Trail_Specifications.pdf

STANDARD

SPECIFICATIONS FOR

CONSTRUCTION OF

TRAILS AND TRAIL

BRIDGES ON

FOREST SERVICE

PROJECTS

U.S. Customary Units

National Technology and Development Program

10/30/2014

Supersedes the 1996 Standard Specification for Construction and Maintenance of Trails

Table of Contents

Section

900. General Requirements

901. Terms, Format, Abbreviations, and Definitions

902. Intent of Contract

903. Control of Work

904. Control of Materials

905. Quality Assurance and Quantity of Measurement

906. Measurement and Payment

907. Mobilization

908. Construction Survey, Staking, Flagging and Cleanup

909. Maintenance for Traffic and Temporary Construction Access

909.10 Maintenance for Traffic

909.20 Temporary Construction Access

Construction Specifications

910. Trailway

911.00. Tread and Prism

911.10. Excavation and Embankment

911.20. Borrow

911.30. Existing Trail Restoration

911.40. Slide Maintenance

911.50. Slough and Berm Removal

911.60. Obliteration of Abandoned Trails

911.70. Retainers

912.00. Clearing Limits

912.10. Clearing and Grubbing

912.20. Brush Cutting

912.30. Logging Out

912.40. Hazard Tree Removal

912.50. Loose Rock Removal

912.60. Rock and Root Removal

913.00. Surfacing

913.10. Aggregate Surfacing and Base Course

913.20. Hot Asphalt Surfacing

913.30. Cold Asphalt Surfacing

913.40. Grid Unit Surfacing

913.50. Riprap Surfacing

913.60. Chunk Wood Surfacing

913.70. Imported Clay Surfacing

913.80. Surface Maintenance

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914.00. Climbing Turn

914.10. Climbing Turn

914.20. Climbing Turn Maintenance

915.00. Talus Section

915.10. Talus Section

915.20. Talus Section Maintenance

916.00. Turnout and Passing Section

916.10. Turnout and Passing Section

916.20. Turnout and Passing Section Maintenance

917.00. Fords

917.10. Natural Ford

917.20. Constructed Ford with Rock Structure

917.30. Constructed Ford with Log Structure

917.40. Stepping Stones

917.50. Ford Maintenance

918.00. Foundations

918.10. Rock Foundations

918.20. Gabion Basket Foundations

918.30. Crib Foundations

918.40. Geosynthetic Foundations

918.50. Corduroy Foundations

918.60. Foundation Maintenance

919. Reserved for Trailway Special Project Specifications

920. Drainage Structures

921.00. Culverts

921.10. Standard Culvert

921.20. Standard Culvert with Headwalls

921.30. Rock Culvert

921.40. Treated Timber Box Culvert

921.50. Open-Top Drain

921.60. Bottomless Arch Culvert

921.70. Log Culvert

921.80. Culvert Maintenance

922.00. Waterbars

922.10. Rock Waterbar

922.20. Log or Treated Timber Waterbar

922.30. Belted Waterbar

922.40. Waterbar Maintenance

923.00. Spillways

923.10. Rock Spillway

923.20. Rock Spillway Maintenance

924.00. Underdrains

924.10. Rock Underdrain

924.20. Sheet Underdrain

924.30 Underdrain Maintenance

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925.00. Ditches

925.10. Side Ditch

925.20. Leadoff Ditch

925.30. Ditch Maintenance

926.00. Berms

926.10. Berm

926.20. Berm Maintenance

927.00. Drain Dips

927.10. Drain Dip

927.20. Drain Dip Maintenance

928.00. Check Dams

928.10. Check Dam

928.20. Check Dam Maintenance

929. Reserved for Drainage Structures Special Project Specifications

930. Trail Structures

931.00. Switchbacks

931.10. Type 1 – Radius Switchback

931.20. Type 2 – Circular Landing Switchback

931.30. Type 3 – Rectangular Landing Switchback

931.40. Switchback Maintenance

932.00. Turnpikes

932.10. Type 1 – Standard Turnpike

932.20. Type 2 – Standard Turnpike with Foundation

932.30. Turnpike Maintenance

933.00. Side Barriers

933.10. Stacked Rock Barrier

933.20. Masonry Rock Barrier

933.30. Barrier Rail on Grade

933.40. Barrier Rail on Post

933.50. Curbs

933.60. Guardrail

933.70. Side Barrier Maintenance

934.00. Puncheons

934.10. Standard Puncheon

934.20. Puncheon Without Decking

934.30. Puncheon Maintenance

935.00. Retaining Walls

935.10. Log Crib

935.20. Stacked Rock Retaining Wall

935.30. Wire Basket Retaining Wall

935.40. Masonry Rock Retaining Wall

935.50. Cast-in-place Concrete Retaining Wall

935.60. Retaining Wall Maintenance

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936.00. Stairways

936.10. Individual Steps

936.20. Overlapping Steps

936.30. Crib Ladder

936.40. Staircase

936.50. Ladder

936.60. Stairway Maintenance

937.00. Railing System

937.10. Railing System

937.20. Railing System Maintenance

938.00. Boardwalks

938.10. Standard Boardwalk

938.20. Elevated Boardwalk

938.30. Step and Run

938.40. Boardwalk Maintenance

939. Reserved for Trail Structures Special Project Specifications

940. Restriction Devices

941.00. Fences

941.10. Post and Wire Fence

941.20. Post and Rail Fence

941.30. Woven Wire Fence

941.40. Jack Leg Fence

941.50. Stacked Rail (Worm) Fence

941.60. Remove and Reset Fence

941.70. Fence Maintenance

942.00. Gates

942.10. Wire Gate

942.20. Swing Gate

942.30. Loose Rail Gate

942.40. Accessible Gate – Kissing Gates

942.50. Accessible Gate – Chicanes

942.60. Gate Maintenance

943.00. Cattle Guards

943.10. Standard Cattle Guard

943.20. Above Ground Cattle Guard

943.30. Cattle Guard Maintenance

944.00. Stiles

944.10. Stiles

944.20. Stile Maintenance

945.00. Bollards

945.10. Bollards

945.20. Bollard Maintenance

949. Reserved for Restriction Devices Special Project Specifications

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950. Signs and Markers

951.00. Signs

951.10. Signs

951.20. Sign Repair and Replacement Maintenance

952.00. Route Markers

952.10. Route Markers

952.20. Route Marker Maintenance

953.00. Reassurance Markers

953.10. Standard Forest Service Blaze

953.20. Manufactured Blazer

953.30. Reassurance Marker Maintenance

954.00. Mileage Markers

952.10. Mile Markers

952.20. Mileage Marker Maintenance

955.00. Cairns

955.10. Cairns

955.20. Cairn Maintenance

959. Reserved for Route Markers and Signs Special Project Specifications

960. Trail Bridges

961.00. Log Stringer Trail Bridge

961.10. Single Log Stringer Trail Bridge

961.20. Multiple Log Stringer Trail Bridge

962.00. Sawn Timber Trail Bridge

962.10. Sawn Timber Stringer Trail Bridge

962.20. Longitudinal Nail-Laminated Timber Trail Bridge

963.00 Glulam Trail Bridge

963.10. Glulam Stringer Trail Bridge

963.20. Longitudinal Glulam Deck Panel Trail Bridge

964.00. Prefabricated Steel Trail Bridge

965.00. Trail Bridge Substructures

965.10. Timber Sill on Geocell Pad

965.20. Timber Sill on Gabion Basket

965.30. Timber Sill on Timber Cribbing

965.40. Concrete Leveling Pad on Bedrock

966.00. Trail Bridge Maintenance

969. Reserved for Trail Bridge Special Project Specifications

970. Specialty Structures

971. Reserved for Snow Sheds

972. Reserved for Tunnels

979. Reserved for Specialty Structures Special Project Specifications

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980. Incidentals

981.00. Seeding, Fertilizing and Mulching

982.00. Erosion Control Blankets

983.00. Removal of Structures and Obstructions

989.00. Reserved for Incidentals Special Project Specifications

990. Material

991.00. Rock, Grid Pavement Unit, Aggregate and Asphalt

991.01 Rock

991.02 Gabion and Revet Mattress Rock

991.03 Grid Pavement Unit

991.04 Pit-Run Aggregate

991.05 Screened Aggregate

991.06 Crushed Aggregate for Base or Surface Course

991.07 Asphalt

991.08 Cement

992.00. Pipe Material

993.00. Fence Material

994.00. Geosynthetic Material

994.01 Geotextile

994.02 Geonet

994.03 Geogrid

994.04 Geocell

994.05 Sheet Drains

995.00. Material for Timber Structures

996.00. Gabion and Revet Mattress Material

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Section 900 General Specifications

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Section 901—Terms, Format, Abbreviations and Definitions

901.01 Meaning of Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject “the Contractor,” is implied. Also implied in this language is “shall,” “shall be,” or similar words or phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever “directed,” “required,” “prescribed,” or similar words are used, the “direction,” “requirement,” or “order” of the Contracting Officer is intended.

Similarly, wherever “approved,” “acceptable,” suitable,” “satisfactory,” or similar words are used, they mean “approved by,” “acceptable to,” or “satisfactory to” the Contracting Officer.

The word “will” generally pertains to decisions or actions of the Contracting Officer.

Whenever in these specifications, or in other contract documents, the following terms (or pronouns in place of them) are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: reference to a specific standard, test, testing method, or specification shall mean the latest published edition or amendment that is in effect at the solicitation issue date for the public works contracts.

901.02 Specification Format These specifications are divided into Sections.

Sections 900 through 906, 908 and 909 consist of general contract requirements for which no direct payment is made. The requirements contained in Sections 900 through 906 are applicable to all contracts.

Sections 907, 908, 909 and 910 through 989 consist of construction contract requirements for specific items of work. Work under these Sections is paid for directly or indirectly according to Subsection 906.04 and the Section ordering the work. When there is no pay item in the bid schedule, no direct payment is made.

Sections 990 through 999 contain the material requirements for Sections 910 through 989. No direct payment is made in Sections 990 through 999. Payment for material is included as part of the work required in Sections 910 through 989.

The first three digits of the pay item number identify the Section under which the work is performed.

901.03 Abbreviations. Whenever these abbreviations are used in the specifications, they represent the following:

(a) Acronyms

AASHTO American Association Of State Highway And Transportation Officials ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

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AITC American Institute of Timber Construction ANSI American National Standards Institute AQ Actual Quantities APA American Plywood Association ASTM American Society For Testing And Material AWPA American Wood Protection Association CO Contracting Officer C.F. Cubic Feet C.Y. Cubic Yard DQ Design Quantities EA Each FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation g Grams HDPE High-Density Polyethylene hr Hour kg Kilogram kN Kilonewtons lb Pound L.F. Linear Feet LS Lump Sum LSQ Lump Sum Quantities m Meter m2 Square Meter m3 Cubic Meter mi Mile mm Millimeter MPa Megapascals MSE Mechanically Stabilized Earth N Newton NBS National Bureau Of Standards NCMA National Concrete Masonry Association OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Administration Pa Pascal PE Polyethylene PS Product Standard Issued By The U.S. Department Of Commerce psi Pounds Per Square Inch PVC Polyvinyl Chloride S.F. Square Feet SQ Staked Quantities S.Y. Square Yard WCLIB West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau WWPA Western Wood Products Association WWPI Western Wood Preservers Institute

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Additional abbreviations may be found in Section 101.03 of the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects

(FP-03).

(b) Slope notation (vertical: horizontal). For slopes flatter than 1:1, express the slope as the ratio of one unit vertical to a number of units horizontal. For slopes steeper than 1:1, express the slope as the ratio of a number of units vertical to one unit horizontal.

901.04 Definitions The following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in these specifications or in other contract documents, the intent and meaning are as follows:

Barriers. A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access.

Base Course. The layer or layers of specified material of designed thickness placed on a trailbed to support surfacing.

Batter. A backward and upward slope of the face of a wall.

Berm. The ridge of material formed on the outer edge of the trail that projects higher than the tread.

Borrow. Suitable materials taken from approved sources designated on the plans or on the ground, to be used for embankments and backfilling.

Bridge. A trail structure, including supports, erected over a depression or obstruction such as a body of water, a road, a trail, or a railroad that provides a continuous pathway and that has a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Cap Rock. Rock placed in the top or uppermost layer in a constructed rock structure, such as a talus or rubble rock section or rock retaining wall.

Catch Point. The outer limits of a trailway where the excavation and/or embankment intersect with the ground line.

Clearing Limit. The area over and beside the trail that is cleared of trees, limbs, and other obstructions.

Climbing Turn. A reverse in direction of trail grade without a level landing used to change elevation on a steep slope.

Compacted. Consolidation that is obtained by tamping or rolling suitable material until no noticeable displacement of material is observed.

Contracting Officer (CO). An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Culvert. Any structure with a bottom, regardless of the fill depth, the depth of invert, or the presence of a horizontal driving surface, or any bottomless (natural

10/30/2014 Trail Specifications-10 channel) structure with footings that does not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Curb. A border defining the edge of the trail or trail bridge.

Cushion Material. Native or imported material generally placed over rocky section of unsurfaced trail to provide a usable and maintained traveled way.

Designated on the Ground. The location of materials, work areas, and construction items, including lines and grades, marked on the ground with stakes, flagging, tags, or paint.

Drawings. Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the Government by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Duff. Organic material overlying rock or mineral soil.

Embankment. A structure of suitable material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to the trailbed elevation.

Excess Excavation. Material in the trailway in excess of that needed for construction of designed trailways.

Falsework. Temporary construction work on which a main work is wholly or partly built and supported until the main work is strong enough to support itself.

Ford. A water-level stream crossing constructed to provide a level surface for safe traffic passage.

Full Bench. Trailbed constructed entirely on undisturbed material.

Gabion Basket. Rectangular wire baskets filled with rock used as pervious, semiflexible building blocks for slope and foundation stabilization.

Grade. The vertical distance of ascent or descent of the trail expressed as a percentage of the horizontal distance.

Hazard Tree. An unstable tree that is likely to fall across the trail.

Header Rock. Rock laid with the narrow end towards the face of the wall.

Inslope. Where the trails tread is sloped downward toward the backslope.

Leave Tree. Trees designated to be left or to remain undisturbed after trail construction.

Mineral Soil. Soil or aggregate that is free from organic substances and contains no particles larger than 2 inches at their greatest dimension.

Outslope. Where the trail tread is sloped downward toward the embankment or daylight side of the trailway.

Plans. The contract plans furnished by the Government showing the location, type, dimensions, and details of work.

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Retainers. Embedded border of wood or rock used to retain fill and/or surface material.

Sideslope. The natural slope of the ground, usually expressed as a percentage.

Slough. That material from the backslope or the area of the backslope that has raveled onto the trailbed.

Slump. Where the trailbed material has moved downward, causing a dip in the trail grade.

Special Contract Requirements. Specifications that detail the conditions and requirements peculiar to an individual project, including additions and revisions to the standard specifications.

Standard Plans. Detailed plans approved for repetitive use and included as part of the plans.

Standard Specifications. The Standard Specifications for Construction of Trails on Federal Projects approved for general application and repetitive use.

Surfacing. Material placed on top of the trailbed or base course that provides the desired tread.

Suitable Material. Rock that can be accommodated in the trail structure, and soil free of duff with a recognizable granular texture.

Switchback. A reverse in direction of trail grade with a level landing used to change elevation on a steep slope, usually involving special treatment of the approaches, barriers, and drainages.

Trailbed. The finished surface on which base course or surfacing may be constructed. For trails without surfacing the trailbed is the tread.

Trailway. The portion of the trail within the limits of the excavation and embankment.

Tread. The surface portion of the trail upon which traffic moves.

Turnout. A short section of extra trail width to provide for passage of trail users.

Waterbar. A structure used for turning water off the trail, usually made of logs or stones.

Water Courses. Any natural or constructed channel where water naturally flows or will collect and flow during spring runoff, rainstorms, etc.

Additional definitions may be found in Section 101.03 of the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects

(FP-03).

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Section 902—Intent of Contract

902.01 Intent of Contract. The intent of the contract is to provide for the construction and completion of the work described. The precise details of performing the work are not stipulated except as considered essential for the successful completion of the work. Furnish all labor, material, equipment, tools, transportation, and supplies necessary to complete the work according to the contract.

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Section 903—Control of Work

903.01 Specifications and Drawings. Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction.

(a) General. Prepare drawings as necessary to construct the work.

Drawings include, but are not limited to, layouts that show the relative position (vertical and horizontal as appropriate) of work to be performed, fabrication details for manufactured items and assemblies, installation and erection procedures, details of post-tensioning and other systems, detailed trench and excavation procedures that conform to OSHA requirements, traffic control implementation drawings, and methods for performing work near existing structures or other areas to be protected. Show all the drawing dimensions in United States customary units.

Drawings shall be a minimum size of 11 by 17 inches and a maximum size of 24 by 36 inches. All text should have a minimum height of 1/8 inch for 24 by 36 inch drawings (D size sheets). Include on each drawing and calculation sheet, the project number, name, and other identification as shown in the contract.

Furnish 5 sets of drawings and supporting calculations for acceptance before performing work covered by the drawings. If drawings are returned for revision, correct and resubmit for acceptance. Allow 40 days per submission for railroad structures and 30 days per submission for all other structures. The review time as specified is applied separately to each drawing submitted. The CO may request additional specific drawings for unique situations in order to clarify layout, construction details, or methodology. If drawings must be resubmitted, the time for acceptance starts over. Obtain written approval before changing or deviating from the accepted drawings.

(b) Specific requirements for concrete and miscellaneous structures.

(1) Furnish drawings for the following:

(a) Site-specific layouts for all wall types and gabion installations;

(b) Gabion and revet mattress details and installation procedures;

(c) Forms and falsework for reinforced concrete box culverts less than or equal to 6 feet in height;

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(d) Fabrication drawings for bridge railings and parapets;

(e) Fabrication drawings for prestressed members;

(f) Fabrication and installation drawings for expansion joint assemblies;

(g) Fabrication drawings for bearing assemblies;

(h) Construction joint location and concrete deck placement sequences not shown on the plans;

(i) Erection diagrams for Soil-Corrugated Metal Structure interaction systems (multi-plate structures);

(j) Structural steel fabrication drawings;

(k) Utility hangar details; and

(l) Fabrication and installation drawings for precast items.

(2) Furnish drawings that bear the seal and signature of a professional engineer proficient in the pertinent design field for the following:

(a) Erection plans;

(b) Reinforced soil slopes details;

(c) MSE wall and crib wall details;

(d) Details and installation procedures for proprietary wall systems;

(e) Temporary bridge structures for public use;

(f) All bridge forms except for railings, parapets, and components less than 6 feet in height;

(g) Shoring systems and cofferdams greater than 6 feet in height;

(h) All shoring systems that support traffic loadings;

(i) Forms and falsework for all structures greater than 6 feet in height;

(j) Post-tensioning systems;

(k) Ground anchors, soil nail, and rock bolt assembly details, layout, and installation and testing procedures;

(l) Tie back wall details; and

(m) Alternate retaining wall details.

(3) Furnish drawings that bear the seal and signature of a professional engineer who is proficient in forms and falsework

10/30/2014 Trail Specifications-15 design and licensed in the state where the project will be constructed for the following:

(a) Falsework for any structure with a span exceeding 16 feet;

(b) Falsework for any structure with a height exceeding 14 feet; and

(c) Falsework for structures where traffic, other than workers involved in constructing the structure, will travel under the structure.

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Section 904—Control of Materials

904.01 Handling Materials. Transport and handle all materials to preserve their quality and fitness for the work. Stockpile, load, and transport aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination.

Store materials to assure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work.

Locate stored materials to facilitate their prompt inspection. Sites on Government-administered land that are not already designated may be used for storage purposes and for placing of equipment only when approved in advance by the CO. Restore all storage sites in accordance with requirements SHOWN ON THE PLANS or as otherwise specified. Arrangements for storage on other than designated sites are the responsibility of the contractor.

904.02 Material Sources

(a) Designated Sources. Sources for materials such as, but not limited to, soil, rock, or logs that are not available from trailway excavation or clearing operations will be designated. Sources of local materials designated in the SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS or SHOWN ON THE PLANS are guaranteed by the Government for the quality and quantity of material in the source.

Use all needed suitable material from the source. The designation of a source includes the right to use areas SHOWN ON THE PLANS for the purposes designated (such as plant sites, stockpiles, and haul roads). Operations are restricted to the confines of the area(s) designated.

Comply with the requirements of 30 CFR 56, subparts B and H. When required, re-establish vegetation in disturbed areas according to section 981.

(b) Contractor-Furnished Sources. Furnish material that produces an end product equivalent in performance to that specified.

904.03 Restoration. Shape and grade borrow areas on Government-administered land to make them stable and to minimize future erosion. Dispose of debris resulting from development of material sources by scattering, unless otherwise specified. Do not scatter debris within the clearing limits of trails or within roadsides. Cut off stumps to less than 12 inches above the ground as measured on the uphill side of the stump.

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Section 905—Quality Assurance and Quantity Measurement

Description

905.01 This work consists of providing certification that the quality and quantity of construction conform to the plans, specifications, and requirements of the contract.

Construction

905.02 Certification and Measurements

(a) Offsite-Produced Materials. Furnish signed certificates executed by the manufacturer, supplier, or vendor, stipulating that all offsite-produced materials incorporated in the work meet applicable requirements SHOWN ON THE PLANS or stated in the specifications. Furnish a certificate for each commodity or invoice.

(b) Quantity Measurements. Submit quantities to the CO for periodic progress payments, and the CO will compute payments. Quantities are subject to verification.

905.03 Records. Maintain a set of contract plans depicting as-built conditions resulting from approved changes. Maintain the plans in a current condition and indicate changes from the original contract plans in red. Give the plans to the CO upon the completion of the contract work.

Measurement

905.04 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

905.05 Payment will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract.

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Section 906—Measurement and Payment

906.01 General. Measurement and payment for contract work will be made only for and under those pay items included in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. All other work and materials will be considered incidental and included in the payment of the PAY ITEMS in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

When more than one class, size, or thickness is specified in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for any PAY ITEM, suffixes will be added to the item number to differentiate between the items.

906.02 Determination of Quantities. The following measurements and calculations are to be used to determine contract quantities for payment:

Make measurements for seeding, geotextiles, and erosion control blankets along slope lines.

For retaining walls, measure by the square foot of front wall face.

Measure structures according to neat lines SHOWN ON THE PLANS or as altered by the CO in writing to fit field conditions. Make measurements along the centerline and parallel to the specified grade or foundation or as SHOWN ON THE

PLANS.

Deduct lengths for stairways, turnpike, puncheon, retaining walls, wire baskets, switchbacks, bridges, and bridge approaches from the measurement of excavation in Section 911 unless these items are specified as incidental to excavation in Section 911.

For standard manufactured items, such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, and pipe conduits identified by gage, weight, section dimensions, and the like, such identification shall be considered the nominal weights or dimensions.

Manufacturer’s tolerances will be accepted unless controlled by tolerances in the cited specifications.

906.03 Units of Measurement. Payment will be made by units defined and determined according to U.S. Customary measure and by the following:

(a) Cubic Yard. A measurement computed by one of the following methods:

(1) Excavation, embankment, or borrow. The measurement computed by the average-end-area method from measurements made longitudinally along a centerline or other reference line.

(2) Material in place or stockpiled. The measurement computed with the dimensions of the in-place material using average-end-area method or prismodial formula.

(3) Material in the Delivery Vehicle. The measurement computed using measurements of material in the hauling vehicles at the point of delivery.

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Vehicles shall be loaded to at least their water-level capacity. Leveling of the loads may be required when vehicles arrive at the delivery point.

(b) Each (EA). One complete unit, which may consist of one or more parts.

(c) Lump Sum (LS). The quantities that denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.04 Methods of Measurement. One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is DESIGNATED ON THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for each PAY ITEM:

(a) Designed Quantities. These quantities denote the final number of units to be paid for under the terms of the contract. They are based upon the original design data available prior to advertising the project. Original design data include the preliminary survey information, design assumptions, calculations, and plans.

Changes in the number of units DESIGNATED IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS may be authorized under the following conditions:

(1) As a result of changes in the work approved by the CO.

(2) As a result of the CO determining that errors exist in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more.

(3) As a result of the contractor submitting to the CO a written request showing evidence of errors in the original design that cause a PAY ITEM quantity to change by 15 percent or more. The evidence must be verifiable and consist of calculations, plans, or other data that show how the designed quantity is believed to be in error.

(b) Staked Quantities (SQ). These quantities are determined from staked measurements prior to the construction.

(c) Actual Quantities (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurement of completed work.

(d) Vehicle Quantities. These quantities are measured or weighed in hauling vehicles.

(e) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

906.05 Government-Furnished Materials. When materials are furnished by the Forest Service, the note “Government-Furnished Materials” will be added to the description of the PAY ITEM.

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Section 907—Mobilization

907.01 This work consists of moving personnel, equipment, material, and incidentals to the project and performing all work necessary before beginning work at the project site. Mobilization includes the costs associated with obtaining permits, insurance, and bonds. Mobilization is not intended to pay for the costs of materials before they are used on the project site.

Payment

907.02 The accepted quantity, measured as provided in Subsection 906.02, will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 907 pay item shown in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section.

Progress payments for mobilization lump sum will be paid as follows:

(a) Bond premiums will be reimbursed according to FAR Clause 52.232-5, Payments Under Fixed-Price Construction Contracts, after receipt of the evidence of payment. Reimburse for bond premiums before issuing the Notice to Proceed if evidence of payment is received.

(b) When 5 percent of the original contract amount is earned from other bid items, 50 percent of the mobilization item, or 5 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less, will be paid.

(c) When 10 percent of the original contract amount is earned from other bid items, 100 percent of the mobilization item, or 10 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less, will be paid.

(d) Any portion of the mobilization item in excess of 10 percent of the original contract amount will be paid after final acceptance. Pay any unpaid amount for mobilization upon final acceptance of all work items.

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Section 908—Construction Staking, Flagging, and Cleanup

908.01 This work consists of establishing any control points needed in addition to existing staking, and removing and disposing of all construction stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon from the project area.

Construction

908.02 General. The Government will set initial construction stakes or flagging, and control points, and furnish the contractor with all necessary information relating to lines, slopes, and grades. These stakes and flagging constitute the field control.

Furnish and maintain additional stakes, flagging, templates, batter boards, and other materials and supplies necessary for marking and maintaining points and lines established. Do not perform work in the absence of control points. If any construction control points are destroyed, displaced, or erroneous, notify the CO.

Uniformly contour alignment and construct grade from control point to control point.

Remove all construction stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon from the project area within 7 days after the final inspection of all other work on the project.

Dispose of all stakes, tags, flagging, and plastic ribbon off Government-administered lands unless otherwise designated.

Measurement

908.03 There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

908.04 Trail staking, flagging, and cleanup will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

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Section 909— Maintenance for Traffic and Temporary Construction Access

909.00.01 This work consists of maintaining existing trails that are undergoing improvements open and maintained in such a condition as to safely accommodate traffic and providing temporary construction access to the site. Maintaining the trail for traffic and temporary access may be covered by subsection:

909.10 Maintenance for Traffic

909.20 Temporary Construction Access

Measurement

909.00.02 There will be no separate measurement for these items.

Payment

909.00.03 Maintaining the trail for public access and providing temporary construction access will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract, and additional payment will not be made.

909.10 - Maintenance for Traffic Description

909.10.01 Keep existing trails that are undergoing improvements open and maintained in such a condition as to safely accommodate traffic. Provide and maintain temporary detours, approaches, or crossings and intersections with trails, roads, businesses, parking lots, and campgrounds in a safe and passable condition. Perform no work that interferes or conflicts with traffic until a plan for handling traffic has been submitted and approved. Specific requirements for detours or closures are SHOWN ON THE PLANS or in the SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS.

Before any suspension of work, take precautions necessary to prevent damage to the project, such as temporary detours, approaches, crossings, or intersections, and make provisions for normal drainage and to minimize erosion. Leave all trailways in a condition suitable for traffic unless otherwise specified.

The Government may permit use of portions of the project during periods when operations are shut down. All maintenance attributable to permitted use during periods of work suspension will be provided by the Government.

The contractor is responsible for any maintenance that is not attributable to use or that is necessary during suspensions resulting from fault or negligence of the contractor.

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909.20 - Temporary Construction Access

909.20.01 The government may provide temporary access for the contractor from another route or trail other than the trail being constructed. The contractor will be responsible for maintaining the temporary access, removing and rehabilitating the temporary access route and any damaged area after construction is completed.

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Section 910—Trailways Section 911 - Trail and Prism

Description

911.00.01 This work consists of constructing trails, restoration of existing trails or obliteration of abandoned trails. The earthwork and associated trail tread and prism work may be covered by one or more of the following subsections:

911.10. Excavation and Embankment

911.20. Borrow

911.30. Existing Trail Restoration

911.40. Slide Maintenance

911.50. Slough and Berm Removal

911.60. Obliteration of Abandoned Trails

911.70. Retainers

911.00.02 Measure the section 911 items listed in the bid schedule according to subsection 906.

Payment

911.00.03 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the section 911 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this section. See Subsection 906.04.

911.10 - Excavation and Embankment Description

911.10.01 This work consists of the excavation and placement of excavated material, regardless of its nature, from within the trailway or from other sources, except for material included under other pay items SHOWN IN THE

SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Includes excavation, embankment, and backfill construction required to shape and finish the trailbed, ditches, backslopes, fill slopes, drainage dips, trail passing sections, and turnouts. Also includes excavation and embankment work required to construct culverts, trail bridges, shallow stream fords and gully crossings, talus and rubble rock sections, and climbing turns.

Materials

911.10.02 Materials. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 991 Geosynthetics 994 Material for Timber Structures 995

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Construction

911.10.03 Use and Disposal of Excavated Material. Conserve and use all suitable material for specified work. Conserve excess excavated rock suitable for specified project work and use in place of materials from designated sources.

Remove all duff and debris from within trailway limits and uniformly spread outside the clearing limits, not more than 4 inches in depth (unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE PLANS). Do not obstruct drainage or create piles, berms, or windrows of debris.

Place excess and unsuitable excavation beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed Do not obstruct drainage and spread to a depth not exceeding 4 inches. This includes any material removed in the grubbing operation and deposited in the same area.

Place rocks over 4 inches in greatest dimension not used in construction beyond the hinge point on the downslope side. Place rocks so that the tops are at least 6 inches lower than the trailbed surface. Ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of a windrow effect occurs.

911.10.04 Trailway Excavation and Embankment. Minor deviations of ± 12 inches in vertical alignment and 36 inches in horizontal alignment with smooth transitions of at least 30 feet on each side of the deviation are acceptable unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Construct embankments with suitable compacted material. Compact all disturbed soil within the trailbed area.

Remove any rock within or above the backslopes that is unstable. Use or dispose of rock in accordance with Subsection 912.03.

Leave the finished slope in a uniform and roughened condition.

Make necessary adjustments of horizontal or vertical alignment, within the tolerances specified in this subsection, to produce the designed trailway section and balance earthwork. Such adjustments shall not be considered as changes.

911.10.05 Trailbed Finish. Fill holes with suitable material, compact, and cut high points to provide a uniform trailbed finish.

911.10.07 Ditches. Construct ditches to be free of loose rocks, roots, sticks, and other obstructions.

911.10.08 Geosynthetics. Where SHOWN ON THE PLANS, place

geosynthetics flat and parallel to centerline of the trail before placing embankment. Overlap geosynthetics a minimum of 24 inches. Install anchors or fasteners as recommended by the geosynthetic manufacturer.

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911.20 - Borrow

911.20.01 This work consists of placing select borrow material on the trailbed.

Materials

911.20.02 Requirements. Obtain borrow materials from locations SHOWN ON THE PLANS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Obtain CO's approval before using borrow from other locations. Suitable material from slough and berm removal may also be used as borrow material. Use suitable borrow material and aggregate under 2 inches in the greatest dimension.

Construction

911.20.03 General. On sideslopes where water can drain away from the trailbed, provide a sufficient depth of borrow material to obtain the outslope as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Across meadows and on turnpike sections, provide a sufficient depth of borrow material to produce a crowned trailbed as SHOWN ON THE

PLANS.

Compact all material placed. Compact borrow material placed on the approaches of bridges and puncheon to provide a smooth surface and a smooth transition from the structure to the adjoining trail tread surface.

Cover any culvert surfaces that have become exposed with a minimum depth of 6 inches of suitable material over the full length of the exposed culvert and of sufficient length along the trail to present a uniform trail grade.

Provide free-draining borrow sites and backslopes no steeper than 1 1/3:1.

911.30-Existing Trail Restoration

911.30.01 This work consists of restoring the original trail template, including clearing, removing slough and berm, borrow, filling ruts and troughs, reshaping backslopes, excavation, reshaping trail tread, restoring drainage and other trail structures, constructing check dams, and removing protruding rocks, roots, stumps, slough, and berms.

Construction

911.30.03 Clearing and Grubbing. Clear and grub in accordance with the requirements of section 912 and as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

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911.30.04 Excavation and Embankment. Excavate and place all excavated material in accordance with the requirements of section 911.10.04 and as

SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

911.30.05 Rock and Root Removal. Uniformly scatter the removed rocks and roots below the trailway and distribute to ensure no blockage of watercourses or creation of a windrow. Fill holes with suitable material and compact.

911.30.06 Slough and Berm Removal and Excess Material. Use suitable slough and berm material within the trailway to restore the trailbed as SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Place all unsuitable and excess material beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed and uniformly spread to a depth not exceeding 4 inches and so as not to obstruct drainage or interfere with the drainage of outsloped tread.

Remove berm when daylight can be obtained within a distance of 5 feet from the outslope edge of finished tread unless otherwise DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND or SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

911.30.07 Fill Material and Borrow. Use suitable material to fill ruts, troughs, and potholes in the tread that cannot be leveled and outsloped through performance of work in Subsection 915.06. Compact and shape as

SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Obtain borrow from areas SHOWN ON THE PLANS or DESIGNATED ON

THE GROUND.

911.30.08 Drainage. Restore drainage dips and ditches to reestablish drainage as SHOWN ON THE PLANS by removing obstructions such as rocks, roots, and sticks to make ditches and culverts free draining.

Restore rock spillways in accordance with section 923 and as SHOWN ON

THE PLANS.

911.30.09 Stream Channel Cleaning. Clean channel of obstructions in areas SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Remove debris and rocks from the stream channel and scatter outside of the side slopes of the stream channel and beyond the clearing limits.

911.30.10 Check Dams. When constructing check dams for gullies, use dimensional lumber, sound peeled logs, or a row of stones placed across the gully in the subgrade with the ends securely embedded in the banks as SHOWN ON THE PLANS and at locations STAKED ON THE GROUND.

Use suitable material for backfill as SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Place and compact backfill to meet the density of the existing trailbed and to form a smooth tread.

911.30.11 Switchbacks. Restore switchbacks in accordance with section 914 and as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

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911.30.12 Waterbars. Restore waterbars in accordance with section 922 and as SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Reestablish drainage by removing accumulated material and replacing loose or missing rocks, unsuitable logs, and deteriorated rubber belting.

911.30.13 Turnpikes. Restore turnpikes in accordance with section 913 and as SHOWN ON THE PLANS by replacing missing, rotten, or loose retainer logs and stakes, or missing or loose retainer rocks. Backfill with suitable material.

911.30.14 Trail Structures. Restore all trail structures at locations SHOWN ON THE PLANS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

911.30.15 Reshaping and Finishing Trailbed and Backslopes. Provide a firm and uniformly finished trailbed in accordance with cross-sections

SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Provide a uniform and roughened surface on disturbed backslopes in accordance with cross-sections SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Cut all roots flush.

911.40 - Slide Maintenance

911.40.01 This work consists of the removal and disposal of slide material from the trailbed and the restoration of all sections of trail that have been damaged.

Maintenance

911.40.02 General. Conserve and use suitable material from the slide on the trailbed for tread surfacing. Spread this material at a maximum depth of 3 inches for a distance not exceeding 100 feet in each direction from the site of the slide unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Place all excess and unsuitable material beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed. Uniformly spread unsuitable material to a depth not exceeding 4 inches and do not obstruct drainage.

Reshape the backslope that contributed to the slide to reduce future sloughing and to conform to adjacent undamaged sections unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Re-grade sections of trailbed that have been damaged to a width and finish that conform to adjacent undamaged sections unless otherwise SHOWN

ON THE PLANS.

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911.50 - Slough and Berm Removal

911.50.01 This work consists of the removal and disposal of slough and berm material that has accumulated on the trailway.

Construction

911.50.02 Slough and Berm Removal and Excess Material. Remove all slough material within the trailway. Remove all material from the trailbed when daylight can be obtained within a distance of 4 feet from the outsloped edge of the finished tread unless otherwise DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND or SHOWN ON THE PLANS. Conserve and use suitable material to restore the trail tread as SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Place all excess and unsuitable material beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed. Uniformly spread to a depth not exceeding 4 inches and do not obstruct drainage or interfere with the drainage of outsloped tread.

911.60 - Obliteration of Abandoned Trails

911.60.01 This work consists of removal and disposal of existing structures, including turnpikes, walkways, bridges, culverts, signs and posts, and other material within the trailway, above or below ground. Work also includes salvaging DESIGNATED materials and backfilling the resulting trenches, holes, and pits.

Construction

911.60.02 Removal of Culverts and Bridges. Remove existing culverts within embankment areas at locations SHOWN ON THE PLANS.

Remove existing structures down to the natural stream bottom, and remove parts outside the water course to at least 12 inches below natural ground surface or finish ground surface, whichever is lower. Where portions of an existing structure lie wholly, or in part, within the limits of a new structure, remove parts to accommodate the installation of the proposed structure.

Avoid damage to bridges being dismantled for salvage. Match mark steel and/or wood members and prepare drawings showing the structural location of each member.

911.60.03 Signs and Posts. Remove signs, posts, and associated hardware at locations SHOWN ON THE PLANS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Backfill post hole, compact, and contour area to match existing ground.

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911.60.04 Removal of Other Obstructions. Remove other obstructions at locations SHOWN ON THE PLANS or DESIGNATED ON THE

GROUND.

911.60.05 Disposal. Dispose of native log and rock material by scattering below the trailway and outside clearing limits. Do not place debris in water courses, snow ponds, lakes, meadows, or locations where it could impede the flow to, through, or from the drainage structures. Dispose of metal, treated timber, and other manufactured products by removing from Government-administered lands and placing in approved waste disposal sites.

911.70 - Retainers

911.70.01 This work consists of furnishing and installing log, sawn timber and rock retainers, including excavation and backfill, wood stakes and/or metal anchors and selecting and hauling of retainer materials.

Materials

911.70.02 Materials. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 991 Material for Timber Structures 995

Construction

911.70.03 General. Place log, sawn timber, or rock retainers in continuous rows. Bed retainers along their entire length and so they are stable. When retainers are constructed of logs or sawn timber use lengths greater than or equal to 10 feet.

Section 912 - Clearing Limits

912.00.01 This work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and treating trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, plants, and other vegetation along with removal of rocks, undermined roots and hazard trees within the clearing limits.

Clearing and removal of trees, vegetation and rocks may be covered by one or more of the following subsections:

912.10. Clearing and Grubbing

912.20. Brush Cutting

912.30. Logging Out

912.40. Hazard Tree Removal

912.50. Loose Rock Removal

912.60. Rock and Root Removal

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912.00.02 Measure the section 912 items listed in the bid schedule according to subsection 906.

Payment

912.00.03 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the section 911 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this section. See Subsection 906.04.

912.10 - Clearing and Grubbing Description

912.10.01 This work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and treating trees,…