0628-01 (095-B55) - Transmission Plate MIL_STD_461G.pdf

METRIC

MIL-STD-461G

11 December 2015

SUPERSEDING

MIL-STD-461F

10 December 2007

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

INTERFACE STANDARD

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSYSTEMS AND

EQUIPMENT

AMSC 9618 AREA EMCS

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com ii

FOREWORD

1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of

Defense.

2. The stated interface requirements are considered necessary to provide reasonable confidence that a particular subsystem or equipment complying with these requirements will function within their designated design tolerances when operating in their intended electromagnetic environment (EME). The procuring activity should consider tailoring the individual requirements to be more or less severe based on the design features of the intended platform and its mission in concert with personnel knowledgeable about electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues affecting platform integration.

3. An appendix is included which provides the rationale and background for each requirement and verification section.

4. A committee consisting of representatives of the Army, Air Force, Navy, other DoD agencies, and industry prepared this document.

5. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to

AFLCMC/EZSS, Bldg 28, 2145 Monahan Way, Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7017 or emailed to AFLCMC/EN_EZ_Engineering.Standards@us.af.mil. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST

Online database at http://quicksearch.dla.mil/.

mailto:AFLCMC/EN_EZ_Engineering.Standards@us.af.mil http://quicksearch.dla.mil/ iii

CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH PAGE

FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................. ii

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Application

1.2.1 General applicability

1.2.2 Tailoring of requirements

1.3 Structure

1.4 Emission and susceptibility designations

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General

2.2 Government documents

2.2.1 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications

2.3 Non-Government publications

2.4 Order of precedence

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 General

3.1.1 Above deck

3.1.2 Antenna Port

3.1.3 Below deck

3.1.4 Cable bundle

3.1.5 Exposed below deck

3.1.6 External installation

3.1.7 Flight-line equipment

3.1.8 Internal installation

3.1.9 Metric units

3.1.10 Non-developmental item (NDI)

3.1.11 Safety critical

3.1.12 Test setup boundary

3.2 Acronyms used in this standard

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General

4.2 Interface requirements

4.2.1 Joint procurement

4.2.2 Filtering (Navy only)

4.2.3 Self-compatibility

4.2.4 Non-developmental items (NDI)

4.2.4.1 Commercial items (CI)

4.2.4.1.1 Selected by contractor

4.2.4.1.2 Specified by procuring activity

4.2.4.2 Procurement of equipment or subsystems having met other EMI requirements

4.2.5 Government furnished equipment (GFE)

4.2.6 Switching transients

4.2.7 Interchangeable modular equipment

iv

CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH PAGE

4.3 Verification requirements

4.3.1 Measurement tolerances

4.3.2 Shielded enclosures

4.3.2.1 Radio frequency (RF) absorber material

4.3.3 Other test sites

4.3.4 Ambient electromagnetic level

4.3.5 Ground plane

4.3.5.1 Metallic ground plane

4.3.5.2 Composite ground plane

4.3.6 Power source impedance

4.3.7 General test precautions

4.3.7.1 Accessory equipment

4.3.7.2 Excess personnel and equipment

4.3.7.3 Overload precautions

4.3.7.4 RF hazards

4.3.7.5 Shock hazard

4.3.7.6 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restrictions

4.3.8 EUT test configurations

4.3.8.1 EUT design status

4.3.8.2 Bonding of EUT

4.3.8.3 Shock and vibration isolators

4.3.8.4 Safety grounds

4.3.8.5 Orientation of EUTs

4.3.8.6 Construction and arrangement of EUT cables

4.3.8.6.1 Interconnecting leads and cables

4.3.8.6.2 Input (primary) power leads

4.3.8.7 Electrical and mechanical interfaces

4.3.9 Operation of EUT

4.3.9.1 Operating frequencies for tunable RF equipment

4.3.9.2 Operating frequencies for spread spectrum equipment

4.3.9.3 Susceptibility monitoring

4.3.10 Use of measurement equipment

4.3.10.1 Detector

4.3.10.2 Computer-controlled instrumentation

4.3.10.3 Emission testing

4.3.10.3.1 Bandwidths

4.3.10.3.2 Emission identification

4.3.10.3.3 Frequency scanning

4.3.10.3.4 Emission data presentation

4.3.10.4 Susceptibility testing

4.3.10.4.1 Frequency scanning

4.3.10.4.2 Modulation of susceptibility signals

4.3.10.4.3 Thresholds of susceptibility

4.3.11 Calibration of measuring equipment

4.3.11.1 Measurement system test

4.3.11.2 Antenna factors

v

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General

5.1.1 Units of frequency domain measurements

5.2 EMI control requirements versus intended installations

5.3 Emission and susceptibility requirements, limits, and test procedures

5.4 CE101, conducted emissions, audio frequency currents, power leads

5.4.1 CE101 applicability

5.4.2 CE101 limits

5.4.3 CE101 test procedure

5.4.3.1 Purpose

5.4.3.2 Test equipment

5.4.3.3 Setup

5.4.3.4 Procedures

5.4.3.5 Data presentation

5.5 CE102, conducted emissions, radio frequency potential, power leads

5.5.1 CE102 applicability

5.5.2 CE102 limits

5.5.3 CE102 test procedure

5.5.3.1 Purpose

5.5.3.2 Test equipment

5.5.3.3 Setup

5.5.3.4 Procedures

5.5.3.5 Data presentation

5.6 CE106, conducted emissions, antenna port

5.6.1 CE106 applicability

5.6.2 CE106 limits

5.6.3 CE106 test procedure

5.6.3.1 Purpose

5.6.3.2 Test equipment

5.6.3.3 Setup

5.6.3.4 Procedures

5.6.3.4.1 Transmit mode for transmitters and amplifiers

5.6.3.4.2 Receivers and stand-by mode for transmitters and amplifiers

5.6.3.5 Data presentation

5.6.3.5.1 Transmit mode for transmitters and amplifiers

5.6.3.5.2 Receivers and stand-by mode for transmitters and amplifiers

5.7 CS101, conducted susceptibility, power leads

5.7.1 CS101 applicability

5.7.2 CS101 limit

5.7.3 CS101 test procedure

5.7.3.1 Purpose

5.7.3.2 Test equipment

5.7.3.3 Setup

5.7.3.4 Procedures

5.7.3.5 Data presentation

5.8 CS103, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, intermodulation vi

5.8.1 CS103 applicability

5.8.2 CS103 limit

5.8.3 CS103 test procedures

5.8.3.1 Purpose

5.8.3.2 Test requirements

5.9 CS104, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, rejection of undesired signals

5.9.1 CS104 applicability

5.9.2 CS104 limit

5.9.3 CS104 test procedures

5.9.3.1 Purpose

5.9.3.2 Test requirements

5.10 CS105, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, cross modulation

5.10.1 CS105 applicability

5.10.2 CS105 limit

5.10.3 CS105 test procedures

5.10.3.1 Purpose

5.10.3.2 Test requirements

5.11 CS109, conducted susceptibility, structure current

5.11.1 CS109 applicability

5.11.2 CS109 limit

5.11.3 CS109 test procedures

5.11.3.1 Purpose

5.11.3.2 Test equipment

5.11.3.3 Setup

5.11.3.4 Procedures

5.11.3.5 Data presentation

5.12 CS114, conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection

5.12.1 CS114 applicability

5.12.2 CS114 limit

5.12.3 CS114 test procedures

5.12.3.1 Purpose

5.12.3.2 Test equipment

5.12.3.3 Setup

5.12.3.4 Procedures

5.12.3.5 Data presentation

5.13 CS115, conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection, impulse excitation

5.13.1 CS115 applicability

5.13.2 CS115 limit

5.13.3 CS115 test procedures

5.13.3.1 Purpose

5.13.3.2 Test equipment

5.13.3.3 Setup

5.13.3.4 Procedures

5.13.3.5 Data presentation

vii

5.14 CS116, conducted susceptibility, damped sinusoidal transients, cables and power leads

5.14.1 CS116 applicability

5.14.2 CS116 limit

5.14.3 CS116 test procedures

5.14.3.1 Purpose

5.14.3.2 Test equipment

5.14.3.3 Setup

5.14.3.4 Procedures

5.14.3.5 Data presentation

5.15 CS117, conducted susceptibility, lightning induced transients, cables and power leads

5.15.1 CS117 applicability

5.15.2 CS117 limit

5.15.3 CS117 test procedures

5.15.3.1 Purpose

5.15.3.2 Test equipment

5.15.3.3 Setup

5.15.3.4 Procedures

5.15.3.5. Data presentation

5.16 CS118, personnel borne electrostatic discharge

5.16.1 CS118 applicability

5.16.2 CS118 limits

5.16.3 CS118 test procedures

5.16.3.1 Purpose

5.16.3.2 Test equipment

5.16.3.3 Setup

5.16.3.4 Test procedures

5.16.3.5 Data presentation

5.17 RE101, radiated emissions, magnetic field

5.17.1 RE101 applicability

5.17.2 RE101 limit

5.17.3 RE101 test procedures

5.17.3.1 Purpose

5.17.3.2 Test equipment

5.17.3.3 Setup

5.17.3.4 Procedures

5.17.3.5 Data presentation

5.18 RE102, radiated emissions, electric field

5.18.1 RE102 applicability

5.18.2 RE102 limits

5.18.3 RE102 test procedures

5.18.3.1 Purpose

5.18.3.2 Test equipment

5.18.3.3 Setup

5.18.3.4 Procedures

viii

5.18.3.5 Data presentation

5.19 RE103, radiated emissions, antenna spurious and harmonic outputs

5.19.1 RE103 applicability

5.19.2 RE103 limits

5.19.3 RE103 test procedures

5.19.3.1 Purpose

5.19.3.2 Test equipment

5.19.3.3 Setup

5.19.3.4 Procedures

5.19.3.5 Data presentation

5.20 RS101, radiated susceptibility, magnetic field

5.20.1 RS101 applicability

5.20.2 RS101 limit

5.20.3 RS101 test procedures

5.20.3.1 Purpose

5.20.3.2 Test equipment

5.20.3.3 Setup

5.20.3.4 Procedures

5.20.3.5 Data presentation

5.20.4 RS101 alternative test procedures – AC Helmholtz coil

5.20.4.1 Purpose

5.20.4.2 Test equipment

5.20.4.3 Setup

5.20.4.4 Procedures

5.20.4.5 Data presentation

5.21 RS103, radiated susceptibility, electric field

5.21.1 RS103 applicability

5.21.2 RS103 limit

5.21.3 RS103 test procedures

5.21.3.1 Purpose

5.21.3.2 Test equipment

5.21.3.3 Setup

5.21.3.4 Procedures

5.21.3.5 Data presentation

5.21.4 RS103 alternative test procedures – reverberation chamber (mode-tuned)

5.21.4.1 Purpose

5.21.4.2 Test equipment

5.21.4.3 Setup

5.21.4.4 Procedure

5.21.4.5 Data presentation

5.22 RS105, radiated susceptibility, transient electromagnetic field

5.22.1 RS105 applicability

5.22.2 RS105 limit

5.22.3 RS105 test procedures

5.22.3.1 Purpose

ix

5.22.3.2 Test equipment

5.22.3.3 Setup

5.22.3.4 Procedures

5.22.3.5 Data presentation

6. NOTES

6.1 Intended use

6.2 Acquisition requirements

6.3 Associated Data Item Descriptions (DIDs)

6.4 Tailoring guidance

6.5 Subject term (key word) listing

6.6 International standardization agreement implementation

6.7 Technical points of contact

6.8 Changes from previous issue

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A APPLICATION GUIDE

A.1 GENERAL

A.1.1 Scope A.1.2 Structure

A.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

A.2.1 General A.2.2 Government documents

A.2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks A.2.3 Non-Government publications

A.3 DEFINITIONS

A.3.1 General A.3.2 Acronyms used in this appendix

A.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A.4.1 (4.1) General A.4.2 (4.2) Interface requirements

A.4.2.1 (4.2.1) Joint procurement A.4.2.2 (4.2.2) Filtering (Navy only) A.4.2.3 (4.2.3) Self-compatibility A.4.2.4 (4.2.4) Non-developmental items (NDI) A.4.2.4.1 (4.2.4.1) Commercial items (CI) A.4.2.4.1.1 (4.2.4.1.1) Selected by contractor A.4.2.4.1.2 (4.2.4.1.2) Specified by procuring activity A.4.2.4.2. (4.2.4.2) Procurement of equipment or subsystems having met other EMI requirements A.4.2.5 (4.2.5) Government furnished equipment (GFE) A.4.2.6 (4.2.6) Switching transients A.4.2.7 (4.2.7) Interchangeable modular equipment

A.4.3 (4.3) Verification requirements x

A.4.3.1 (4.3.1) Measurement tolerances A.4.3.2 (4.3.2) Shielded enclosures A.4.3.2.1 (4.3.2.1) Radio frequency (RF) absorber material A.4.3.3 (4.3.3) Other test sites A.4.3.4 (4.3.4) Ambient electromagnetic level A.4.3.5 (4.3.5) Ground plane A.4.3.5.1 (4.3.5.1) Metallic ground plane A.4.3.5.2 (4.3.5.2) Composite ground plane A.4.3.6 (4.3.6) Power source impedance A.4.3.7 (4.3.7) General test precautions A.4.3.7.1 (4.3.7.1) Accessory equipment A.4.3.7.2 (4.3.7.2) Excess personnel and equipment A.4.3.7.3 (4.3.7.3) Overload precautions A.4.3.7.4 (4.3.7.4) RF hazards A.4.3.7.5 (4.3.7.5) Shock hazard A.4.3.7.6 (4.3.7.6) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restrictions A.4.3.8 (4.3.8) EUT test configurations A.4.3.8.1 (4.3.8.1) EUT design status A.4.3.8.2 (4.3.8.2) Bonding of EUT A.4.3.8.3 (4.3.8.3) Shock and vibration isolators A.4.3.8.4 (4.3.8.4) Safety grounds A.4.3.8.5 (4.3.8.5) Orientation of EUTs A.4.3.8.6 (4.3.8.6) Construction and arrangement of EUT cables A.4.3.8.6.1 (4.3.8.6.1) Interconnecting leads and cables A.4.3.8.6.2 (4.3.8.6.2) Input (primary) power leads A.4.3.8.7 (4.3.8.7) Electrical and mechanical interfaces A.4.3.9 (4.3.9) Operation of EUT A.4.3.9.1 (4.3.9.1) Operating frequencies for tunable RF equipment A.4.3.9.3 (4.3.9.3) Susceptibility monitoring A.4.3.10 (4.3.10) Use of measurement equipment A.4.3.10.1 (4.3.10.1) Detector A.4.3.10.2 (4.3.10.2) Computer-controlled instrumentation A.4.3.10.3 (4.3.10.3) Emission testing A.4.3.10.3.1 (4.3.10.3.1) Bandwidths A.4.3.10.3.2 (4.3.10.3.2) Emission identification A.4.3.10.3.3 (4.3.10.3.3) Frequency scanning A.4.3.10.3.4 (4.3.10.3.4) Emission data presentation A.4.3.10.4 (4.3.10.4) Susceptibility testing A.4.3.10.4.1 (4.3.10.4.1) Frequency scanning A.4.3.10.4.2 (4.3.10.4.2) Modulation of susceptibility signals A.4.3.10.4.3 (4.3.10.4.3) Thresholds of susceptibility A.4.3.11 (4.3.11) Calibration of measuring equipment A.4.3.11.1 (4.3.11.1) Measurement system test A.4.3.11.2 (4.3.11.2) Antenna factors

A.5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

A.5.1 (5.1) General xi

A.5.1.1 (5.1.1) Units of frequency domain measurements A.5.2 (5.2) EMI control requirements versus intended installations A.5.3 (5.3) Emission and susceptibility requirements, limits, and test procedures A.5.4 (5.4) CE101, conducted emissions, audio frequency currents, power leads A.5.5 (5.5) CE102, conducted emissions, radio frequency potential, power leads A.5.6 (5.6) CE106, conducted emissions, antenna port A.5.7 (5.7) CS101, conducted susceptibility, power leads A.5.8 (5.8) CS103, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, intermodulation A.5.9 (5.9) CS104, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, rejection of undesired signals A.5.10 (5.10) CS105, conducted susceptibility, antenna port, cross modulation A.5.11 (5.11) CS109, conducted susceptibility, structure current A.5.12 (5.12) CS114, conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection A.5.13 (5.13) CS115, conducted susceptibility, bulk cable injection, impulse excitation A.5.14 (5.14) CS116, conducted susceptibility, damped sinusoid transients, cables and power leads A.5.15 (5.15) CS117, conducted susceptibility, lightning transients, cables and power leads A.5.16 (5.16) CS118, personnel borne electrostatic discharge A.5.17 (5.17) RE101, radiated emissions, magnetic field A.5.18 (5.18) RE102, radiated emissions, electric field A.5.19 (5.19) RE103, radiated emissions, antenna spurious and harmonic outputs A.5.20 (5.20) RS101, radiated susceptibility, magnetic fields A.5.21 (5.21) RS103, radiated susceptibility, electric field A.5.22 (5.22) RS105, radiated susceptibility, transient, electromagnetic field

FIGURE

FIGURE 1. RF absorber loading diagram FIGURE 2. General test setup FIGURE 3. General test setup for non-conductive surface mounted EUT FIGURE 4. General test setup for free standing EUT in shielded enclosure FIGURE 5. General test setup for free standing EUT FIGURE 6. LISN schematic FIGURE 7. LISN impedance FIGURE CE101-1. CE101 limit for surface ships and submarine applications, DC FIGURE CE101-2. CE101 limit for surface ships and submarine applications, 60 Hz FIGURE CE101-3. CE101 limit for surface ships and submarine applications, 400 Hz FIGURE CE101-4. CE101 limit for Navy ASW aircraft and Army aircraft (including flight line) applications xii

FIGURE PAGE

FIGURE CE101-5. Measurement system check FIGURE CE101-6. Measurement setup FIGURE CE102-1. CE102 limit (EUT power leads, AC and DC) for all applications FIGURE CE102-2. Measurement system check setup FIGURE CE102-3. Measurement setup FIGURE CE106-1. Setup for low power transmitters and amplifiers FIGURE CE106-2. Setup for high power transmitters and amplifiers FIGURE CE106-3. Setup for receivers and stand-by mode for transmitters and amplifiers FIGURE CS101-1. CS101 voltage limit for all applications FIGURE CS101-2. CS101 power limit for all applications FIGURE CS101-3. Calibration FIGURE CS101-4. Signal injection, DC or single phase AC FIGURE CS101-5. Signal injection, 3-phase wye FIGURE CS101-6. Signal injection, 3-phase delta FIGURE CS109-1. CS109 limit FIGURE CS109-2. Test configuration FIGURE CS114-1. CS114 calibration limits FIGURE CS114-2. Insertion loss for injection probes FIGURE CS114-3. Calibration setup FIGURE CS114-5. Bulk cable injection evaluation FIGURE CS115-1. CS115 signal characteristics for all applications FIGURE CS115-2. Calibration setup FIGURE CS115-3. Bulk cable injection FIGURE CS116-1. Typical CS116 damped sinusoidal waveform FIGURE CS116-2. CS116 limit for all applications FIGURE CS116-3. Typical test setup for calibration of test waveform FIGURE CS116-4. Typical set up for bulk cable injection of damped sinusoidal transients FIGURE CS117-1. Current Waveform 1 FIGURE CS117-2. Voltage Waveform 2 FIGURE CS117-3. Voltage Waveform 3 FIGURE CS117-4. Voltage Waveform 4 FIGURE CS117-5. Current Waveform 5A FIGURE CS117-6. Current Waveform 6 FIGURE CS117-7. Multiple stroke application FIGURE CS117-8. Multiple burst application FIGURE CS117-9. Typical test setup for calibration of lightning waveforms FIGURE CS117-10. Typical setup for bulk cable injection of lightning transients on complete interconnecting cable bundles FIGURE CS117-11. Typical setup for bulk cable injection of lightning transients on complete power cables (high sides and returns) FIGURE CS117-12. Typical setup for bulk cable injection of lightning transients on power cables with power returns and chassis grounds excluded from the cable bundle FIGURE CS118-1. Simplified diagram of the ESD generator FIGURE CS118-2. Discharge electrodes of the ESD generator FIGURE CS118-3. Sample ESD current target schematic representation FIGURE CS118-4. Ideal contact discharge current waveform at 8 kV xiii

FIGURE CS118-5. Measurement system check setup, tip voltage verification FIGURE CS118-6. Measurement system check setup, discharge current verification FIGURE RE101-1. RE101 limit for all Army applications FIGURE RE101-2. RE101 limit for all Navy applications FIGURE RE101-3. Measurement system integrity check configuration FIGURE RE101-4. Basic test setup FIGURE RE102-2. RE102 limit for submarine applications FIGURE RE102-3. RE102 limit for aircraft and space system applications FIGURE RE102-4. RE102 limit for ground applications FIGURE RE102-5. Basic test setup FIGURE RE102-6. Antenna positioning FIGURE RE102-7. Multiple antenna positions FIGURE RE102-8. Rod antenna system check FIGURE RE103-1. Measurement system integrity check and test setup for radiated harmonics and spurious emissions, 10 kHz to 1 GHz FIGURE RE103-2. Measurement system integrity check and test setup for radiated harmonics and spurious emissions, 1 GHz to 40 GHz FIGURE RS101-1. RS101 limit for all Navy applications FIGURE RS101-2. RS101 limit for all Army applications FIGURE RS101-3. Calibration of the radiating system FIGURE RS101-4. Basic test setup FIGURE RS101-5. Calibration of Helmholtz coils FIGURE RS101-6. Test setup for Helmholtz coils FIGURE RS103-1. Test equipment configuration FIGURE RS103-2. Multiple test antenna locations for frequency > 200 MHz FIGURE RS103-3. Multiple test antenna locations for N positions, D > 3 meters FIGURE RS103-4. Reverberation chamber setup FIGURE RS103-5. Reverberation chamber overview FIGURE RS105-1. RS105 limit for all applications FIGURE RS105-2. Typical calibration setup using parallel plate radiation system FIGURE RS105-3. Typical test setup using parallel plate radiation system

FIGURE A-1. Voltage probe for tests at user’s installation FIGURE A-2. 5 μH LISN schematic FIGURE A-3. 5 μH LISN impedance FIGURE A-4. Peak detector response FIGURE A-5. Traditional measurement receiver with 10 second scan time (minimum required by Table II) FIGURE A-6. Traditional measurement receiver with 300 second scan time FIGURE A-7. FFT measurement receiver with 15 millisecond dwell time FIGURE A-8. FFT measurement receiver with 1 second dwell time FIGURE A-9. Example of data presentation resolution FIGURE A-10. CE101 limits for a 5 µH LISN FIGURE A-11. Correction factor for 50 μH LISN coupling capacitor FIGURE A-12. CS101 power amplifier protection FIGURE A-13. CS103 General test setup xiv

FIGURE A-14. CS104 General test setup FIGURE A-15. CS105 General test setup FIGURE A-16. Typical CS114 calibration fixture FIGURE A-17. Maximum VSWR of calibration fixture FIGURE A-18. Insertion loss measurement FIGURE A-19. CS114 alternate test setup, three phase delta power system FIGURE A-20. Circuit diagram of CS115 pulse generator FIGURE A-21. Typical CS115 calibration fixture waveform FIGURE A-22. Typical CS116 calibration fixture sine and cosine waveforms FIGURE A-23. High frequency noise - Waveform 3 amplitude determination FIGURE A-24. High frequency noise - Waveform 4 amplitude determination FIGURE A-25. Ripple with high frequency noise - Waveform 5A amplitude determination FIGURE A-26. Inductive kick effect - Waveform 3 amplitude determination

TABLE

TABLE I. Absorption at normal incidence TABLE II. Bandwidth and measurement time TABLE III. Susceptibility scanning TABLE IV. Emission and susceptibility requirements TABLE V. Requirement matrix TABLE VI. CS114 limit curves TABLE VII. CS117 Test and limit levels for multiple stroke and multiple burst lightning tests. .88 TABLE VIII. ESD test levels TABLE IX. ESD simulator contact discharge current verification values TABLE X. ESD generator general specifications TABLE XI. RS103 limits TABLE XII. Required number of tuner positions for a reverberation chamber

TABLE A-I. Susceptibility testing times

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose.

This standard establishes interface and associated verification requirements for the control of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission and susceptibility characteristics of electronic, electrical, and electromechanical equipment and subsystems designed or procured for use by activities and agencies of the Department of Defense (DoD). Such equipment and subsystems may be used independently or as an integral part of other subsystems or systems. This standard is best suited for items that have the following features: electronic enclosures that are no larger than an equipment rack, electrical interconnections that are discrete wiring harnesses between enclosures, and electrical power input derived from prime power sources. This standard should not be directly applied to items such as modules located inside electronic enclosures or entire platforms. The principles in this standard may be useful as a basis for developing suitable requirements for those applications. Data item requirements are also included.

1.2 Application.

1.2.1 General applicability.

The applicability of the emission and susceptibility requirements is dependent upon the types of equipment or subsystems and their intended installations as specified herein.

1.2.2 Tailoring of requirements.

Application-specific environmental criteria may be derived from operational and engineering analyses on equipment or subsystems being procured for use in specific systems or platforms.

When analyses reveal that the requirements in this standard are not appropriate for that procurement, the requirements may be tailored and incorporated into the request-for-proposal, specification, contract, order, and so forth, prior to the start of the test program. The test procedures contained in this document are generic test methods and should be adapted as necessary for each application, while maintaining the intent of the test, and should be approved by the procuring activity. The adapted test procedures should be documented in the

Electromagnetic Interference Test Procedures (EMITP) (see 6.3).

1.3 Structure.

The standard has two primary sections, the main body and the appendix. The main body contains the interface and verification requirements of this standard. The appendix is non-contractual and provides rationale for the requirements and guidance on their interpretation and use. The paragraph numbering scheme for the appendix parallels the numbering for the main body requirements except that an “A” is included (for example, A.4.2 rather than 4.2).

Occasionally, there are references in the main body to appendix material where an obvious need exists for the appendix information to be examined.

1.4 Emission and susceptibility designations.

The emissions and susceptibility and associated test procedure requirements in this standard are designated in accordance with an alphanumeric coding system. Each requirement is identified by a two letter combination followed by a three digit number. The number is for reference purposes only. The meaning of the individual letters is as follows:

C = Conducted

R = Radiated

E = Emission

S = Susceptibility

a. Conducted emissions requirements are designated by "CE---."

b. Radiated emissions requirements are designated by "RE---."

c. Conducted susceptibility requirements are designated by "CS---."

d. Radiated susceptibility requirements are designated by "RS---."

e. "---" = numerical order of requirement from 101 to 199.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General.

The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed.

2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications.

The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DoD)

DoDI 6055.11 Protecting Personnel from Electromagnetic Fields

(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/.)

DEFENSE STANDARDIZATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DSPO)

SD-2 DoD Acquisitions Buying Commercial Items and Nondevelopmental

Items

(Copies of this document are available online at http://quicksearch.dla.mil.)

2.3 Non-Government publications.

The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/ http://quicksearch.dla.mil/

IEEE/ASTM INTERNATIONAL

IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric Practice

(IEEE and ASTM International publish this standard jointly. Copies are available from http://www.ieee.org/ or http://www.astm.org/.)

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)/IEEE

ANSI C63.2 American National Standard for Electromagnetic Noise and Field

Strength Instrumentation, 10 Hz to 40 GHz Specifications

ANSI C63.14 American National Standard Dictionary of Electromagnetic

Compatibility (EMC) including Electromagnetic Environmental

Effects (E3)

(ANSI and IEEE publish these documents jointly. Copies are available from http://www.ieee.org/ or http://www.ansi.org/.)

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO)

ISO 10012 Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment

ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

(Copies of this document are available from http://www.iso.org/.)

SAE INTERNATIONAL

AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

ARP958 Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Antennas; Standard

Calibration Method

(Copies of this document are available from http://www.sae.org/.)

2.4 Order of precedence.

Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence.

Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com http://www.ieee.org/ http://www.astm.org/ http://www.ieee.org/ http://www.ansi.org/ http://www.iso.org/ http://www.sae.org/

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 General.

The terms used in this standard are defined in ANSI C63.14. In addition, the following definitions are applicable for the purpose of this standard.

3.1.1 Above deck.

All shipboard areas, outside the skin of the ship or submarine, which are continuously exposed to the external electromagnetic environment.

3.1.2 Antenna Port.

An antenna port is any connector, terminal or waveguide of a transmitter, receiver or amplifier which is employed in the transmission and/or reception of RF energy. The antenna port can be either directly connected to an antenna or indirectly connected to an antenna, such as through an antenna coupler, power divider, amplifier, etc.

3.1.3 Below deck.

Areas in ships that are surrounded by a metallic structure such as the hull or superstructure of metallic surface ships, the shielded areas or rooms of non-metallic ships, the shielded areas of ships utilizing a combination of metallic/non-metallic material for hull and superstructure or a deck mounted metallic shelter. This also includes inside the pressure hull of submarines.

3.1.4 Cable bundle.

All wires and shields associated with a specific equipment under test (EUT) connector.

3.1.5 Exposed below deck.

Areas within the skin of the ship that have electrically large openings which when open expose the equipment and cables in those spaces to the external electromagnetic environment. This can also include spaces that are surrounded by material that does not have at least as much shielding effectiveness as the structure. Examples of these areas may include the bridge, hangar, boat bay, within the superstructure but outside the pressure hull of submarines, mooring stations, intakes, and uptake trunks.

3.1.6 External installation.

An equipment location on a platform which is exposed to the external electromagnetic environment (EME), such as an aircraft cockpit which does not use electrically conductive treatments on the canopy or windscreen or electronic systems mounted outside of a tactical ground platform.

3.1.7 Flight-line equipment.

Any support equipment that is attached to or used next to an aircraft during pre-flight or post-flight operations, such as uploading or downloading data, maintenance diagnostics, or equipment functional testing.

3.1.8 Internal installation.

An equipment location on a platform which is totally inside an electrically conductive structure, such as a typical avionics bay in aluminum skin aircraft or metallic hull of a tactical ground platform.

3.1.9 Metric units.

Metric units are a system of basic measures which are defined by the International System of

Units based on "Le System International d'Unites (SI)," of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. These units are described in IEEE/ASTM SI 10.

3.1.10 Non-developmental item (NDI).

Non-developmental item is a broad, generic term that covers material available from a wide variety of sources both industry and Government with little or no development effort required by the procuring activity.

3.1.11 Safety critical.

Unless otherwise defined in the procurement specification, a term applied to a condition, event, operation, process, or item whose proper recognition, control, performance, or tolerance is essential to safe system operation or use; for example, safety critical function, safety critical path, or safety critical component. A term also used when a failure or malfunction of a system or subsystem can cause death or serious injury to personnel.

3.1.12 Test setup boundary.

The test setup boundary includes all enclosures of the EUT, exposed interconnecting leads and power leads required by 4.3.8.6.

3.2 Acronyms used in this standard.

AMSCI Acquisition Management System Control

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASW Anti-Submarine Warfare

BIT Built-In-Test

CI Commercial Item

DID Data Item Description

DoD Department of Defense

DSPO Defense Standardization Program Office

E3 Electromagnetic Environmental Effects

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

EME Electromagnetic Environment

EMI Electromagnetic Interference

EMICP Electromagnetic Interference Control Procedures

EMITP Electromagnetic Interference Test Procedures

EMITR Electromagnetic Interference Test Report

ERP Effective Radiated Power

ESD Electrostatic Discharge

EUT Equipment Under Test

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FFT Fast Fourier Transform

FWHM Full Width Half Maximum

GFE Government Furnished Equipment

ISO International Organization for Standardization

LISN Line Impedance Stabilization Network

MAD Magnetic Anomaly Detectors

NDI Non-Developmental Item

RF Radio Frequency

RMS Root Mean Square

TEM Transverse Electromagnetic

TPD Transient Protection Device

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General.

Electronic, electrical, and electromechanical equipment and subsystems shall comply with the applicable general interface requirements in 4.2. General requirements for verification shall be in accordance with 4.3. These general requirements are in addition to the applicable detailed emission and susceptibility requirements and associated test procedures defined in 5.

4.2 Interface requirements.

4.2.1 Joint procurement.

Equipment or subsystems procured by one DoD activity for multi-agency use shall comply with the requirements of the user agencies.

4.2.2 Filtering (Navy only).

The use of line-to-ground filters for EMI control shall be minimized. Such filters establish low impedance paths for structure (common-mode) currents through the ground plane and can be a major cause of interference in systems, platforms, or installations because the currents can couple into other equipment using the same ground plane. If such a filter must be employed, the line-to-ground capacitance for each line shall not exceed 0.1 microfarads (μF) for 60 Hertz

(Hz) equipment or 0.02 μF for 400 Hz equipment. For DC-powered equipment, the filter capacitance from each line-to-ground at the user interface shall not exceed 0.075 μF/kW of connected load. For DC loads less than 0.5 kW, the filter capacitance shall not exceed 0.03 μF. The filtering employed shall be fully described in the equipment or subsystem technical manual and the Electromagnetic Interference Control Procedures (EMICP) (see 6.3).

4.2.3 Self-compatibility.

The operational performance of an equipment or subsystem shall not be degraded, nor shall it malfunction, when all of the units or devices in the equipment or subsystem are operating together at their designed levels of efficiency or their design capability.

4.2.4 Non-developmental items (NDI).

In accordance with the guidance provided by the SD-2, the requirements of this standard shall be met when applicable and warranted by the intended installation and platform requirements.

4.2.4.1 Commercial items (CI).

4.2.4.1.1 Selected by contractor.

When it is demonstrated that a CI selected by the contractor is responsible for equipment or subsystems failing to meet the contractual EMI requirements, either the CI shall be modified or replaced or interference suppression measures shall be employed, so that the equipment or subsystems meet the contractual EMI requirements.

4.2.4.1.2 Specified by procuring activity.

When it is demonstrated by the contractor that a CI specified by the procuring activity for use in an equipment or subsystem is responsible for failure of the equipment or subsystem to meet its contractual EMI requirements, the data indicating such failure shall be included in the

Electromagnetic Interference Test Report (EMITR) (see 6.3). No modification or replacement shall be made unless authorized by the procuring activity.

4.2.4.2 Procurement of equipment or subsystems having met other EMI requirements.

Procurement of equipment and subsystems electrically and mechanically identical to those previously procured by activities of DoD or other Federal agencies, or their contractors, shall meet the EMI requirements and associated limits, as applicable in the earlier procurement, unless otherwise specified by the Command or agency concerned.

4.2.5 Government furnished equipment (GFE).

When it is demonstrated by the contractor that a GFE is responsible for failure of an equipment or subsystem to meet its contractual EMI requirements, the data indicating such failure shall be included in the EMITR. No modification shall be made unless authorized by the procuring activity.

4.2.6 Switching transients.

Switching transient emissions that result at the moment of operation of manually actuated switching functions are exempt from the requirements of this standard. Other transient type conditions, such as automatic sequencing following initiation by a manual switching function, shall meet the emissions requirements of this standard.

4.2.7 Interchangeable modular equipment.

The requirements of this standard are verified at the Shop Replaceable Unit, Line Replaceable

Unit, or Integrated Equipment Rack assembly level. When modular equipment such as line replaceable modules are replaced or interchanged within the assembly, additional testing or a similarity assessment is required. The type of assessment shall be approved by the procuring agency.

4.3 Verification requirements.

The general requirements related to test procedures, test facilities, and equipment stated below, together with the detailed test procedures included in section 5, shall be used to determine compliance with the applicable emission and susceptibility requirements of this standard. Any procuring activity approved exceptions or deviations from these general requirements shall be documented in the Electromagnetic Interference Test Procedures

(EMITP) (see 6.3). Equipment intended to be operated as a subsystem shall be tested as such to the applicable emission and susceptibility requirements whenever practical. Formal testing is not to commence without approval of the EMITP by the Command or agency concerned. Data that is gathered as a result of performing tests in one electromagnetic discipline may be sufficient to satisfy requirements in another. Therefore, to avoid unnecessary duplication, a single test program should be established with tests for similar requirements conducted concurrently whenever possible.

4.3.1 Measurement tolerances.

Unless otherwise stated for a particular measurement, the tolerance shall be as follows:

a. Distance: ±5%

b. Frequency: ±2%

c. Amplitude, measurement receiver: ±2 dB

d. Amplitude, measurement system (includes measurement receivers, transducers, cables, and so forth): ±3 dB

e. Time (waveforms): ±5%

f. Resistors: ±5%

g. Capacitors: ±20%

4.3.2 Shielded enclosures.

To prevent interaction between the EUT and the outside environment, shielded enclosures will usually be required for testing. These enclosures prevent external environment signals from contaminating emission measurements and susceptibility test signals from interfering with electrical and electronic items in the vicinity of the test facility. Shielded enclosures shall have adequate attenuation such that the ambient requirements of 4.3.4 are satisfied. The enclosures shall be sufficiently large such that the EUT arrangement requirements of 4.3.8 and antenna positioning requirements described in the individual test procedures are satisfied.

4.3.2.1 Radio frequency (RF) absorber material.

RF absorber material (carbon impregnated foam pyramids, ferrite tiles, and so forth) shall be used when performing electric field radiated emissions or radiated susceptibility testing inside a shielded enclosure to reduce reflections of electromagnetic energy and to improve accuracy and repeatability. The RF absorber shall be placed above, behind, and on both sides of the

EUT, and behind the radiating or receiving antenna as shown on Figure 1. Minimum performance of the material shall be as specified in Table I. The manufacturer's certification of their RF absorber material (basic material only, not installed) is acceptable.

TABLE I. Absorption at normal incidence.

Frequency Minimum absorption

80 MHz - 250 MHz 6 dB above 250 MHz 10 dB

4.3.3 Other test sites.

If other test sites are used, the ambient requirements of 4.3.4 shall be met.

4.3.4 Ambient electromagnetic level.

During testing, the ambient electromagnetic level measured with the EUT de-energized and all auxiliary equipment turned on shall be at least 6 dB below the allowable specified limits when the tests are performed in a shielded enclosure. Ambient conducted levels on power leads shall be measured with the leads disconnected from the EUT and connected to a resistive load which draws the same rated current as the EUT. When tests are performed in a shielded enclosure and the EUT is in compliance with required limits, the ambient profile need not be recorded in the EMITR. When measurements are made outside a shielded enclosure, the tests shall be performed during times and conditions when the ambient is at its lowest level. The ambient shall be recorded in the EMITR and shall not compromise the test results.

4.3.5 Ground plane.

The EUT shall be installed on a ground plane that simulates the actual installation. If the actual installation is unknown or multiple installations are expected, then a metallic ground plane shall be used. Unless otherwise specified below, ground planes shall be 2.25 square meters or larger in area with the smaller side no less than 76 centimeters (cm). When a ground plane is not present in the EUT installation, the EUT shall be placed on a non-conductive table, such as wood or foam.

4.3.5.1 Metallic ground plane.

When the EUT is installed on a metallic ground plane, the ground plane shall have a surface resistance no greater than 0.1 milliohms per square. The DC resistance between metallic ground planes and the shielded enclosure shall be 2.5 milliohms or less. The metallic ground planes shown on Figures 2 through 5 shall be electrically bonded to the floor or wall of the basic shielded room structure at least once every 1 meter. The metallic bond straps shall be solid and maintain a five-to-one ratio or less in length to width. Metallic ground planes used outside a shielded enclosure shall extend at least 2.5 meters beyond the test setup boundary in each direction.

4.3.5.2 Composite ground plane.

When the EUT is installed on a conductive composite ground plane, the surface resistivity of the typical installation shall be used. Composite ground planes shall be electrically bonded to the enclosure with means suitable to the material.

4.3.6 Power source impedance.

The impedance of power sources providing input power to the EUT shall be controlled by Line

Impedance Stabilization Networks (LISNs) for all measurement procedures of this document unless otherwise stated in a particular test procedure. LISNs shall not be used on output power leads. The LISNs shall be located at the power source end of the exposed length of power leads specified in 4.3.8.6.2. LISNs shall be electrically bonded to the test ground plane or facility ground as required and the bond resistance shall not exceed 2.5 milliohms. The LISN circuit shall be in accordance with the schematic shown on Figure 6. The LISN impedance characteristics shall be in accordance with Figure 7. LISN impedance plots shall be provided in the EMITR. If a LISN impedance needs to be verified, it is measured under the following conditions:

a. The impedance shall be measured between the power output lead on the load side of the LISN and the metal enclosure of the LISN.

b. The signal output port of the LISN shall be terminated in fifty ohms.

c. The power input terminal on the power source side of the LISN shall be unterminated.

4.3.7 General test precautions.

4.3.7.1 Accessory equipment.

Accessory equipment used in conjunction with measurement receivers shall not degrade measurement integrity.

4.3.7.2 Excess personnel and equipment.

The test area shall be kept free of unnecessary personnel, equipment, cable racks, and desks.

Only the equipment essential to the test being performed shall be in the test area or enclosure.

Only personnel actively involved in the test shall be permitted in the enclosure. All equipment and ancillary gear including antennas that are not being actively used for a particular subset of radiated tests shall be removed from the test area or shielded enclosure.

4.3.7.3 Overload precautions.

Measurement receivers and transducers are subject to overload, especially receivers without pre-selectors and active transducers. Periodic checks shall be performed to assure that an overload condition does not exist. Instrumentation changes shall be implemented to correct any overload condition.

4.3.7.4 RF hazards.

Some tests in this standard will result in electromagnetic fields which are potentially dangerous to personnel. The permissible exposure levels in DoDI 6055.11 shall not be exceeded in areas where personnel are present. Safety procedures and devices shall be used to prevent accidental exposure of personnel to RF hazards.

4.3.7.5 Shock hazard.

Some of the tests require potentially hazardous voltages to be present. Extreme caution must be taken by all personnel to assure that all safety precautions are observed.

4.3.7.6 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restrictions.

Some of the tests require high level signals to be generated that could interfere with normal

FCC approved frequency assignments. All such testing should be conducted in a shielded enclosure. Some open site testing may be feasible if prior FCC coordination is accomplished.

4.3.8 EUT test configurations.

The EUT shall be configured as shown in the general test setups of Figures 1 through 5 as applicable. These setups shall be maintained during all testing unless other direction is given for a particular test procedure.

4.3.8.1 EUT design status.

EUT hardware, software and firmware shall be representative of production. Software may be supplemented with additional code that provides diagnostic capability to assess performance.

4.3.8.2 Bonding of EUT.

Only the provisions included in the design of the EUT shall be used to bond units such as equipment case and mounting bases together, or to the ground plane. When bonding straps are required, they shall be identical to those specified in the installation drawings. Bonding of the EUT to the ground plane shall be verified to be in accordance with the installation drawings or equipment specification before connecting cables and EMI testing. The verification process and results shall be recorded in the EMITR.

4.3.8.3 Shock and vibration isolators.

EUTs shall be secured to mounting bases having shock or vibration isolators if such mounting bases are used in the installation. The bonding straps furnished with the mounting base shall be connected to the ground plane. When mounting bases do not have bonding straps, bonding straps shall not be used in the test setup.

4.3.8.4 Safety grounds.

When external terminals, connector pins, or equipment grounding conductors are available for safety ground connections and are used in the actual installation, they shall be connected to the ground plane. Arrangement and length shall be in accordance with 4.3.8.6.1.

4.3.8.5 Orientation of EUTs.

EUTs shall be oriented such that surfaces which produce maximum radiated emissions and respond most readily to radiated signals face the measurement antennas. Bench mounted

EUTs shall be located 10 ±2 cm from the front edge of the ground plane subject to allowances for providing adequate room for cable arrangement as specified below.

4.3.8.6 Construction and arrangement of EUT cables.

Electrical cable assemblies shall simulate actual installation and usage. Shielded cables or shielded leads within cables shall be used only if they have been specified in installation requirements. Input (primary) power leads, returns, and wire grounds shall not be shielded.

Cables shall be checked against installation requirements to verify proper construction techniques such as use of twisted pairs, shielding, and shield terminations. Details on the cable construction used for testing shall be included in the EMITP.

4.3.8.6.1 Interconnecting leads and cables.

Individual leads shall be grouped into cables in the same manner as in the actual installation.

Total interconnecting cable lengths in the setup shall be the same as in the actual platform installation. If a cable is longer than 10 meters, at least 10 meters shall be included. When cable lengths are not specified for the installation, cables shall be sufficiently long to satisfy the conditions specified below. At least the first 2 meters (except for cables which are shorter in the actual installation) of each interconnecting cable associated with each enclosure of the EUT shall be run parallel to the front boundary of the setup. Remaining cable lengths shall be routed to the back of the setup, positioned 5 cm above the ground plane, and shall be placed in a zig-zagged arrangement, minimizing cable overlap or crossing. When the setup includes more than one cable, individual cables shall be separated by 2 cm measured from their outer circumference. For bench top setups using ground planes, the cable closest to the front boundary shall be placed 10 cm from the front edge of the ground plane. All cables shall be supported 5 cm above the ground plane with non-conductive material such as wood or foam. If the EUT is a tall cabinet and the cables are routed from top or near the top, then the cables shall be routed down to the bench ground plane and then 2 meters shall be run parallel to the front edge of the boundary. If the EUT is a floor standing unit and the cables are routed from the top, then the cables shall be routed down to the bench ground plane and then 2 meters shall be run parallel to the front edge of the boundary. If the cables are routed from the bottom, then the cables shall be routed up to the bench ground plane and then 2 meters shall be run parallel to the front edge of the boundary.

4.3.8.6.2 Input (primary) power leads.

Two meters of input power leads (including neutrals and returns) shall be routed parallel to the front edge of the setup in the same manner as the interconnecting leads. Each input power lead, including neutrals and returns, shall be connected to a LISN (see 4.3.6).