FIO - MilitaryWash_SiteInspection.pdf

FINAL

Site Inspection Report Borrego Springs - Military Wash

San Diego County, California

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Southwest IMA Region

FUDS Project No. J09CA701105 Contract: W912DY-04-D-0005

Task Order: 0009

Prepared For:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District 915 Wilshire Boulevard

Los Angeles, California 90017-3401 and

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers South Pacific Division Range Support Center

The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other documentation.

Site Inspection Report

September 22, 2011September 22, 2011

Borrego Springs - M ilitary W ash San D iego County, California U

.S. A rm y Corps of Engineers Southw est IM

A Region

CONTRACTOR STATEMENT OF INDEPENDENT TECHNICAL REVIEW

Parsons Infrastructure and Technology Group, Inc. (Parsons) has completed the Final Site Inspection Report for Borrego Springs – Military Wash, San Diego County, California.

Notice is hereby given that an independent technical review has been conducted that is appropriate to the level of risk and complexity inherent in the project, as defined in the Quality Control Plan. During the independent technical review, compliance with established policy principles and procedures, utilizing justified and valid assumptions was verified. This included review of assumptions; methods, procedures, and material used in analyses; alternatives evaluated; the appropriateness of data used and level of data obtained; and reasonableness of the results, including whether the product meets the customer's needs consistent with law and existing Corps policy.

September 22, 2011 Study/Design Team Leader and Team Members

Independent Technical Review Team Leader

Significant concerns and the explanation of the resolution are as follows:

None

As noted above, all concerns resulting from independent technical review of the project have been considered.

Parsons Program Manager(s)

Parsons Parsons Infrastructure & Technology Group, Inc.

3577 Parkway Lane Suite 100 Norcross, Georgia 30092 (770) 446-4900 Fax: (770) 446-4910 www.parsons.com

September 22, 2011

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District ATTN: CESPL-PM-M (Mr. Lloyd Godard) 915 Wilshire Blvd.

Los Angeles, CA 90017-3401

(213) 452-4014

Subject: Contract W912DY-04-D-0005, Delivery Order 0009 MMRP SI for SW IMA Region – Final Site Inspection Report Borrego Springs – Military Wash, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. Godard:

Parsons Infrastructure and Technology Group, Inc. (Parsons) has prepared this Final Site Inspection (SI) Report in accordance with the Performance Work Statement (PWS) to include the completed Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol (MRSPP). The MRSPP notification announcement was prepared in coordination with USACE, Los Angeles District (CESPL) Public Affairs Officer (PAO) and the Project Manager (PM).

It appeared in the agreed newspaper prior to the TPP Closure Meeting held on August 30, 2011. Stakeholder comments for the Draft Final SI Report have been incorporated into the Final SI Report as discussed at the meeting.

One hard copy has been provided for your records. Six additional copies have been provided for your distribution to the regulators (Department of Toxic Substances Control) and stakeholders. We have also submitted a single copy of this document to CEHNC- EMM. Electronic copies have also been provided, including one to CEHNC-EMS and one to CEMVS-EC-P.

If you have any questions or comments, please contact me at (678) 969-2384 or

(404) 606-0346 (cell).

Sincerely, Parsons

Don Silkebakken, P.E.

MMRP SI Program Manager cc: Brian Jordan/James Lujan (SPD) – 1 DVD

Deborah Walker (CEHNC-EMM) – 1 copy/DVD Dwayne Ford (CEHNC-EMM) – EKO Terry Walker (CEHNC-EMS) – 1 DVD Rochelle Hance (CEMVS-EC-P) – 1 DVD Project File (744653.91214)

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Southwest IMA Region

Site Inspection Report

Borrego Springs – Military Wash

San Diego County, California FUDS Project No. J09CA701105

In Support of

FUDS MMRP Site Inspection Program

Prepared for:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District 915 Wilshire Blvd.

Los Angeles, California 90017-3401 and SPD Range Support Center

Contract: W912DY-04-D-0005 Task Order: 0009 i

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... i

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi

LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................... viii

GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................. xi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................ES-1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Background ...................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Project Objectives ............................................................................ 1-2

1.3 Project Scope ................................................................................... 1-3

CHAPTER 2 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY ..................................... 2-1

2.1 Site Description ............................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Site Location and Setting ................................................................. 2-1

2.2.1 Topography and Vegetation ................................................... 2-1

2.2.2 Climate ................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.3 Significant and Inhabited Structures ...................................... 2-2

2.2.4 Demographics ........................................................................ 2-2

2.2.5 Current and Future Land Use ................................................. 2-3

2.3 Site Ownership and History ............................................................. 2-3

2.4 Site Operations and Waste Characteristics ...................................... 2-4

2.4.1 Munitions Response Site-Specific Descriptions/Operations . 2-4

2.4.2 Regulatory Compliance ......................................................... 2-4

2.5 Previous Investigations/Clearance Actions ..................................... 2-5

2.5.1 Historical Dedudding Operations .......................................... 2-5

2.5.2 1994 Inventory Project Report .............................................. 2-5

2.5.3 1997 Archives Search Report ................................................ 2-5

2.5.4 2004 Preliminary Assessment ................................................ 2-6

2.5.5 2004 Archives Search Report Supplement ............................ 2-6

2.5.6 2006 Aerial Photo Analysis for RI/FS ................................... 2-7

2.5.7 2006 Draft Final Work Plan Borrego Maneuver Area ........... 2-7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CHAPTER 3 SITE INSPECTION TASKS .................................................................. 3-1

3.1 Historical Record Review ................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Technical Project Planning Summary ............................................. 3-1

3.3 Nonmeasurement Data Collection ................................................... 3-5

3.4 Site-Specific Work Plan .................................................................. 3-6

3.5 Departures from Planning Documents ............................................. 3-7

CHAPTER 4 MUNITIONS AND EXPLOSIVES OF CONCERN FINDINGS ......... 4-1

4.1 General Information ......................................................................... 4-1

4.1.1 Qualitative Reconnaissance ................................................... 4-1

4.1.2 Data Quality Objectives ....................................................... 4-10

4.1.2.1 Munitions and Explosives of Concern Data

Quality Objective ................................................... 4-10

4.1.2.2 Munitions Constituents Data Quality Objective .... 4-10

4.1.2.3 Munitions Response Site Prioritization

Protocol Data Quality Objective ............................ 4-11

4.1.2.4 Hazard Ranking System Data Quality

Objective ................................................................ 4-11

4.2 MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ....................................................... 4-11

4.2.1 Historical Munitions and Explosives of Concern

Information .......................................................................... 4-11

4.2.2 Inspection Activities ............................................................ 4-12

CHAPTER 5 EXPOSURE PATHWAYS AND RECEPTORS ................................... 5-1

5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 General Information ......................................................................... 5-2

5.2.1 Regional Geologic Setting ..................................................... 5-2

5.2.2 Regional Hydrogeologic Setting ............................................ 5-3

5.2.3 Regional Groundwater Use .................................................... 5-4

5.2.4 Regional Hydrologic Setting .................................................. 5-5

5.2.5 Regional Sensitive Ecological Resources .............................. 5-5

5.2.6 Sample Locations and Methods ............................................. 5-8

5.2.7 Background Metals Concentrations ..................................... 5-10

5.2.8 Establishing an Observed Release ....................................... 5-11

5.3 MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ....................................................... 5-11

5.3.1 Historical Munitions Constituents Information ................... 5-11

5.3.2 Groundwater Exposure Pathway.......................................... 5-12

5.3.2.1 Geologic and Hydrogeologic Setting ..................... 5-12

5.3.2.2 Releases and Potential Releases to Groundwater ... 5-12

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5.3.2.3 Groundwater Exposure Pathways and

Receptors ................................................................ 5-12

5.3.2.4 Groundwater Sample Locations and Methods ....... 5-13

5.3.2.5 Groundwater Analytical Results ............................ 5-13

5.3.2.6 Groundwater Exposure Pathway Conclusions ....... 5-13

5.3.3 Surface Water and Sediment Exposure Pathway ................. 5-13

5.3.3.1 Hydrologic Setting ................................................. 5-13

5.3.3.2 Releases and Potential Releases to Surface

Water and Sediment ............................................... 5-14

5.3.3.3 Surface Water and Sediment Exposure

Pathways and Receptors ......................................... 5-14

5.3.3.4 Surface Water and Sediment Sample Locations

and Methods ........................................................... 5-14

5.3.3.5 Surface Water and Sediment Analytical Results .... 5-14

5.3.3.6 Surface Water and Sediment Exposure

Pathway Conclusions ............................................. 5-14

5.3.4 Soil Exposure Pathway ........................................................ 5-14

5.3.4.1 Physical Source Access Conditions ....................... 5-15

5.3.4.2 Actual or Potential Contamination Areas ............... 5-15

5.3.4.3 Soil Exposure Pathway and Receptors ................... 5-15

5.3.4.4 Sample Locations and Methods ............................. 5-15

5.3.4.5 Soil Sampling Analytical Results ........................... 5-15

5.3.4.6 Soil Exposure Pathway Conclusions ...................... 5-17

5.3.5 Air Exposure Pathway ......................................................... 5-17

5.3.5.1 Climate ................................................................... 5-17

5.3.5.2 Releases and Potential Releases to Air ................... 5-17

5.3.5.3 Air Exposure Pathway and Receptors .................... 5-17

5.3.5.4 Air Sampling and Monitoring Locations and

Methods .................................................................. 5-17

5.3.5.5 Air Sampling Analytical Results ............................ 5-18

5.3.5.6 Air Exposure Pathway Conclusions ....................... 5-18

CHAPTER 6 SCREENING LEVEL RISK ASSESSMENT........................................ 6-1

6.1 Munitions and Explosives of Concern Screening Level Risk

Assessment ...................................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 Conceptual Site Model ........................................................... 6-1

6.1.2 Introduction ............................................................................ 6-1

6.1.3 Qualitative Risk Evaluation ................................................... 6-2

6.1.4 Munitions and Explosives of Concern Risk Assessment:

MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ................................................ 6-4

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6.1.5 Risk Summary ........................................................................ 6-5

6.2 Munitions Constituent Human Health Screening Level Risk

Assessment ...................................................................................... 6-5

6.2.1 Conceptual Site Model ........................................................... 6-5

6.2.2 Affected Media ...................................................................... 6-5

6.2.3 Human Health Screening Levels ........................................... 6-6

6.2.4 Risk Characterization for Soil ................................................ 6-6

6.2.5 MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ................................................ 6-6

6.2.6 Discussion .............................................................................. 6-7

6.3 Munitions Constituent Screening Level Ecological Risk

Assessment ...................................................................................... 6-7

6.3.1 Conceptual Site Exposure Model........................................... 6-8

6.3.2 Affected Media ...................................................................... 6-8

6.3.3 Ecological Screening Values ................................................. 6-8

6.3.4 Ecological Risk Characterization for Soil .............................. 6-8

6.3.5 MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ................................................ 6-9

6.3.6 Discussion .............................................................................. 6-9

CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ..................................................... 7-1

7.1 Summary .......................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ................................................ 7-2

7.2 Conclusions Regarding Potential Munitions and Explosives of

Concern ............................................................................................ 7-3

7.3 Conclusions Regarding Potential Munitions Constituent

Exposure Pathways ........................................................................... 7-3

CHAPTER 8 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 8-1

CHAPTER 9 REFERENCES ....................................................................................... 9-1 v

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Performance Work Statement Appendix B Technical Project Planning Session Documentation/Meeting Minutes Appendix C Interview Documents Appendix D Field Notes And Field Forms Appendix E Photo Documentation Log Appendix F Analytical Data Appendix G Analytical Data QA/QC Report Appendix H Geographic Information Systems Data Appendix I Geophysical Data Appendix J Conceputal Site Model/Conceptual Site Exposure Model Appendix K Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol Evaluations Appendix L Reference Copies vi

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LIST OF TABLES

No. Title Page

ES.1 Summary of Site Inspection Results ................................................................ES-4

1.1 Borrego Springs – Military Wash Munitions Response Site Coordinates ........ 1-1

2.1 Population Information in the Vicinity of the Borrego Springs – Military

Wash .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.2 Range and Suspect Past Department of Defense Activities .............................. 2-4

3.1 Sampling Rationale ........................................................................................... 3-8

4.1 Chemical Composition of Munitions and Explosives of Concern and

Potential Munitions Constituents ...................................................................... 4-3

4.2 Munitions and Explosives of Concern Data Quality Objective Worksheet .... 4-14

4.3 Munitions Constituents Data Quality Objective Worksheet ........................... 4-15

4.4 Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol Data Quality Objective

Worksheet ........................................................................................................ 4-16

4.5 Hazard Ranking System Data Quality Objective Worksheet .......................... 4-17

5.1 Federally and State-Listed Threatened and Endangered Species Potentially within Borrego Springs – Military Wash .......................................................... 5-7

5.2 Summary of Validated Analytical Results for Borrego Springs – Military

Wash MMRP Soil Samples Collected in February 2011 .................................. 5-9

5.3 Surface Soil Background Concentrations ........................................................ 5-10

5.4 Groundwater Wells in the Vicinity of MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ............ 5-12

5.5 Surface Soil Source Evaluation MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 ...................... 5-16

6.1 Categories of Munitions and Explosives of Concern Presence ......................... 6-2

6.2 Categories of Munitions and Explosives of Concern Type ............................... 6-3

6.3 Categories of Site Accessibility ......................................................................... 6-3

6.4 Munitions and Explosives of Concern Risk Evaluation .................................... 6-5

6.5 Surface Soil Human Health Screening Level Risk Assessment MRS01 –

Borrego Target #64 ............................................................................................ 6-7

6.6 Surface Soil Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment MRS01 –

Borrego Target #64 ............................................................................................ 6-9

8.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................. 8-2 vii

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LIST OF FIGURES

No. Title Page

ES.1 General Site Overview ....................................................................................ES-5

1.1 Site Location ...................................................................................................... 1-4

2.1 Site Setting ......................................................................................................... 2-8

2.2 2000 Census Data .............................................................................................. 2-9

4.1 Qualitative Reconnaissance and Field Observation Locations ....................... 4-18

5.1 Wetlands .......................................................................................................... 5-19

5.2 Qualitative Reconnaissance and Sample Locations ........................................ 5-20

5.3 Water Wells within 4-Mile Buffer .................................................................. 5-21 viii

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAA Anti-Aircraft Artillery ABDSP Anza-Borrego Desert State Park APP Accident Prevention Plan AP-T Armor Piercing-Tracer ASR Archive Search Report Banks Banks Environmental Data bgs below ground surface CDF&G California Department of Fish and Game CDPH California Department of Public Health CDWR California Department of Water Resources CEMVR U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District CEMVS U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and

Liability Act CESPL U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District CFR Code of Federal Regulations CHE Chemical Hazard Evaluation CHHSLs California Human Health Screening Levels CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory CRWQCB California Regional Water Quality Control Board CSEM Conceptual Site Exposure Model CSM Conceptual Site Model CWM Chemical Warfare Materiel CZMP Coastal Zone Management Program DEP-ARC Defense Environmental Program - Annual Report to Congress DERP Defense Environmental Restoration Program DMM discarded military munitions DoD Department of Defense DOI Department of the Interior DQO Data Quality Objective DTSC Department of Toxic Substance Control EcoSSL Ecological Soil Screening Level EHE Explosive Hazard Evaluation EM Engineering Manual EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal EPP Environmental Protection Plan ER Engineer Regulation ESV Ecological Screening Value °F Degrees Fahrenheit FTL Field Team Leader FUDS Formerly Used Defense Site FUDSMIS FUDS Management Information System ix

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GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System HE High Explosive HEAT High Explosive Anti-Tank HE-T High Explosive-Tracer HEI-T High Explosive, Incendiary-Tracer HHE Health Hazard Evaluation HQ Hazard Quotient HR Hydrologic Regions HRS Hazard Ranking System HTW Hazardous and Toxic Waste HVAR High-Velocity Aircraft Rocket INPR Inventory Project Report km kilometer

lb. pound m meter MC Munitions Constituent MCL Maximum Contaminate Level MD Munitions Debris MEC Munitions and Explosives of Concern mg/kg milligram per kilogram mg/L milligrams per liter MIDAS Munitions Items Disposition Action System MMRP Military Munitions Response Program MPA Marine Protected Area MRS Munitions Response Site MRSPP Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol NAD North American Datum NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan NDAI No DoD Action Indicated NERRS National Estuarine Research Reserve System NHA National Heritage Area NHL National Historic Landmark NMS National Marine Sanctuaries NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPS National Park Service NRHD National Register of Historic Districts NRHP National Register of Historic Places NRIS National Register Information System NWI National Wetlands Inventory NWRS National Wildlife Refuge System x

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OE ordnance and explosives OEHHP Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment OHP Office of Historic Preservation OWSVRA Ocotillo Wells State Vehicular Recreation Area PA Preliminary Assessment Parsons Parsons Infrastructure and Technology Group PETN Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate PM Project Manager PSAP Programmatic Sampling and Analysis Plan PWP Programmatic Work Plan PWS Performance Work Statement QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control QR Qualitative Reconnaissance RAC Risk Assessment Code RI/FS Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ROE Right-of-Entry RSL Regional Screening Level (prepared by USEPA) SAP Sampling and Analysis Plan SCAR Sub-caliber Aircraft Rocket SCIC South Coastal Information Center SI Site Inspection SLERA Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment SLRA Screening Level Risk Assessment SPD RSC South Pacific Division Range Support Center SS-WP Site-Specific Work Plan SVT Site Visit Team T&E Threatened and Endangered TESS Threatened and Endangered Species System TPP Technical Project Planning USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USAESCH USACE Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville USC U.S. Code USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey UTM Universal Transverse Mercator UXO Unexploded Ordnance WP White Phosphorous WRCC Western Regional Climate Center xi

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Anomaly Any item that deviates from the expected subsurface ferrous and non-ferrous material at a site (pipes, power lines, etc.).

Discarded Military Munitions (DMM)

Military munitions that have been abandoned without proper disposal or removed from storage in a military magazine or other storage area for the purpose of disposal. The term does not include UXO, military munitions that are being held for future use or planned disposal, or military munitions that have been properly disposed of consistent with applicable environmental laws and regulations.

Inhabited Structure Permanent or temporary structures, other than military munitions-related structures, that are routinely occupied by one or more persons for any portion of a day.

Magnetometer An instrument for measuring the strength of a magnetic field;

used to detect buried iron and other metal objects.

Military Munitions All ammunition products and components produced for or used by the armed forces for national defense and security, including ammunition products or components under the control of the Department of Defense, the Coast Guard, the Department of Energy, and the National Guard. The term includes confined gaseous, liquid, and solid propellants;

explosives, pyrotechnics, chemical and riot control agents, smokes, and incendiaries, including bulk explosives and chemical warfare agents; chemical munitions, rockets, guided and ballistic missiles, bombs, warheads, mortar rounds, artillery ammunition, small arms ammunition, grenades, mines, torpedoes, depth charges, cluster munitions and dispensers, demolition charges; and devices and components thereof.

Munitions and Explosives of Concern

(MEC)

Military munitions that may pose unique explosives safety risks, including UXO, DMM, or MC present in high enough concentrations to pose an explosive or other health hazard.

Munitions Constituents (MC)

Any materials originating from unexploded ordnance, DMM, or other military munitions, including explosive and nonexplosive materials, and emission, degradation, or breakdown elements of such ordnance or munitions.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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Munitions Debris

(MD)

Remnants of munitions (for example, penetrators, projectiles, shell casings, links, fins) remaining after munitions use, demilitarization, or disposal.

Munitions Response Response actions, including investigation, removal actions, and remedial actions, to address the explosive safety, human health, or environmental risks presented by unexploded ordnance, DMM, or MC, or to support a determination that no removal or remedial action is required.

Munitions Response Site (MRS)

A discrete location that is known to require a munitions response.

Projectile Object projected by an applied force and continuing in motion by its own inertia. This includes bullets, bombs, shells, grenades, guided missiles, and rockets.

Unexploded Ordnance

(UXO)

Military munitions that have been primed, fused, armed, or otherwise prepared for action; that have been fired, dropped, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installation, personnel, or material; and that remain unexploded whether by malfunction, design, or any other cause.

ES-1

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES.1 The Borrego Springs – Military Wash Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) consists of one munitions response site (MRS) located in northeastern San Diego County, California approximately 4 miles west of the San Diego/Imperial County Line.

The site lies approximately 12 miles east-southeast of Borrego Springs and approximately 3 miles north of Ocotillo Wells, California. Borrego Springs – Military Wash was originally located within the Army’s Borrego Maneuver Area and used as a practice bombing, strafing, and rocketry target. The first period of activation for Borrego Springs - Military Wash was from May 1, 1943 to April 30, 1945. The second period of activation was from May 1, 1949 to April 30, 1953.

ES.2 A site inspection (SI), documented in this report, was conducted to determine whether the single MRS (MRS01 – Borrego Target #64) identified for Borrego Springs – Military Wash (refer to Table ES.1) warrants subsequent characterization as part of a remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) or no Department of Defense (DoD) action indicated (NDAI). The SI was performed to gather and evaluate evidence of the potential residual presence of munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) and munitions constituents (MC) within the MRS associated with Borrego Springs – Military Wash. To accomplish the objective, qualitative reconnaissance (QR) and MC sampling were performed within the MRS boundary.

ES.3 The Technical Project Planning (TPP) Team identified that, in addition to approximately 8.6 miles of QR, the collection of up to 14 surface soil samples (plus associated quality assurance [QA]/quality control [QC] samples) would be sufficient to meet the project objectives.

ES.4 The SI field activities were conducted on February 20 and 21, 2011, following the review and acceptance of the Site-Specific Work Plan (SS-WP) Addendum.

The SI evaluation included the conduct of approximately 9.4 miles of QR, as well as the collection of 14 surface soil samples (with an additional two field duplicates). Eleven of the surface soil samples were collected from areas that represented the highest likelihood for the presence of MEC or MC contamination (within the single MRS) and three surface soil samples were collected from outside the MRS to provide ambient data on metals.

The QR paths, surface soil sample locations, and field observation locations are shown on Figure ES.1. No surface water or sediment samples were collected due to the absence of perennial surface water and no groundwater samples were collected due to the absence of groundwater wells within the boundaries of the MRS, per TPP Team agreement.

ES-2

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ES.5 All of the surface soil samples were analyzed by TestAmerica Denver, a California-certified and NELAC approved laboratory, for explosives (Method SW8321A), select site specific metals (Methods SW6010B/6020), and pH (Method SW9045D). Concentrations of MC metals detected in the surface soil samples in MRS01 were evaluated against the estimated background concentrations (from ambient samples) collected during this SI. Five MC metals (aluminum, barium, copper, lead, and zinc) were detected above background concentrations in the samples collected from MRS01.

The maximum detected site concentrations of aluminum, barium, copper, and zinc did not exceed the human health screening values for surface soil. However, the maximum detected concentration of lead exceeded the revised residential California Human Health Screening Level (CHHSL) for lead in the initial screening; however, the maximum detected concentration of lead does not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Regional Screening Level (RSL). The screening level risk assessment (SLRA) concluded that an unacceptable risk to human health cannot be ruled out as a result of exposure to lead in surface soil at MRS01 – Borrego Target #64, but is unlikely.

ES.6 Borrego Springs – Military Wash is considered to be an important ecological place due to the site supporting wetlands and its location within a state park.

The MC metals detected above background concentrations were retained for consideration in the screening level ecological risk assessment (SLERA) where the maximum detected concentration of each analyte was compared to a risk-based ecological screening value (ESV). The maximum detected site concentration of barium did not exceed the ecological screening value for surface soil, resulting in a hazard quotient (HQ) less than 1. USEPA ecological soil screening level (EcoSSL) documentation indicates that aluminum is only an ecological concern if soil pH is less than 5.5. The soil pH ranged from 9.4 to 10 for all soil samples collected at MRS01 – Borrego Target #64; therefore, an unacceptable risk to ecological receptors is not expected due to exposure to aluminum in surface soil at this site. The maximum detected site concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc exceeded their respective ESVs for surface soil with HQs of 6.8 for copper, 28 for lead, and 12 for zinc. Therefore, an unacceptable risk to ecological receptors is possible due to exposure to copper, lead, and zinc in surface soil at MRS01 – Borrego Target #64.

ES.7 MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 consists of 1,460 acres that was used as a practice bombing, strafing, and rocketry target and contained two rake stations for scoring. Based on previous studies and field observations, the munitions known or suspected to have been used at MRS01 are Cartridge, .50 Caliber; Cartridge, 20mm, Ball, MkI; Cartridge, 20mm, Armor Piercing-Tracer (AP-T), M95; Cartridge, 20mm, Target Practice (TP), M99; Cartridge, 40mm, high explosive incendiary-tracer, self destruct (HEI-T, SD), MkII; Cartridge, 90mm, high explosive-tracer (HE-T), M71A1; Bomb, 3 pound (lb.), Miniature Practice, AN-Mk5 and AN-Mk23; Bomb, 4.5 lb., Miniature Practice, AN-Mk43; Bomb, 100 lb., Practice, Mk15 Series and M38A2; Bomb, 100 lb., Photoflash, M46; Bomb, 250 lb., Practice, Mk86; Flare, Aircraft, Parachute, M8 and M9;

Rocket, Aircraft, 2.25-inch, Sub-caliber Aircraft Rocket (SCAR); High-Velocity Aircraft Rocket (HVAR), High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT), 5-inch; and Grenade, Hand, ES-3

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Smoke, White Phosphorous (WP), M15. No MEC were observed during the SI field effort at MRS01; however, munitions debris (MD) were observed in the form of .50 caliber links, cartridge cases, and projectiles; 20mm links, a cartridge case, and thousands of projectiles; 100 lb. practice bomb debris, M38 and Mk15; miniature practice bomb debris, Mk5 and Mk23; 2.25-inch SCAR rocket debris and rocket igniters; a flare, M8; a smoke grenade, M15; and unidentifiable metal fragments (presumably from 90mm projectiles). Various MD observations were also made during the site visits in support of the 1994 Inventory Project Report (INPR), 1997 Archives Search Report (ASR), and 2004 Preliminary Assessment (PA). The PA reported confirmed MEC presence based on two 5-inch rocket warheads found in 1996. The explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) report, dated December 29, 1996, reports two 5-inch self propelled rocket warheads AP were found on the surface. Both items were countercharged and fired and found to contain high explosives (HE).

ES.8 Based on historical information and the results of this SI, MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 is recommended to proceed to RI/FS. The recommendations are summarized in Table ES.1.

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Table ES.1 Summary of Site Inspection Results

Borrego Spring – Military Wash, San Diego County, California

MRS Acreage

Munitions and Explosives of

Concern and/or Munitions Debris

Assessment(1)

Munitions Constituent

Assessment(2) Recommendation

MRS01 – Borrego

Target #64 1,460 Yes Yes

RI/FS. MEC and MD indicative of the potential presence of MEC have been observed. Lead exceeded its human health screening level, and copper, lead, and zinc exceeded their respective ESVs. Additional sampling within MRS01 during the RI/FS is warranted. Immediate Removal Action is not required at this time.

Notes:

(1) "Yes" in the "MEC/MD Assessment" column of the table indicates confirmed MEC or MD presence indicative of potential MEC presence and

RI/FS recommendation for the MRS. “No” in this column of the table indicates no confirmed MEC or MD indicative of potential MEC presence that would pose an explosive safety risk to human or ecological receptors and NDAI recommendation for this MRS.

(2) "Yes" in the "MC Assessment" column of the table indicates confirmed MC presence at levels indicating a potential elevated risk to human health or ecological receptors and RI/FS recommendation for the MRS. “No” in this column of the table indicates absence of MC at levels indicating a potential significant risk to human health or ecological receptors and NDAI recommendation for this MRS.

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General Site Overview

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Site Location in California

MRS01 - Borrego Target #64!(

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Borrego Springs - Military Wash

FUDS Project No. J09CA701105 San Diego County, California

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.1.1 Parsons Infrastructure and Technology Group, Inc. (Parsons) received Contract No. W912DY-04-D-0005, Task Order No. 0009, from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville (USAESCH) to perform a Site Inspection (SI) at the Borrego Springs – Military Wash Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS). The site is located in northeastern San Diego County, California approximately 4 miles west of the San Diego/Imperial County Line. The site lies approximately 12 miles east-southeast of Borrego Springs and approximately 3 miles north of Ocotillo Wells, California (Figure 1.1). The Borrego Springs – Military Wash site was originally located within the Army’s Borrego Maneuver Area and used as a practice bombing, strafing, and rocketry target. The first period of activation for Borrego Springs - Military Wash was from May 1, 1943 to April 30, 1945. The second period of activation was from May 1, 1949 to April 30, 1953.

1.1.2 The Borrego Springs – Military Wash site has been identified as being FUDS eligible and assigned FUDS Project Number J09CA701105. The Archives Search Report (ASR) Supplement established one munitions response site (MRS) at Borrego Springs – Military Wash: 1,460-acre MRS01 – Borrego Target #64. The acreage and coordinates for the MRS are listed in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Borrego Springs – Military Wash Munitions Response Site Coordinates

MRS

MRS

Acreage(1) X-Coordinate(2)

(meters) Y-Coordinate(2)

(meters)

MRS01 – Borrego Target #64 1,460 578786.37 E 3674006.18 N

(1) Acreage based on the ASR Supplement. The FUDS Management Information System (FUDSMIS) and the Defense Environmental Programs - Annual Report to Congress (DEP-ARC) incorrectly indicate 1,675 acres.

(2) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 11 North American Datum (NAD) 83 (MRS Centroid).

1.1.3 The Department of Defense (DoD) established the Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP) to address DoD sites suspected of containing munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) or munitions constituents (MC). Under the MMRP, the USACE is conducting environmental response activities at FUDS for the Army, the DoD’s executive agent for the FUDS program.

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1.1.4 Pursuant to the USACE’s Engineer Regulation (ER) 200-3-1 (USACE, 2004) and the Management Guidance for the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) (Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense [Installations and Environment], 2001), USACE is conducting FUDS response activities.

All work is performed in accordance with the following:

The DERP statute (10 U.S. Code [USC] 2701);

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) (42 USC §9601 et seq.);

Executive Orders 12580 and 13016; and

The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) (40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] Part 300)

1.1.5 USACE is conducting remedial SIs, as set forth in the NCP, to evaluate hazardous substance releases or threatened releases from eligible FUDS.

1.1.6 While not all MEC/MC constitute CERCLA hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants, the DERP statute provides DoD the authority to respond to releases of MEC/MC, and DoD policy states that such responses shall be conducted in accordance with CERCLA and the NCP.

1.1.7 This report summarizes the work performed during the SI and presents an accounting of any MEC and MC contamination identified on the site. The SI was limited exclusively to MEC and MC contamination issues requiring collection of a sufficient and appropriate amount of information, but does not consider other unrelated hazardous and toxic waste (HTW) concerns the site may pose. Per ER 200-3-1, guidance for conducting an SI, Section 4-4.1.2:

The SI is not intended as a full-scale study of the nature and extent of contamination or explosive hazards. The objectives of the remedial SI are to: (i) Eliminate from further consideration those releases that pose no significant threat to public health or the environment; (ii) Determine the potential need for removal action; (iii) Collect or develop additional data, appropriate for Hazard Ranking System (HRS) scoring by [US]EPA; and

(iv) Collect data, as appropriate, to characterize the release for effective and rapid initiation of the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

(RI/FS).

1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

1.2.1 The primary objective of the MMRP SI is to determine whether or not a FUDS project warrants further response action under CERCLA. The SI collects sufficient and appropriate information necessary to make this determination, as well as:

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determines the potential need for a removal action;

collects or develops additional data, as appropriate, for HRS scoring by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); and collects data, as appropriate, to characterize the release for effective and rapid initiation of the RI/FS.

1.2.2 Another objective of the MMRP SI is to collect the additional data necessary to complete the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol (MRSPP).

1.3 PROJECT SCOPE

1.3.1 This SI for the Borrego Springs – Military Wash site evaluates potential MEC and MC presence. In general, the scope of work for the site included qualitative reconnaissance (QR) and MC sampling. The QR and MC sampling were focused within the MRS. The TPP Team concurred that the SI data collection efforts would focus on screening for MC contamination in surface soil. Groundwater, surface water, sediment, and air samples were not collected.

1.3.2 The primary project planning documents used to perform the SI included the USACE South Pacific Division Range Support Center (SPD RSC) Programmatic Work Plan (PWP) (Parsons, 2010a), the Programmatic Sampling and Analysis Plan (PSAP) (USACE, 2005), the PSAP Addendum (Parsons, 2006), and the Final Site Specific Work Plan (SS-WP) Addendum to the PWP for Borrego Springs – Military Wash (Parsons, 2010b). The Performance Work Statement for this project is included in Appendix A.

1.3.3 The USACE, Los Angeles District (CESPL) facilitated a Technical Project Planning (TPP) meeting on September 21, 2009, that included representatives from CESPL, California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), State of California Department of Parks and Recreation, and Parsons. The TPP Team unanimously concurred with the Technical Approach presented in the Final TPP Memorandum (Parsons, 2009), including the locations of surface soil samples, sampling methods, and laboratory analyses for explosives, select metals, and pH.

1.3.4 As detailed in the Final SS-WP Addendum, the TPP Team agreed that comparison criteria for the soil sampling results would include California Human Health Screening Levels (CHHSLs) supplemented with USEPA Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) (when CHHSLs are not available) for residential soil. Ecological Screening Values (ESVs) would include USEPA Ecological Soil Screening Levels (EcoSSLs) supplemented with the appropriate ESVs from the references cited by the PSAP Addendum. The TPP Team agreed that a soil sampling depth of 0 to 6 inches below ground surface (bgs) was appropriate for this site.

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Site Location

Site Location

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CHAPTER 2

PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY

2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION

The Borrego Springs - Military Wash site is located in northeastern San Diego County, California approximately 4 miles west of the San Diego/Imperial County Line.

The site lies approximately 12 miles east-southeast of Borrego Springs and approximately 3 miles north of Ocotillo Wells, California. The site consists of a single 1,460-acre MRS identified as MRS01 – Borrego Target #64. Figures 1.1 and 2.1 show the site location. The MRS is located on undeveloped desert land owned by the State of California, with the majority under the control of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (ABDSP) and the remainder controlled by Ocotillo Wells State Vehicular Recreation Area (OWSVRA).

2.2 SITE LOCATION AND SETTING

2.2.1 Topography and Vegetation

2.2.1.1 The topography of the Anza-Borrego Desert Region is characterized by broad alluvial valleys with sandy washes and dry lake beds, and rugged low to mid elevation mountain ranges with steep ridges and deep canyons. The Borrego Springs – Military Wash site is located on a broad alluvial plain northeast of Borrego Mountain.

The topography in the MRS consists of relatively flat areas with gently rolling hills.

Overall, the topography slopes gently to the southeast. Elevations range from approximately 400 feet in the northernmost part of the MRS to approximately 260 feet in the southern part. A few washes are present in the MRS that transmit surface south-southeast during heavy rainfall events.

2.2.1.2 The dominant vegetative community in the Anza-Borrego Desert is the Desert Scrub. This community covers a wide range of habitats and is common in desert plains and the lower slopes of foothills where the soils are well-drained and the climate is hot and dry. The Desert Scrub Community is generally dominated by the Creosote bush and includes the Desert agave, Ocotillo plant, Burro brush, and a variety of cacti (County of San Diego, 2009). This community is dominant on the alluvial plain of the Military Wash site. The vegetation is generally sparse with symmetrically-spaced Creosote brush.

2.2.2 Climate

2.2.2.1 The climate in the Anza-Borrego Desert Region is typical of deserts in the western U.S. and is characterized by hot summers and mild winters, high aridity, and low

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rainfall. Elevation differences result in significant climate variability between the higher elevation mountain areas and the low elevation deserts.