This effort encompasses research to define the molecular recognition principles by which two diverse toxin sponge protein classes, frog saxiphilins (SXPHS) and pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin…

The Defense Threat Reduction Agency awarded The Regents of the University of California, San Francisco $668,055 on February 25, 2026, under the Scientific Research—Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction program (CFDA 12.351).

The effort encompasses research to define the molecular recognition principles by which two diverse toxin sponge protein classes—frog saxiphilins and pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding proteins—recognize diverse guanidinium toxins, including saxitoxin, saxitoxin congeners such as neosaxitoxin, and tetrodotoxin. This action adds incremental funding to an existing project.

Work is performed in San Francisco, California, with a period of performance running through February 24, 2031.

This effort encompasses research to define the molecular recognition principles by which two diverse toxin sponge protein classes, frog saxiphilins (SXPHS) and pufferfish saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin binding proteins (PSTBPS) recognize diverse guanidinium toxins, including STX, STX congeners like neostx, and tetrodotoxin (TTX).