USACE Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels 2017 OM Dredging SAR.pdf

Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels 2017 Operations and Maintenance Dredging

Sampling and Analysis Report

REVISED FINAL

February 2018

Prepared for: Prepared by:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers San Francisco District

1455 Market Street San Francisco, CA 94103-1389

ADH Environmental 3065 Porter Street, Suite 101

Soquel, California 95073

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Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels 2017 Operations and Maintenance Dredging

Sampling and Analysis Report

REVISED FINAL

February 2018

Prepared For:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers San Francisco District

Engineering and Technical Services Division Planning Branch

Environmental Section B

Prepared By:

ADH Environmental 3065 Porter Street, Suite 101

Soquel, CA 95073

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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017 Operations and Maintenance Dredging Sampling and Analysis Report – REVISED FINAL

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CASE NARRATIVE

1. PROJECT OVERVIEW

1.1. Project Location and Description

2. FIELD METHODS

2.1. Decontamination of Sampling Equipment

2.2. Sediment Core Sample Collection

2.2.1. Vibracore Sampler and Vessel

2.2.2. Navigation and Positioning

2.2.3. Sediment Coring Procedures

2.2.4. Sediment Core Sample Processing

2.2.5. Pipe Dredge Sampling Procedures and Sample Processing

2.3. Site Water Collection

2.4. Field Documentation

2.5. Chain of Custody Documentation

2.6. Shipping

3. FIELD SAMPLING RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS

4.1. Sediment Results – Physical Parameters and Analytical Chemistry

4.1.1. Total Fixed Solids and Total Organic Carbon

4.1.2. Particle Size Distribution

4.1.3. Metals and Selenium

4.1.4. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

4.1.5. Organochlorine Pesticides

4.1.6. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

4.1.6.1. Composite Area 6 High Resolution Results

4.1.7. Butyltins

4.1.8. Dioxins and Furans

4.2. Modified Elutriate Test (MET) Chemistry Results

4.3. Modified Waste Extraction Test Using Deionized Water (DI-WET)

4.4. Modified Elutriate Test (MET) Bioassay Results

4.4.1. MET Sediment Elutriate Toxicity Testing with Americamysis bahia

4.4.1.1. Survival of Americamysis bahia in 100 Percent MET Elutriate

4.4.1.2. Reference Toxicant Testing with Americamysis bahia

4.5. Water Column (Standard Elutriate Test) Bioassay Results

4.5.1. Survival and Normal Development of Mytilus galloprovincialis

4.5.2. Reference Toxicant Testing with Mytilus galloprovincialis

4.5.3. Survival of Americamysis bahia

4.5.4. Reference Toxicant Testing with Americamysis bahia

4.5.5. Survival of Menidia beryllina

4.5.6. Reference Toxicant Testing with Menidia beryllina

4.6. Benthic Sediment Toxicity Testing Results

4.6.1. Survival of Leptocheirus plumulosus in Sediments

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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4.6.2. Reference Toxicant and Ammonia Testing with Leptocheirus plumulosus

4.6.3. Survival of Neanthes arenaceodentata in Sediments

4.6.4. Reference Toxicant and Ammonia Testing with Neanthes arenaceodentata

4.7. Bioaccumulation Exposures and Tissue Analytical Results

4.7.1. Bioaccumulation Exposure Results for Macoma nasuta

4.7.2. Bioaccumulation Exposure Results for Nereis virens

4.7.3. Bioaccumulation Tissue PCBs Results from Composite Area 6

4.7.4. Bioaccumulation Tissue PCBs Results Compared to Other Criteria and Studies

4.7.5. Bioaccumulation Tissue Dioxins and Furans Results from All Composite Areas

5. DEVELOPMENT OF DIOXINS/FURANS BIOTA SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION FACTORS

AND BIOMAGNIFICATION POTENTIAL

5.1. Calculation of Site Specific Biota Sediment Accumulation Factors

5.2. Assessment of Bioaccumulation/Biomagnification Potential

5.2.1. Comparison of Tissue Analyte Concentrations to USFDA Action Levels

5.2.2. Comparison of Tissue Concentrations to Tissue Residue Effects Data for

Invertebrates

5.2.3. Potential for Dioxin/Furan Biomagnification to Fish

5.2.4. Fish Tissue Screening Values

5.2.5. Comparison of Estimated Fish Tissue Concentrations to Screening Values

6. LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL

6.1. Reporting Limits

6.2. Physical and Chemical Analyses

6.2.1. Method Blank Samples

6.2.2. Laboratory Duplicates

6.2.3. Matrix Spike and Laboratory Control Samples

6.2.4. Surrogate Spikes

6.2.5. Sample Holding Times

6.2.6. Sample Notes

6.2.7. Data Validation

6.3. Biological Analyses

6.3.1. Negative Laboratory Control

6.3.2. Positive Laboratory Control

6.3.3. Concentration Response Relationships

6.4. Tissue Bioaccumulation Analyses

7. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

7.1. Sample Collection Results Summary

7.2. Sediment Physical and Chemical Results Summary

7.3. MET and DI-WET Chemical Results Summary

7.4. Biological Testing Results Summary

7.5. Bioaccumulation Testing Results Summary

7.6. Sediment Suitability Recommendation for Disposal at SF-DODS

7.7. Sediment Suitability Recommendation for Upland Disposal

8. REFERENCES

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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COMPACT DISK (ENCLOSED)

Report (Adobe PDF Format)

Report (Microsoft Word Format)

Appendix A: Field Sampling Logs

Appendix B: Physical, Chemical and Toxicological Laboratory Reports

Appendix C: Physical, Chemical and Toxicological Laboratory EDDs

Appendix D: STFATE Model Data

Appendix E: Bioaccumulation Tissue Results for All Replicates and Mean Concentrations of Five Replicates

Appendix F: Dioxins/Furans Biota Sediment Accumulation Factors Development and Biomagnification Potential Report (PER, 2017)

Appendix G: Metadata

List of Tables

Table 1. Field and Laboratory Sample Identification Numbers and Project Consultants Table 2. Estimated Dredge Acreage and Quantities Table 3. Target and Actual Sediment Sample Locations Table 4. Sediment Core Sampling Summary Table 5. Sediment Sample Descriptions Table 6. Analytical Methods and Target Reporting Limits for Sediment Table 7. Oakland Inner Harbor Channel – 2017 Physical and Chemical Sediment Quality Data

Results Table 8. Oakland Outer Harbor Channel – 2017 Physical and Chemical Sediment Quality Data

Results Table 9. Composite Area 6 High Resolution Sediment Quality Data Results and Z-Layer Analysis for PCBs Table 10. Analytical Methods and Target Reporting Limits for Aqueous Extractants (MET and DI-

WET)

Table 11. Oakland Inner Harbor Channel MET Results for Total and Dissolved Metals, Selenium and TSS Table 12. Oakland Outer Harbor Channel MET Results for Total and Dissolved Metals, Selenium and TSS Table 13. Oakland Inner Harbor Channel DI-WET Results for Metals and Selenium Table 14. Oakland Outer Harbor Channel DI-WET Results for Metals and Selenium Table 15. Effects of MET Elutriates on Americamysis bahia Table 16. Effects of Reference Toxicant KCl on Americamysis bahia for the MET Bioassay Table 17. Effects of Sediment Elutriates on the Survival and Normal Development of the Bivalve

Mytilus galloprovincialis Table 18. Effects of Reference Toxicant on Mytilus galloprovincialis for the SET Bioassay Table 19. Effects of Sediment Elutriates on the Survival of the Mysid Shrimp Americamysis bahia Table 20. Effects of Reference Toxicant on Americamysis bahia for the SET Bioassay

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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Table 21. Effects of Sediment Elutriates on the Survival of the Estuarine Fish Menidia beryllina Table 22. Effects of Reference Toxicant on Menidia beryllina for the SET Bioassay Table 23. Effects of Sediments on the Survival of the Amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus Table 24. Effects of Reference Toxicant KCl on Leptocheirus plumulosus Table 25. Effects of Ammonia on Leptocheirus plumulosus Table 26. Effects of Sediments on the Survival of the Polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata Table 27. Effects of Reference Toxicant KCl on Neanthes arenaceodentata Table 28. Effects of Reference Toxicant Ammonia (NH3) on Neanthes arenaceodentata Table 29. Bioaccumulation 28-Day Exposure Effects of Sediments on the Survival of the Bivalve

Macoma nasuta Table 30. Bioaccumulation 28-Day Exposure Effects of Sediments on the Survival of the

Polychaete Nereis virens Table 31. Bioaccumulation Tissue PCBs Results – Composite Area 6, Composite of Five

Replicates Table 32. Bioaccumulation Tissue Dioxins and Furans Summary Results – Mean TEQ of Five

Replicates for the Bivalve Macoma nasuta Table 33. Bioaccumulation Tissue Dioxins and Furans Summary Results – Mean TEQ of Five

Replicates for the Polychaete Nereis virens Table 34. Determination of Macoma nasuta Site Specific BSAF Table 35. Determination of Nereis virens Site Specific BSAF Table 36. Comparison of Estimated Shiner Surf Perch Tissue Burden Levels to Fish Tissue

Screening Levels Assuming Prey Composition of 100 Percent Macoma nasuta Table 37. Comparison of Estimated Shiner Surf Perch Tissue Burden Levels to Fish Tissue

Screening Levels Assuming Prey Composition of 100 Percent Nereis virens Table 38. Comparison of Estimated White Croaker Tissue Burden Levels to Fish Tissue Screening

Levels Assuming Prey Composition of 100 Percent Macoma nasuta Table 39. Comparison of Estimated White Croaker Tissue Burden Levels to Fish Tissue Screening

Levels Assuming Prey Composition of 100 Percent Nereis virens Table 40. Sediment Analyses Actual Reporting Limits Table 41. Aqueous Extractant Analyses Actual Reporting Limits

List of Figures

Figure 1. Location of Oakland Harbor Channels, SF-DODS Unconfined Open Ocean Disposal Site, and Cullinan Ranch Restoration Project Upland Beneficial Use Site

Figure 2. Overview of Sampling Locations for Oakland Harbor Channels Figure 3. Oakland Harbor Channels Sampling Locations – OAK-2017-1-1 through OAK-2017-1-4, OAK-2017-2-1 through OAK-2017-2-4, and OAK-2017-7-1 Figure 4. Oakland Harbor Channels Sampling Locations – OAK-2017-3-1 through OAK-2017-3-4 and OAK-2017-4-1 through OAK-2017-4-4 Figure 5. Oakland Harbor Channels Sampling Locations – OAK-2017-5-1 through OAK-2017-5-3 ... 24 Figure 6. Oakland Harbor Channels Sampling Locations – OAK-2017-5-4 through OAK-2017-5-5 and OAK-2017-6-1 through OAK-2017-6-4 Figure 7. Oakland Harbor Channels Sampling Locations – OAK-2017-7-2 through OAK-2017-7-5 ... 26

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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Figure 8. Oakland Harbor Channels Sampling Locations – OAK-2017-8-1 through OAK-2017-8-4 and OAK-2017-9-1 through OAK-2017-9-4

Figure 9. Oakland Harbor Channels Sampling Locations – OAK-2017-10-1 through

OAK-2017-10-4

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

ADDAMS Automated Dredging and Disposal Alternatives Management System ADH ADH Environmental Ah aryl hydrocarbon ALS Australian Laboratory Services ASC ambient sediment concentration bgs below ground surface BHC benzene hexachloride BSAF biota sediment accumulation factor CEDEN California Environmental Data Exchange Network CETIS™ Comprehensive Environmental Toxicity Information System CRRP Cullinan Ranch Restoration Project DDD dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane DDE dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DI-WET deionized water waste extraction test DL detection limit DOD Department of Defense dw dry weight EC50 effects concentration to fifty percent of the population EDD electronic data deliverable ERED Environmental Residue Effects Database FDA Food & Drug Administration GPS global positioning system HPAH high molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon KCl potassium chloride LC50 lethal concentration to fifty percent of the population LCS laboratory control sample LCSD laboratory control sample duplicate LOED lowest observed effect dose LPAH low molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon Master SAP Master Sampling and Analysis Plan, USACE SF-District Operations and Maintenance

Dredging MET modified elutriate test MLLW mean lower low water MS matrix spike MSD matrix spike duplicate NELAC National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference NELAP National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program NOED no observed effect dose O&M Operations and Maintenance Dredging Program PAH polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon PCB polychlorinated biphenyl

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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PER Pacific EcoRisk Port Port of Oakland PORTS Physical Oceanographic Real Time System QA quality assurance QC quality control RL reporting limit RPD relative percent difference RMP San Francisco Bay Regional Monitoring Program R/V research vessel SAP sampling and analysis plan SD standard deviation SET standard elutriate test SFBRWQCB San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board SF-DODS San Francisco Deep Ocean Disposal Site STFATE short term fate TCDD 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin TEF toxicity equivalency factors TEQ toxic equivalency quotient TOC total organic carbon TSS total suspended solids USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency USFDA United States Food and Drug Administration WHO World Health Organization ww wet weight

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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CASE NARRATIVE

In accordance with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Oakland Harbor Tier III Evaluation 2017 Maintenance Dredging and Suitability Determination Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) (USACE, 2017), herein referred to as the SAP, sediment samples were collected from April 10 through 21, 2017, from 10 composite sample areas (six within the Inner Harbor and four within the Outer Harbor). The results presented in this Sampling and Analysis Report are organized with respect to the SAP and the Master Sampling and Analysis Plan, USACE SF-District Operations and Maintenance Dredging (Master SAP) (USACE, 2014), herein referred to as the Master SAP. The results are evaluated with respect to suitability of dredged material placement at the San Francisco Deep Ocean Disposal Site (SF-DODS), which is an unconfined open ocean placement site, and at an upland beneficial use site. The acceptance criteria for Cullinan Ranch Restoration Project (CRRP) are used for the upland beneficial use evaluation.

Each composite sample from Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor federal channels (Oakland Harbor Channels) was comprised of four or five discrete sample locations of overlying materials collected from the mudline elevation to a depth of -52.0 feet mean lower low water (MLLW). Z-layer archive samples were collected at all discrete core locations from -52.0 to -52.5 feet MLLW, except for one Z-layer sample due to vibracore refusal in Composite Area 6. Composite samples were generated, processed, and shipped to analytical laboratories for Tier III analyses per the project SAP, including physical and chemical constituents, biological benthic toxicity tests, water column toxicity tests, modified elutriate tests, and bioaccumulation exposures.

With very minor exceptions, all field and laboratory procedures were conducted in accordance with the SAP and the Master SAP1. Appropriate field sampling quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) measures were taken to ensure the representativeness and integrity of the samples during sample collection, processing, and shipping. All appropriate laboratory QA/QC procedures were conducted, and the correct batch frequency was used. Complete data reports, including all QA/QC results and associated raw data, were produced by each laboratory. Several minor instances occurred in which reporting limits were not met or QA/QC sample results were outside of control limits; in these minor instances, all other associated QA/QC results were within control limits, the data quality was not affected, and the results were considered acceptable for interpretation. Sample identification numbers and the laboratories involved with sample collection and analyses are summarized in Table 1.

This report follows guidelines provided in the SAP, the Master SAP, Public Notice 99-04: Sampling and Analysis Plan (Quality Assurance Project Plan) Guidance for Dredging Projects within the San Francisco District (USACE, 1999), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms (USEPA, 2002).

Oakland Harbor Channels sediment screening included evaluation with respect to the SF-DODS reference database, CRRP acceptance levels, and bioaccumulation trigger values.

1 The target reporting limit for toxaphene in sediment is 50 µg/kg (with a detection limit of 14 µg/kg), which is higher than the Master SAP target reporting limit of 20 µg/kg. The target reporting limit for selenium in an aqueous extract (MET) is 1 µg/L (with a detection limit of 0.2 µg/L), which is higher than the Master SAP target reporting limit of 0.5 µg/L.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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Table 1. Field and Laboratory Sample Identification Numbers and Project Consultants

Sample Identification Sample Collection, Analyses and Testing

Discrete Sediment Core ID

Composite Sample ID

Australian Laboratory Services

Laboratory ID

Pacific EcoRisk

Laboratory ID Sample

Collection

Physical and Chemical Analyses

Toxicity, Bioaccumulation & Elutriate Prep.

OAK-2017-1-1

OAK-2017-1-2

OAK-2017-1-3

OAK-2017-1-4

OAK-2017-1

K1704075 K1704441 K1705824 K1705829

OAK-2017-1

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Environmental

Soquel, CA and

TEG

Oceanographic

Services Santa Cruz, CA

Australian Laboratory Services

Kelso, WA

Pacific EcoRisk Fairfield, CA

OAK-2017-2-1

OAK-2017-2-2

OAK-2017-2-3

OAK-2017-2-4

OAK-2017-2

K1703774 K1704441 K1705824 K1705829

OAK-2017-2

OAK-2017-3-1

OAK-2017-3-2

OAK-2017-3-3

OAK-2017-3-4

OAK-2017-3

K1704075 K1704441 K1705824 K1705829

OAK-2017-3

OAK-2017-4-1

OAK-2017-4-2

OAK-2017-4-3

OAK-2017-4-4

OAK-2017-4

K1704075 K1704441 K1705824 K1705829

OAK-2017-4

OAK-2017-5-1

OAK-2017-5-2

OAK-2017-5-3

OAK-2017-5-4

OAK-2017-5-5

OAK-2017-5

K1703774 K1704441 K1705827 K1705830

OAK-2017-5

OAK-2017-6-1

OAK-2017-6-2

OAK-2017-6-3

OAK-2017-6-4

OAK-2017-6

K1704075 K1704441 K1705827 K1705830

OAK-2017-6

OAK-2017-7-1

OAK-2017-7-2

OAK-2017-7-3

OAK-2017-7-4

OAK-2017-7-5

OAK-2017-7

K1703774 K1704441 K1705827 K1705830

OAK-2017-7

OAK-2017-8-1

OAK-2017-8-2

OAK-2017-8-3

OAK-2017-8-4

OAK-2017-8

K1703774 K1704441 K1705827 K1705830

OAK-2017-8

OAK-2017-9-1

OAK-2017-9-2

OAK-2017-9-3

OAK-2017-9-4

OAK-2017-9

K1704075 K1704441 K1705828 K1705831

OAK-2017-9

OAK-2017-10-1

OAK-2017-10-2

OAK-2017-10-3

OAK-2017-10-4

OAK-2017-10-5

OAK-2017-10

K1704075 K1704441 K1705828 K1705831

OAK-2017-10

ID = Identifier NA = Not applicable

Cathy Dobbins Typewritten Text

Cathy Dobbins Typewritten Text

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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1. PROJECT OVERVIEW

The Port of Oakland (Port) is the second largest port on the West Coast of the United States and the fifth largest container port in the nation. Oakland Harbor Channels provide vital access for commercial vessels to the Port. Maintenance dredging of the Oakland Harbor Channels is required for safe navigation of the deep-draft commercial vessels accessing the Port. Without maintenance dredging, continued shoaling would create navigation hazards entering and exiting the channels.

Oakland Harbor Channels are dredged annually by USACE, San Francisco District, under the operations and maintenance dredging program (O&M). The congressionally authorized depth of both the Inner and Outer Harbor federal channels is -50 feet MLLW. USACE plans to dredge Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor federal channels to -50 feet MLLW plus an allowable overdepth of -2 feet in 2017.

The purpose of the 2017 sampling and analysis program is to confirm the suitability of O&M dredged sediment from Oakland Harbor Channels for various placement options. Suitability determinations are made herein for unconfined open ocean disposal at SF-DODS and for upland beneficial use.

1.1. Project Location and Description

The Oakland Harbor Channels are in the City of Oakland, on the eastern shore of central San Francisco Bay, immediately south of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (Figure 1).

The Inner Harbor Channel boarders the City of Oakland to the north and the City of Alameda to the south, and includes the first 3.75 miles of a longer channel which runs a continuous west to east path for 8 miles from Oakland to San Leandro Bay. The Outer Harbor Channel boarders the western waterfront of the City of Oakland. It runs directly south and nearly parallel to the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge for two-thirds of the channel length at an approximate distance of one-half mile from the bridge.

Based on the most recent hydrographic survey conducted in March 2017, the current shoaling present in Oakland Harbor Channels occurs throughout much of the channels. Some maintenance dredging is needed in all 10 composite areas in 2017. Removing shoaled sediment down to the historically maintained depth of -50 feet MLLW will produce approximately 108,000 cubic yards of material from the Inner Harbor and approximately 75,000 cubic yards of material from the Outer Harbor. Each foot of overdepth will produce approximately 192,000 cubic yards of material from the Inner Harbor and approximately 152,000 cubic yards of material from the Outer Harbor. Refer to Table 2 for details of estimated dredge material volumes from each reach within the Inner and Outer Harbor Channels. Refer to Figure 2 in Section 3 for the geographical delineation of all ten reaches and all ten composite areas.

For this project, shoaled material in Oakland Harbor Channels was characterized by collecting and analyzing 10 composite samples (eight of these were 4-point composites, and two of these were 5-point composites). A total of 42 discrete core sample locations were sampled, and material from each location consisted of the following:

Overlying material: samples collected from the mudline elevation down to the congressionally authorized depth plus -2 feet of allowable overdepth (-52 feet MLLW).

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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Z-layer material: samples collected and archived from -52.0 to -52.5 feet MLLW. Z-layer material represents the sediment to be left in place at the new mudline elevation after dredging.

Table 2. Estimated Dredge Acreage and Quantities

Oakland Harbor Reaches

Estimated

Dredge Acreage

2017 Total Estimated

Dredge Volume (cy)1

2017 Estimated Volume of Shoaled Material (cubic yards)

Channel Project Depth of -50 ft

MLLW

(cy)

Upper Overdepth

(cy)

Lower Overdepth

(cy)

Oakland Inner Harbor Channel

Reach 1 (Stations 0+00-64+00) 68 276,368 62,042 107,163 107,163

Reach 2 (Stations 64+00-110+00)

45 178,373 42,185 68,094 68,094

Reach 3 (Stations 110+00-175+00)

7 12,291 1,313 5,489 5,489

Reach 4 (Stations 175+00-205+00) 7 16,083 1,677 7,203 7,203

Reach 5 (Stations 205+00-230+00)

3 4,923 931 1,996 1,996

Reach 6 (Stations 230+00-244+35) 3 3,411 265 1,573 1,573

Total Inner Harbor 133 491,449 108,413 191,518 191,518

Oakland Outer Harbor Channel

Reach 7 (Stations 0+00-56+00) 31 109,002 20,228 44,387 44,387

Reach 8 (Stations 56+00-80+00) 20 21,431 3,925 8,753 8,753

Reach 9 (Stations 80+00-96+00) 20 75,021 16,085 29,468 29,468

Reach 10 (Stations 96+00-133+49) 46 174,412 34,684 69,864 69,864

Total Outer Harbor 117 379,866 74,922 152,472 152,472

Total Combined Inner and Outer Harbor 250 871,315 183,335 343,990 343,990 1 Estimated dredge volumes are based on the most recent hydrographic survey conducted in March 2017.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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Figure 1. Location of Oakland Harbor Channels, SF-DODS Unconfined Open Ocean Disposal Site, and Cullinan Ranch Restoration Project Upland Beneficial Use Site

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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2. FIELD METHODS

The following subsections describe equipment cleaning, sample collection methods, sample processing methods, and sample handling procedures performed during field operations conducted within Oakland Harbor Channels from April 10 through 21, 2017.

2.1. Decontamination of Sampling Equipment

All aluminum core tubing, stainless-steel core cutter, catcher, sample processing trays and spoons, and the stainless-steel pipe dredge sampler were pre-cleaned prior to field deployment. In accordance with the Master SAP, cleaning of sample processing equipment and pipe dredge sampler consisted of thorough scrubbing with a biodegradable non-phosphate detergent, rinsing three times with tap water, scrubbing with the biodegradable non-phosphate detergent a second time, and rinsing three times with deionized water.

Initial cleaning of the aluminum core tubing and core cutter/catcher also included a steam cleaning procedure using a pressure washer following the initial detergent scrub.

During field sampling operations, all equipment was cleaned between coring locations, with the exceptions that steam cleaning was not performed and site water was used in place of tap water. For each coring attempt, the aluminum core tube was lined with new polyethylene plastic lining. Core extrusion/processing trays were cleaned in the field between each sampling location. The vibracore, aluminum core barrel, and the deck of the vessel were also rinsed with site water between each core sample. Clean stainless-steel mixing trays and spoons were used for processing discrete core samples and for each respective composite sample.

2.2. Sediment Core Sample Collection

The following subsections provide vibracore and vessel specifications, navigation and positioning methods, and vibracore sample collection procedures.

2.2.1. Vibracore Sampler and Vessel

Sediment core collection was performed using an electric powered vibracore sampler operated from aboard the 50-foot R/V Chinook. Both the vibracore sampler and R/V Chinook were provided and operated by TEG Oceanographic Services, Inc. of Santa Cruz, California. The vibracore head was attached to a 3/8-inch twisted wire rope threaded through a block connected to a fixed gantry mounted above the vessel’s moon pool. A 3-phase, 240-volt generator was used to power the vibracore. The vibracore sampler was deployed and retrieved through the vessel’s moon pool using the main electric winch. Attached to the vibracore head, the sediment coring apparatus consisted of an aluminum 4-inch diameter core barrel, a polyethylene plastic core liner for receiving the sediment core, and a stainless-steel cutting tip equipped with a stainless-steel fingered sediment catcher.

2.2.2. Navigation and Positioning

Prior to conducting field activities, target sample coordinates referenced to North American Datum of 1983, as provided by USACE, were programmed into the vessel’s Global Positioning System (GPS) plotter. GPS is a navigation system consisting of 24 satellites in six planes orbiting the Earth. GPS measures distances

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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To maintain an accurate location with respect to target sample coordinates, positioning of the R/V Chinook was achieved by setting two bow anchors and one stern anchor in opposing directions of the target sample location. Final positioning over the target sample location was made by adjusting the scope of one or more anchor rodes, as needed.

At each target location, water depth measurements were taken using an onboard depth sounder which was calibrated on the first day of the field effort. The sounder’s transducer was deployed through the moon pool very near to the vibracore’s deployment point. Following a depth measurement, tidal predictions from Yerba Buena Island, Matson Wharf and Oakland Inner Harbor tide gauges were used to correct depth measurements relative to MLLW. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Physical Oceanographic Realtime System (PORTS) data were referenced daily to make offsets for observed versus predicted tidal elevations due to changes in local atmospheric pressure.

2.2.3. Sediment Coring Procedures

The vibracore sampler was lowered into the water until it approached the sediment surface, at which point it was turned on and allowed to advance itself by vibration into the sediment material until it reached or passed the required depth of penetration. Real-time penetration depth was measured using a fiberglass reinforced measuring tape fastened to the suspension bridal of the vibracore head. Upon completion of penetration, the vibracore barrel was slowly extracted from the sediment and brought aboard. The core cutter and catcher were removed, and the aluminum core tube was removed from the vibracore head. The polyethylene core liner containing the sediment sample was pulled from the core tube and placed in processing trays.

The actual location coordinates, collection date and time, tidally-corrected sediment elevation, core length penetration, core length recovery, standard observations, and sediment core descriptions were recorded on field log sheets. Copies of all field sediment sampling logs are presented in Appendix A.

Sediment coring included sediment collection to the project dredge depth plus an additional 0.5 feet Z-layer.

Sediment core samples were collected using an aluminum 4-inch diameter by 8-foot long core barrel. Any sediment collected below the Z-layer elevation was discarded overboard at the site of collection.

To satisfy all analytical testing and sample archive volume requirements, 68 liters of sediment was needed per composite area. Based on the latest bathymetric survey, the expected sediment volume per core location was calculated. From these calculations, it was determined three replicate core samples were needed at each location in Composite Areas 2 and 7, and four replicate core samples were needed at each location in all eight remaining composite areas (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10).

2.2.4. Sediment Core Sample Processing

Separate composite samples were generated for chemistry and biological analyses. This was performed to facilitate generation of the chemistry archive samples and ensure the integrity of all samples. The large volume of sediment required for biological analyses necessitated the storage of sampled material in large

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

ADH Environmental 9 stainless-steel mixing cans. All sediment samples were thoroughly mixed (homogenized) and sub-sampled with clean stainless-steel mixing paddles and/or spoons. An electric powered mixing paddle was used to assist in the homogenization of the large sample for biological analysis (60 liters of sediment per composite area). All sample processing and sub-sampling was performed in the field aboard the R/V Chinook, as detailed below.

After the successful collection of a sediment core, each sample was placed in a processing tray. The core sample was re-measured for the length from ground surface to project depth. A protocol-cleaned knife was used to cut open the polyethylene liner containing the sample, thereby exposing the sediment for processing.

A protocol-cleaned, stainless-steel spoon was used to scrape away and discard the surface layer of each core and expose material not disturbed by contact with the cutting/catcher tip and polyethylene liner.

Sediment core characteristics (lithology) were recorded on field log sheets, including composition, texture, color, odor, and debris present. Following characterization, any sediment collected outside the target dredge depth was discarded overboard at the site of collection.

Representative chemistry composite sampling was performed by sub-sampling each core in proportion to its length, such that for each running foot of core length the same volume of material was sub-sampled.

Sub-sampling consisted of uniformly scraping sediment from the undisturbed center portion of each core using a protocol-cleaned stainless-steel spoon. For discrete and archive samples, the collected sediment was immediately homogenized until uniform in color and texture. Mixing was performed using a protocol-cleaned, stainless-steel mixing tray and spoon. For each discrete sample in a composite area, the same procedure was performed to obtain two 500 ml archive samples (one for storage at 4 ºC; one for storage at -20 ºC), after which the remaining sub-sample was stored on ice until all samples in the composite area were collected. Once all samples in a composite area were collected, a composite was made by homogenizing the sub-samples using volumes proportional to their respective core lengths. All sample processing and sub-sampling of discrete cores and composite samples was performed in the field aboard the sampling barge.

Mixing trays and samples were covered, labeled, stored on ice in coolers, and kept in the dark during all phases of processing and storage. Coolers were checked periodically and drained of excess water to ensure the sample containers were not overtopped by melt water. During all phases of sample processing, extreme care was taken to ensure the samples were not subject to any sources of contamination. The transfer of processed sediment from the stainless-steel tray to glass sample jars was also done in a place, time, and manner which minimized any contamination of the sample, transfer spoon or sample jar lids.

For the larger biological testing composite samples, additional cores were initially processed in the same manner as those for the chemistry composite samples, except all sample material was placed into large stainless-steel batch cans. The batch cans were covered with stainless-steel lids until homogenization with an electric powered stainless-steel mixing paddle. Approximately 60 liters of homogenized sediment per composite area was generated and transferred into three double-layered, food-grade polyethylene bags, and was kept in coolers on ice until delivery to the toxicology laboratory.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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2.2.5. Pipe Dredge Sampling Procedures and Sample Processing

Due to the inability of the vibracore sampler to collect soft, unconsolidated overlying material at all four sample locations within Composite Area 6, a pipe dredge sampler was used to obtain overlying material (i.e., dredge material above -52 feet MLLW). Though the vibracore sampler was ineffective in collection of material above -52 feet, Z-layer samples within Composite Area 6 were successfully collected with the vibracore sampler except for location OAK-2017-6-4, where no Z-layer sample was collected due to vibracore refusal.

One 10-gallon stainless-steel pipe dredge sampler was deployed with a 3/8-inch twisted wire rope threaded through a block connected to a movable steel A-frame affixed to the bow of the vessel. Deployment was initiated at the moment when the vessel was positioned over the site location coordinates. The deployment wire was payed out until it was obvious from a sudden increase in tension the dredge had made proper contact with the bottom. The pipe dredge sampler was then dragged a very short distance to ensure sediment capture. Upon retrieval, the sediment sample contained in the pipe dredge was assessed to ensure it consisted of benthic surface material and had not encountered significant “wash out” during retrieval.

Depending on the acceptability and volume of collected sediments, additional deployments of the pipe dredge were performed.

Acceptable bottom sediment was sub-sampled from each discrete sample location into a protocol-cleaned stainless-steel mixing tray. Material representative of the depth of the entire sample – and not in contact with the pipe dredge walls – was collected for the chemistry samples. Each sub-sample was thoroughly homogenized until uniform in color and texture, after which two 500 ml archive samples were collected.

The remaining sub-sample from each of the four discrete pipe dredge samples was similarly homogenized to generate the representative chemistry composite sample. All sediment samples were immediately processed, sub-sampled, stored on ice in coolers, and kept in the dark until transfer or shipping to the respective analytical laboratories.

2.3. Site Water Collection

Site water for water column toxicity tests and modified elutriate tests (MET) was collected within each of the 10 respective Oakland Harbor Channels composite areas from approximately 5 feet below the water surface. A 12-volt peristaltic pump sampler and clean Teflon™ tubing was used to collect the site water.

The tubing was thoroughly rinsed with site water prior to sample collection. Site water was pumped into laboratory-certified clean polyethylene cubitainers which were thoroughly rinsed three times with site water prior to sample collection. The filled cubitainers were sealed, labeled, and kept on ice and in the dark until delivery to the laboratory.

2.4. Field Documentation

Sediment sampling log forms and daily reports were completed in the field to document all aspects of the sampling effort. Data associated with each sediment core sample was documented on discrete coring log sheets, and included the following:

Core sample identifier (ID)

Project name and number

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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Date and time of collection

Vessel name

Name of person completing log

Name of the vibracore operators

Core barrel length

Target position coordinates (latitude/longitude)

Actual position coordinates (latitude/longitude)

Measured water depth

Tidal height

Difference between actual and predicted tidal height (if present)

Corrected water depth

Project dredge depth

Penetration depth required below ground surface

Start time for each replicate sample

Duration of vibracoring

Standard observations

Actual penetration below ground surface

Core recovery length

Sediment description (classification, texture, color, odor, particle size, stratification, and presence or extent of debris)

2.5. Chain of Custody Documentation

Chain of custody documentation was completed for all physical, chemical, biological, and archive sediment and water samples. These records were completed on triplicate forms using indelible ink pens. Each form contained the following information:

Analytical laboratory name, address and phone number

Name, address, phone number and point of contact for ADH

Project name and number

Purchase order number

Required completion date

Sample ID

Laboratory ID

Sample matrix

Analyses to be performed

Container size, type and number

Preservation

Collection date and time

Condition upon receipt

Special instruction and comments

Signature lines with date and time for transfer of custody (relinquishment and receipt)

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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The completed chain of custody forms were retained with the samples from the time of collection to delivery to each respective analytical laboratory.

2.6. Shipping

Physical and bulk sediment chemistry samples were shipped to Australian Laboratory Services (ALS, formerly Columbia Analytical Services) of Kelso, Washington via FedEx on the next shipping day following the conclusion of each week of sediment sample collection and processing. Biological sediment and water samples were transported by ADH staff to Pacific EcoRisk (PER) of Fairfield, California immediately following the completion of each week’s field effort. ADH maintained custody of all samples until delivery to FedEx and PER. Sediment archive samples were transported to the Soquel office of ADH and were kept refrigerated or frozen, as appropriate, for a period of at least six months. All samples in glass jars were packed in bubble wrap, kept on ice, secured in coolers, and kept in the dark. Chain of custody documentation accompanied all samples during shipping. Copies of all chains of custody forms are included in the laboratory’s data reports and are presented in Appendix B.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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3. FIELD SAMPLING RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Sediment sampling within Oakland Harbor Channels was performed by ADH and its subcontractors from April 10 through 21, 2017. Ten composite area samples (OAK-2017-1 through OAK-2017-10) were generated from 42 discrete sample locations of overlying material collected from the mudline elevation to a depth of -52.0 feet MLLW. Most sediment core sample locations were within very close proximity to the project target locations (less than 5 feet from the target). Only three of the sampling locations were greater than 10 feet from the target location (10.8 feet, 14.7 feet, and 27.4 feet for samples OAK-2017-9-1, OAK- 2017-5-1, and OAK-2017-7-4, respectively). In general, these sample points were relocated a short distance from the target location to account for vessel traffic concerns. All actual sampling locations were well within the federal channels. Refer to Table 3 and Figures 3 through 9 for the locations of actual versus target sample locations, including the distance of separation between actual and target locations (Table 3).

All dredge material samples were successfully collected to the maintenance dredge depth, plus -2 feet of overdepth (-52 feet MLLW). Z-layer archive samples were successfully collected at all discrete core locations from -52.0 to -52.5 feet MLLW, except for one Z-layer sample (OAK-2017-6-4) due to vibracore refusal. To obtain sufficient volume of overlying material at each core location for all the physical, chemical, biological and archive samples, a total of 147 discrete samples were collected. Generally, this included three to four replicate core samples for each of the 42 sample locations. In addition, eight pipe dredge samples were collected within Composite Area 6 due to the inability of the vibracore sampler to collect soft, unconsolidated material (refer to Section 2.2.5 for a description of pipe dredge sampling methods).

Sampling summaries detailing the collection date, time, weather conditions, water depth, core recovery, and number of replicate samples are presented in Table 4. Sediment sample descriptions are summarized in Table 5. All field sediment sampling logs are presented in Appendix A.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – San Francisco District Oakland Inner and Outer Harbor Channels - 2017

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Table 3. Target and Actual Sediment Sample Locations

Sediment Sample ID

Target Locations Actual Locations Separation of

Target and Actual Location (ft) Easting1 Northing1 Latitude2 Longitude2 Easting1 Northing1 Latitude2 Longitude2

OAK-2017-1-1 6024709.7 2119361.9 37.80074 -122.35861 6024708 2119359 37.80073 -122.35862 3.2 OAK-2017-1-2 6025452.0 2120319.5 37.80341 -122.35611 6025450 2120321 37.80341 -122.35612 2.7 OAK-2017-1-3 6026561.1 2119782.7 37.80200 -122.35223 6026563 2119781 37.80199 -122.35223 2.7 OAK-2017-1-4 6026392.3 2120751.5 37.80465 -122.35288 6026393 2120749 37.80464 -122.35288 2.5 OAK-2017-2-1 6027447.6 2119712.1 37.80185 -122.34916 6027445 2119712 37.80185 -122.34917 2.8 OAK-2017-2-2 6027363.0 2120926.3 37.80518 -122.34954 6027366 2120928 37.80519 -122.34953 3.3 OAK-2017-2-3 6028680.2 2119417.0 37.80111 -122.34487 6028675 2119422 37.80112 -122.34489 7.0 OAK-2017-2-4 6028960.2 2120281.8 37.80350 -122.34397 6028961 2120285 37.80351 -122.34396 3.5 OAK-2017-3-1 6029955.6 2119033.9 37.80012 -122.34044 6029958 2119036 37.80013 -122.34043 2.7 OAK-2017-3-2 6030149.6 2119552.2 37.80156 -122.33980 6030149 2119549 37.80155 -122.33980 3.7 OAK-2017-3-3 6031385.3 2119194.1 37.80064 -122.33550 6031388 2119200 37.80066 -122.33549 6.5 OAK-2017-3-4 6031476.5 2118496.2 37.79873 -122.33514 6031482 2118495 37.79873 -122.33512 5.7 OAK-2017-4-1 6032540.3 2118179.3 37.79792 -122.33143 6032540 2118178 37.79791 -122.33144 1.6 OAK-2017-4-2 6032538.5 2118835.6 37.79972 -122.33148 6032537 2118839 37.79973 -122.33149 3.7 OAK-2017-4-3 6033491.7 2118512.7 37.79888 -122.32816 6033490 2118512 37.79888 -122.32817 1.5 OAK-2017-4-4 6033318.0 2118049.1 37.79760 -122.32873 6033319 2118047 37.79310 -122.32873 2.1 OAK-2017-5-1 6034653.1 2117592.5 37.79642 -122.32408 6034638 2117592 37.79642 -122.32413 14.7 OAK-2017-5-2 6035868.4 2117726.2 37.79685 -122.31989 6035861 2117727 37.79687 -122.31989 7.3 OAK-2017-5-3 6038864.9 2116255.7 37.79297 -122.30942 6038869 2116256 37.79798 -122.30607 4.1 OAK-2017-5-4 6041750.3 2116096.0 37.79269 -122.29942 6041748 2116096 37.79268 -122.29944 2.7 OAK-2017-5-5 6042141.0 2115464.1 37.79097 -122.29803 6042138 2115460 37.79096 -122.29804 5.3 OAK-2017-6-1 6043549.0 2116267.9 37.79325 -122.29321 6043547 2116267 37.79325 -122.29322 2.2 OAK-2017-6-2 6044516.0 2115476.2 37.79113 -122.28981 6044515 2115476 37.79113 -122.28982 1.4 OAK-2017-6-3 6045705.2 2116549.1 37.79414 -122.28577 6045706 2116549 37.79414 -122.28577 0.9 OAK-2017-6-4 6046083.7 2116153.3 37.79307 -122.28443 6046085 2116152 37.79307 -122.28443 1.6 OAK-2017-7-1 6027689.6 2121255.0 37.80610 -122.34843 6027684 2121255 37.80610 -122.34845 5.2 OAK-2017-7-2 6029443.1 2121588.4 37.80711 -122.34238 6029444 2121585 37.80710 -122.34262 3.0 OAK-2017-7-3 6029223.3 2121919.8 37.80801 -122.34317 6029222 2121918 37.80801 -122.34317 2.2 OAK-2017-7-4 6030833.7 2122891.8 37.81077 -122.33766 6030834 2122864 37.81069 -122.33766 27.4 OAK-2017-7-5 6031564.0 2122808.2 37.81058 -122.33513 6031561 2122817 37.81060 -122.33514 9.6 OAK-2017-8-1 6033201.3 2123851.0 37.81353 -122.32953 6033201 2123861 37.81355 -122.32953 9.9 OAK-2017-8-2 6033371.7 2123071.9 37.81140 -122.32889 6033374 2123074 37.81140 -122.32888 2.9 OAK-2017-8-3 6035128.8 2122962.6 37.81119 -122.32280 6035128 2122966 37.81120 -122.32280 3.6 OAK-2017-8-4 6035414.0 2124190.0 37.81458 -122.32189 6035413 2124192 37.81458 -122.32190 1.9 OAK-2017-9-1 6035750.4 2124563.9 37.81562 -122.32076 6035751 2124575 37.81565 -122.32076 10.8 OAK-2017-9-2 6036019.4 2124281.4 37.81486 -122.31980 6036017 2124287 38.31488 -122.31982 6.5

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Table 3. Target and Actual Sediment Sample Locations

Sediment Sample ID

Target Locations Actual Locations Separation of

Target and Actual Location (ft) Easting1 Northing1 Latitude2 Longitude2 Easting1 Northing1 Latitude2 Longitude2

OAK-2017-9-3 6036659.5 2124994.0 37.81685 -122.31764 6036658 2124995 37.81685 -122.31764 1.4 OAK-2017-9-4 6036328.0 2125323.0 37.81774 -122.31881 6036327 2125321 37.81773 -122.31881 2.4 OAK-2017-10-1 6036699.1 2125729.0 37.81887 -122.31755 6036700 2125731 37.81888 -122.31755 2.0 OAK-2017-10-2 6037086.9 2125513.4 37.81830 -122.31619 6037087 2125514 37.81830 -122.31619 0.5 OAK-2017-10-3 6037317.8 2126261.2 37.82036 -122.31544 6037321 2126262 37.82037 -122.31543 3.2 OAK-2017-10-4 6037922.0 2126278.2 37.82044 -122.31335 6037923 2126279 37.82045 -122.31335 1.6 1 State plane coordinates in feet, California Zone area 0403 2 Referenced to North American Datum 1983, expressed in decimal degrees.

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Table 4. Sediment Core Sampling Summary

Sediment Core Sample ID

Sample Recovery

Weather Conditions

Target Depth

(ft MLLW)

Depth to Mudline

(ft MLLW)

Target Penetration

(ft bgs)

Achieved Penetration

(ft bgs)

No. of Replicate Samples Collected

Sampler Type

Collection of Z-Layer

Sample? Date Time OAK-2017-1-1 04/17/17 0900 Foggy, cold, calm -52.5 -49.5 3.0 3.0 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-1-2 04/17/17 1000 Foggy, cold, calm -52.5 -49.5 3.0 3.0 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-1-3 04/17/17 1115 Cloudy, cool, light breeze -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-1-4 04/17/17 1245 Overcast, cool, light wind -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-2-1 04/11/17 1235 Overcast, cool, strong current, wind rising -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 3 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-2-2 04/10/17 1300 Partly cloudy, light breeze -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 3 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-2-3 04/14/17 0910 Sunny, windy, cold -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 3 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-2-4 04/14/17 1015 Sunny, windy, cold -52.5 -49.25 3.25 3.25 3 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-3-1 04/18/17 0910 Cloudy, calm, light breeze, strong current -52.5 -48.5 4.0 4.0 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-3-2 04/18/17 1010 Partly cloudy, cool, light wind -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-3-3 04/18/17 1110 Partly cloudy, warming -52.5 -49.5 3.0 3.0 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-3-4 04/17/17 1215 Sunny, few clouds, breezy, warm -52.5 -48.5 4.0 4.0 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-4-1 04/19/17 0900 Sunny, Windy, few clouds -52.5 -49.5 3.0 3.0 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-4-2 04/19/17 1030 Warm, sunny, breezy -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-4-3 04/14/17 1300 Sunny, warm, windy -52.5 -49.25 3.25 3.25 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-4-4 04/14/17 1435 Warm, calm, cloudy -52.5 -49.0 3.5 3.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-5-1 04/13/17 1100 Windy, cold, intermittent rain -52.5 -49.5 3.0 3.0 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-5-2 04/13/17 1000 Cloudy, partly sunny, windy -52.5 -50.0 2.5 2.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-5-3 04/13/17 0900 Windy, cloudy, cold, rain -52.5 -50.0 2.5 2.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-5-4 04/12/17 0900 Rain, calm, cold -52.5 -50.0 2.5 2.5 4 Vibracore Yes OAK-2017-5-5 04/11/17 1420 Cold, wet, windy -52.5 -50.0 2.5 2.5 4 Vibracore Yes

OAK-2017-6-11 04/14/17 1140 Windy, sunny, cool -52.5 -50.5 2.0

0.5 (from -52.0 to -52.5) 1 Vibracore Yes

OAK-2017-6-12 04/21/17 0930 Warm, calm, breezy NA -50.5 NA NA 2 Pipe Dredge NA

OAK-2017-6-21 04/13/17 1320 Rain, clouds, some sun, windy -52.5 -49.75 2.75…