A07_TOP_01-1-011A_Part_1.pdf

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1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)

27-02-2012

2. REPORT TYPE

Final

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 01-1-011A Vehicle Test Facilities at Aberdeen Test Center and Yuma Test Center

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHORS 5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Automotive Directorate (TEDT-AT-AD) US Army Aberdeen Test Center 400 Colleran Road Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5059

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

TOP 01-1-011A

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Range Infrastructure Division (CSTE-TM) US Army Test and Evaluation Command 2202 Aberdeen Boulevard Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5001

10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S

ACRONYM(S)

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT

NUMBER(S)

Same as item 8

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), AD No.:

This TOP supersedes TOP 01-1-011, dated 6 July 1981.

Marginal notations are not used in this revision to identify changes, with respect to the previous issue, due to the extent of the changes.

14. ABSTRACT

This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) describes the vehicle test facilities of Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland and the automotive test courses located at Yuma Test Center (YTC), Arizona.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

ATC YTC automotive test courses paved gravel cross-country

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF

ABSTRACT

SAR

18. NUMBER

OF

PAGES

19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON

a. REPORT B. ABSTRACT C. THIS PAGE

Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18

U.S. ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMAND

TEST OPERATIONS PROCEDURE

*Test Operations Procedure 01-1-011A 27 February 2012 DTIC AD No.

VEHICLE TEST FACILITIES AT ABERDEEN TEST CENTER

AND YUMA TEST CENTER

Page Paragraph 1. SCOPE

2. ABERDEEN TEST CENTER COURSES

2.1 Churchville Test Area (CTA)

2.2 Environmental Testing Facilities

2.3 Dynamometer Course

2.4 Mile Loop

2.5 Mountain Highway

2.6 Munson Test Area (MTA)

2.7 Automotive Technology Evaluation Facility (ATEF)

2.8 Perryman Test Area (PTA)

2.9 Phillips Army Airfield (PAAF)

2.10 Lift and Tie-Down Facility

2.11 Automotive Laboratory Facilities

2.12 Fire Control Test Facilities

2.13 Scalable Net Centric Test Area (SNCTA)

2.14 Rail Transport Facility

3. YUMA TEST CENTER COURSES AND FACILITIES

3.1 Yuma Test Center Durability Courses

3.2 Yuma Test Center Performance Courses

3.3 Yuma Test Center Off-Site Courses

3.4 Yuma Test Center Direct Fire Ranges

3.5 Yuma Test Center Test Facilities

3.6 Yuma Test Center Maintenance Facilities

APPENDIX A. ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................... A-1 B. REFERENCES ...................................................................... B-1

*This TOP supersedes TOP 01-1-011, dated 6 July 1981.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

TOP 01-1-011A

27 February 2012

1. SCOPE.

a. This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) describes the vehicle test facilities of the US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland and the automotive test courses located at the US Army Yuma Test Center (YTC) at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Arizona (as outlined in Tables 1 and 2). It is designed for use in planning tests of wheeled and tracked vehicles, including vehicular weapon systems. It does not include descriptions of the equipment and instrumentation used to obtain test data. Automotive laboratory instrumentation and field test equipment and instrumentation descriptions are covered in TOP 02-1-0021**. The test facilities at ATC meet the needs of the vibration environment categories of Military Standard (MIL-STD)-810G2, procedure 514.6 Vibration.

TABLE 1. ATC COURSE COMPOSITION/LENGTHS AND FACILITIES

TOP SECTION

NO.

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

METRIC ENGLISH

2.1 Churchville Test Area

(CTA)

Hilly Cross-Country (Course A)

12 Severe, wooded and rocky terrain

Not Applicable

(NA)

NA

Hilly Cross-Country (Course B)

12 Native soil and stone, grades to 29%

5.8 km 3.6 mi

Hilly Secondary Road (Course C)

13 Grades to 10% 2.4 km 1.5 mi

Prepared Dirt Slopes 13 Grades of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 60%, Side slopes of 30 and 40%

37 to 183 m 120 to 600 ft

Harford Loop 13 Paved, rolling hills 29.8 m 18.5 mi Conowingo Loop 14 Paved 74.9 km 46.5 mi

2.2 Environmental Test Facilities

Multi-Purpose Environmental Chamber

14 Temperature range from -57 to 77 ºC (-70 to 170 ºF)

12.2 x 22.9 x 7.3 m

40 x 75 x 24 ft

Mobility Test Chamber 15 Temperature range from -54 to 74 ºC (-65 to 165 ºF)

9.2 x 18.3 m 30 x 60 ft

Firing Test Chamber 16 Temperature range from -54 to 74 ºC (-65 to 165 ºF)

12.2 x

12.2 m

40 x 40 ft

Vibration Facility 16 Electrodynamic Vibration System

177,929 N 40,000 lb

Climatic Simulation Facilities

17 Wind machine 161 km/hr 100 mph Stationary temperature – humidity chamber

2.8 x 2.4 x

1.9 m

9.5 x 7.9 x

6.4 ft

Portable chambers 1.8 x 1.4 x

1.5 m

6 x 4.7 x 5 ft

Solar radiation chamber 3 x 3.7 x 1 m

10 x 12 x 3 ft

17 Electromagnetic Interference Test Facility (EMITF)

28.7 x 18.3 x 8.5 m

94 x 60 x28 ft

2.3 Dynamometer

Course

Dynamometer Course 18 Bituminous concrete 1.6 km 1 mi

**Superscript numbers correspond to Appendix B, References.

TABLE 1. CONT’D

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

2.4 Mile Loop

Mile Loop 19 Paved and gravel 1.6 km 1 mi Winch Test Facility 19 Concrete base NA NA Pothole-Crosstie Course 20 Concrete potholes 61 m 200 ft

20 Wooden crossties in concrete 40 m 132 ft 1-Inch Bump Course 21 Iron rod in concrete 67 m 220 ft Rain Towers 21 Two towers 9.1 m 30 ft

2.5 Mountain Highway

Mountain Highway 21 Paved 64.4 km 40 mi

2.6 Munson Test Area (MTA)

Paved Road 24 Bituminous concrete 681 m 2235 ft Improved Gravel Road 25 Compacted gravel 3.2 km 2 mi Rolling Hill Course 25 Compacted stone/dust 620 m 2034 ft Sand Course 26 Washed beach sand 163 m 503 ft Rubble Pile 27 Large boulders, concrete, steel 30.5 m 100 ft Corrosion Facility 27 Various corrosive environments NA NA Abrasive Mud Course 28 Sand loam 73 x 290 m 240 x 950 ft Fording Basin 30 Concrete 82 m 270 ft Underwater Fording Facility

31 Concrete 96 m 315 ft

Amphibian Ramp 31 Bituminous concrete 6 x 15 m 21 x 50 ft Shallow Water Swimming Area

32 Channel, 3 m deep x 15 m wide (10 x 50 ft)

305 m 1000 ft

Belgian Block Course 33 Granite blocks in concrete 1.2 km 0.8 mi Imbedded Rock Course 34 Granite stones in concrete 244 m 800 ft Side Slopes 35 Concrete: 20% 83 m 271 ft

Concrete: 30% 220 m 723 ft Concrete: 40% 91 m 300 ft

Gradeability Slopes 36 Asphalt: 5% 147 m 483 ft Asphalt: 10% 91 m 300 ft Asphalt: 15% 78 m 256 ft Asphalt: 20% 61 m 199 ft Concrete: 30% 45 m 149 ft Concrete: 40% 34 m 112 ft Concrete: 45% 18 m 59 ft Concrete: 50% 30 m 97 ft Concrete: 60% 25 m 81 ft

Simulated Loading Ramps

37 Concrete: 20 º 12 m 40 ft Concrete: 15 º 6 m 20 ft

2-Inch Washboard 39 Concrete 251 m 822 ft 2- to 4-Inch Radial Washboard

40 Concrete 74 m 243 ft

3-Inch Spaced Bump 41 Concrete 233 m 764 ft 6-Inch Washboard 41 Concrete 243 m 798 ft Wave Course 42 Concrete 135 m 443 ft Vertical Walls 43 Concrete and Wood NA NA Bridging Device 44 Steel NA NA Standard Ditch Profile 45 Concrete 7.8 m 25 ft 6 in.

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

2.6 Munson Test Area (MTA)

Turning Circle 46 Concrete 76 m 250 ft Profile IV Course 47 Concrete 142 m 465 ft Marsh 48 Low soil strength, heavy vegetation

NA NA

Load Vibration Course 48 Concrete, gravel, and paved 2.9 km 1.8 mi Fuel Consumption Course 49 Gravel, paved 2.4 km 1.5 mi Urban Terrain Course 51 Concrete, gravel, and paved 5.6 km 3.5 mi Land Vehicle Maintenance Facility (B338)

53 Shop area of 45,000 square ft NA NA

Half Rounds for Ride Quality

53 Reinforced steel pipe NA NA

2.7 Automotive Technology Evaluation

Facility (ATEF)

ATEF 53 Paved and gravel 61 m x

7.2 km

200 ft x

5.2 mi

2.8 Perryman Test

Area (PTA)

Perryman No. 1 57 Moderate; native loam with quarry spall/gravel

8.4 km 5.2 mi

Perryman No. 2 57 Moderately rough; native loam with quarry spall

2.9 km 1.8 mi

Perryman No. 3 58 Rough; native loam 5.3 km 3.3 mi Perryman No. 4 59 Severe; native loam with natural marsh 4 km 2.5 mi

Perryman No. 5 59 Extremely severe; Gabion (No.

6 stone)

152 m 500 ft

3-Mile Straight-away 60 Bituminous concrete (including turnarounds)

6.1 km 3.8 mi

Mud Bypass Course 60 Native loam prepared by tilling 213 m 700 ft Secondary Road A 61 Unimproved country road, sweeping turns

3.9 km 2.4 mi

Secondary Road B 61 Unimproved road, level straight-away

5.1 km 3.2 mi

2.9 Phillips Army

Airfield

(PAAF)

PAAF 61 One runway 2438 x 61 m 8000 x 200 ft

2.10 Lift and Tie-

Down Facility

Lift and Tie-Down 63 54 tons (metric) (60 tons) hydraulic load system

NA NA

2.11 Automotive Laboratory Facilities

Automotive Engineering Test Facility (B436)

63 Shop area of 30,000 square ft NA NA

Tilt Table 64 Steel platform 30.5 x 4.3 m 100 x 14 ft Roadway Simulator 66 Support vehicles up to

36,300 kg (80,000 lb)

NA NA

Vehicle Durability Simulator

66 Support 2-axle vehicles up to 11,790 kg (26,000 lb)

NA NA

Tire Test Rig 67 NA NA NA

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

2.11 Automotive Laboratory Facilities

Shock Absorber Dynamometer

68 NA NA NA

Moment of Inertia Test Facility

69 Support vehicles up to 63 tons (metric) (70 tons)

NA NA

Powertrain Dynamometer Facility

70 Engine dynamometers rated at 350 hp and 600 hp

NA NA

Wheeled Vehicle Roller Brake Dynamometer

70 Brake forces up to 45 kN (10,000 lb) at axle weights up to 2000 kg (44,000 lb)

NA NA

Platform Scales 71 Vehicle weight up to 90,700 kg (200,000 lb)

NA NA

2.12 Fire Control

Test Facilities

Fire Control Test Ranges 71 Ranges for direct fire; moving target; cross-country courses

1.6 km 1 mi

Tank Armament Test Range (Henry Field)

72 Direct fire range 3 km 1.9 mi

Evasive Target Firing Range (TW I)

76 Evasive laser beam target 2.4 km 1.5 mi

Moving Target Simulator 77 Air supported hemisphere 30.5 m radius

100 ft radius

Multiple Target Firing Range (TW II)

78 Stationary vehicle/stationary target

4 km 2.5 mi

Ride Quality Courses (Henry Field)

79 Gravel roads 100 to 160 m

330 to 530 ft

2.13 Scalable Net Centric Test

Area (SNCTA)

Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV) Test Course

79 Various surfaces and obstacles 36.6 x 67 m 120 x 220 ft

Large Unmanned Ground Vehicle (LUGV) Test Course

80 Various surfaces and obstacles NA NA

2.14 Rail Transport

Facility

Rail Transport Facility 80 Facility/equipment to ensure compliance with Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command transportation certification requirements

Notes:

km = kilometer mi = mile m = meter ft = foot C = Celsius F = Fahrenheit N = Newton lb = pound hr = hour mph = miles per hour

in. = inch hp = horsepower kN = kilonewton TW = Trench Warfare

TABLE 2. YTC COURSE COMPOSITION/LENGTHS AND FACILITIES

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

3.1 YTC Durability

Test Courses

Patton Level Gravel 82 Compacted gravel 5.6 km 3.5 mi Patton Hilly Trails 82 Sand, gravel, rock, grades to

40%

4.2 km 2.6 mi

Patton Level Trails 83 Level Sand, undulating terrain

10.5 km 6.5 mi

Patton Hilly Gravel 83 Sand, gravel, rock, grades to 30%

8.0 km 5.0 mi

Kofa High Speed Gravel 84 Compacted gravel 6.7 km 4.2 mi Kofa Level Gravel 84 Compacted gravel 5.0 km 3.0 mi Laguna Level Trails, East 85 Sand, gravel 4.5 km 2.8 mi Laguna Level Trails, West

86 Sand, gravel

9.0 km 5.6 mi

Laguna Hilly Trails 86 Sand, gravel, rock, grades 3.3 km 2.1 mi Middle East 87 Loamy sand, gravel 33.3 km 20.7 mi Rock Ledge 88 Sand, cobbled rock 6.3 km 3.9 mi Desert March 89 Sand, gravel 40.8 km 25.4 mi Vapor Lock Wash 90 Gravel 4.0 km 2.5 mi Highway 95 90 Asphalt 80 km 50 mi Bereznuk Track Evaluation

90 Sand, cobbled rock

2.4 km 1.5 mi

Tire Bruise 91 Sand, cobbled rock 2.1 km 1.3 mi Patton Wash 92 Sand, gravel 3.7 km 2.3 mi Patton Off Road 93 Sand, cobbled rock 5.0 km 3.1 mi

3.2

YTC

Performance Test Courses

Longitudinal Grades 94 Concrete: 5% 37.8 m 124 ft Concrete: 10% 45.1 m 148 ft Concrete: 20% 91.4 m 300 ft Concrete: 30% 72.5 m 238 ft Concrete: 40% 47.2 m 155 ft Concrete: 60% 32.3 m 106 ft

Roll On/Roll Off Ship Ramps

95 Metal: 12° 18.3 m 60 ft Metal: 15° 14.6 m 48 ft

Side Slopes 96 Concrete: 10% 150.8 m 495 ft Concrete: 15% 151.2 m 496 ft Concrete: 20% 150.8 m 495 ft Concrete: 30% 121.3 m 398 ft Concrete: 40% 72.8 m 239 ft

Sand Grades 96 Sand: 5% 61 m 200 ft Sand: 10% 30 m 100 ft Sand: 15% 55 m 180 ft Sand: 20% 37 m 120 ft

TABLE 2. CONT’D

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

3.2

YTC

Performance Test Courses

Fording Basin 97 Concrete (L x W) 67 x 25 m 220 x 82 ft Kofa Dust Course 98 Sand, Dust 3.2 km 2.0 mi Cibola Dust Course 99 Sand, Dust 6.3 km 3.9 mi Cibola Mud Course 100 Sand, Clay 152.4 m 500 ft Dyno Mud Course 100 Sand, Clay, Silt 0.6 km 0.4 km Laguna Mud Course 100 Clay 0.6 km 0.4 mi Sand Dynamometer 101 Sand NA NA Ride Dynamics 102 Compacted Gravel 251 to 305 m 825 to 1000 ft Fuel Transfer and Test Site Area

102 Concrete Pad 12 m x 37 m 40 ft x 120 ft

Airfield Delivery Loading Ramp

103 Concrete Pad 96 by 148 m 315 by 485 ft

Half Rounds and Curb Impact Course

104 Asphalt with interchangeable half round drums

10, 15, 20, 25, 30 cm

4, 6, 8, 10, 12 in.

C-130 Air Transportability Test Bed

105 C-130 Hulk

NA NA

Urban Rubble 106 Concrete boulders 91.5 m 300 ft Hot Weather Test Complex

107 Asphalt

7.2 km 4.5 mi

Laguna High Speed Paved Oval

107 Asphalt

7.2 km 4.5 mi

Laguna Paved 108 Asphalt 3.2 km 2.0 mi GM High Speed Circle Track

109 Asphalt

5.6 km 3.5 mi

GM Vehicle Dynamics Pad

109 Asphalt 304 x 304 m

1,000 x 1,000 ft

GM Performance Straight Track

109 Asphalt

4.8 km 3.0 mi

GM Engineered Ride Road

109 Asphalt and concrete

5.0 km 3.1 mi

GM Belgian Block and Granite Block

110 Granite 76 m 250 ft

Potholes Course 110 Steel potholes embedded in gravel

39.9 m 161 ft

Vertical Steps 110 Concrete steps with replaceable timber edges

30, 46, 61, 76, and 91 cm

12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 in.

“V” Ditch 111 Concrete: Direct Approach 7.6 m 25 ft Concrete: Angled Approach 7.0 m 23 ft

MOUT Obstacle Course 112 Concrete Curb 4.3 m 14 ft Log obstacle 9.1 m 30 ft Washboard Terrain 6.1 m 20 ft 9 in Half Rounds (length) 16.8 m 55 ft Steel Staircase (length) 6.1 m 20 ft

Winch Test Facility 114 Concrete Deadman (max load) 578,000 N (130,000 lb)

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

3.2

YTC

Performance Test Courses

Lift/Tiedown Test Facility

115 Max Longitudinal Force 1,000,000 N (240,000 lb); Max Lateral Force 400,000 N (90,000 lb); Max Vertical Force 266,000 N (60,000 lb)

NA NA

Bridging Test Area 117 Sand and Gravel NA NA Tilt Table 119 Lifting Capacity 136,000 kg

(300,000 lb)

3.6 m x 27 m

12 ft x 90 ft

Boresight Slopes 119 Sand and Gravel NA NA 3.3

YTC Off-Site Courses

Imperial Sand Dunes, CA 120 Loose Sand 48.3 x

64.4 km

30 x 40 mi

Rail Impact 121 Rail 480 m 1,575 ft Safari (Interstate 8) 122 Paved Highway, Asphalt 530 km 348 mi Safari (Death Valley National Monument)

123 Paved Roads, Asphalt 295 km 183 mi

3.4 YTC Direct Fire Ranges

Combat Systems Direct Fire Range

123 Sand and Gravel 2 x 7 km 3460 acres

Moving Target Range 125 Caswell Target Max Speed 32 kph (20 mph). Oehler Target Max Speed 18 kph (11 mph)

2500 m 1.6 mi

3.5 YTC Test Facilities

Rain Facility (Rain and Blowing Rain)

126 Chamber (W x L x H) 6.1 x 12.2 x

4.1 m

20 x 40 x

13.5 ft

Door (W x H)

9.6 x 5.5 m 31.5 x 18 ft

Blown Air Dust and Sand System (BADSS)

127 Max Speed 96 kmph 60 mph

Diameter

1.8 m 6 ft

Material Feed Rate 9 to 18 kg/min

20 to 40 lb/min

Load Handling System (LHS) Simulators

128 Fabricated steel structure with LHS and hydraulic system

NA NA

Environmental Chamber with Weapons Firing Capabilities

129 Dimensions (L x W x H) 13.7 x 8.8 x

4.4 m

45 x 29 x

14.5 ft

Door (W x H)

5.2 x 4.0 m 17 x 13.2 ft

Temperature Range -54 to +71 ºC (-65 to +160 ºF) Humidity: 5 to 95 percent RH

NA NA

Large Multipurpose Environmental Chamber

(LMPEC)

130 Main Chamber (L x W x H) 13.1 x 6.1 x 3 m

43 x 20 x 10 ft

Antechamber (L x W x H) 1.8 x 1.8 x

2.0 m

6 x 6 x 6.6 ft

Door (W x H)

5.1 x 3.9 m 17 x 13 ft

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

3.5 YTC Test Facilities

Large Multipurpose Environmental Chamber

(LMPEC)

130 Firing Port (W x H)

1.2 x 2.4 m 4 x 8 ft

Temperature Range -54 to +71 ºC (-65 to +160 ºF) Humidity: 5 to 95 percent RH

NA NA

Climatic Simulation Facility (Vehicle Component Level Tests)

132 Hot/Cold with Humidity Chamber max temperature range: -57 to +82 ºC (-70 to +180 ºF)

NA NA

Hot with Humidity Chamber max temperature range: +4 to 82 ºC (+40 to +180 ºF)

NA NA

Cold without Humidity Chamber max temperature range: -57 ºC (-70 ºF)

NA NA

Hot/Cold without Humidity max temperature range: -54 to +63 ºC (-65 to +145 ºF)

NA NA

Altitude Chamber max temperature range: -57 to +74 ºC (-70 to +165 ºF)

NA NA

Salt Fog Chamber max temperature range: +35 ºC (+95 ºF)

NA NA

Immersion Tank max temperature range: 113 L (4 cu ft)

NA NA

Solar Chamber max temperature range: +4 to +82 ºC (+40 to +180 ºF)

NA NA

Material Analysis Laboratory

134 Building Size 650 m2 7,000 ft2

Starter Test Stand 137 ST-24 Computerized Starter Tester

NA NA

Tire Maintenance Facility 138 Maintenance Facility NA NA Tire X-ray Facility 138 LumenX 1027B Inspection

System

NA NA

Hybrid Electric Facility 139 Facility and Load Banks 250 KW max

NA

Vibration Facility 140 Six electromagnetic vibration systems NA NA

Physical Test Facility 140 Physical measurements, non-destructive measurements, material properties testing, and mass properties testing

NA NA

Site 3 Drop Test Facility 140 Item Capacity and Height 453 kg at 9 m

1,000 lb at 30 ft

12 Meter Drop Test Facility

141 Item Capacity and Height 1,800 kg at 18 m

4,000 lb at 60 ft

TEST

COURSE

PAGE

NO.

COURSE

TYPE

COURSE LENGTH

3.6

YTC

Maintenance Facilities

Operations and Maintenance Division Complex

142 Maintenance Facility with Secure Storage yard 891 m2 9,600 ft2

Main Test Maintenance Facility

142 Maintenance Facility with Lighted Storage yard 8,300 m2 90,000 ft2

Ancillary Test Maintenance Facility

143 Maintenance Facility with Lighted Storage yard 2,483 m2 26,712 ft2

MT Test Maintenance Facility

143 Maintenance Facility 1486 m2 16,000 ft2

Welding and Metal Shop Facility

143 Maintenance Facility 5,417 m2 58,310 ft2

b. The test facilities at ATC contain approximately 64 km (40 mi) of automotive test courses on more than 1320 hectares (3300 acres) of land. In addition, there are water areas and firing ranges for vehicle testing. Each automotive test course and facility is designed to meet a particular military vehicle specification and many exceed commercial standards. Information regarding test course severity is located in TOP 01-1-0103.

c. The test facilities at YTC contain more than 100 miles of test courses. Although YTC spans over 1,300 square miles, the automotive durability and performance courses and test facilities are situated within close proximity of each other within the southern portion of YTC, which allow for tailoring vehicle tests to any specified mission profile.

2. ABERDEEN TEST CENTER COURSES.

2.1 Churchville Test Area (CTA).

a. Purchased in 1942, this area is north of the town of Churchville, and borders the east side of Maryland Highway 136 and the south side of Deer Creek (Figures 1 and 2). It consists of

98.7 hectares (244 acres), located approximately 19 km (12 mi) from APG, and is used for endurance testing of all types of automotive vehicles. It is well suited for determining the durability and reliability of engines and power train systems.

Figure 1. Aerial view of Churchville Test Area.

Figure 2. Topographic map of Churchville Test Area.

b. Hilly Cross-Country Courses.

(1) The entire Churchville area is characterized by a series of steep hills with slopes as great as 30 percent, and is heavily wooded in some parts. Test courses are in closed loops over and around the hills.

(2) Course A, more accurately identified as an area, is the most severe of the hilly cross-country courses. It is heavily wooded and includes rocky terrain, ravines, steep grades as great as 30 percent, and side slopes.

(3) Course B (Figure 3 and 4), consists of grades as steep as 29 percent. The terrain is moderate to rough native soil and stone ranging from muddy to dusty, depending on the weather.

Figure 3. Hilly Cross-Country Course B.

Figure 4. Hilly Cross-Country Course B.

(4) Course C is a 2.4-km (1-1/2-mi) secondary road with controlling grades of 10 percent and a turnaround at each end, as shown in Figure 2. The course is well suited for tests of trailers and semi-trailers. Dirt side slopes of 30 and 40 percent are available for mobility and stability challenges. The dirt slope gradients can be reconfigured to suit specific test requirements with advanced planning. The soil type associated with the dirt slopes conforms to the Unified Soil Classification System, type SC.

c. Prepared Dirt Slopes. These slopes are used for controlled tests to evaluate the tractive ability of vehicles. Five longitudinal slopes: (1) 10 percent, 67 meters (220 ft), (2) 15 percent, 76 meters (250 ft), (3) 20 percent, 67 meters (220 ft), (4) 25 percent, 183 meters (600 ft), and (5) 60 percent, 37 meters (120 ft) are particularly useful for measuring mobility performance and for comparison tests of experimental and standard vehicles. Dirt side slopes of 30 and 40 percent are available for mobility and stability challenges. The dirt slope gradients can be reconfigured to suit specific test requirements with advanced planning. The soil type associated with the dirt slopes conforms to the Unified Soil Classification System, type SC.

d. Harford Loop. The Harford Loop is a paved, closed loop course comprised of local highways located north of the CTA. It is 29 km (18.5 mi) in length and is generally described as gentle rolling hills with grades ranging from 2 to 10 percent, and includes three stop signs and one traffic light. It is driven at posted speed limits ranging between 48 and 80 km/hr (30 and 50 mph) to determine vehicle fuel consumption characteristics. A mapping of the course, outlined in blue, is presented in Figure 5.

e. Conowingo Loop. The Conowingo Loop is a paved, closed loop course, 75 km (46.5 mi) in length, comprised of segments of local and federal public highways located north of the CTA of ATC. The course is designed to satisfy requirements of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) procedures J12644, J13215, and J15266, which are used to assess medium to heavy duty in-service vehicles. A mapping of the course, outlined in red, is presented in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Harford Loop and Conowingo Loop map locations.

2.2 Environmental Testing Facilities.

The facilities described below are used for simulated environmental testing of a variety of equipment at ATC. Some of these chambers are of the proper size and capacity to accommodate automotive vehicles and allow the firing of a variety of weapons.

a. Multi-Purpose Environmental Test Chamber. This spacious multipurpose facility provides temperature, humidity, and icing testing capabilities meeting the requirements of MIL- STD-810G. The chamber is 12.2 meters wide by 22.9 meters long by 7.3 meters high (40 ft wide by 75 ft long by 24 ft high) and is divided into two 12.2- by 11.3-meter (40- by 37-ft) chambers having independent climatic controls. The chamber has a 4.9- by 4.9-meter (16- by 16-ft) door (Figure 6). The temperature range is -57 to 77 ºC (-70 to 170 ºF). An adjacent area is available for data acquisition and control instrumentation.

Figure 6. Multi-purpose Environmental Test Chamber.

b. Mobility Test Chamber. The Mobility Test Chamber (Figure 7) is utilized for non-firing tests at extreme environmental conditions. The facility has two test cells each, approximately 9.2 m wide by 18.3 m long (30 ft wide by 60 ft long). Temperature conditions are variable from -54 ºC (-65 ºF) to 74 ºC (165 ºF) with 141.6 cubic meters per minute (cmm) (5,000 cubic feet per minute (cfm)) conditioned makeup air and exhaust systems. The facility also has a solar array used to simulate extreme solar environments.

Figure 7. Mobility Test Chamber.

c. Firing Test Chamber. The Firing Test Chamber (Figure 8) has large and small caliber firing capability at extreme environmental conditions. Extreme conditions are variable from - 54 ºC (-65 ºF) to 74 ºC (165 ºF) with 5,000 cfm conditioned makeup air and exhaust systems.

Figure 8. Firing Test Chamber.

d. Vibration Facility. Three remotely controlled electrodynamic vibration systems capable of testing to MIL-STD-810G are available. These systems are used for shock and vibration testing of vehicle components, equipment, weapons, and ammunition (Figures 9a and 9b). Laboratory vibration schedules are developed from field data. Vibration exciter force capabilities are available up to 178 kN (40,000 pound force) in single axis, three planes. The available temperature range available is from -57 to 77 ºC (-70 to 170 ºF).

Figure 9a. Vibration facility vertical exciter. Figure 9b. Vibration facility horizontal exciter.

e. Climatic Simulation Facilities. These facilities (some of which are shown in Figures 10a and 10b) provide climate test support. Three portable wind machines generate up to 161 km/hr (100 mph) winds. In addition, a portable wind-driven rain machine produces 10 cm/hr (4 in./hr) of rain with up to 80 km/hr (50 mph) wind. Two stationary temperature-humidity chambers 2.8 by 2.4 by 1.9 m (9.5 by 7.9 by 6.4 ft) and nine portable units 1.8 by 1.4 by 1.5 m (6.0 by 4.7 by 5.0 ft) having temperature ranges -62 to 93 ºC (-80 to 200 ºF) with humidity up to 100 percent are available. A solar radiation chamber 3 by 3.7 by 1 m (10 by 12 by 3 ft) is also available. Pressurized water up to 345 kilopascals (kPa) (50 pounds per square inch (psi)) can be provided over a 3.7 by 7.3 m (12.0 by 24.0 ft) area. Steam pressure up to 103 kPa (15 psi) and 118 ºC (245 ºF) is available in a 2.1-m diameter by 3.7-m long (7 by

12.0 ft) vessel.

Figure 10a. Solar radiation chamber. Figure 10b. Salt test.

f. Electromagnetic Interference Test Facility (EMITF). This multiservice test facility is one of the largest of its type. The facility consists of three test chambers, the largest of which measures 28.7 m long by 18.3 m wide by 8.5 m high (94 by 60 by 28 ft), making it large enough for combat vehicles, tactical trucks, large caliber weapons systems, and helicopters (Figure 11).

Testing is available through the frequency range of 16 Hertz (Hz) to 40 Gigahertz (GHz), with susceptibility levels up to 200 volts per meter (V/m). Testing can be accomplished in accordance with Military, SAE, Comite International Special de Perturbations Radioectriques (CISPR), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) standards. The shielded enclosure has magnetic field attenuation of 40 decibels (dB), 14 kHz to 1 Megahertz (MHz), electric field attenuation of 90 dB, 14 kHz to 30 MHz, and plane wave attenuation of 90 dB, 30 MHz to 1000 MHz.

Figure 11. Electromagnetic Interference Test Facility.

2.3 Dynamometer Course.

a. This course, in the Michaelsville area of ATC, is constructed of reinforced concrete, with a hot mixed bituminous surface making it suitable for operations of the heaviest tracked vehicles. The course has a total gradient of less than 0.1 percent in its 1.6-km (1-mi) length, and turnarounds are provided at each end. It is used for closely controlled engineering tests such as drawbar pull (Figure 12), tractive resistance measurements, coast-down, braking, and fuel consumption. These tests are conducted at low to moderate speeds.

Figure 12. Drawbar pull test conducted on Dynamometer Course.

b. A gravel connector between the straight portions of the Perryman No. 1 course and Secondary Road A (Section 2.8) is referred to as the Dirt Dynamometer Course. It provides an approximately 2.4 km (1.5 mi) straight, level, dirt surface to allow dynamometer testing of steel-tracked vehicles which could damage paved surfaces.

2.4 Mile Loop.

a. This oval-shaped facility was originally constructed in 1933 as a level concrete course for continuous high-speed operating tests of vehicles (Figure 13). The Mile Loop consists of two straight sections, each 0.4 km (0.25 mi) long, joined at each end by 0.4-km sections of regular curvature to form an oval totaling 1.6 km (1 mi) in circumference. The curves are slightly banked at a gradient of 4 percent.

Figure 13. Aerial view of the Mile Loop.

b. The course has been modified by covering and maintaining the surface with hot mixed bituminous concrete and by adding a gravel surface parallel to and outside the oval. Located within the Mile Loop are additional facilities, as described below.

(1) Winch Test Facility. This device has a restraining capability of 445 kN (100,000 lb), and is used mainly as an anchor during winch performance and endurance testing.

(2) Pothole-Crosstie Course. This oval facility is situated on a concrete pad within the mile loop, and consists of a series of concrete potholes on one straight side of the oval, a series of wooden crossties on the opposite straight side, and two 10.7-meter (35-ft) radius gravel ends connecting the two straight sections.

(a) The pothole section consists of eight concrete potholes 5 m (17 ft) apart (8 m (25 ft) center to center) (Figure 14). Each pothole is l.8 m (6.0 ft) wide, 2.4 m (8.0 ft) long, and

30.5 cm (12.0 in.) deep, sunk flush with the concrete surface. The sides of each pothole are sloped 45 percent (24.2 degrees) and the ends are sloped 100 percent (45 degrees). The total length of this segment of the course is 61 m (200 ft).

Figure 14. Pothole section of Pothole-Crosstie Course.

(b) The crosstie section of the course consists of 11 crossties, 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long,

15.2 cm (6.0 in.) high, and 15.2 cm (6.0 in.) wide, mounted flush with the concrete surface by means of 7.6 cm (3.0 in.) angle iron. The ties are spaced at 3.7 m (12.0 ft) intervals (center to center) at alternate right and left sides of the course. The total length of this segment is 40.1 m (132 ft). Figure 15 shows a vehicle negotiating the Pothole-Crosstie Course.

Figure 15. Vehicle negotiating Pothole Test Course.

(3) 1-Inch Bump Course. The 2.5-cm (1-in.) bumps are iron rods, 4.3 m (14 ft) long, 5 cm (2 in.) wide and 2.5 cm high, mounted on the flat concrete surface in the center of the pothole-crosstie course. A total of 39 1-inch bumps are spaced at random 1.5- and 1.8-meter (5-and 6-ft) intervals perpendicular to the direction of travel. The course length is 67 m (220 ft).

(4) Rain Towers. The rain towers at ATC offer a dynamic rain course where personnel perform simulated combat activities. The course consists of two 9.1 m (30 ft) high towers that accommodate items up to 9.1 by 15.2 m (30 x 50 ft) in area and up to 7.6 m (25 ft) tall. The rain towers produce simulated free-falling rain of intensities up to 10.2 cm (4 in.) per hour. The rain course accommodates the evaluation of associated shelter support/restraint systems (stakes, guy lines, etc.), generators, environmental control units, and all other wheeled and tracked vehicles. Figure 16 shows the Rain Towers at ATC.

Figure 16. Rain Towers at Mile Loop.

2.5 Mountain Highway.

This is a 64-km (40-mi) mountainous section of US Route 30 in the vicinity of Jennerstown, Pennsylvania. It is used by ATC as a brake test course, and by the brake-manufacturing industry itself, as one of the most severe in the East for brake fade testing. With grades as steep as 11 percent and at various elevations (Figure 17), this section of public highway is admirably suited for testing military wheeled vehicle brakes (test procedures are described in TOP 02-2- 6087). Standard test conditions are obtained by controlling speed, brake line pressure, and deceleration. Brake temperatures and pressures, and vehicle road speed and stopping distances are measured throughout the test. Figure 18 shows a test vehicle descending a mountain during the mountain brake endurance test.

Figure 17. Profile of Mountain Test Course.

Figure 18. Test vehicle and data van / safety escort vehicle descending mountain.

2.6 Munson Test Area (MTA).

a. Located near the eastern boundary of APG and bordering the shores of the Spesutie Island Narrows portion of the Chesapeake Bay, the MTA encompasses about 60 hectares (150 acres) of land. The facility is named in honor of Lieutenant Max Munson who lost his life in 1941 while testing an experimental vehicle.

b. The test courses are designed for making specific measurements and determinations of vehicle performance in the field. All special obstacles and test roads are permanently constructed and maintained according to specifications. The courses and network of connecting roads total 14.5 km (9 mi). Figure 19 shows relative locations of the courses, and Figure 20 is an aerial view.

Figure 19. Munson Test Area.

Figure 20. Aerial view of Munson Test Area.

2.6.1 Paved Road.

This is a level road (Figure 21) that permits the operation of most military vehicles at high speed.

It provides a sharp contrast in operating conditions when used as part of a loop including the Belgian Block Course.

Figure 21. Cross section of Paved Road.

2.6.2 Improved Gravel Road.

This is a loop of about 3.2 km (2 mi) with left and right curves; the surface is compacted gravel maintained by grading (Figure 22). This gravel road (along with other test courses) is used for endurance testing.

Figure 22. Cross-section of Improved Gravel Road.

2.6.3 Rolling Hill Course.

This was designed to provide short, closely spaced grades. As a vehicle alternates between up-and down-grades on this course (Figure 23), the engine and power train are subjected to rapid variations in loading. The surface consists of crushed stone compacted with stone dust binder.

Figure 23. Profile of Rolling Hill Course.

2.6.4 Sand Course.

This course provides a standard for evaluating drawbar pull of wheeled and track-laying vehicles under controlled conditions. The coarse grained sand, conforming to the Unified Soil Classification soil type SP, is contained in a concrete bin that facilitates tilling and drainage, and prevents contamination from the surrounding soil (Figure 24). The straight portion of the course has sufficient length to produce stabilized data for a given load and/or speed condition. The circular bed at the end of the course is useful for evaluating the ability of vehicles to steer in sand, and for determining track-throwing tendencies and the effect of sand accumulation in suspension systems. Figure 25 shows drawbar pull testing conducted on the Sand Course.

Figure 24. Plan view and transverse section of Sand Course.

Figure 25. Drawbar pull testing in Sand Course.

2.6.5 Rubble Pile.

The Rubble Pile course is approximately 30.5 m (100 ft) in length, consisting of large boulders and pieces of concrete and steel (Figure 26). A test on this course is conducted to determine a vehicle's ability to negotiate this type of obstacle.

Figure 26. Rubble Pile at MTA.

2.6.6 Corrosion Facility.

a. This facility provides aggressive controlled exposure of corrosive conditions to land systems to hasten their weathering process and determine susceptibility to the environments.

Fifteen test cycles replicate one year of field corrosion; a 22-year corrosion assessment can be implemented in 200+ days.

b. Each test cycle includes a series of individual corrosive environments (Figure 27):

Splash Trough – 22.9 m long x 6.1 m wide (75 ft long x 20 ft wide), solution depth up to 0.1 m (2 in.) subjected to undercarriage; Mist Booth – 18.3 m long x 4.6 m wide x 4.6 m high (60 ft long x 15 ft wide x 15 ft high) up to 3-minute mist applied to top and vertical surfaces; Grit Trough – 22.9 m long x 4.3 m wide (75 ft long x 14 ft wide), slurry depth up to 0.2 m (8 in.)

subjected to undercarriage; High Heat / High Humidity Chamber – 12.2 m long x 6.1 m wide x

6.1 m high (40 ft long x 20 ft wide x 20 ft high), up to 74 ºC (165 ºF), 1 to 2 milliliter per hour (mL/hr) condensate; Deep Water Fording Basin – 57.9 m long x 6.7 m wide (190 ft long x 22 ft wide) with adjustable water depth up to 2.1 m (84 in.), and a 3-percent sodium chloride (NaCl) solution which replicates ocean environment. Facilities instrumentation and equipment are used to provide identification, analysis, and documentation of corrosion to the test item.

Figure 27. Accelerated Corrosion Complex.

2.6.7 Abrasive Mud Course.

Also known as the hog wallow, this facility (Figure 28) has an independent piped water supply that provides the means for maintaining muddy conditions, regardless of the season. The soil is sandy, with some clay and silt, making it particularly useful for evaluating the effects of abrasion on seals, brakes, and other components, as well as the effectiveness of seals. The ability to control the moisture content in dry periods makes it possible to adjust the course conditions and soil strength profile (within limits) to suit test requirements of any particular vehicle. The soil conforms to the Unified Soil Classification System soil type SM. The course can be tilled to various depths to a maximum of 0.6 m (2.0 ft). The course is 73 by 290 m (240 by 950 ft).

Figure 29 shows a vehicle undergoing crossing velocity testing on the Abrasive Mud Course.

Figure 30 shows the Abrasive Mud Course under wet conditions.

Figure 28. Plan view and section, Abrasive Mud Course.

Water Fording Basin

Figure 29. Crossing velocity test in the hog wallow.

Figure 30. Abrasive Mud Course under wet conditions.

2.6.8 Fording Basin.

Also known as the bathtub, this concrete facility was designed to provide still water at controlled depths to 1.5 m (5.0 ft) (Figures 31 and 32). Ramps at both ends permit gradual immersion if desired. Length and width of the basin are sufficient for running preliminary flotation tests on some amphibious vehicles. The main uses of the basin are for determining fording characteristics of non-floating vehicles and for studying the effects of water on running gear components such as brakes, seals, and universal joints. The length of this course is 82 m (270 ft).

Figure 31. Half plan and section views, Fording Basin.

Figure 32. Fording Basin.

2.6.9 Underwater Fording Facility.

Some vehicles can neutralize water obstacles by submerging. Vehicle effectiveness while submerged is tested in this concrete facility (Figure 33), in which water depths can be adjusted to

6.1 m (20 ft). Performance and safety of operations are evaluated under water and on the 40- and 50-percent entrance and exit slopes. The length of this facility is 96 m (315 ft).

Figure 33. Underwater Fording Facility.

2.6.10 Amphibian Ramp.

This is used for evaluating the ability of vehicles to enter and leave a natural body of water by means of an articulated concrete mat which is composed of concrete blocks and cables. It is anchored in place, and the blocks are filled with aggregate (Figure 34). The moderately sloped ramp extends into the water sufficiently to permit the safe launching of test vehicles whose flotation characteristics are known. The ramp is an ideal location for conducting bollard pull for marine vehicles and amphibians (Figure 35). For water entrance and exit interface tests, earthen slopes are constructed by grading. The ramp is 15 m (50 ft) wide and 6 m (21 ft) long.

Figure 34. Plan view and section, Amphibian Ramp.

Figure 35. Bollard pull using mobile field dynamometer.

2.6.11 Shallow Water Swimming Area.

The Spesutie Island Narrows has a 305-m (1000-ft) channel typically 3 m (10 ft) deep and 15 m (50 ft) wide suitable for evaluating the swimming and floating capabilities of amphibious

SECTION THRU APRON

vehicles in still water (Figure 36). Fuel consumption and speed tests, as well as tests to evaluate floating bridges and rafts, are conducted here. Entrance to the Spesutie Narrows is by way of the amphibian ramp. The Spesutie Narrows leads to deeper waters of the Chesapeake Bay where additional testing may be conducted if necessary. Rather large vessels, such as landing craft, can gain access to the MTA through the Chesapeake Bay and the Spesutie channel.

Figure 36. Shallow water swimming.

2.6.12 Belgian Block Course.

This facility is paved with unevenly laid granite blocks forming an undulating surface (Figures 37 and 38). It duplicates the rough cobblestone road found in many parts of the world.

About 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long, the course is useful as a standard rough road for accelerated tests of wheeled vehicles, and is generally included in cycles of courses used for vibration studies.

The motion imparted to a vehicle is a random combination of roll and pitch and high-frequency vibrations imparted by the granite paving blocks.

Figure 37. Transverse section, Belgian Block Course.

Figure 38. Belgian Block Course.

2.6.13 Imbedded Rock Course.

This course provides an extremely rough surface for testing wheeled vehicles (Figure 39). It not only has an irregular surface suitable for evaluating suspensions, but is also a severe test for pneumatic tires (Figure 40).

Figure 39. Transverse section of Imbedded Rock Course.

Figure 40. Durability testing using Imbedded Rock Course.

2.6.14 Side Slopes.

Side slopes of 20, 30, and 40 percent are used as standards for testing the stability and controllability of tactical vehicles (Figures 41 and 42). In addition to being used in engineering tests to measure steering efforts and lateral loading effects, the courses are sufficiently long to be incorporated in endurance tests involving other types of operation. A 1.8-m (5.9 ft) level gravel shoulder adjoining the slopes permits operation at gradients less than those of the actual slopes.

When required for specific tests, side slopes with other gradients are constructed with a grader.

The course lengths are shown in Table 1.

Figure 41. Transverse section of 30-percent side slope.

Figure 42. Vehicle negotiating the 20-percent side slope.

2.6.15 Gradeability (Longitudinal) Slopes.

Gradeability of vehicles is a basic characteristic usually given in design specifications of military vehicles. The MTA Gradeability slopes (Figures 43 and 44) cover a range of 5 to 60 percent.

They are used to determine optimum drive ratios and maximum attainable speeds on each slope, as well as brake-holding ability and adequacy of angles of approach and departure. With the test vehicle in ascending and descending attitudes, functions such as lubrication, fuel flow, and carburetor performance are investigated. The effect of imbalance on turret-traversing efforts and functioning of turret drive systems may also be studied on the slopes. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-percent slopes, about 4.3 m (14 ft) wide, are paved with asphalt; the 30-, 40-, 45-, 50-, and 60-percent slopes with concrete. A 7-percent vertical slope is asphalt. The slope lengths are shown in Table 1.

Figure 43. Plan view of Gradeability Slopes.

Figure 44. Vehicle ascending 60-percent gradeability slope.

2.6.16 Simulated Loading Ramps.

Tactical vehicles designed for transportation by either aircraft or ramp-equipped landing craft must be capable of entering and leaving the transporting vehicle by means of an inclined surface or ramp. Two concrete simulated loading ramps, one with a 20-degree incline, 12 m (38 ft) long (Figure 45) and the second, with a 15-degree incline, 6-m (20-ft) long (Figure 46), enable vehicles to be tested not only for adequacy of approach and departure angles, but also for adequate ground clearance and freedom from interference at the point of articulation between towing and towed vehicles (Figure 47).

Figure 45. Plan view and section of 20-degree simulated loading ramp.

Figure 46. Vehicle on 15-degree simulated loading ramp.

Figure 47. Vehicle on 20-degree simulated loading ramp.

2.6.17 2-Inch Washboard.

The test course (Figure 48) is comprised of reqular undulations with a wavelength of 0.6-m (2.0-

ft) and provides a regular series of periodic humps with special value for testing wheeled vehicle suspensions (Figure 49). It can be used for one phase of endurance tests involving other courses in the area. Shocks imposed on the vehicle are influenced by design factors such as axle spacing and wheel size.

Figure 48. Sections of 2-Inch Washboard.

Figure 49. Testing wheeled vehicle suspension on 2-Inch Washboard Course.

2.6.18 2- to 4-Inch Radial Washboard.

This course is constructed using reverse curves in such a manner that the wheels of a test vehicle are subjected to impacts at varied frequencies for any given speed (Figure 50). The course is useful for evaluating wheel fight and tendencies toward front-wheel shimmy (Figure 51).

Figure 50. Sections of Radial Washboard.

Figure 51. Vehicle testing on the 2- to 4-Inch Radial Washboard Course.

2.6.19 3-Inch Spaced Bump.

This course gives a vehicle an irregular jolt by means of 7.6-centimeter (cm) (3-in.) rounded sections that cross the road surface at various angles (Figure 52). The spacing allows the suspension to settle down between jolts. This course is used mainly to impose shock and vibration stress on wheeled vehicle suspensions.

Figure 52. Isometric view and section of 3-Inch Spaced Bump.

2.6.20 6-Inch Washboard.

This course is the most severe of the regular washboard courses, and is designed to evaluate vehicle pitching characteristics (Figure 53). The pitching is induced at various speeds. The relatively large radius of the wave configuration and the 1.8-m (5.9-ft) intervals ensure that the larger wheels and track pitches ordinarily do not bridge the depressions.

Figure 53. Sections of 6-Inch Washboard.

2.6.21 Wave Course.

Also known as the frame twister, this concrete course (Figures 54 and 55) is designed to deflect the opposite wheels of a vehicle in alternately contrary directions. Articulation of the suspension increases with tread width. The course provides a severe test of differentials and universal joints, as well as suspensions. Distortion of vehicle bodies is checked by operating doors, dump bodies, engine hoods, etc., after stopping the vehicle with the suspension at extremes of vertical travel.

Figure 54. Sections of Wave Course.

Figure 55. Vehicle negotiating the Wave Course.

2.6.22 Vertical Walls.

Wall-climbing ability is a characteristic that is measured for all tactical vehicles. Maximum capability may be limited by projections from the vehicle that extend beyond the wheels or tracks. The vertical wall (Figures 56 and 57) is equipped with replaceable timbers at the top so that the wall may be maintained in a standard condition following damage from tests.

Figure 56. Isometric view of Vertical Walls.

Figure 57. Vehicle ascending the 18-inch vertical wall.

2.6.23 Bridging Device.

The bridging requirement for various types of tracked vehicles is usually specified in the technical characteristics or design specifications. The steel bridging device provides an adjustable gap for measuring the maximum opening that the vehicle can cross unsupported (Figures 58 and 59). The maximum gap is 5.5 m (18 ft).

Figure 58. Plan and isometric view of the Bridging Device.

Figure 59. Vehicle negotiating the Bridging Device.

2.6.24 Standard Ditch Profile.

The standard concrete ditch is used to check the adequacy of the angles of approach and departure of tactical vehicles. Tracklayers usually require rubber tracks for sufficient traction for pulling out of the ditch (Figures 60 and 61). The ditch has a 36.5-percent gradient for both ingress and egress.

Figure 60. Plan and section view of standard ditch.

Figure 61. Vehicle negotiating the standard ditch.

2.6.25 Turning Circle.

This course is used for measuring vehicle turning diameters on a hard surface (Figure 62). It is large enough, at a diameter of 76 m (250 ft), to permit figure-8 turns by the largest vehicles and for plotting limits of vision (Figure 63). It is also used for other activities requiring a large and essentially flat concrete surface.

Figure 62. Measurement of vehicle turning diameter on the Munson Turning Circle.

Figure 63. Section and plan view of Turning Circle.

2.6.26 Profile IV Course.

The Profile IV Course consists of a series of eleven different types of bumps (some of which are repeated) distributed over a 142 m (465 ft) long concrete course. The height (displacement) of each of the bumps was computed for each inch of longitudinal travel. The course layout is shown in Figure 64. An M1 tank traversing the MTA Profile IV Course is shown in Figure 65.

Figure 64. MTA Profile IV Test Course layout.

Figure 65. Abrams tank traversing the MTA Profile IV Test Course.

2.6.27 Marsh.

a. Between the Munson area and Dipple Creek is a marsh with marginal soil strength that represents adverse conditions for mobility testing. The marsh has a heavy growth of vegetation, much of which is periodically flooded by tidal action. The area is ideally suited for single pass vehicle cone index tests and is a significant mobility challenge for conventional and marginal terrain vehicles. The soil type is classified as conforming to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) soil type CH.

b. Around the edge of the marsh, a water filled simulated jungle trail has been cut in a woody area by vehicular traffic. It passes through heavy vegetation consisting of vines, swamp grass, and matted roots.

2.6.28 Load Vibration Course.

a. This comprises nearly 2.9 km (1.8 mi) of MTA courses (Figure 17) selected to subject electronic equipment and other sensitive loads in wheeled vehicles to various vehicle reactions.

The course is arranged…