EP-310-1-6a.pdf

Introduction: Lock, Dam and Waterway Signs EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

14-1

The development of the waterway sign system represents an important step in making the waterways, lakes, and rivers easier to use. Corps waterway signs are intended to complement the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Aids to Navigation (ATON) System; they are not intended to be a substitute for the ATON system. To find out more about the ATON system, visit the USCG website at http://www.uscgboating.org/ safety/aton/aids.htm, or call your USCG District ATON office. See Section 15 for a detailed discussion of the use of the ATON system at Corps facilities.

The Corps waterway sign program is a fixed sign system and does not address buoys.

For the use of buoys, see Section 15.

Waterway signs are primarily used above and below dams to warn of dangerous conditions and to instruct boaters of local locking procedures.

The primary purpose of this program is to increase boater safety. Each element of the program has been carefully designed to be part of this comprehensive system. It employs very specific standards for legend, color, format, typography and size.

This section contains basic visual standards and signing principles. Implementation for lock, dam, and waterway signing must follow a detailed study and plan approved by the district Sign Program Manager and then submitted to the Chief of Operations for final approval.

Sign Legends Caution, Warning, and Danger legends have been developed by the HQUSACE Chief Counsel’s office and Operations personnel.

The standardized sign legends in this section have been specified because of their brevity and clarity to appropriately warn, instruct, describe or identify. These sign legends cannot be changed without HQUSACE approval. If the wording of these critical safety signs is not appropriate to the condition being signed, consult the district Sign Program Manager to apply for approval of a nonstandard legend.

Sign Types Three basic sign types are used to identify a specific zone or area around the dam. To be effective, each lock, dam and waterway configuration must be signed as a total package. The basic sign types are:

1) Warning: Used to caution boaters of impending dangerous conditions, generally placed the farthest up and downstream to notify boaters they are approaching a dam.

2a) Restricted: Placed in closer proximity to the dam and on the structures to prohibit access.

2b) Danger: To inform viewers of an immediate and grave danger.

3a) Lock Approach: Used to direct traffic to the lock chamber, including “Arrival Point”.

Can be used at considerable distance from lock to ensure correct traffic flow into the lock channel.

3b) Lock Information/Instruction: Used both along the lock wall to instruct on the proper entry and within the lock chamber to describe lock procedures and indicate distance markings.

Workplace Safety signs (Caution, Danger, Notice, and Safety) as shown in Section 11, will also be used in and around a dam or navigation facility, as required, to warn or instruct Corps employees, contractors and visitors.

Shown on the following pages are the four basic dam configurations common to Corps projects. Each one uses the sign types described above in a zone pattern specific to the particular types of dam, as listed below.

• Submerged/fixed crest dam without lock

• Submerged/fixed crest dam with lock

• Gated dam with lock

• Dam with reservoir

The actual signs and zones used at the projects will depend on the type of the facility and local conditions as determined by ER/EP 1130-2-520, Chapter 10, Restricted Areas for Hazardous Waters at Dams and Other Civil Works Structures.

Placement Extreme care should be taken to specify the correct sign, legend and size, and placement of these signs following the guidelines and specifications in this section. For the program to be successful, it is imperative that the viewer have every possible chance to read and heed the signs to help avoid potential accidents.

General sign placement guidelines are provided on pages 14-57 through 14-61.

These are provided to illustrate the rationale of the system but are not intended to be implemented without a review. Existing conditions must be evaluated on a site-by-site basis, followed by the development of a sign plan, using the signs and engineering criteria contained in this section.

Color Colors have been developed through scientific research and controlled testing. All sign colors and sign materials used must be in compliance with this manual. Color standards are described on pages 14-7 and 14-34.

Viewing distance requirements and sign formats were developed by the Corps specifically for this program.

Typeface The lettering for the sign legends adopts the Haas Helvetica Medium typeface. The exception is for smaller signs viewed from the land, which are similar to the Corps recreation signs and use the Helvetica Bold typeface.

This Helvetica Medium typeface has a nearly exact 1:5 stroke-width to letter height ratio.

Alternate Letter-spacing for Waterway Signs To increase legibility for all signs viewed from the water, a special letter- and word-spacing specification and guide has been incorporated in the size formula for these signs. In this version, the space between letters has been increased thirty percent for signs with Haas Helvetica Medium typeface legends. This differs from the standard letter- and word-spacing shown for all other signs in this manual. This alternate letter- and word-spacing guide is provided in Appendix D, pages D-29 through D-34 (Helvetica Medium: Waterway Letterspacing Matrix, and Helvetica Medium:

Waterway Word Display Reproduction Art).

Formulas in the matrices use values that are “rounded off”, and will thus vary slightly from panels precisely calculated in Corps sign software. To prepare any large waterway sign legend, it is advisable to use the software to determine the length of the word or multiword line legend.

There is no change for signs with Helvetica Bold legends, other land viewed signs, or information and identification signs within a navigation lock.

This is a system of nonilluminated, retroreflec-tive signs, intended for viewing from dawn to dusk. Specific locations may be illuminated using external lighting should local conditions dictate.

Sign layout adopts the standard grid formats used throughout the manual. Proportional grid layout charts are provided in Section 7, pages 7-63 through 7-65.

The net effect is an overall sign design that has good target value in the environment, high legibility, and is part of a comprehensive nationwide system.

Sign Type Specifications Each sign is identified with a standard sign type code and related information in a matrix below the panel. Sign footings and structures for most large waterway signs will need to be engineered on a site-by-site basis because of the variation in conditions.

For those signs, the note “Engineered” indicates that there is no standard specification for that sign. However, general fabrication and material specifications for waterway signs are provided in Appendix B, pages B.13 through B.13-16. The National Sign Program MCX can be consulted for help with the engineering of waterway signs.

http://www.uscgboating.org/safety/aton/aids.htm

Safety Zone System

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The diagram below illustrates the pos-sible safety zones above and below dam structures. These zones, each progres-sively closer to the dam, are to be identified using signs specifically de-signed and worded to notify boaters of the pool and tailwater regulations for that dam.

Sign placement, the number of zones signed, and size of each respective zone will be determined by the district and will vary from one project to the next.

To the left of the diagram are the descrip-tions of each zone. The diagrams on the following four pages show how signs may be placed depending on the type of dam being signed.

Zone 1, Warning Area Upon entry into the zone, either up or downstream, boaters are warned that they are approaching a dam. This warning is most critical for submerged or fixed crest structures. For Zone 1 signs, see page 14-10.

Zone 2, Danger Area Upon entry into this section of the river, the boater is notified with a Danger sign that the dam is a specific distance ahead.

These signs are placed at a distance where the dam is generally perceptible if the boater is conscientiously looking for it. Refer to page 14-13 through 14-16 for examples of Zone 2 signs.

Zone 3, Restricted Area Signs are placed both on the outside of this zone, restricting access beyond that point, and as supporting signs on the face of the dam structure or on special pylons instructing boaters to stay back the desig-nated distance. Restricted areas are established on both the upstream and downstream side of the dam. The Restricted signs used in this zone are shown on pages 14-17 through 14-19.

Safety zones are determined in accordance with ER/EP 1130-2-520, Chapter 10, Restricted Areas for Hazardous Waters at Dams and Other Civil Works Structures.

The ATON system as described in Section 15, is the primary means used to identify safety zones and conditions above and below dam structures.

Signs are a compliment to that system.

This section describes the use of signs for this purpose.

Submerged/Fixed Crest Dam Without Lock

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Illustrated below is a typical sign plan for a submerged or fixed crest dam that is not part of a navigable waterway. Because this type of structure can be very hazardous to pleasure boaters in kayaks or canoes and small fishing boats, care should be given to placement and maintenance of safety and Warning signs.

Pedestrian access from the river bank onto the dam itself and swimming or wading during low-water should be prohibited.

Submerged/Fixed Crest Dam With Lock

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Illustrated below is a typical sign plan for a submerged or fixed crest dam with navigation lock. The configuration of safety zones is similar to a submerged dam without lock. The effective place-ment of the signs is much more com-plex because the river is generally wider.

Where possible, the restricted areas should be reaffirmed with a buoy line to inform boaters that they are at a restricted area.

Fixed crest dams are difficult to see from low riding small boats moving downriver since the crest (top of the concrete) is normally covered with a smooth ribbon of flowing water. To keep boaters from being caught in a strong current and drawn over the dam, the safe distance away from the hazardous area should be identified using the appropriate sign. Likewise, boaters should never approach the down-river side of the dam as they may be pulled into the face of the dam by strong reverse currents which roll back toward the dam.

Gated Dam With Lock

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Illustrated below is a typical sign plan for a gated dam with navigation lock.

Typically, there may be as many as three zones: Warning, Danger and Restricted.

These areas are to be signed for boaters traveling downstream towards the dam.

The dam structure is generally visible from upstream. If hazards from open spillways and intakes can be mitigated using fewer signs closer to the structure, there may be no need for a multizone sign warning system.

If the area around the dam is more dangerous than it appears because of strong undertows created with opened gates and intakes, the restricted areas close to the dam must be thoroughly signed.

There are critical safety hazards below the dam such as turbulent discharge from the dam as well as side currents adjacent to the lock which may require site specific warnings in addition to restricted zone signs. Water access along the river bank by pedestrians can be controlled by the use of signs along the shoreline.

Dam With Reservoir

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The major zone to be signed at a flood control dam is the tailwater area. Signs are placed to notify both the boaters in the tailwater and people along the riverbank of the restricted area.

Since the tailwater is subject to sudden rise and violent turbulence as a dam is operated, standardized Danger signs are to be used to inform viewers along the river’s edge of the hazardous conditions and restrict access to the water in this area. The size of this danger or restricted area depends on local conditions. A typical sign plan for a dam creating a lake for flood control and hydropower is illustrated below.

Waterway Color Standards

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The Corps waterway safety signs are based on a standard referential color system. Consistent use of the standard colors for safety marking of waterways is important using Warning, Danger and Restricted signs for the effectiveness of this program.

Shown below are the only allowable color combinations that are to be used on signs to warn and/or restrict boaters on a Corps water project. See Section 15 for the colors to be used on daymarks and buoys.

Zone 1, Warning Signs Lemon Yellow diamond grade retroreflec-tive sheeting background with black nonreflective legend, overbar and rule.

Zone 2, Danger Signs Red diamond grade retroreflective sheeting with white diamond grade retroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

Zone 3, Restricted Signs Red diamond grade retroreflective sheeting with white diamond grade retroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

Waterway Sign Material Diamond grade retroreflective material shall be used for all waterway sign applications. Diamond grade materials are available in Lemon Yellow, red and white (for Medium Blue, see lock signs, page 14-34).

Lemon Yellow diamond grade is a color that has an ambient light brightness that is two times (2x) brighter than engineer-ing grade material, and the brighter (almost fluorescent) color will be more easily seen by viewers at low light levels of dawn and dusk.

White diamond grade is a bright white color. Red diamond grade also has greater ambient light brightness at low light levels than standard engineering grade products.

Most critical to waterway sign applica-tions, diamond grade sheeting is extremely effective with ten times (10x) more retroreflective brightness, and provides high levels of performance, longer than conventional materials. The cost benefit of the material with minimal surface deterioration and reduced retroreflective fall-off makes it very cost effective for waterway signage applications.

Sign material specifications are provided in Appendix B (pages B.13 through B.13-

16) with product numbers and identifica-tion of manufacturers listed in Appendix E.

A display of Warning, Danger and Restricted signs is provided on pages 14-10 through 14-30.

Cell Color

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The color that surrounds a sign should be either natural or a complement to the information shown on the sign. For example, a midriver cell on which a yellow and black Warning sign is placed should not be painted red because it will confuse the viewer of the sign’s functional intent. Shown below are the three acceptable ways cells may be painted.

Local convention will determine which color system is appropriate. Where possible for visual consistency, all cells within a district or river system should be painted in the same way.

2) Black and white or black and yellow stripe pattern, with gray sign supports

1) Silver or gray cell with gray sign supports

3) Black cell with gray sign supports

Lock Wall Color

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The lock wall may be painted to visually identify this large structure on the horizon or to differentiate it from the dam.

The referential color of the structure must complement, not conflict with the implied danger message in the color of the sign for structures to which Danger and Restricted signs are mounted. To this end, the use of yellow adjacent to these types of Danger signs should be avoided. Shown below are the three acceptable ways that dams and lock walls may be painted. Local convention will determine which color system is appropri-ate. Where possible for visual consistency, all lock walls and abutting structures within a district or river system should be painted in the same way.

Some locations have painted the edge of the lock walls and the perimeter of the lock chamber Safety Yellow. The outer portion of any structures that have red and white Danger or Restricted signs mounted on them should not be painted.

This will reduce possible confusion about the level of danger present.

2) Black and white stripe pattern with gray sign supports

1) Silver or gray cell with gray sign supports

3) Black cell with gray sign supports

Warning: Hazard Ahead

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The signs shown below are used to notify boaters traveling upstream and downstream that they are approaching a dam. This is the first advisory warning that boaters will see.

These will be large ground-mounted signs placed on the river’s edge, and in special cases on midriver pylons. Signs are mounted perpendicular to the boaters’ approach.

The exact size and placement distance from the dam will be determined by flow speed, width of river, and related local conditions.

Mounting size and placement guidelines are shown on pages 14-57 through 14-61.

1) For fixed-crest, nongated structures

WWA-01

Sign Type

WWA-01

WWA-01

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

13.125Ax9A 13.125Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9.5A >9.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-02

Sign Type

WWA-02

WWA-02

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

13.125Ax7.5A 13.125Ax7.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

Underrule is .125A

2) For gated structures

Underrule is .125A

Sign background color is Lemon Yellow retroreflective sheeting with black nonretroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing for waterway signs. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

A

.75A .5A

2A

.5A

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

.75A .5A

2A

Warning: Hazard Ahead (cont’d)

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Sign Type

WWA-35

WWA-35

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

18.625Ax11A 18.625Ax11A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-35

Sign Type

WWA-36

WWA-36

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

15.5Ax10.5A 15.5Ax10.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-36

Underrule is .125A

Warning: Hazard Ahead (cont’d)

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Sign Type

WWA-37

WWA-37

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

13.625Ax12.5A 13.625Ax12.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-37

Sign Type

WWA-38

WWA-38

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

17.125Ax11A 17.125Ax11A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-38

Danger: Hazard Ahead

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These Danger signs are used to inform boaters traveling upstream and downstream that a dam is a specific distance ahead.

This is the next sign following the initial Warning sign (Zone 1). Use of this level of safety notification is recommended for all fixed-crest and nongated structures.

Placement of this level of notification may not be necessary at gated structures where the overall level of hazard may be sufficiently controlled by the restricted areas around the dam.

This will be a large ground-mounted sign placed on the river’s edge, and in special cases on a midriver pylon, mounted perpendicular to the boaters’ approach for good legibility within a 60' cone-of-vision.

The exact size and placement distance from the dam will be determined by flow speed, width of river, and related local conditions.

1) For fixed-crest, nongated structures

Underrule is .125A

*Panel lengths will vary according to the distance used.

2) For gated structures

Underrule is .125A

Sign may be mounted on the bank of the river or on midriver cells as required.

Sign background color is red retroreflec-tive sheeting with white retroreflective legend, overbar and rule. The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing for waterway. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

WDA-01

Sign Type

WDA-01

WDA-01

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

* x10.5A

* x10.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>10.5A >10.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-02

Sign Type

WDA-02

WDA-02

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

* x9A

* x9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

A

.75A .5A

2A

.5A

A .5A

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

.75A .5A

2A

A

WDA-38

Sign Type

WDA-38

WDA-38

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

18Ax11A 18Ax11A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

Danger: Hazard Ahead (cont’d)

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WDA-39

Sign Type

WDA-39

WDA-39

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

16.625Ax9A 16.625Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

Danger: Hazard Ahead (cont’d)

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WDA-40

Sign Type

WDA-40

WDA-40

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

21.625Ax13A 21.625Ax13A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-41

Sign Type

WDA-41

WDA-41

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

17.5Ax9.5A 17.5Ax9.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-42

Sign Type

WDA-42

WDA-42

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

17.5Ax11A 17.5Ax11A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

Danger: Hazard Ahead (cont’d)

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WDA-44

Sign Type

WDA-44

WDA-44

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

18.125Ax9A 18.125Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>7.5A >7.5A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

Restricted: No Boats Here To Dam

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The designated restricted area above and below a dam must be delineated for approaching watercraft. This Restricted sign may be used for this purpose.

Sign placement will depend on the configuration of the dam. For sub-merged or fixed-crest dams see page 14-18. Generally, the signs will be placed on the river’s edge on one side of the channel and on the end of the lock wall on the opposite side to denote the edge of the restricted area.

On wide rivers with submerged dams, additional signs mounted on midriver pylons may be required. This restricted area should be reaffirmed on the up-stream side where possible, with a buoy line to prevent people from drifting into the dam. Signing the restricted area on both the right and left side may not be adequate for all river conditions. On gated structures, a series of “Restricted, Keep Back 0000 Feet” signs, as shown on page 14-19, may be placed on the face of the structure to reaffirm the restricted area.

Sign background color is red retrore-flective sheeting with white retroreflec-tive legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing for waterway signs. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

WRE-01

Sign Type

WRE-01

WRE-01

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

16.25Ax9A 16.25Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

A

.75A .5A

2A

Restricted: No Boats Beyond This Sign

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Identifying the restricted area around a fixed-crest or submerged dam is difficult because there are few visible physical reference points. The edge of the dam is difficult to identify by a boater approaching from upstream. For this type of structure, the restricted zone may need to be extended upstream for added safety; the sign shown below is placed at opposite points around a dam to denote the boundary of the restricted area.

The signs will be placed on the river’s edge on one side of the channel and on the end of the lock wall on the opposite side. On wide rivers with submerged dams, additional signs mounted on midriver pylons may be required. This restricted area should be reaffirmed, where possible, with a buoy-line to prevent people from drifting into the dam.

The signs are placed facing up-stream, mounted perpendicular to the boaters’ approach for good legibility.

The exact size and placement distance above the dam will be determined by flow speed, width of river, and related local conditions.

Sign background color is red retroreflective sheeting with white retroreflective legend, overbar and rule

The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps standard letter-and word-spacing for waterway signs. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

WRE-02

Sign Type

WRE-02

WRE-02

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

18Ax9A 18Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

A

.75A .5A

2A

The restricted area immediately above and below a dam is identified by the signs specified on pages 14-17 through 14-18. Because of the inherent dangers of this restricted area, a redundant level of information identifying area restric-tions may be added if the district feels it is necessary. These signs are to be placed flush on both front and back of the structure to give notification of the designated restricted area. These are optional signs to be used in conjunction with the signs shown on pages 14-17 through 14-18, and should never be used as a substitute for these signs.

The size of the restricted area will be determined by local conditions. At the very least, the legend must be sized to be legible when viewed from outside the boundary of the restricted area being signed. The number of signs required will depend on the width of the dam, flow speed, sign height above water level, and other local conditions. If mounting this sign is not possible, careful controlling of the restricted area will need to be done with the signs outside the area.

Restricted: Keep Back 0000 Feet

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Underrule is .125A

Sign background color is red retroreflec-tive sheeting with white retroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing for waterway signs. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

WRE-03

Sign Type

WRE-03

WRE-03

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Formula

16.25Ax9A 16.25Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/2/4

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

A

.75A .5A

2A

Danger: Strong Currents, No Swimming

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The Danger signs shown below are used to identify a dangerous waterway or shoreline condition, and establish prohibitions for swimming or wading.

These ground-mounted signs are placed for viewing by people approach-ing the water’s edge from the land-side.

These signs may be mounted to face away from the water’s edge, or be placed in a double face configuration and mounted perpendicular to the bank. Placement should be high enough to keep sign above high water levels while accommodating for special conditions when the shoreline is dramatically different at low water.

As a land-viewed sign, it is preferable that several smaller signs be placed closer to the viewer in series, instead of one overly large sign viewed from a greater distance.

Three legend formats are provided for use to identify this dangerous shoreline condition. Selection of the appropriate sign will be determined by local require-ments.

Sign background color is red retrore-flective sheeting with white retroreflec-tive legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Bold and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing, Appendix D, page D-9. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

Sign Type

WDA-21

WDA-21

WDA-21

WDA-21

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

33.25”x25” 33.25”x25” 49.875”x37.5” 49.875”x37.5”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-1/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-21

Sign Type

WDA-22

WDA-22

WDA-22

WDA-22

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

33.25”x22” 33.25”x22” 49.875”x33” 49.875”x33”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-1/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

WDA-22

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

Sign Type

WDA-30

WDA-30

WDA-30

WDA-30

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

33.25”x28” 33.25”x28” 49.875”x42” 49.875”x42”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-1/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-1/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

WDA-30

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

Danger: Water Subject to Sudden Rise

14-21

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

These signs are specified for use along the shoreline below the dam for viewing by pedestrians. Their function is to identify dangerous conditions resulting from sudden increases or decreases in water flow from turbine discharges and/ or gate openings and closings.

These ground-mounted signs are to be placed for viewing by people approach-ing the water’s edge from the land side.

The sign is mounted on the bank facing away from the water’s edge or as a double-face sign mounted perpendicular to the bank.

As a land-viewed sign, it is preferable that several smaller signs be placed closer to the viewer in series, instead of one overly large sign viewed from a greater distance.

The Danger, Caution, and Warning signs used in this manual cannot be changed without HQUSACE approval.

For all signs listed below, identical legends are approved as both Danger and Warning signs.

• WDA-23 (right) and WWA-30 on page 14-51.

• WDA-31 (below) and WWA-23 on page 14-50.

Determination of whether a Danger or Warning sign is to be used will be made by the project manager after considering the conditions and severity of the hazard. Please refer to the discussion of safety signs in Section 2, pages 2-13 through 2-15.

Sign background color is red retroreflective sheeting with white retroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Bold and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing, Appendix D, page D-9.

The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

Sign Type

WDA-23

WDA-23

WDA-23

WDA-23

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

32.375”x28” 32.375”x28” 48.5”x42” 48.5”x42”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-23

At locations where people do not swim or wade, the smaller sign shown at the right may provide all notification required.

Sign Type

WDA-31

WDA-31

WDA-31

WDA-31

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

32.375”x21” 32.375”x21” 48.5”x31.5” 48.5”x31.5”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-31

36”

Danger: Water Subject to Sudden Rise (cont’d)

14-22

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

Sign background color is red retroreflective sheeting with white retroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Bold and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing, Appendix D, page D-9. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

Sign Type

WDA-36

WDA-36

WDA-36

WDA-36

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

34.5”x32” 34.5”x32” 51.75”x48” 51.75”x48”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-36

Sign Type

WDA-37

WDA-37

WDA-37

WDA-37

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

44.25”x29” 44.25”x29” 66.375”x43.5” 55.375”x43.5”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-37

Danger: Auditory or Visual Signal Signs (For Use With Existing Systems Only)

14-23

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

The function of the signs illustrated below (and on the following page) is to warn project visitors about hazards at a specific functional area at a Corps project. These signs are only to be used in locations where siren, horn and/or flashing light warning systems already exist. Because of the potentially serious consequences which may occur if the signs are not heeded, it is important that the principles and guidelines in this manual be fol-lowed. While these signs are shown here, the use of additional horns, sirens, and flashing light systems is not encour-aged. The primary warning system should be signs alone.

Sign Type

WDA-32

WDA-32

WDA-32

WDA-32

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

39.625”x21” 39.625”x21” 59.375”x31.5” 59.375”x31.5”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-32

Sign Type

WDA-33

WDA-33

WDA-33

WDA-33

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

39.625”x21” 39.625”x21” 59.375”x31.5” 59.375”x31.5”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-33

Sign Type

WDA-34

WDA-34

WDA-34

WDA-34

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

43.875”x31” 43.875”x31” 65.875”x31.5” 65.875”x31.5”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-34

Signs must be mounted for ease of view so viewers entering an area are advised of the potential hazard and are aware of the warning systems used at this location.

These may be double face panels mounted perpendicular to the edge of the shoreline or single face signs directed toward a viewer’s approach. It is preferable that several smaller signs be placed along the shoreline in series instead of fewer overly large signs placed at a greater distance from each other.

Sign background color is red retrore-flective sheeting with white retrore-flective legend overbar and rule.

The typeface for signs viewed from the water is Helvetica Medium.

Helvetica Bold is used for signs viewed from the land. Refer to Appendix D for Corps standard letter-and word-spacing for both waterway and land applications. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

Danger: Auditory or Visual Signal Signs (For Use With Existing Systems Only) (cont’d)

14-24

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

Sign background color is red retroreflective sheeting with white retroreflective legend, overbar, and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Bold and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing, Appendix D, page D-9. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

Sign Type

WDA-47

WDA-47

WDA-47

WDA-47

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

39”x24” 39”x24” 58.375”x36” 58.375”x36”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

LY/BK

LY/BK

WDA-47

Warning: Auditory or Visual Signal Signs (For Use With Existing Systems Only)

14-25

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

Signs may be used where existing auditory or visual systems are used to notify viewers of signal system procedures.

For use, see guidelines provided on page 14-23.

Distance to be displayed on this sign will be determined by the project Sign Program Manager on a site-by-site basis.

Sign background color is Lemon Yellow retroreflective sheeting with black nonretroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface for signs viewed from the water is Helvetica Medium. Helvetica Bold is used for signs viewed from the land. Refer to Appendix D for Corps standard letter- and word-spacing for both waterway and land applications. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

When using the Warning signs that indicate a distance that a viewer must stay back from, the sign must be readable from the prescribed distance and a marker must be placed to designate the area for which it applies.

Sign Type

WWA-27/28

WWA-27/28

WWA-27/28

WWA-27/28

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

45.125”x22” 45.125”x22” 67.75”x33” 67.75”x33”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-27 WWA-28

Legend Size (A)

2” 2” 3” 3”

Panel Size

39.375”x21” 39.375”x21” 59”x31.5” 59”x31.5”

Post Size

Engineered Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

WTW-2/3/5

WTW-6

Mounting Height

36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60” 36”-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-29

Sign Type

WWA-29

WWA-29

WWA-29

WWA-29

Danger: Turbulent Water

14-26

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

Specific locations, both within and outside restricted areas surrounding a dam or a lock may be individually signed to notify boaters and pedestrians of dangerous, turbulent water conditions. This includes areas that are very hazardous but may appear calm on the surface.

These signs are primarily used in addition to the Restricted signs shown on pages 14-17 through 14-18 at dangerous locations adjacent to a lock or dam. Other uses will depend on local conditions.

The signs should be sized and mounted for viewing outside the area being signed (see size charts on page 2-6 and the placement guidelines in this section pages 14-57 through 14-61).

Sign background is red retroreflec-tive sheeting with white retroreflec-tive legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps standard letter-and word-spacing for waterway signs. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

11.875Ax9A 11.875Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-03

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

13.75Ax11A 13.75Ax11A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-45

Sign Type

WDA-45

WDA-45

Sign Type

WDA-03

WDA-03

Danger: Turbulent Water (cont’d)

14-27

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

13.625Ax11A 13.625Ax11A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

WDA-46

Sign Type

WDA-46

WDA-46

Miscellaneous Safety SignsEP 310-1-6a

14-28

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

12.75Ax9A 12.75Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-31

Sign Type

WWA-31

WWA-31

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

16.75Ax9A 16.75Ax9A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-32

Sign Type

WWA-32

WWA-32

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

22.25Ax12.5A 22.25Ax12.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WWA-34

Sign Type

WWA-34

WWA-34

Miscellaneous Safety Signs (cont’d) EP 310-1-6a

14-29

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

18.125Ax10.5A 18.125Ax10.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WDA-35

Sign Type

WDA-35

WDA-35

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

21.5Ax12.5A 21.5Ax12.5A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-3/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>9A >9A

Color Bkg/Lgd

LY/BK

LY/BK

WDA-43

Sign Type

WDA-43

WDA-43

Restricted AreaEP 310-1-6a

14-30

Trespassing on locks, dams or other United States Government property at Corps projects is strictly prohibited.

Access to restricted or hazardous areas around a dam or waterway should be controlled using the appropriate combi-nation of fencing and signing. The primary use of these signs is for mount-ing on dam structures, fences or pylons to deter people from climbing on to the dam or entering into dangerous areas around a water project.

These land viewed signs are generally placed for pedestrian viewing and need not be overly large; see Viewing Distance Guide, page 2-6.

1) Sign background color is red retroreflective sheeting with white retroreflective legend, overbar and rule.

2) Sign background color is Medium Blue retroreflective sheeting with white retroreflec-tive legend, overbar and rule.

The typeface used on both signs is Helvetica Bold and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing, Appendix D, page D-9. The sign panel format uses standard Grid 1, Section 7.

*Fence mounting detail shown on page B.7-5, detail 14.

These signs are to be fabricated using engineering grade reflective sheeting only. These signs may be screen printed on white retroreflec-tive sheeting or fabricated using white cut graphics applied to base color.

60”

20’ - 30’

Legend Size (A)

.75”

.75” 1.5” 1.5”

Panel Size

11.875”x7.375” 11.875”x7.375” 23.875”x14.625” 23.875”x14.625”

Post Size

4”x4” 4”x4”

Specification Code

HDO-5

HDO-6*

HDO-5

HDO-6*

Mounting Height

36-60” 36-60” 36-60” 36-60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

RD/WH

WRE-22

Sign Type

WRE-22

WRE-22

WRE-22

WRE-22

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

.75A

A

.75A 1.5A

2A

.5A

Legend Size (A)

.75”

.75” 1.5” 1.5”

Panel Size

19.25”x5.625” 19.25”x5.625” 38.375”x11.25” 38.375”x11.25”

Post Size

4”x4” 4”x4”

Specification Code

HDO-5

HDO-6*

HDO-5

HDO-6*

Mounting Height

60” 60” 60” 60”

Color Bkg/Lgd

MB/WH

MB/WH

MB/WH

MB/WH

REG-04

Sign Type

REG-04

REG-04

REG-04

REG-04

.25X X 1.5A

A .625A

1.5A

A

.75A

2A

.5A

Introduction: Lock Signage

14-31

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

The following guidelines specify the signs used to direct boaters to the lock and instruct them as they lock through.

Although the basic principles of locking are common to most locks, regardless of size or location, the procedures and rules differ somewhat from one project to the next project.

There are two types of signs placed in and around a lock. The first are signs informing boaters of the lock approach including the “Arrival Point” sign. This sign is a large panel designed for viewing from midriver by approaching lock traffic.

The use of optional traffic flow instruction signs should be determined on a site-by-site basis depending on the project and river configuration.

All of the other signs specified within the immediate area around the dam are provided to give boaters information and instructions for entering the lock channel, chamber, and locking through. These signs are intended for viewing from relatively short distances by boaters moving at low speed. Signs in the lock area are mounted on the lock wall, on posts placed specially for the signs, or on the guard-railing around the lock chamber.

To help maintain an orderly appearance, the capital letter height (A) for signs with similar viewing distance should be the same. Where more than one sign is used in an area, they should be mounted at a common height and aligned on top of the panel.

Should any information or instruction type sign (other than Caution, Warning, Danger or Restricted) be required that is not shown in this manual, it should be prepared using standard grid formats provided in Section 7.

Use only the Haas Helvetica Medium typeface for lock, dam and waterway signs, and the Helvetica Bold typeface for land viewed signs. Letter- and word-spacing must follow the Corps standards, Appendix D, page D-9 through D-12. Use the Viewing Distance Guide shown in Section 2, page 2-6, to determine proper legend size for each respective sign.

Information and instruction signs placed on the lock structure use standard signs that should not require custom engineer-ing. A size matrix for each sign type is shown on the respective display page for each individual type of sign.

Sign background color for all lock information and instruction signs is white diamond grade retroreflective sheeting with Medium Blue diamond grade retroreflective sheeting legend, arrow and overbar. For an overview of the diamond grade retroreflective material see page 14-7. Sign material specifications are provided in Appendix B (pages B.13 through B.13-16), with product numbers and identification of manufacturers provided in Appendix E.

When placing signs, it is important that each sign is visible from its proposed viewing location. To maximize the effectiveness, the overall installation must be uncluttered and orderly in appearance.

This can be achieved by uniformly aligning the top of adjacent panels, and where appropriate, using a common size panel throughout an installation.

When developing a sign plan for a lock or structure, it is advisable to field test complicated situations to ensure good legibility. This includes sign placement in a lock chamber and areas with changing water levels.

Signs can be placed either above high water level in lock chambers, or attached to the guard railing on top of the lock structure. When placed within the lock chamber, placement should be such as to prevent damage to signs by passing vessels.

Lock Area Diagram

14-32

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

The diagram below shows the three primary areas of a lock to be signed.

These include: approach area, entry channel and lock chamber. At each project, the sign requirements will vary depending on lock and dam configuration, and the river conditions.

Area 1, Lock Approach Primarily used to identify arrival point and direct boat traffic upstream and down-stream. These signs are placed on the river bank, on the end of the lock walls, on midriver pylons or on mooring cells as appropriate.

Area 2, Lock Entry Within this area the boaters are instructed, as required, how to manually signal for lockage, and informed about entry proce-dures. Entry channel signs generally placed along the lock wall are located for easy viewing. Mount panels so that they will not be damaged by passing boats and barges.

Area 3, Lock Chamber These signs are located within the chamber area and include length increments, related safety signs, and locking instructions. Signs within the chamber should be kept to a minimum and placed to provide greatest visibility to boaters locking through.

Lock Area Signage

14-33

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

The number of signs placed in any area of a lock will vary depending on cham-ber size, local conditions and type of boater traffic. Where there is more than one sign needed at a specific location, place signs in a logical order, giving the viewer time to respond to each mes-sage as needed. Carefully select placement and size of the signs. Keep in mind that the signs are intended for the first time user and that signs placed on lock walls parallel to the viewer are more difficult to read than signs placed perpen-dicular to a viewer. These constraints may require placement of several smaller panels, repeating the message, instead of one big panel.

Signs placed in advance of a lock are used primarily to identify the arrival point and to guide boat traffic to and into the lock channel. Secondary signs may be provided to identify signal locations and/or procedures, as well as locking through (queuing) regulations.

Inside the lock chamber and on the approach walls are chamber length markers, gate opening and required Workplace Safety signs.

Lock Sign Color Standards

14-34

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

These signs are provided to display general lock information to boaters. They augment waterway safety signs.

All lock approach, lock entry channel and lock chamber signs use a color combi-nation of Medium Blue and white.

Depending on function, the figure and background relationship will vary.

Consistent use of these color standards is important for the effectiveness of this program.

All regulated information, instruction and guide signs will have a white retroreflec-tive background with Medium Blue retroreflective legend and overbar.

A lock area sign installation will also include Workplace Safety signs as required (see Section 11).

Information Signs White retroreflective background with Medium Blue retroreflective legend and overbar. These signs are to be used in the approach into a lock beginning at the arrival point. Refer to page 14-36 for sign display.

General Instruction Signs White retroreflective background with Medium Blue retroreflective legend and overbar. These signs are optional and are to be used in the approach channel to the lock chamber. Refer to page 14-37 through 14-38 for sign displays.

Workplace Safety Signs These signs are used to augment the two basic types of lock signs described above. Refer to page 14-39 for sign display, with additional safety signs provided in Section 11.

Lock Traffic Guide Signs

14-35

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

The signs shown below may be used to advise traffic to the arrival point or into the lock channel. These signs, placed on bridge piers, lock walls, river banks and midriver pylons, are used to direct traffic and provide an orderly flow of boats towards and into the lock.

It is recommended to use the signs with arrows (shown below) for locations viewed from midriver (distances greater than 200') because their legibility is three times greater than worded signs. Viewed from close range, either sign format can be used.

1) Information signs with arrows for viewing from midriver and at close proximity to lock channel.

Capital letter height not recommended larger than A=12”

Legend Size (A)

A A

Panel Size

7.25Ax8.75A 7.25Ax8.75A

Post Size

Engineered

Specification Code

WTW-2/4/5

WTW-6/7

Mounting Height

>8.75A >8.75A

Color Bkg/Lgd

WH/MB

WH/MB

WLI-01

Sign Type

WLI-00

WLI-00

25% 75%

.75A .5A

A

1.5A

2A

3.5A

2) Information signs with worded legend for viewing at distances less than 200'.

Capital letter height not recommended larger than A=8”

Sign background color is white retroreflective sheeting with Medium Blue retroreflective sheeting legend, arrow and overbar.

The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps standard letter- and word-spacing for waterway signs. The sign panel format uses standard grid 3, Section 7.

Reproduction artwork for the Helvetica Medium Arrow is provided on page F.

141.

WLI-02

25% 75%

.75A .5A

A

1.5A

2A

3.5A

WLI-03

25% X

.75A

.5A A

A

2A

A

A

.5A

.5A

.5A A

WLI-04

25% X

.75A

.5A A

A

2A

A

A

.5A

.5A

.5A A

Refer to guidelines on page 4-13 for arrow sizing.

Signs placed along the edge of the lock wall may be flag mounted away from the edge to prevent damage from passing boats.

Arrival Point

14-36

EP 310-1-6a 01 Jun 06

For the purpose of lock regulations, the lock area is considered to be the area between the upstream and downstream arrival points.

Shown below is the standard sign to identify the arrival point. The navigation regulations for each location dictates the requirements at this point. The signs are to be viewed from midriver and should be sized accordingly.

Arrival point signs are to be mounted perpendicular to the boaters’ approach on the river’s edge or midriver cells.

Sign background color is white retroreflective sheeting with Medium Blue retroreflective legend and overbar.

The typeface is Helvetica Medium and follows Corps…