2024_USACE_CrescentCityHarbor_SAR.pdf

CRESCENT CITY HARBOR FEDERAL NAVIGATION

CHANNEL – 2024 MAINTENANCE DREDGING

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS REPORT

June 2024

Prepared for

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 450 Golden Gate Ave, 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94103-1398

Prepared by

Pacific EcoRisk 2250 Cordelia Road Fairfield, CA 94534

Prepared by

DR Reed and Associates Inc.

4207 SE Woodstock Blvd #484 Portland, Oregon 97206

USACE, San Francisco District Crescent City Harbor 2024 Maintenance Dredging Sampling and Analysis Report

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Table of Contents Page

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Description

1.2 Objectives of the Sediment Investigation

1.3 Organization of this Document

2. FIELD SEDIMENT SAMPLE COLLECTION

2.1 Collection of Crescent City Harbor Federal Navigation Channel Sediment Cores

2.1.1 Field Equipment Decontamination Procedure

2.1.2 On-Board Sample Processing and Labeling

2.2 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

3. SAMPLE PROCESSING

3.1 Homogenization and Compositing of Sediments

3.2 Shipping of Sediment Samples to the Analytical Laboratories

3.2.1 Chain-of-Custody (COC) Protocol

3.3 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

4. RESULTS OF LABORATORY ANALYSES

4.1 Results of Physical and Chemical Analysis of Crescent City Federal Navigation

Channel Sediments

4.1.1 Total Solids and Total Organic Carbon

4.1.2 Grain Size

4.1.3. Metals

4.1.4. Butylins

4.1.5. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

4.1.6. Organochlorine Pesticides

4.1.7. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

4.1.8. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

4.1.9. Phthalates

4.1.10. Phenols

4.1.11. Miscellaneous Extractables

4.1.12. Dioxins and Furans

4.2. Results of Modified Waste Extraction Analysis of Crescent City Federal Navigation Channel Sediments

4.3 Results of Modified Elutriate Test Analysis of Crescent City Federal Navigation Channel Sediments

5. Results of Biological Testing

5.1 Benthic (Solid-Phase Sediment) Toxicity Testing

5.1.1 Sediment Porewater Characterization

5.1.2 Effects of the Crescent City Harbor Sediments on Leptocheirus plumulosus

5.1.2.1 Reference Toxicant Toxicity to Leptocheirus plumulosus

5.1.2.2 Ammonia Toxicity to Leptocheirus plumulosus

5.1.3 Effects of the Crescent City Harbor Sediments on Neanthes arenaceodentata

5.1.3.1 Reference Toxicant Toxicity to Neanthes arenaceodentata

5.1.3.2. Ammonia Toxicity to Neanthes arenaceodentata

5.2 Water Column (Standard Sediment Elutriate) Toxicity Testing

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5.2.1 Toxicity of the Crescent City Harbor Sediment Elutriates to Mytilus galloprovincialis

5.2.1.1 Reference Toxicant Toxicity to Mytilus galloprovincialis Embryos

5.2.2 Toxicity of the Crescent City Harbor Sediment Elutriates to Americamysis bahia ...44

5.2.2.1 Reference Toxicant Toxicity to Americamysis bahia

5.2.3 Toxicity of the Crescent City Harbor Sediment Elutriates to Menidia beryllina

5.2.3.1 Reference Toxicant Toxicity to Menidia beryllina

5.2.4 Toxicity Testing of Crescent City Harbor Modified Elutriates using

Americamysis bahia

5.2.4.1 Reference Toxicant Toxicity to Americamysis bahia

5.3 Bioaccumulation Testing of the Crescent City Harbor Sediments

5.3.1 Sediment Bioaccumulation Test Data for Macoma nasuta

5.3.2 Sediment Bioaccumulation Test Data for Nereis virens

6. CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF BIVALVE AND POLYCHEATE TISSUES

6.1 Bioaccumulation Test Tissue Results

6.2 Comparison of Tissue Concentrations to HOODS Reference Site Database

7. QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW

7.1 Conventional and Chemical Analytical Quality Control Summary

7.1.1 Sediment Conventional and Chemical Analytical QA/QC Summary

7.1.2 Modified Waste Extraction Test (mWET) Chemical Analytical QA/QC

Summary

7.1.3 Modified Elutriate Test (MET) Chemical Analytical QA/QC Summary

7.1.4 Tissue Sample Analytical QA/QC Summary

8. SUMMARY

8.1 Whaler Island Nearshore Disposal Site

8.2 Unconfined Aquatic Disposal at HOODS

9. REFERENCES

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Appendices

Appendix A Sediment Core Collection Forms

Appendix B Eurofins Data Reports of the Sediment Analyses

Appendix C Eurofins Data Report for the mWET Analyses

Appendix D Eurofins Data Report for the Sediment MET Elutriate Analyses

Appendix E Sediment Porewater Water Quality Analyses and Overlying Water Ammonia

Analyses Performed in Support of Bioassay Testing

Appendix F Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Evaluation of the Toxicity of the

Crescent City Harbor Sediments to the Amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus

Appendix G Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Reference Toxicant Evaluation of the

Amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus

Appendix H Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Ammonia Toxicity Evaluation of the

Amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus

Appendix I Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Evaluation of the Toxicity of the

Crescent City Harbor Sediments to the Polychaete, Neanthes arenaceodentata

Appendix J Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Reference Toxicant Evaluation of the

Polychaete, Neanthes arenaceodentata

Appendix K Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Ammonia Toxicity Evaluation of the

Polychaete, Neanthes arenaceodentata

Appendix L Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Evaluation of the Toxicity of the

Crescent City Harbor Sediment Elutriates to Bivalve (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Embryos

Appendix M Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Reference Toxicant Evaluation of the

Mytilus galloprovincialis Embryos

Appendix N Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Evaluation of the Toxicity of the

Crescent City Harbor Sediment Elutriates to Mysids (Americamysis bahia)

Appendix O Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Reference Toxicant Evaluation of the

Mysid, Americamysis bahia

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Appendices (continued)

Appendix P Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Toxicity Evaluation of the Crescent City Harbor Sediment Elutriates with the Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina)

Appendix Q Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Reference Toxicant Evaluation of the

Inland Silverside, Menidia beryllina

Appendix R Disposal Site Mixing Model Calculations

Appendix S Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Toxicity Evaluation of the Crescent

City Harbor Modified Elutriate Test Sediment Elutriates to Americamysis bahia

Appendix T Test Data and Summary of Statistics for the Reference Toxicant Evaluation of the

Mysid, Americamysis bahia

Appendix U Test Data for the Crescent City Harbor Sediment Bioaccumulation Tests with the

Bivalve, Macoma nasuta

Appendix V Test Data for the Crescent City Harbor Sediment Bioaccumulation Tests with the

Polychaete, Nereis virens

Appendix W Results of Macoma nasuta and Nereis virens Tissue Analyses: Laboratory Data

Report Submitted by Eurofins

Appendix X Bioassay Standard Test Conditions

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List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Location Map: Crescent City Harbor Figure 1-2. Vicinity Map: Crescent City Harbor Figure 1-3. Project Overview: Crescent City Harbor Figure 2-1. Site Map: Crescent City Harbor Proposed and Actual Sample Locations Figure 2-2. Site Map: Crescent City Harbor: Entrance Channel Proposed and Actual Sample

Locations Figure 2-3. Site Map: Crescent City Harbor: Inner Harbor and Marina Access Channel Proposed and Actual Sample Locations Figure 8-1. Whaler Island Suitability Decision Flowchart

List of Tables

Table 1-1. Proposed Maintenance Dredging for Crescent City Harbor Table 2-1. Crescent City Harbor Sampling Station Locations and Core Depths Achieved Table 4-1. Results of Chemical Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Sediments Table 4-2. Results of mWET Elutriate Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Composited Sediments

Table 4-3. Results of Results of MET Elutriate Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Composited

Sediments Table 4-4. Sediment Analytes Measured Above HOODS Benchmark Data and Ecological

Screening Levels Table 5-1. Sediment Porewater Initial Water Ammonia Levels Table 5-2. Leptocheirus plumulosus survival in the Crescent City Harbor sediments Table 5-3. Reference Toxicant Testing: Effects of KCl on Leptocheirus plumulosus Table 5-4. Effects of Ammonia on Leptocheirus plumulosus Table 5-5. Neanthes arenaceodentata survival in the Crescent City Harbor sediments Table 5-6. Reference Toxicant Testing: Effects of KCl on Neanthes arenaceodentata Table 5-7. Effects of Ammonia on Neanthes arenaceodentata Table 5-8. Results of the Crescent City Harbor Sediment Elutriate Toxicity Tests and Dilution

Model Calculations Table 5-9. Effects of CCH-2024-2 Sediment Elutriate on Mytilus galloprovincialis Table 5-10. Effects of CCH-2024-3 Sediment Elutriate on Mytilus galloprovincialis Table 5-11. Reference Toxicant Testing: Effects of KCl on Mytilus galloprovincialis Table 5-12. Effects of CCH-2024-2 Sediment Elutriate on Americamysis bahia Table 5-13. Effects of CCH-2024-3 Sediment Elutriate on Americamysis bahia Table 5-14. Reference Toxicant Testing: Effects of KCl on Americamysis bahia Table 5-15. Effects of CCH-2024-2 Sediment Elutriate on Menidia beryllina Table 5-16. Effects of CCH-2024-3 Sediment Elutriate on Menidia beryllina Table 5-17. Reference Toxicant Testing: Effects of KCl on Menidia beryllina Table 5-18. Effects of Crescent City Harbor MET Elutriates on Americamysis bahia Table 5-19. Reference Toxicant Testing: Effects of KCl on Americamysis bahia Table 5-20. Crescent City Harbor Sediment Bioaccumulation Testing with Macoma nasuta

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Table 5-21. Crescent City Harbor Sediment Bioaccumulation Testing with Nereis virens Table 6-1. Tissue Analysis Performed to Support Disposal at HOODS Table 6-2. Results of the Chemical Analysis of Macoma nasuta Tissues for Crescent City Harbor

Samples Table 6-3. Results of the Chemical Analysis of Nereis virens Tissues for Crescent City Harbor

Samples Table 7-1. Achieved Detection and Reporting Limits for Sediments Table 7-2. Achieved Detection and Reporting Limits for Modified Elutriate and Modified Waste

Extraction Test Analytes

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List of Acronyms

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials Crescent City Harbor Crescent City Harbor Federal Navigation Channel

COC Chain-of-custody DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ER-L Effect range-low Eurofins Eurofins Calscience ft foot GPS Global positioning system HDPE high-density polyethylene HOODS Humboldt Open Ocean Disposal Site KEI Kinnetic Environmental, Inc.

LC lethal concentration (e.g., LC50) MDL method detection limit MET Modified Elutriate Test mg/kg milligram/kilogram MLLW Mean lower low water MRL method reporting limits MS Matrix Spike MSD Matrix Spike Duplicate mWET modified waste extraction test ng/kg nanogram per kilogram O&M Operations and Maintenance OCI organochlorine OTM Ocean Testing Manual PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PER Pacific EcoRisk QA/QC quality assurance/quality control RPD Relative Percent Difference SAP Sampling and Analysis Plan SEF Sediment Evaluation Framework SET sediment elutriate test

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List of Acronyms (continued)

SOP Standard Operating Procedures SPP Suspended particulate phase SUAD Suitable for unconfined aquatic disposal TEF Toxicity equivalency factors TEQ Toxicity equivalency quotients USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USEPA United Stated Environmental Protection Agency WAAS Wide Angle Augmentation System WHO World Health Organization yd3 Cubic yards

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1. INTRODUCTION

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) San Francisco District is planning to dredge the Crescent City Harbor Federal Channel (Crescent City Harbor) as part of its O&M Dredging Program (Figures 1-1 through 1-3). In order to provide the physical and chemical characterization needed to obtain regulatory approval for this dredging, the USACE has contracted DR Reed and Associates Inc. (DR Reed) and Pacific EcoRisk (PER) to perform sediment characterization of Crescent City Harbor sediments as per regional and federal guidance. DR Reed and PER conducted sampling and analyses of these sediments in accordance with the Crescent City Harbor Federal Navigation Channel 2024 Maintenance Dredging Sampling & Analysis Plan, Tier III Evaluation (SAP [USACE 2023]), ), Master Sampling and Analysis Plan USACE SF-District O&M Dredging (USACE 2021), Ocean Testing Manual (OTM [USEPA/USACE 1991]), Inland Testing Manual (ITM [USEPA/USACE 1998]).

This sampling and analyses covered agency requirements for placement of dredged material at Whaler Island or unconfined aquatic disposal at the Humboldt Open Ocean Disposal Site

(HOODS).

1.1 Project Description

Crescent City Harbor is located on the Northern California coast, approximately 280 nautical miles north of San Francisco and about 17 miles south of the Oregon border (Figures 1-1 and 1- 2). The harbor is located on the south edge of a broad marine terrace bordered on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by densely forested coastal mountains.

Crescent City Harbor is a shallow-draft critical harbor of refuge, supporting a Coast Guard search and rescue station, commercial and sport fishing, waterfront industry and recreational boating.

There are currently three federally constructed and maintained navigation channels at Crescent City Harbor (Figure 1-3). The Inner Harbor Basin Channel extends for 2,200 feet along the inside and around the tip of the inner breakwater, where it connects to the Entrance Channel, a 200-foot-wide channel that extends 2,200 feet to the outer breakwater, and lastly the Marina Access Channel is 140-210 feet wide and extends 1,200 feet from the Inner Harbor Basin Channel to the small boat basin.

The Entrance Channel has a project depth of -20.0 feet mean lower low water (MLLW) + 2.0 ft allowable over-depth while the interior channels, Inner Harbor Basin Channel and Marina Access Channel, have a project depth of -15.0 ft MLLW+ 2.0 ft allowable over-depth. The Entrance Channel was accordingly sampled and tested to a total depth of -22.0 ft MLLW and the Inner Harbor Basin and Marina Access Channels were sampled and tested to a total depth of -

17.0 ft MLLW. In addition, “Z-layer” samples consisting of the top 6 inches of the post-dredged mudline project depth were collected at -22.5 ft MLLW for the Entrance Channel and to -17.5 ft MLLW for the Inner Harbor Basin and Marina Access Channels.

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The current volume estimates based on the condition survey completed in January of 2024 are shown below in Table 1-1. The survey indicates that removing shoaled material to project depth would result in dredging 39,581 yd3. In order to achieve project depth there is an allowable over-depth of two feet. The first foot of over-depth contains 37,526 yd3. The second foot of over-depth also contains 37,526 yd3 of material. This over-depth brings the total current dredge volume to 114,632 yd3.

Table 1-1. Proposed Maintenance Dredging for Crescent City Harbor.

Sampling Area Volume (yd3) of Shoaled Material Total

Estimated Volume

(yd3)

Depth (ft MLLW)

Allowable Over-depth (ft) Project Depth

1st ft Overdepth

2nd ft Overdepth

Entrance Channel 19,957 19,719 19,719 59,396 20 2

Inner Harbor Channel 4,685 11,112 11,112 26,909 15 2

Marina Access Channel 14,939 6,695 6,695 28,328 15 2

Total Volume = 39,581 37,526 37,526 114,632 MLLW - Mean Lower Low Water yd3- Cubic Yards ft - feet

1.2 Objectives of the Sediment Investigation

The objective of the current sampling and testing is to evaluate the proposed dredged material to determine whether any potential adverse impacts may occur during removal operations and/or placement at the permitted disposal site. The procedures for sediment sample collection, sample processing and preparation, physical and chemical analyses, and data analyses were presented in a previously approved SAP (USACE 2023) and approved Master SAP “Master Sampling and Analysis Plan USACE SF-District O&M Dredging (USACE 2021). The specific objectives of the SAP scope-of-work are as follows:

• Collect core samples from within the designated sampling areas following field protocol detailed in the SAP; and

• Conduct physical (e.g., grain size), limited chemical (ammonia, sulfides, and metals), and limited biological (MET toxicity testing) analyses on the “sandy” Entrance Channel; and physical, chemical, and biological analyses of the Inner Harbor Channel and Marina Access Channel sediments to determine suitability of the material for placement at Whaler Island or suitability for unconfined aquatic disposal (SUAD) at HOODS.

1.3 Organization of this Document

Sample collection and handling procedures are discussed in Sections 2 and 3 of this report.

Results of physical and chemical analyses and biological toxicity testing are provided in Sections 4-6. Section 7 discusses quality control (QC) and Section 8 presents the conclusions regarding suitability of the material for placement at Whaler Island and/or HOODS.

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2. FIELD SEDIMENT SAMPLE COLLECTION

2.1 Collection of Crescent City Harbor Federal Navigation Channel Sediment Cores

All sediments were collected in accordance with guidelines and procedures outlined in the SAP (USACE 2023). All field sampling activities were performed on March 19 and 20, 2024, under the direction of Mr. Jeffrey Cotsifas (of PER). Kinnetic Environmental, Inc. (KEI) provided the sampling vessel, on-board positioning system, and sampling equipment. PER provided a Field Scientist to assist in sediment core collection and collection of site water. Sediment cores were collected from 14 designated sites (Figures 2-1 through 2-3); Table 2-1 lists site identifiers, GPS coordinates, mudline elevations, and core penetration depths for all sites. Final site positions were determined with a global positioning system (GPS) that uses U.S. Government Wide Angle Augmentation System (WAAS) differential correction data to identify each sampling location.

Sediment was also collected from HOODS for use as a reference sediment in the bioassay testing.

2.1.1 Field Equipment Decontamination Procedure

The deck of the vessel was rinsed clean with site water between stations. All sampling equipment coming in contact with collected sediments was decontaminated between stations using the following procedures:

1. Rinse with site water and wash with scrub brush until free of sediment;

2. Wash with phosphate-free biodegradable soap solution; and

3. Rinse with site water taken from 3 ft. below the surface.

Any sampling equipment that could not be properly cleaned was not used for subsequent sampling activities.

2.1.2 On-Board Sample Processing and Labeling

All sediment cores were collected to the project depth plus over-depth, or until refusal was met, using an appropriate coring device. For each core, an additional 0.5 ft core section was collected from immediately below the ‘project depth plus over-depth’ and was designated the ‘Z-layer’.

The individual sediment cores were extruded on board the sampling vessel and the ‘Z-layer’ section of sediment was removed from each core and stored in a separate container; all core sections were placed into food-grade polyethylene bags. While aboard the vessel, samples were temporarily stored on ice (or frozen “blue ice”) within insulated coolers until transport to the laboratory in Fairfield, CA, by PER staff.

2.2 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

There were no unusual circumstances encountered during the fieldwork, and no major deviations from the SAP (USACE 2023). The proposed and actual station locations are presented in Figures 2-1 through 2-3. The Core Collection Forms are presented in Appendix A.

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Table 2-1. Crescent City Harbor Sampling Station Locations and Core Depths Achieved.

SAMPLE ID Sample Date Latitude (decimal-deg)A

Longitude (decimal-deg)A

Mudline Elevation

(ft MLLW)B

Core Penetration

Depth Including Z-Layer (ft)

Total Core Depth

(ft MLLW) Entrance Channel

CCH-2024-1-1 3/19/24 41.73762o -124.18951o -18.8 3.7 -22.5 CCH-2024-1-2 3/19/24 41.73976o -124.18969o -19.7 2.8 -22.5 CCH-2024-1-3 3/19/24 41.74143o -124.18905o -19.0 3.5 -22.5 CCH-2024-1-4 3/19/24 41.74226o -124.18925o -17.5 5.0 -22.5 CCH-2024-1-5 3/19/24 41.73967o -124.18893o -19.9 2.6 -22.5 CCH-2024-1-6 3/19/24 41.74089o -124.18958o -19.8 2.7 -22.5

Inner Harbor Channel CCH-2024-2-1 3/19/24 41.74428o -124.18760o -14.3 3.2 -17.5 CCH-2024-2-2 3/19/24 41.74389o -124.18690o -12.1 5.4 -17.5 CCH-2024-2-3 3/19/24 41.74334o -124.18628o -14.5 3.0 -17.5 CCH-2024-2-4 3/19/24 41.74309o -124.18520o -14.6 2.9 -17.5

Marina Access Channel CCH-2024-3-1 3/19/24 41.74485o -124.18605o -13.6 3.9 -17.5 CCH-2024-3-2 3/20/24 41.74543o -124.18561o -12.7 4.8 -17.5 CCH-2024-3-3 3/20/24 41.74582o -124.18469o -13.5 3.8 -17.3C CCH-2024-3-4 3/19/24 41.74664o -124.18430o -14.1 3.2 -17.3C

NOTES:

A - State Plane Coordinate System, California Zone 3, NAD 83.

B - Mudline elevations were determined using a lead-line.

C – 0.3 ft Z-Layer collected due to refusal.

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3. SAMPLE PROCESSING

3.1 Homogenization and Compositing of Sediments

Each core was divided into project dredge depth sections (including overdredge) and Z-layer sections aboard the sampling vessel. Homogenization and compositing of individual sediment core sections was performed at the PER laboratory facility in Fairfield, CA. The project dredge depth section from each core was individually homogenized in a stainless-steel bowl or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) container. A 500-mL sub-sample of the resulting homogenized sediment was archived to allow for additional chemical analyses, if necessary; archived samples are being stored frozen at £-20˚C for up to one [1] year after sample collection.

Proportionate amounts of the homogenized sediment from the Entrance Channel project depth sediment core sections were composited and homogenized to form the “CCH-2024-1” composite sediment. The Inner Harbor Channel/ Marina Access Channel area project depth sediment core sections were similarly processed to form the “CCH-2024-2” and “CCH-2024-3” composite sediments, respectively. Sub-samples of the composited sediments were frozen for archival storage as described above. Samples of the composited project dredge depth sediments were submitted for chemical and conventional analyses.

The Z-layer samples were similarly processed, with each individual Z-layer core section being individually homogenized and archived. Representative amounts of the homogenized Z-layer sediment for each individual core for the Entrance Channel were composited to form a homogenized Z-layer composite sample designated “CCH-2024-1 Z-Layer”. The Inner Harbor Channel/ Marina Access Channel area Z-layers samples were similarly processed to form the “CCH-2024-2 Z-Layer” and “CCH-2024-3 Z-Layer” composite sediments. The homogenized Z-layer composite and individual core samples were frozen for archival storage as described above.

3.2 Shipping of Sediment Samples to the Analytical Laboratories

Prior to shipping to the analytical laboratory, sample containers were wrapped in bubble wrap and securely packed inside a cooler with ice packs or crushed ice. A temperature blank was included in each cooler. The original signed chain-of-custody (COC) forms were placed inside the lid of each cooler and packaging tape was wrapped completely around each cooler. This Side

Up arrow labels and a Glass-Handle with Care label were attached on each side and to the top of each cooler, respectively. Each cooler was then sealed with custody seals on both the front and the back lid seams.

The sediment samples were shipped by overnight delivery. The sub-contracting analytical laboratories have been instructed to not dispose of any samples for this project unless notified by PER in writing.

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3.2.1 Chain-of-Custody (COC) Protocol

COC procedures were followed for all samples throughout the collection, handling, and analyses activities. The Sampling and Analysis Project Manager, or a designee, was responsible for all sample tracking and COC procedures. This person was responsible for final sample inventory, maintenance of sample custody documentation, and completion of COC forms prior to transferring samples to the analytical laboratory. A COC form accompanied each cooler of samples to the respective analytical laboratories. Each custodian of the samples signed the COC form; copies of the COC forms are retained in the project file.

3.3 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

No deviations from the SAP occurred for sample processing.

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4. RESULTS OF LABORATORY ANALYSES

Sediment physical and chemical characteristics provide information about chemicals of concern present in the sediment and their potential bioavailability, and about non-chemical factors that could affect toxicity.

The Crescent City Harbor sediments collected from the Entrance Channel (CCH-2024-1) were submitted to Eurofins Calscience (Eurofins located in Tustin, CA) for conventional parameters (total solids, TOC, and grain size) and limited chemical analyses (trace metals, sulfides, and ammonia) as specified in the SAP (USACE 2023). The results of these analyses are presented below in Section 4.1 and Table 4-1. The full Data Reports submitted by Eurofins for these bulk sediment analyses are provided in Appendix B.

The Crescent City Harbor sediments collected from the Inner Harbor Channel, and Marina Access Channel areas were submitted to Eurofins for conventional parameters (total solids, TOC, and grain size) and chemical analyses including trace metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine (OCl) pesticides, butyltins (also referred to as organotins), chlorinated hydrocarbons, phthalates, phenols, dioxins/furans, and miscellaneous extractables as specified in the SAP (USACE 2023). The Inner Harbor Channel (CCH-2024-2) and the Marina Access Channel (CCH-2024-3) received further testing than the Entrance Channel (CCH-2024-1) because these areas were assumed to be silty, based on the 2018 testing results. However, all three composites had high sand content (>80% sand) for this sampling effort. The results of these analyses are presented below in Section 4.1 and Table 4-1.

The full Data Reports submitted by Eurofins for these bulk sediment analyses are provided in Appendix B

A modified waste extraction test (mWET) was performed for the Crescent City Harbor composite samples from the Inner Harbor Channel and Marina Access Channel; the results of these mWET analyses are presented in Table 4-2 and Section 4-2. The full Data Report submitted by Eurofins for the mWET analyses is provided in Appendix C.

Modified Elutriate Test (MET) samples were prepared for the Crescent City Harbor composite samples from the Inner Harbor Channel and Marina Access Channel and were submitted to Eurofins for chemical analyses; the results of these MET analyses are presented in Table 4-3 and Section 4-3. The full Data Report submitted by Eurofins for the MET analyses is provided in Appendix D. The MET elutriates were also evaluated for toxicity; the results of those analyses are presented in Section 5.

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The results of the physical and chemical analysis of the sediments were compared to:

• HOODS results;

• Marine sediment toxicity screening levels for chemicals of concern, Sediment Evaluation

Framework for the Pacific Northwest (USACE 2018);

• Effects Range Low (ER-L) sediment quality objectives from Long et al. (1995); and

• Marine Water Quality Objectives for Toxic Pollutants for Surface Waters (USEPA, 2000).

Analytes whose reported concentrations exceeded these screening levels are presented in Table 4-4.

4.1 Results of Physical and Chemical Analysis of Crescent City Federal Navigation Channel Sediments

Each of the Entrance Channel (CCH-2024-1), Inner Harbor Channel (CCH-2024-2), and Marina Access Channel (CCH-2024-3) Area composite samples were analyzed for percent solids, TOC, grain size, total sulfides, ammonia, and metals; these results are presented in Table 4-1 and Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. Additionally, the CCH-2024-2 and CCH-2024-3 Area composite samples were analyzed for butyltins, PCBs, organochlorine (OCl) pesticides, PAHs, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, phenols, miscellaneous extractables, and dioxins/furans; these results are presented in Table 4-1 and Sections 4.1.3 through 4.1.12.

4.1.1 Total Solids and Total Organic Carbon

Total solids in all cores ranged from 47.0 – 71.7%. The TOC concentrations ranged from 1.1 – 4.8%.

4.1.2 Grain Size

Particle size distribution in the CCH-2024-1 sample from the Entrance Channel area consisted of 8.62% fines (silt and clay), and total sand and gravel consisted of 91.4%. CCH-2024-2 (Inner Harbor Channel) and CCH-2024-3 (Marina Access Channel) areas consisted of 3.6 – 8.8% fines (silt and clay), and total sand and gravel consisted of 91 – 94.1%.

4.1.3 Metals

CCH-2024-1 – Nickel was measured above the Effect Range-Low (ER-L) and the HOODS reference site concentration. Cadmium, chromium, mercury, and molybdenum were measured above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below the ER-L concentration. All remaining metal analyte concentrations were below all screening criteria in the composite sample.

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Table 4-1. Results of Chemical Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Sediments.

Analyte CCH- 2024-1

CCH-

2024-2

CCH-

2024-3

HOODS

2024 SEF1 ER-L2

Grain Size (%, dry wt) Gravel (>2.00 mm) 0 0.22 2.29 0 - - Sand (0.0625-2.00 mm) 91.38 90.97 94.06 57.55 - - Silt (0.0039-0.0625 mm) 7.78 7.89 3.12 39.82 - - Clay (< 0.0039 mm) 0.84 0.92 0.53 2.62 - - Percent fines (Silt+Clay) 8.62 8.81 3.65 42.44 - - % Solids 71.7 47.0 61.6 70.2 - -

TOC (%) 1.09 4.77 3.74 0.720 - -

Total Sulfides (mg/kg) 272A 937A 514A 10.2 J - - Ammonia (mg/kg) 134 J 390 A 174A 152 - - Metals (mg/kg, dry wt) Antimony <0.191 0.759 JA <0.191 0.222 J 150 - Arsenic 4.48 6.14A 4.95 5.13 57 8.2 Barium 19.2 45.4 26.1 110 - - Beryllium <0.209 <0.316 <0.208 0.355 J - - Cadmium 0.109 A 0.598A 0.376A 0.067 5.1 1.2 Chromium 78.2A 96.7A,B 87.0A,B 60.9 260 81 Cobalt 8.26 12.0A 9.44 11.0 - - Copper 9.26 30.9A 22.5A 20.6 390 34 Lead 2.89 6.85A 4.24 6.13 450 46.7 Mercury 0.0506 JA 0.0849 JA 0.0385 JA <0.0313 0.41 0.15 Molybdenum 0.525 J A 3.81A 1.60A 0.501 J - - Nickel 111A,B 130A,B 119A,B 79.5 - 20.9 Selenium 0.158 J 0.628A 0.144 0.198 J - - Silver 0.028 J 0.114A 0.057 J 0.057 J 6.1 1.0 Thallium <0.0901 0.412 JA 0.0949 JA <0.0851 - - Vanadium 22.8 41.4A 29.0 37.6 - - Zinc 29.6 54.0 41.1 54.1 410 150 Butyltins (µg/kg, dry wt) Tetrabutyltin - <3.6 <2.3 <2.3 - - Tributyltin - <3.1 <2.0 <2.0 733 - Dibutyltin - <2.8 <1.8 <1.8 - - Monobutyltin - <1.2 <0.77 <0.76 - - ∑ detected Butylins - 0 0 0 - -

Notes:

1 - Marine sediment toxicity screening levels for chemicals of concern, Sediment Evaluation Framework for the Pacific Northwest (USACE, 2018).

2 - Effects Range Low; NOAA Sediment Quality Guidelines (Long, et. al, 1995).

3 - SEF Bioaccumulation Trigger (USACE 2018) J - Analyte detected below the method reporting limit (MRL) and the reported value is therefore an estimate.

All concentrations reported as being below the laboratory MDL are reported above as < the MDL.

A - Value exceeds HOODS reference site.

B - Value exceeds ER-L

Pacific EcoRisk 16

Table 4-1 (cont). Results of Chemical Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Sediments.

Analyte CCH-2024-2 CCH-2024-3 HOODS 2024 SEF1 ER-L2

PCBs (µg/kg, dry wt)

PCB 005/008 <0.26 <0.17 <0.16 - -

PCB 018 <0.21 <0.14 <0.13 - -

PCB 028 <0.23 <0.15 <0.14 - -

PCB 031 <0.20 <0.13 <0.13 - -

PCB 033 <0.11 <0.069 <0.067 - -

PCB 044 <0.27 <0.18 <0.17 - -

PCB 049 <0.24 <0.16 <0.15 - -

PCB 052 <0.18 <0.12 <0.11 - -

PCB 056 <0.11 <0.069 <0.067 - -

PCB 060 <0.29 <0.19 <0.18 - -

PCB 066 <0.25 <0.16 <0.16 - -

PCB 070 <0.21 <0.14 <0.13 - -

PCB 074 <0.23 <0.15 <0.15 - -

PCB 087 <0.28 <0.18 <0.18 - -

PCB 095 <0.15 <0.097 <0.094 - -

PCB 097 <0.31 <0.20 <0.20 - -

PCB 099 <0.19 <0.13 <0.12 - -

PCB 101 <0.24 <0.16 0.28 - -

PCB 105 <0.24 <0.16 <0.15 - -

PCB 110 <0.20 <0.13 <0.13 - -

PCB 118 <0.18 <0.12 <0.11 - -

PCB 128 <0.31 <0.20 <0.20 - -

PCB 132/153 <0.54 <0.35 <0.34 - -

PCB 138/158 <0.54 <0.36 <0.34 - -

PCB 141 <0.15 <0.097 <0.094 - -

PCB 149 <0.24 <0.16 <0.15 - -

PCB 151 <0.21 <0.13 <0.13 - -

PCB 156 <0.21 <0.14 <0.13 - -

PCB 170 <0.23 <0.15 <0.15 - -

PCB 174 <0.13 <0.084 <0.081 - -

PCB 177 <0.21 <0.14 <0.13 - -

PCB 180 <0.19 <0.12 0.45 - -

PCB 183 <0.27 <0.18 <0.17 - -

PCB 187 <0.20 <0.13 0.28 - -

PCB 194 <0.25 <0.16 <0.16 - -

PCB 195 <0.14 <0.092 <0.088 - -

PCB 201 <0.31 <0.20 <0.20 - -

PCB 203 <0.16 <0.10 <0.099 - -

∑ detected PCBs 0 0 1.01 130 22.7

Notes:

1 - Marine sediment toxicity screening levels for chemicals of concern, Sediment Evaluation Framework for the Pacific Northwest (USACE, 2018).

2 - Effects Range Low; NOAA Sediment Quality Guidelines (Long, et. al, 1995).

All concentrations reported as being below the laboratory MDL are reported above as < the MDL.

Pacific EcoRisk 17

2024-2

CCH-

2024-3

HOODS

2024 SEF1 ER-L2

Organochlorine Pesticides (µg/kg, dry wt) Aldrin <0.82 <0.54 <0.52 9.5 -alpha-BHC <0.18 <0.12 <0.11 - -beta-BHC <0.43 <0.28 <0.27 - -delta-BHC <0.34 <0.22 <0.21 - -gamma-BHC (lindane) <0.24 <0.16 <0.15 - - Total BHCs 0 0 0 - - Cis-nonachlor <0.11 <0.070 <0.067 - -alpha-Chlordane <0.23 <0.15 <0.14 - -gamma-Chlordane <0.79 <0.52 <0.50 - - Chlordane <1.6 <1.1 <1.0 2.8 - Dieldrin <0.15 <0.097 <0.094 1.9 - Endosulfan I <0.26 <0.17 <0.17 - - Endosulfan II <0.51 <0.33 <0.32 - - Endosulfan sulfate <0.24 <0.16 <0.15 - - Endrin <0.43 <0.28 <0.27 - - Endrin aldehyde <2.2 <1.4 <1.4 - - Endrin ketone <0.43 <0.28 - - - Heptachlor <0.13 <0.088 <0.084 1.5 - Heptachlor epoxide <0.19 <0.13 <0.12 - - Methoxylchlor <0.37 <0.24 <0.23 - - Toxaphene <2.2 <1.5 <1.4 - - Trans-nonachlor <0.25 <0.17 <0.16 - -

2,4'-DDD <0.14 <0.094 <0.091 - -

2,4'-DDE <2.3 <1.5 <1.5 - -

2,4'-DDT <0.21 <0.14 <0.13 - -

4,4'-DDD <1.1 <0.74 <0.71 16 -

4,4'-DDE <0.61 39A,B,C <0.38 9 2.2

4,4'-DDT <0.69 <0.45 <0.44 12 -

∑ detected DDTs 0 39A,C 0 503 1.58

Notes:

1 - Marine sediment toxicity screening levels for chemicals of concern, Sediment Evaluation Framework for the Pacific Northwest (USACE, 2018).

2 - Effects Range Low; NOAA Sediment Quality Guidelines (Long, et. al, 1995).

3 - DMMP User Manual (DMMP 2021) and SF-Bay (SFEI 2024) Bioaccumulation Trigger.

J - Analyte detected below the method reporting limit (MRL) and the reported value is therefore an estimate.

All concentrations reported as being below the laboratory MDL are reported above as < the MDL.

A - Value exceeds HOODS reference site.

B - Value exceeds SEF toxicity trigger.

C - Value exceeds ER-L

Pacific EcoRisk 18

2024-2

CCH-

2024-3

HOODS

2024 SEF1 ER-L2

PAHs (µg/kg, dry wt) 1-Methylnaphthalene (LPAH) 8.9 J 5.8 J 36 J - - 1-Methylphenanthrene (LPAH) <3.3 <2.1 28 J - - 2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene (LPAH) <2.9 <1.9 12 J - - 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene (LPAH) 53A 21 45 J - - 2-Methylnaphthalene (LPAH) 13 J 9.7 J 57 J 670 70 Acenaphthene (LPAH) <8.4 <5.5 <27 500 16 Acenaphthylene (LPAH) <4.1 <2.7 <13 560 44 Anthracene (LPAH) 12 J 6.5 J <14 960 85.3 Benzo(a)anthracene (HPAH) 15 J 7.8 J <22 1,300 261 Benzo(a)pyrene (HPAH) <10 <6.9 <33 1,600 430 Benzo(b)fluoranthene (HPAH) <17 <11 <54 - - Benzo(e)pyrene (HPAH) <14 <9.3 <45 - - Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (HPAH) <11 <7.5 <36 670 - Benzo(k)fluoranthene (HPAH) 6.3 J <4.0 <19 3,200 - Biphenyl (LPAH) 6.1 J 41 JA 16 J - - Chrysene (HPAH) 17 J 9.3 J <18 1,400 384 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (HPAH) <17 <11 <55 230 63.4 Dibenzothiophene (LPAH) <2.7 <1.8 <8.6 - - Fluoranthene (HPAH) 45A 31A <18 1,700 600 Fluorene (LPAH) 11 J 6.7 J <26 540 19 Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (HPAH) <14 <9.1 <44 600 - Naphthalene (LPAH) 15 J 8.5 J <31 2,100 160 Perylene (HPAH) 60A 9.9 J 33 J - - Phenanthrene (LPAH) 32 19 59 J 1,500 240 Pyrene (HPAH) 40A 31A 19 J 2,600 665 ∑ LPAHs 151 118 253 5,200 552 ∑ HPAHs 183A

A 89A 52 12,000 1,700

∑ detected PAHs 334A 207 305 - 4,022 Notes:

1 - Marine sediment toxicity screening levels for chemicals of concern, Sediment Evaluation Framework for the Pacific Northwest (USACE, 2018).

2 - Effects Range Low; NOAA Sediment Quality Guidelines (Long, et. al, 1995).

J - Analyte detected below the method reporting limit (MRL) and the reported value is therefore an estimate.

Pacific EcoRisk 19

2024-2

CCH-

2024-3

HOODS

2024 SEF1 ER-L2

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (µg/kg, dry wt)

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene <4.5 <2.9 <14 31 - 1,2-Dichlorobenzene <4.3 <2.9 <0.014 35 - 1,4-Dichlorobenzene <9.3 <6.1 <0.030 110 - Hexachlorobenzene <11 <7.5 <0.036 22 - Phthalate Esters (µg/kg, dry wt)

Bis 2-ethylhexyl phthalate <73 50 JA <0.23 1,300 - Butyl benzyl phthalate <48 <32 <0.15 63 - Diethyl phthalate 11 JA <7.1 <0.034 200 - Dimethyl phthalate <6.6 <4.3 <0.021 71 - Di-n-butyl phthalate, 100 JA <69 <0.33 1,400 - Di-n-octyl phthalate <29 <19 <0.092 6,200 - Phenols (µg/kg, dry wt) 2,4-Dimethylphenol <9.7 <6.4 <0.031 29 - 2-Methylphenol <5.6 <3.7 <0.018 63 - 3/4-Methylphenol 210A 16 JA <0.030 670 - Pentachlorophenol <230 <150 <0.074 400 - Phenol 66A 14 JA 0.089 420 - Total Phenols <450 <300 0.089 - - Miscellaneous Extractables (µg/kg, dry wt)

Benzoic acid <500 <330 <1.6 650 - Benzyl alcohol <310 <210 <0.99 57 - Dibenzofuran 9.4 JA 6.9 JA <0.024 540 - Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene <8.7 <5.7 <0.028 11 - Hexachloroethane <5.4 <3.5 <0.017 - -

Notes:

1 - Marine sediment toxicity screening levels for chemicals of concern, Sediment Evaluation Framework for the Pacific Northwest (USACE, 2018).

2 - Effects Range Low; NOAA Sediment Quality Guidelines (Long, et. al, 1995).

J - Analyte detected below the method reporting limit (MRL) and the reported value is therefore an estimate.

Pacific EcoRisk 20

Analyte TEF Sample ID

HOODS 2024 SEF1 ER-L2

CCH-2024-2 CCH-2024-3

Dioxins and Furans (ng/kg, dry wt) Conc. TEQ Conc. TEQ Conc. TEQ 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.010 46 0.46 25 0.25 2.6 J 0.026 - - 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.010 11 0.11 5.8 J 0.058 <0.31 0 - - 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.10 0.75 J 0.0075 0.78 J 0.0078 <0.28 0 - - 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.10 0.87 J 0.087 0.56 J 0.056 <0.50 0 - - 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.010 2.7 J 0.27 1.5 J 0.15 <0.59 0 - - 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.10 2.4 J 0.24 1.8 J 0.18 <0.52 0 - - 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.10 0.49 J 0.049 1.1 J 0.11 <0.27 0 - - 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 1.0 <0.27 0 0.58 J 0.058 <0.28 0 - - 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.030 <0.26 0 0.44 J 0.044 <0.27 0 - - 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.10 0.26 J 0.026 0.36 J 0.036 <0.26 0 - -

OCDD 0.10 410 0.123 230 0.069 19 0.0057 - -

OCDF 0.10 32 0.0096 14 J 0.0042 1.0 J 0.0003 - -

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 0.30 <0.55 0 <0.37 0 <0.89 0 - - 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 1.0 <0.27 0 <0.17 0 <0.26 0 - - 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.10 <0.28 0 <0.19 0 0.99 J 0.297 - -

2,3,7,8-TCDD 0.0003 <0.25 0 <0.16 0 <0.16 0 - -

2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.0003 <0.14 0 <0.068 0 <0.53 0 - -

∑ Dioxin/Furan (ng TEQ/kg, dry wt) NA NA 1.38A NA 1.02A NA 0.329 - - Notes:

1 - Marine sediment toxicity screening levels for chemicals of concern, Sediment Evaluation Framework for the Pacific Northwest (USACE, 2018).

2 - Effects Range Low; NOAA Sediment Quality Guidelines (Long, et. al, 1995).

J - Analyte detected below the method reporting limit (MRL) and the reported value is therefore an estimate.

Pacific EcoRisk 21

CCH-2024-2 – Chromium and nickel were measured above the ER-L. With the exception of barium, beryllium, and zinc, all metals were measured above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below available ER-L concentrations. All remaining metal analyte concentrations were below all screening criteria in the composite sample.

CCH-2024-3 – Chromium and nickel were measured above the ER-L and the HOODS reference site concentration. Cadmium, copper, mercury, molybdenum, and thallium were measured above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below available ER-L concentrations. All remaining metal analyte concentrations were below all screening criteria in the composite sample.

4.1.4 Butyltins

Total butyltins were reported below the method detection limit (MDL) in the CCH-2024-2 and CCH-2024-3 composite samples.

4.1.5 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Total PCBs were reported below the MDL in the CCH-2024-2 and CCH-2024-3 composite samples.

4.1.6 Organochlorine Pesticides

The 4,4'-DDE (and total DDT) concentration was 39 µg/kg in the CCH-2024-3 sample, which was above the SEF toxicity trigger, ER-L, and HOODS reference site concentration, but below the SEF bioaccumulation trigger. The remaining OCl pesticides were below their respective MDLs.

4.1.7 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

The total PAH concentration for the CCH-2024-2 sample was 334 μg/kg, which is above the HOODS reference site concentration but below remaining screening criteria. The total PAH concentration for the CCH-2024-3 sample was below all screening criteria.

4.1.8 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

All chlorinated hydrocarbons analyte concentrations were below MDL in the CCH-2024-2 and CCH-2024-3 composite samples.

4.1.9 Phthalates

CCH-2024-2 – The diethyl phthalate concentration was 11 µg/kg and the di-n-butyl phthalate concentration was 100 µg/kg, both of which were above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below remaining screening criteria. All remaining phthalate analyte concentrations were below MDL.

Pacific EcoRisk 22

CCH-2024-3 – The bis 2-ethylhexyl phthalate concentration was 50 µg/kg, which was above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below remaining screening criteria. All remaining phthalate analyte concentrations were below MDL.

4.1.10 Phenols

CCH-2024-2 – The 3/4-methylphenol concentration was 210 µg/kg and the phenol concentration was 66 µg/kg, both of which were above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below remaining screening criteria All remaining phenol analyte concentrations were below MDL.

CCH-2024-3 – The 3/4-methylphenol concentration was 16 µg/kg and the phenol concentration was 14 µg/kg, both of which were above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below remaining screening criteria. All remaining phenol analyte concentrations were below MDL.

4.1.11 Miscellaneous Extractables

CCH-2024-2 – The dibenzofuran concentration was 9.4 µg/kg, which was above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below remaining screening criteria. All remaining miscellaneous extractables analyte concentrations were below MDL.

CCH-2024-3 – The dibenzofuran concentration was 6.9 µg/kg, which was above the HOODS reference site concentration, but below remaining screening criteria. All remaining miscellaneous extractables analyte concentrations were below MDL.

4.1.12 Dioxins and Furans

Dioxins and furans concentrations were adjusted according to applicable World Health Organization (WHO) toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) and are expressed as toxicity equivalency quotients (TEQs). Dioxins and furans TEQs in all composites ranged from 1.02 -

1.38 ng TEQ/kg. Dioxins and furans TEQs in the CCH-2024-2 and CCH-2024-3 samples were greater than the HOODS reference site TEQ of 0.329 ng TEQ/kg.

4.2 Results of Modified Waste Extraction Analysis of Crescent City Federal Navigation Channel Sediments

Crescent City Harbor Modified Waste Extraction Tests (mWET) extracts were evaluated to predict the concentrations of analytes that would be present in leachate following upland placement of dredged material; the results of these analyses are summarized in Table 4-2.

All Crescent City Harbor mWET elutriate samples analyte concentrations were below available Marine Water Quality Objectives for Toxic Pollutants for Surface Water.

Pacific EcoRisk 23

4.3 Results of Modified Elutriate Test Analysis of Crescent City Federal Navigation Channel Sediments The Crescent City Harbor MET elutriate analyses were evaluated to predict the concentrations of analytes that would be present in decant water discharged from a wetland beneficial reuse site following the upland placement of dredged material at a site such as Whaler Island; the results of these analyses are summarized in Table 4-3. All Crescent City Harbor MET elutriate samples analyte concentrations were below available Marine Water Quality Objectives for Toxic Pollutants for Surface Water.

Pacific EcoRisk 24

Table 4-2. Results of mWET Elutriate Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Composite Sediments.

Analyte CCH-2024-2 CCH-2024-3

Marine Water Quality Objectives for Toxic Pollutants for Surface

Waters (µg/L)1,2 Criterion

Continuous Concentration3

Criterion Maximum

Concentration4 Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) - - TOC (mg/L) 6.13 3.98 - - Total Sulfides (mg/L) <0.0166 <0.0166 - - Ammonia (mg/L) 2.01 0.794 - - Metals (µg/L) Antimony 0.887 0.717 - - Arsenic 8.27 6.63 361 691 Barium 7.05 4.51 - - Beryllium <0.290 <0.290 - - Cadmium 0.0250 0.0190 J 9.31 425 Chromium 0.953 0.651 501,5 11001,5 Cobalt 0.102 0.0930 - - Copper 2.27 2.67 3.11 4.81 Lead 0.258 0.227 8.11 2101 Mercury 0.00477 0.00323 0.0251 2.11 Molybdenum 36.2 29.7 - - Nickel 2.69 1.98 8.21 7.41 Selenium <0.300 <0.300 5.06 206 Silver <0.0780 <0.0780 - - Thallium <0.0150 <0.0150 - - Vanadium 3.60 5.16 - - Zinc 2.07 1.87 - - Butyltins (µg/L) Tetrabutyltin <0.0015 <0.0014 - - Tributyltin <0.0011 <0.0011 - - Dibutyltin 0.033 0.053 - - Monobutyltin 1.2 1.5 - - ∑ detected Butylins 1.23 1.55 - -

Notes:

1 - California Toxics Rule Criteria, 40 CFR Part 131.38 (USEPA, 2000).

2 - Water quality objectives for metals criteria are expressed in terms of the dissolved fraction of the metal in the water column, unless otherwise noted.

3 - Criterion Continuous Concentration = the greatest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for an extended period (4-day average) without deleterious effects.

4 - Criterion Maximum Concentration = the greatest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a short period of time (1-hour average) without deleterious effects.

5 -Water quality objective is for chromium VI; however, it may be met as total chromium.

6 - National Toxics Rule.

Pacific EcoRisk 25

Table 4-2. Results of mWET Elutriate Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Sediments (continued).

Analyte CCH-2024-2 CCH-2024-3

Marine Water Quality Objectives for Toxic Pollutants for Surface Waters (µg/L)1,2

Criterion Continuous Concentration3

Criterion Maximum Concentration4

PCBs (µg/L, dry wt)

PCB 005/008 <0.013 <0.0013 - 0.031

PCB 018 <0.0010 <0.0010 - 0.031

PCB 028 <0.0010 <0.0010 - 0.031

PCB 031 <0.00042 <0.00042 - 0.031

PCB 033 <0.00044 <0.00044 - 0.031

PCB 044 <0.0015 <0.0015 - 0.031

PCB 049 <0.00099 <0.00098 - 0.031

PCB 052 <0.0011 <0.0011 - 0.031

PCB 056 <0.0017 <0.0017 - 0.031

PCB 060 <0.00056 <0.00055 - 0.031

PCB 066 <0.0019 <0.0019 - 0.031

PCB 070 <0.00095 <0.00094 - 0.031

PCB 074 <0.0013 <0.0013 - 0.031

PCB 087 <0.00096 <0.00095 - 0.031

PCB 095 <0.00072 <0.00071 - 0.031

PCB 097 <0.00071 <0.00071 - 0.031

PCB 099 <0.00069 <0.00069 - 0.031

PCB 101 <0.0015 <0.0014 - 0.031

PCB 105 <0.00097 <0.00096 - 0.031

PCB 110 <0.0013 <0.0013 - 0.031

PCB 118 <0.0014 <0.0014 - 0.031

PCB 128 <0.0028 <0.0028 - 0.031

PCB 132/153 <0.0022 <0.0021 - 0.031

PCB 138/158 <0.0027 <0.0027 - 0.031

PCB 141 <0.0011 <0.0011 - 0.031

PCB 149 <0.00072 <0.00072 - 0.031

PCB 151 <0.0011 <0.0011 - 0.031

PCB 156 <0.0011 <0.0011 - 0.031

PCB 170 <0.00072 <0.00072 - 0.031

∑ detected PCBs 0 0 - -

Notes:

1 - California Toxics Rule Criteria, 40 CFR Part 131.38 (USEPA, 2000).

2 - Water quality objectives for metals criteria are expressed in terms of the dissolved fraction of the metal in the water column, unless otherwise noted.

3 - Criterion Continuous Concentration = the greatest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for an extended period (4-day average) without deleterious effects.

4 - Criterion Maximum Concentration = the greatest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a short period of time (1-hour average) without deleterious effects.

Pacific EcoRisk 26

Table 4-2. Results of mWET Elutriate Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Sediments

Analyte CCH- 2024-2

CCH-

2024-3

Marine Water Quality Objectives for Toxic Pollutants for Surface Waters (µg/L)1,2

Criterion Continuous Concentration3

Criterion Maximum Concentration4

Organochlorine Pesticides (µg/L) Aldrin <0.018 <0.026 - 1.31 alpha-BHC <0.0072 <0.0072 - -beta-BHC <0.024 <0.024 - -delta-BHC <0.012 <0.012 - -gamma-BHC (lindane) <0.0039 <0.0080 - 0.161 Total BHCs 0 0 - - Cis-nonachlor - - - -alpha-Chlordane <0.0050 <0.0050 - -gamma-Chlordane <0.052 <0.052 - - Chlordane <0.15 <0.15 0.0041 0.091 Dieldrin <0.0079 <0.0079 0.00191 0.711 Endosulfan I <0.0077 <0.0077 - - Endosulfan II <0.025 <0.025 - - Endosulfan sulfate <0.0082 <0.0082 - - Endrin <0.014 <0.014 0.00231 0.0371 Endrin aldehyde <0.15 <0.15 - - Endrin ketone <0.013 <0.013 - - Heptachlor <0.0071 <0.0071 0.00361 0.0531 Heptachlor epoxide <0.024 <0.024 0.00361 0.0531 Methoxylchlor <0.022 <0.022 - - Toxaphene <0.32 <0.32 0.00021 0.21 Trans-nonachlor - - - -

2,4'-DDD - - - -

2,4'-DDE - - - -

2,4'-DDT - - - -

4,4'-DDD <0.026 <0.026 - -

4,4'-DDE <0.011 <0.011 - -

4,4'-DDT <0.0096 <0.0096 0.0011 0.131

∑ detected DDTs 0 0 - -

Notes:

1 - California Toxics Rule Criteria, 40 CFR Part 131.38 (USEPA, 2000).

2 - Water quality objectives for metals criteria are expressed in terms of the dissolved fraction of the metal in the water column, unless otherwise noted.

3 - Criterion Continuous Concentration = the greatest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for an extended period (4-day average) without deleterious effects.

4 - Criterion Maximum Concentration = the greatest concentration of a pollutant to which aquatic life can be exposed for a short period of time (1-hour average) without deleterious effects.

Pacific EcoRisk 27

Table 4-2. Results of mWET Elutriate Analyses of Crescent City Harbor Sediments (continued).

2024-2

CCH-

2024-3

Marine Water Quality Objectives for Toxic Pollutants for Surface Waters (µg/L)1,2

Criterion Continuous Concentration3

Criterion Maximum Concentration4

PAHs (µg/L) 1-Methylnaphthalene (LPAH) <1.6 <1.6 - - 2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene (LPAH) - - - - 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene (LPAH) - - - - 2-Methylnaphthalene (LPAH) <1.4 <1.4 - - Acenaphthene (LPAH) <1.6 <1.6 - - Acenaphthylene (LPAH) <1.7 <1.7 - - Anthracene (LPAH) <1.8 <1.8 - - Benzo(a)anthracene (HPAH) <2.2 <2.2 - - Benzo(a)pyrene (HPAH) <2.1 <2.1 - - Benzo(b)fluoranthene (HPAH) <1.9 <1.9 - - Benzo(e)pyrene (HPAH) - - - - Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (HPAH) <2.0 <2.0 - - Benzo(k)fluoranthene (HPAH) <2.1 <2.1 - - Biphenyl (LPAH) - - - - Chrysene (HPAH) <1.7 <1.7 - - Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (HPAH) <2.0 <1.