: Pipeline Current Requirement, Case 2: 98% Coating Effectiveness

Table 31: Pipeline Current Requirement, Case 3: 90% Coating Effectiveness

Table 32: S&B Services 2022 Supplemental & Replacement Rectifier Installations

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1a: Segment 1 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 2a: Segment 2 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 3: Segment 3 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 4: Segment 3 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 5: Segment 5 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 6: The Cliffside Center Camp Rectifier

Figure 7: The Excell Masterson Rectifier

Figure 8: The Sher-Han Stratford Rectifier

Figure 9: The Keyes Rectifier

Figure 10: The Satanta Rectifier

Figure 11: The Cimarron Rectifier

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection v

Figure 12: The Jetmore Rectifier

Figure 13: The Rozel Rectifier

Figure 14: The Otis Rectifier

Figure 15: The BOC Rectifier

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 1

CRUDE HELIUM PIPELINE ANNUAL INSPECTION

EVALUATION REPORT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report provides a summary and analysis of the data collected by Mr. Steven Osborn, of S&B

Services in response to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Amarillo Field Office’s (AMFO) requirement to conduct bimonthly and annual surveys of the cathodic protection (CP) system that protects approximately 425-miles of early-1960s era carbon steel, coal tar-asbestos coated pipeline with an 1,800-psi maximum allowable operating pressure under Federal Solicitation

140L0620Q0008.

The pipeline is used to transport a 75%/25% mixture of crude helium and nitrogen gas from the

BLM’s Crude Helium Enrichment Unit (CHEU) in Potter County, Texas, to a OneOK LP

Processing Facility in Bushton, Kansas in addition to other customers along the pipeline’s route.

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work (SOW) for the BLM-AMFO’s contract with S&B Services includes both bi-monthly and annual CP system inspections. This report is written in review of the 2022 annual inspection which was conducted between the 12th of May and the 20th of May 2022.

The BLM’s requirements include, “taking readings, measuring rectifier outputs, and critical bond locations to identify potential problems with the CP system and recommend maintenance or repairs to the system.” [1] The Government requires qualified and experienced personnel to collect and perform inspections of the system and its components, and for data analysis and interpretation to be conducted by an individual with a National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) CP3, Cathodic Protection Technologist certification.

An additional, one-time task completed with the 2020 annual inspection required the application of numbering to all the CP test points with 1/2-inch stamped, metal lettering for both main-line segments and the three lateral lines. S&B Services was instructed to “verify all GPS coordinates for all CP test points, rectifiers, and critical bonds,” and to provide, “an updated listing of GPS data with the annual survey report.” [1]

The government furnished the necessary minimum of information to commence CP system inspection, and the data analysis and interpretation was completed by J.D. Engineering, LLC. The

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 2 government considers an annual survey to be successful if the “contractor successfully records readings at 85% or more of the test points and rectifiers, and 100% of the critical bonds listed in the appropriate survey form.” [1] During the 2022 survey, S&B Services exceeded the SOW requirement by evaluating 100% of the bonds (12 total) and 96.5% (307 of the 318) of the enumerated test points. Eight (8) of the missed test points could not be evaluated due to broken pipeline test lead connections, so the actual evaluation included 99.1% (315 of 318) of the test points. Additional, non-mandatory measurements were collected at 48 pipeline appurtenances.

1.2 PIPELINE DESCRIPTION

The BLM-AMFO CHEU’s pipeline system is broken into five segments which are listed below.

The pipeline was installed in the early 1960’s, has a coal tar-asbestos coating, a maximum allowable operating pressure of 1,800-psi, and operates between 600- and 1,500-psi. The first

187.5-mile segment, Amarillo CHEU to Satanta is constructed from 8.625-in diameter, 0.250-in wall thickness (WT), X46 grade carbon steel while the Satanta to Bushton segment as well as the

Sher-Han and National laterals are constructed of 4.5-in diameter, 0.219-in WT, grade B carbon steel. The Jayhawk lateral is a 3.5-in diameter, 0.188-in WT, grade B carbon steel line. The construction specification calls for increased pipe wall thickness at water crossing locations.

The pipeline segment information is summarized in Table 1 along with additional detail including the percentage of specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) at which each segment operates when the pipeline is at a gauge pressure of 1,800-psi. The BLM-AMFO is not required to operate the pipeline under the requirements of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration’s, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 192 since it transports an inert gas. The pipeline design and construction was completed in compliance with the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers B31.8 Code for Pressure Piping, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.

1.3 PIPELINE SEGMENTS

The following table summarizes the two mainline segments – Amarillo CHEU to Satanta, KS, and

Satanta, KS to Bushton, KS – and its three branch lines, the Sher-Han, National, and Jayhawk laterals.

Table 1: BLM-AMFO, CHEU to Bushton, Pipeline Table of Segments

Segment Mile Post

(mi) Length

(mi) Diameter

(in)

Wall

Thickness (in)

Material

Grade (psi)

%SMYS

(1,500 psi)

1. Amarillo CHEU to

Satanta

0.0 to 187.5 187.5 8.625 0.250 46000 67.5%

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 3

2. Satanta to Bushton

187.5 to

354.8

169.1 4.5 0.219 35000 52.8%

3. Sher-Han Lateral S0.0 to

S37.7

37.7 4.5 0.219 35000 52.8%

4. National Lateral N0.0 to

N23.1

23.1 4.5 0.219 35000 52.8%

5. Jayhawk Lateral J0.0 to J12.2 12.2 3.5 0.188 35000 47.9%

1.4 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM

Attachment 6 of the 140L0620Q0008 solicitation SOW provided by the BLM-AMFO is the

Annual Survey Form to be completed and updated by S&B Services. The form is an Excel spreadsheet which contains the CP system components shown in Table 2.

Table 2: BLM-AMFO, CHEU to Bushton, Pipeline Table of Segments

Segment Test

Points Appurtenances Rectifiers Bonds

1. Amarillo CHEU to

Satanta 126 26 5 6

2. Satanta to Bushton 146 22 5 2

3. Sher-Han Lateral 16 3 0 1

4. National Lateral 17 4 0 2

5. Jayhawk Lateral 13 2 0 1

Total 318 57 10 12

S&B Services successfully sampled 96.5% (307 of 318) test points easily exceeding the 85% requirement specified in the SOW for this effort [1] but with additional readings taken at 48 various appurtenances across the line. All bonds (100%) and all eleven (10) rectifiers (100%) were tested during the annual survey.

2.0 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEM DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS

During the period of May 12th to May 20th, 2022, Mr. Steven Osborn collected data along the pipeline route at test points, appurtenances, bonds, and rectifiers. The complete data set is

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 4 presented in the appendices to the report. Appendix A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and

Appurtenance Measurements is the BLM SOW Annual Survey Form (Attachment 6) and is supplemented by the nonmandatory Appendix A2.0, Data: Cathodic Protection Rectifier

Performance. The following paragraphs summarize the results of the annual survey and highlight noteworthy CP system evaluation results.

Weather conditions can have a significant although transient effect on cathodic protection performance. Rainfall or another moisture source will increase electrolyte activity by decreasing soil resistivity and contact resistance. It can also fill casings with electrolyte by penetrating failed seals which requires additional CP current to achieve equivalent protection. The additional current requirements, when unfulfilled, lead to decreased pipeline polarization and more positive structure-to-electrolyte potential measurements. The weather conditions during the CP system evaluation are real and, although transient, they reflect upon the actual state of the system. The spring of 2022 was abnormally dry, which will result in an optimistic snapshot of the system performance.

2.1 SEGMENT 1: AMARILLO CHEU TO SATANTA, KANSAS

This 187.5-mile segment of 8-inch pipeline is protected by the Cliffside, Excell Masterson, Sher-

Han Stratford, Keyes, and Satanta rectifiers. It has 126 numbered test points in addition to 26 appurtenances and 6 bonds. The data collected at these sites is presented graphically in Paragraph

2.1.2.

2.1.1 Notable Results: Segment 1

For reasons explained in Paragraph 3.1, Cathodic Protection Criteria, any CP pipe-to-soil “on” read taken without knowledge of the pipeline’s free corrosion potential (static/depolarized potential) should be verified when it is more positive than -900 mVCSE. Of the 138 measurements taken along these 187.5 miles of pipeline, 89 or 65% fell below this threshold. These sites, colored in red under the “P/S (DC)” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance

Measurements, should be tested to ensure no less than 100 mV of polarization exists to achieve minimum adequate protection.

The casing potential measurement at many locations is more electropositive than expected.

Possible causes include cracked or disconnected test leads, foreign current source interference, and electrolytic or metallic shorting between the casing and carrier pipe. 22 sites show potential measurements more electropositive than -250 mVCSE. These sites, colored in red under the “C/S

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 5

(DC)” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance Measurements, should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the electropositive readings.

The casing potential measurement at many locations is also more electronegative than expected.

Possible causes include foreign current sources and electrolytic or metallic shorts in cased crossings. 13 sites show potential measurements more electronegative than -500 mVCSE. These sites, colored in red under the “C/S (DC)” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and

Appurtenance Measurements, should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the low readings.

Table 3: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 1

Criteria Measurements Meets Criteria Fails Criteria

On P/S > -0.900 mVCSE 138 49 89

Case/For’gn > -0.250 mVCSE 112 99 13

Case/For’gn < -0.500 mVCSE 112 90 12

Segment 1 includes 6 bond sites with inspection summary results shown in Table 4. The previously reported bond at milepost 1.2 was retired in early 2022 when the Cliffside Center Camp rectifier was abandoned and replaced with the replacement Cliffside Plant unit which brought the bond count for this pipe segment down from seven (7) to six (6). The two (2) EPNG bonds at milepost 29.9 are not clearly labeled and cannot be confirmed as critical or non-critical.

The potential differences measured between the BLM Helium Line and Foreign structures in the

“ON” condition at several bond locations are large enough to provoke concern. When the instant-off potential of two pipelines are different, one structure tends to discharge current to the other and corrosion will occur. A difference in the “ON” potential measurement of two structures does not always imply a corresponding difference in polarized potential (instant-OFF) but when a substantial difference exists, it is prudent to perform a confirmatory investigation. The variable resistors placed between the structure and foreign lines should be adjusted to equalize the instant-

OFF potentials to the extent possible. Recommendations are provided in Table 5 of paragraph

2.1.3.

Table 4: Bonds, Segment 1

Description Mile Post (mi)

Pipeline

Reading (VDC)

Foreign

Reading (VDC) Critical

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 6

Bond at BLM TS 1 (retired) 1.2 -0.851 -1.401 N/A

Lenorman Bond 13.6 -0.921 -0.472 No

TS 11 EPNG Bond 29.9 -1.208 -1.678 Unclear

TS 12 EPNG Bond 29.9 -1.208 -0.024 Unclear

WTG Bond A 72.8 -0.986 -0.235 Yes

WTG Bond B 72.8 -0.899 -0.358 Yes

2.1.2 Data Graphs: Segment 1

The following figures provide a visual representation of the data collected across Segment 1. The x-axis is a “Point Index” where each test station, appurtenance, or any data collection site is assigned an index number and presented sequentially from lowest pipeline milepost to highest.

The red dashed line corresponds with the -900 mVCSE criteria. Vertical dashed green lines correspond with the presence of a rectifier or lighter green dashed lines, a proposed rectifier not yet active. The pipe-to-soil (P/S) potentials of the BLM Helium line are in blue, green, and grey for the years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, while the casing-to-soil (C/S) potentials are represented by triangles matching the survey year colors. Bonds are shown as brown vertical dashed lines.

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

P/S, 2022 P/S, 2021 P/S, 2020 C/S, 2022 C/S, 2021

C/S, 2020 Bonds Rectifiers, Existing Rectifiers, Proposed -900 mV Criteria

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 7

Figure 1a: Segment 1 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 1b: Segment 1 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 1c: Segment 1 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

P/S, 2022 P/S, 2021 P/S, 2020 C/S, 2022 C/S, 2021

C/S, 2020 Bonds Rectifiers, Existing Rectifiers, Proposed -900 mV Criteria

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 8

Figure 1d: Segment 1 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

2.1.3 Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 1

Any site that does not meet the criteria specified in Table 3 should be considered for troubleshooting and remediation but the sites in Table 5 stand out as those that merit unique attention. Many sites are suspected of having broken test leads which are listed below and should be scheduled for repair, but the sites first listed were chosen based on a potentially harmful indication around interference current, bond effectiveness, dangerous electrolytic or metallic casing shorts, or base P/S and/or C/S potentials measurements.

Table 5: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 1

Description Mile Post Finding

Sher-Han TO Bond 75.9

The Sher-Han TO/Stratford rectifier located at milepost 75.9 has two negative leads, one to the mainline, and the second to the Sher-

Han/Stratford lateral. In case of effective isolation and an ineffective or partially effective bond across MLV 8 and/or 9, a strong interference current path may exist. This condition should be verified and corrected as soon as practicable. The structure-to-electrolyte potentials to the south of milepost 75.9 support this concern however, if the isolation across the

MLV has failed there may be no active issue as the metallic path to the

Sher-Han TO / Stratford Rectifier is unobstructed.

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 9

Description Mile Post Finding

IACX Booster

Station Interference, BLM TS 13 to 23

33.3 to 36.0

S&B Services discovered depressed readings from BLM TS 13 to 23.

Their 2021 investigation indicates the rectifier at the IACX booster station may be an important current source for the BLM Crude Helium line as a portable rectifier temporarily activated at that location caused an improvement in “ON” P/S readings of up to 350 mVCSE. Additional investigation is required and isolation between the government and foreign line should be checked. A bond should be installed and the IACX Booster rectifier should be listed as a current source for the line.

Segment 1 Bonds 29.9, and

72.8

The possible critical bonds at milepost 29.9 (two at this location), and 72.8

(two at this location) have substantial differences in “ON” P/S potential relative to the foreign operator’s line that indicate a potentially damaging imbalance between the BLM Crude Helium line and the foreign structure.

See explanation in section 2.1.1, paragraph 5, page 5. The instant off potential between the BLM and foreign lines should be checked and balanced as required.

Segment 1 Foreign

Line Crossings

45.4, 148.6, 169.7, 180.7, 181.3

The influence from foreign lines is apparent at several locations along the pipeline including milepost 35.0, 45.4, 115.2, 116.0, 130.1, 148.6, 169.7, 180.7, and 181.3. To determine if the influence is injurious, a 100-ft close interval survey should be conducted to either side of the crossing. The first five locations for further investigation should be milepost 45.4, 148.6, 169.7, 180.7, and 181.3.

Segment 1 Casings Numerous

Several casings along the line have a variety of trouble indications and the twenty (20) locations listed should be tested to verify their condition. In some cases, the P/S potential falls while the C/S potential increases which may indicate an electrolytic or, worse, a metallic short. These sites should be prioritized first for testing and remediation. The locations include milepost 19, 36, 45.7, 48.8, 53.7, 72.82, 109.1, 115.1, 130, 130.05, 143.7, 161, 165.2, 173.7, 174.3, 187.6, 190.8, 192.65, 196.3, and 201.8.

Segment 1 Test

Station Defects Numerous

Twenty-one (21) test station measurements do not match any realistic field condition. It is likely these locations have damaged test leads, and they should be tested and repaired. The locations include milepost 7.5, 19.4,

34.4 (two at this location), 43.8, 102.2, 104.65, 105.3, 125.6, 174.31, 179.8, 183.9, 224.9, 230.9 (five at this location), 266.1, 312.51, and 345.1.

2.2 SEGMENT 2: SATANTA, KS TO BUSHTON, KS

This 169.1-mile segment of 4-inch pipe is protected by the Satanta, Cimarron, Jetmore, Rozel, and

Otis rectifiers, and is influenced by the BOC rectifier. It has 146 numbered test points in addition to 22 appurtenances, and it has 2 bonds. The data collected at these sites is presented graphically in Paragraph 2.2.2.

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 10

2.2.1 Notable Results: Segment 2

For reasons explained in Paragraph 3.1, Cathodic Protection Criteria, any CP pipe-to-soil “on” read taken without knowledge of the pipeline’s free corrosion potential (static/depolarized potential) should be verified when it is more positive than -900 mVCSE. Of the 163 measurements taken along these 169.1 miles of pipeline, 52 or 32% did not meet this threshold. These sites, colored in red under the “-900 mVCSE Criteria” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and

Appurtenance Measurements, should be tested to ensure no less than 100 mV of polarization exists to achieve minimum adequate protection.

The casing potential measurement at many locations is more electropositive than expected.

Possible causes include cracked or disconnected test leads, foreign current source interference, and electrolytic or metallic shorting between the casing and carrier pipe. 11 sites or 7.6% show potential measurements more electropositive than -250 mVCSE. These sites, colored in red under the “C/S (DC)” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance Measurements, should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the electropositive readings.

The casing potential measurement at many locations is also more electronegative than expected.

Possible causes include foreign current sources and electrolytic or metallic shorts in cased crossings. 50 or 35% sites show potential measurements more electronegative than -500 mVCSE.

These sites, colored in red under the “Casing/Foreign Reading” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance Measurements, should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the low readings.

Table 6: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 2

Criteria Measurements Meets Criteria Fails Criteria

On P/S > -0.900 mVCSE 163 111 52

Case/For’gn < -0.500 mVCSE 145 95 50

Case/For’gn > -0.250 mVCSE 145 134 11

The data shows two bond sites with summary results shown in Table 7. The bond at milepost

317.0 was found to be non-critical as current is being returned to the BLM through the bond, and the P/S potentials become more electropositive at the conjunction. The Bushton Bond is operating in the reverse of this and is critical to the BLM. The Bushton OneOK plant rectifier via this critical

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 11 bond is an important current source that may be influencing as much as the last 25-miles of the pipeline.

Table 7: List of Bonds: Segment 2

Description Mile Post (mi) Pipeline

Reading (VCSE)

Foreign

Reading (VCSE) Critical

Otis Bond #5 317.0 -0.751 -0.732 No

Bushton Bond #3 354.8 -1.136 -1.118 Yes

2.2.2 Data Graphs: Segment 2

The following figures provide a visual representation of the data collected across Segment 2. The x-axis is a “Point Index” where each test station, appurtenance, or any data collection site is assigned an index number and presented sequentially from lowest pipeline milepost to highest.

The red dashed line corresponds with the -900 mVCSE criteria. Vertical dashed green lines correspond with the presence of a rectifier or lighter green dashed lines, a proposed rectifier not yet active. The pipe-to-soil (P/S) potentials of the BLM Helium line are in blue, green, and grey for the years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, while the casing-to-soil (C/S) potentials are represented by triangles matching the survey year colors. Bonds are shown as brown vertical dashed lines.

Figure 2a: Segment 2 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 154 159 164 169 174 179 184 189 194 199

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 12

Figure 2b: Segment 2 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

Figure 2c: Segment 2 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 201 206 211 216 221 226 231 236 241

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

P/S, 2022 P/S, 2021 P/S, 2020 C/S, 2022 C/S, 2021

C/S, 2020 Bonds Rectifiers, Existing Rectifiers, Proposed -900 mV Criteria

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 241 246 251 256 261 266 271 276 281 286

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 13

Figure 2d: Segment 2 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

2.2.3 Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 2

Any site that does not meet the criteria specified in Table 3 should be considered for troubleshooting and remediation but the sites in Table 8 stand out as those that merit unique attention. Many sites are suspected of having broken test leads which are listed below and should be scheduled for repair, but the sites first listed were chosen based on a potentially harmful indication around interference current, bond effectiveness, dangerous electrolytic or metallic casing shorts, or base P/S and/or C/S potentials measurements.

Table 8: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 2

Description Mile Post Finding

BLM TS 128 187.6

Although 0.1 miles from the Satanta CPRECT, there is a strong depression at this site which is in conjunction with a depression on the Jayhawk TS J1 at the same location. The P/S potentials on the main line do not reach the -0.900 VCSE potential criteria for over 20 miles past this point. Once corrected, the current output of the Satanta rectifier should be increased to improve the P/S potentials over the first 20 miles towards Otis.

Otis Bond, MLV 26 317.0

A significant amount of current return at this bond site is diminishing the reach of the Otis rectifier to the detriment of the P/S potentials from milepost 315.8 to 329.8. An investigation should be conducted to determine if the BOC

CPRECT can be turned up or if the bond resistance can be increased to improve the current distribution through this area.

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 290 295 300 305 310 315 320

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 14

Otis to Bushton 317.0 to 354.8

The Otis rectifier is the last current source between Satanta and

Bushland and is called upon to protect 37.8 miles of main although a significant portion of its output appears to be returned at the milepost 317.0 bond. The current protecting the remainder of the line appears to be coming from the OneOK

Bushton terminal. A BLM owned current source should be installed in this area, possibly near Hoisington.

Segment 2 Bonds 317.0, 354.8

The two bonds in Segment 2 appear to be working normally, and although the bond at 317.0 is a drain of current and is harmful to current distribution across the line, there is no data that indicates a problem. A confirmatory step of measuring the instant-OFF P/S potential of both lines could validate the healthy condition of the bond. The bond with the OneOK

Bushton plant at milepost 354.8 is a critical current source for the tail end of the line.

Segment 2 Foreign Line

Crossings

201.8, 203.0, 228.3

The influence from foreign lines is apparent at several locations along the pipeline including milepost 201.8, 203.0, and 228.3. To determine if the influence is injurious, a 100-ft close interval survey should be conducted to either side of the crossing.

Segment 2 Casings 187.6 to 354.8

Thirty (30) or more casings across the Segment 2 mainline exhibit indications of electrolytic or metallic short. C/S potentials in excess of -0.800 VCSE occur at six (6) locations, and P/S and C/S differential potentials of less than 100 mV were recorded at six (6) locations. A cased crossing assessment and maintenance plan should be developed to evaluate and resolve these harmful conditions. The locations of primary concern include milepost 187.6, 192.5, 192.7, 233.9, 317.8, and 324.8. The three-year data shows a tremendously clear metallic short at milepost 233.9 which is not only made more severe by the close proximity of the

Cimarron rectifier, it is also diminishing the reach of that current source.

Segment 2 Test Station

Defects Numerous

Nine (9) test station measurements do not match any realistic field condition. It is likely these locations have damaged test leads, and they should be tested and repaired. The locations include milepost 187.6, 207.4, 217.9, 224.9, 240.9, 251.9, 266.1, 312.5, and 345.1.

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 15

2.3 SEGMENT 3: SHER-HAN LATERAL

The Sher-Han Lateral is a 37.7 mile, 4-inch pipeline with 16 numbered test points, 3 appurtenances, and a single bond. Its only current source is the Sher-Han rectifier. The data collected at these sites is presented graphically in Paragraph 2.3.2.

2.3.1 Notable Results: Segment 3

For reasons explained in Paragraph 3.1, Cathodic Protection Criteria, any CP pipe-to-soil “on” read taken without knowledge of the pipeline’s free corrosion potential (static/depolarized potential) should be verified when it is more positive than -900 mVCSE. Of the 20 measurements taken along these 37.7 miles of pipeline, 13 or 65% did not meet this threshold. These sites, colored in red under the “-900 mVCSE Criteria” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and

Appurtenance Measurements, should be tested to ensure no less than 100 mV of polarization exists to achieve minimum adequate protection.

The casing potential measurement at many locations is more electropositive than expected.

Possible causes include cracked or disconnected test leads, foreign current source interference, and, for casings, electrolytic or metallic shorting between the casing and carrier pipe. 1 site had a potential measurement more electropositive than -250 mVCSE. This site, colored in red under the

“C/S (DC)” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance Measurements, should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the electropositive readings.

The casing potential measurement at many locations across the pipeline is also more electronegative than expected. Possible causes include foreign current sources and electrolytic or metallic shorts in cased crossings. One (1) site had a potential measurement more electronegative than -500 mVCSE. This site, colored in red under the “C/S (DC)” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance Measurements, should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the low readings.

Table 9: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 3

Criteria Measurements Meets Criteria Fails Criteria

On P/S > -0.900 mVCSE 20 7 13

Case/For’gn < -0.500 mVCSE 12 11 1

Case/For’gn > -0.250 mVCSE 12 11 1

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 16

The Sher-Han Lateral has a single bond as shown in Table 4. The bond is located at milepost 37.7.

The bond was found to be critical as the P/S potential measurements become more negative as they approach the bond site indicating current is being drained from the BLM Crude Helium Line to the Sher-Han facility.

Table 10: List of Bonds: Segment 3

Description Mile Post (mi) Pipeline

Reading (VCSE)

Foreign

Reading (VCSE)

Bond S37.7 -1.215 -1.623 Yes

2.3.2 Data Graphs: Segment 3

The following figures provide a visual representation of the data collected across Segment 3. The x-axis is a “Point Index” where each test station, appurtenance, or any data collection site is assigned an index number and presented sequentially from lowest pipeline milepost to highest.

The red dashed line corresponds with the -900 mVCSE criteria. Vertical dashed green lines correspond with the presence of a rectifier. The pipe-to-soil (P/S) potentials of the BLM Helium line are in blue, green, and grey for the years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, while the casing-to-soil (C/S) potentials are represented by triangles matching the survey year colors. Bonds are shown as brown vertical dashed lines.

Figure 3: Segment 3 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

C/S, 2020 Rectifiers, Existing Bonds -900 mV Criteria

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 17

2.3.3 Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 3

Any site that does not meet the criteria specified in Table 3 should be considered for troubleshooting and remediation but the sites in Table 11 stand out as those that merit unique attention. Many sites are suspected of having broken test leads which are listed below and should be scheduled for repair, but the sites first listed were chosen based on a potentially harmful indication around interference current, bond effectiveness, dangerous electrolytic or metallic casing shorts, or base P/S and/or C/S potentials measurements.

Table 11: Recomm ended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 3

Description Mile Post Finding

Segment 3 Bonds S37.7

The critical bond at milepost S37.7 has a substantial difference in “ON” P/S potential relative to the DCP facility piping which indicates a potentially damaging imbalance between the BLM

Crude Helium line and the foreign structure. See explanation in section 2.1.1, paragraph 5, page 5. The instant off potential between the BLM and foreign lines should be checked and balanced as required.

Segment 3 Foreign Line

None

No foreign line crossings with other operators have been identified along this line segment and the data does not suggest any interfering current sources along the pipe segment.

Segment 3 Casings S3.8, S19.8

Two casings in this pipe segment merit testing to verify their condition. There may be a metallic or severe electrolytic short at milepost S3.8. The casing at milepost S19.8 shows an unusually electropositive measurement, but it has been stable in each of the last three years.

Segment 3 Test Station

S1.8, S3.8, S27.5

Four (4) test station measurements do not match any realistic field condition. It is likely these locations have damaged test leads, and they should be tested and repaired. The locations include milepost S1.8 (two at this location), S3.8, and S27.5.

2.4 SEGMENT 4: NATIONAL LATERAL

The National Lateral is a 23.1 mile, 4-inch pipeline with 17 numbered test points, 4 appurtenances, and 2 bonds. Its dominant current source is the Satanta rectifier. The data collected along this lateral is presented graphically in Paragraph 2.3.2.

2.4.1 Notable Results: Segment 4

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 18 read taken without knowledge of the pipeline’s free corrosion potential (static/depolarized potential) should be verified when it is more positive than -900 mVCSE. Of the 20 measurements taken along these 23.1 miles of pipeline, 5 or 25% did not meet this threshold. These sites, colored in red under the “-900 mVCSE Criteria” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance

Measurements, should be tested to ensure no less than 100 mV of polarization exists to achieve minimum adequate protection.

The casing potential measurement at many locations is more electronegative than expected.

Possible causes include foreign current sources and electrolytic or metallic shorts in cased crossings. Five (5) sites have a potential measurement more electronegative than -500 mVCSE.

These sites are colored in red under the “C/S (DC)” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and

Appurtenance Measurements, and should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the low reading.

Table 12: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 4

Criteria Measurements Meets Criteria Fails Criteria

On P/S > -0.900 mVCSE 20 15 5

Case/For’gn < -0.500 mVCSE 14 9 5

Case/For’gn > -0.250 mVCSE 14 14 0

The National Lateral has two bonds as shown in Table 10. The first bond is located at milepost

12.0 and the second is located at milepost 23.1. Both bonds were found to be critical.

Table 13: List of Bonds: Segment 4

Description Mile Post (mi) Pipeline

Reading (VCSE)

Foreign

Reading (VCSE) Critical

Bond 12.0 -1.233 -1.170 No

Bond @ DCP Plant 23.1 -1.316 Unavailable Yes

2.4.2 Data Graphs: Segment 4

The following figures provide a visual representation of the data collected across Segment 4 . The x-axis is a “Point Index” where each test station, appurtenance, or any data collection site is

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 19 assigned an index number and presented sequentially from lowest pipeline milepost to highest.

The red dashed line corresponds with the -900 mVCSE criteria. Vertical dashed green lines correspond with the presence of a rectifier. The pipe-to-soil (P/S) potentials of the BLM Helium line are in blue, green, and grey for the years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, while the casing-

Figure 4: Segment 3 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

2.4.3 Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 4

Any site that does not meet the criteria specified in Table 3 should be considered for troubleshooting and remediation but the sites in Table 14 stand out as those that merit unique attention. Many sites are suspected of having broken test leads which are listed below and should be scheduled for repair, but the sites first listed were chosen based on a potentially harmful indication around interference current, bond effectiveness, dangerous electrolytic or metallic casing shorts, or base P/S and/or C/S potentials measurements.

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 0 5 10 15 20

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 20

Table 14: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 3

BLM TS N9 12.0

The P/S measurement at this site was -1.068 VCSE while the potentials up and downstream of it are more negative. The

2021 P/S and C/S potentials of -1.403 VCSE and -1.377 VCSE indicate the presence of an electrolytic short but that may only be apparent during wet weather.

BLM TS N13 to N15 16.6 to 17.9

There may be a current pickup and discharge site between these two test points. A pipeline scar indicates a crossing may exist at GPS: 37.222518, -100.804844 or milepost 18.1. A coupon test station with bond and/or anode should be installed at the crossing if confirmed.

Segment 4 Bonds 23.1

A foreign structure potential measurement is not available for this year but, in previous years, the bond at the DCP plant appeared to be both effective and balanced.

Segment 4 Foreign Line

Crossings 12.0, 18.1

Two foreign line crossings are known to exist in this segment.

The first is the bond at milepost 12.0, and the second is an unspecified crossing at milepost 18.1. The nature of the influence is unclear for both bonds, and it is surprising that the milepost 12.0 bond was found non-critical. It would be prudent to confirm the non-injurious finding by completing a

100-ft close interval survey to either side of the crossings.

Segment 4 Casings N1.3, N6.1, N14.2, N23.1

Four (4) casings in this pipe segment merit testing to verify their condition as electrolytic shorts may exist. The most serious are at milepost N6.1 and N23.1. A cased crossing assessment and maintenance plan should be developed to evaluate and resolve these harmful conditions.

Segment 4 Test Station

N17.9, N23.1

Two (2) test station measurements do not match any realistic field condition. It is likely these locations have damaged test leads, and they should be tested and repaired. The locations include milepost N17.9, and N23.1.

2.5 SEGMENT 5: JAYHAWK LATERAL

The National Lateral is a 12.2 mile, 3-inch pipeline with 13 numbered test points, 1 appurtenance, and 1 bond. Its dominant current source is the Satanta rectifier. The data collected along this lateral is presented graphically in Paragraph 2.5.2.

2.5.1 Notable Results: Segment 5

read taken without knowledge of the pipeline’s free corrosion potential (static/depolarized

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 21 potential) should be verified when it is more positive than -900 mVCSE. Of the 15 measurements taken along these 12.2 miles of pipeline, 6 or 40% did not meet this threshold. These sites, colored in red under the “-900 mVCSE Criteria” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance

Measurements, should be tested to ensure no less than 100 mV of polarization exists to achieve minimum adequate protection.

The casing potential measurement at many locations is more electropositive than expected.

Possible causes include cracked or disconnected test leads, foreign current source interference, and, for casings, electrolytic or metallic shorting between the casing and carrier pipe. Two (2) sites or 18% have a potential measurement more electropositive than -250 mVCSE,and are colored in red under the “Casing/Foreign Reading” column of A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and

Appurtenance Measurements, and should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the electropositive readings.

The casing potential measurement at many locations across the pipeline is also more electronegative than expected. Possible causes include foreign current sources and electrolytic or metallic shorts in cased crossings. Three (3) sites or 27% have a potential measurement more electronegative than -500 mVCSE. These sites are colored in red under the “C/S (DC)” column of

A1.0, Data: Test Point, Bond, and Appurtenance Measurements, and should be investigated to determine and correct the cause of the low reading.

Table 15: Criterion Scorecard: Segment 3

Criteria Measurements Meets Criteria Fails Criteria

On P/S > -0.900 mVCSE 15 9 6

Case/For’gn < -0.500 mVCSE 11 8 3

Case/For’gn > -0.250 mVCSE 11 9 3

The Jayhawk Lateral has a single critical bond at milepost 12.2 where current is being returned to the Koch facility as shown in Table 16.

Table 16: List of Bonds: Segment 5

Description Mile Postv(mi) Pipeline

Reading (VCSE)

Foreign

Reading (VCSE)

Bond 12.2 -1.517 Unavailable Yes

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 22

2.5.2 Data Graphs: Segment 5

The following figures provide a visual representation of the data collected across Segment 5 .

The x-axis is a “Point Index” where each test station, appurtenance, or any data collection site is assigned an index number and presented sequentially from lowest pipeline milepost to highest.

The red dashed line corresponds with the -900 mVCSE criteria. Vertical dashed green lines correspond with the presence of a rectifier. The pipe-to-soil (P/S) potentials of the BLM Helium line are in blue, green, and grey for the years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, while the casing-

Figure 5: Segment 5 P/S-On Potential & C/S Potential

2.5.3 Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 5

Any site that does not meet the criteria specified in Table 3 should be considered for troubleshooting and remediation but the sites in Table 17 stand out as those that merit unique attention. There were no sites suspected of having broken test leads to be scheduled for repair, but the sites first listed were chosen based on a potentially harmful indication around interference current, bond effectiveness, dangerous electrolytic or metallic casing shorts, or base P/S and/or

C/S potentials measurements.

-2.000

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

P o te n ti al

(V D C

Point Index

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 23

Table 17: Recommended Troubleshooting Sites: Segment 5

BLM TS J8 J8.9

The P/S potential spikes at this location as though there is current pickup at or near milepost J8.9. A close interval survey should be completed between BLM TS J7 to J9 to confirm if there is a current discharge point associated with this pickup, or to confirm there is no issue.

Segment 5 Bonds J12.2

The critical bond at milepost J12.2 has shown a significant difference in “ON” P/S potential relative to the foreign facility piping which indicates a potentially damaging imbalance between the BLM Crude Helium line and the foreign structure.

See explanation in section 2.1.1, paragraph 5, page 5. The instant off potential between the BLM and foreign lines should be checked and balanced as required.

Segment 5 Foreign Line

None

No foreign line crossings have been identified along this line segment, but the data suggests a crossing may exist in the vicinity of TS J8.

Segment 5 Casings S3.8, S19.8

Seven (7) casings in this pipe segment merit testing to verify their condition. Electrolytic shorts may exist at J0.1, J10.9, and J11.9. The casings at mileposts J6.5, and J8.9 show an unusually electropositive measurement which should be investigated to ensure there may be broken test leads.

Segment 5 Test Station

None

There are no test stations whose measurements cannot be genuine, but the test stations at milepost J6.5 and J8.9 may be disconnected from the casing.

2.6 RECTIFIERS

Ten rectifiers serve the five segments of the BLM Helium Line with its three laterals. The following table summarizes their locations and performance information. Of note is the Satanta rectifier has five independent negative terminal connections serving the line and its laterals. The

Sher-Han TO Rectifier also supplies current to two terminals. The performance of the Boc foreign operator rectifier is monitored although, instead of a direct connection to the mainline, it interacts with the mainline through the Otis Bond #5 at milepost 317.0. The Cliffside / Center Camp rectifier was disconnected from the pipeline in 2022 when a new Cliffside unit was installed to replace it.

CHEU to Bushton, Helium Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Annual Inspection 24

Table 18: BLM Helium Line Cathodic Protection Rectifiers

Name Milepost Volts Amps Lat Long

Cliffside / Center Camp

0.0 1.3 0.0 N 35 21.254 W 101 59.572

Cliffside

0.0 2.8 8.3 N 35 21.309 W 101 59.606

Excell Masterson

19.8 14.7 4.2 N 35 37.833 W 101 58.656

Sher-Han TO / Stratford

76.0 9.2 6.4 N 35 37.833 W 101 58.656

Keyes

105.4 16.8 9.2 N 36 50.955 W 102 11.546

Satanta

187.0 33.8 8.2 N 37…